بين العلم والخرافة

المصادر Beyond good and evil - Nietzsche Being and Nothingness - Sartre Sophie's World - Jostein Gaarder The Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the World's Greatest Philosophers - Will Durant تأليف : نديم الجسر - كتاب قصة الإيمان The Republic - Plato The Social Contract - Jean-Jacques Rousseau

المصادر http://atlasofhumanevolution.com https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/apr/10/new-species-of-ancient-human-homo-luzonensis-discovered-in-philippines-cave https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1067-9 https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-habilis https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/homo-erectus-our-ancient-ancestor.html https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0424 https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensis https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/australopithecus-afarensis-lucy-species.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1513-8 https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/australopithecus-anamensis https://www.science.org/content/article/ancient-dna-puts-face-mysterious-denisovans-extinct-cousins-neanderthals https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2021/march/fossil-evidence-of-southern-denisovans-yet-to-be-found.html https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/homo-floresiensis-making-sense-of-the-small-91387735/ https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/ardipithecus-kadabba https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/1%20Glacial-Interglacial%20Cycles-Final-OCT%202021.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93lead_dating https://www.astronomy.com/science/asteroid-dust-found-at-chicxulub-crater-confirms-cause-of-dinosaurs-extinction/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinerpeton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrodon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procynosuchus https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-human-biology/section/7.2/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiadapiformes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegyptopithecus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proconsul_(mammal) https://natmus.humboldt.edu/exhibits/life-through-time/visual-timeline/neogene-period https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants

المصادر https://www.notablecap.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-neural-network https://www.projectpro.io/article/deep-learning-architectures/996 https://botpenguin.com/glossary/transformer-architecture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test https://www.aibrilliance.com/blog/from-turing-to-today-a-brief-history-of-ai https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02571/full https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08007 https://www.beren.io/2022-08-06-The-scale-of-the-brain-vs-machine-learning/ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-geoff-hinton-changed-my-mind-ai-risk-aki-ranin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjZofJX0v4M

المصادر https://evolution.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Evo101_03_Mechanisms_UE.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding https://biology4alevel.blogspot.com/2016/06/140-artificial-selection.html https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/influenza-a-virus-h10n7 https://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/news/how-are-flu-vaccines-made https://theory.labster.com/embryology-evolution/ https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-012-0418-x https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3352556/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258855544_Beyond_the_zebrafish_Diverse_fish_species_for_modeling_human_disease https://helpfulprofessor.com/evolutionary-psychology-examples/ https://www.online-psychology-degrees.org/study/what-does-evolution-teach-us-about-psychology/ http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Evolutionary_programming https://www.turing.com/kb/genetic-algorithm-applications-in-ml https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolution-101/the-history-of-life-looking-at-the-patterns/

المصادر The Catalyst: RNA and the Quest to Unlock Life's Deepest Secrets By Cech, Thomas R. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Human-cornea-structure-and-composition-A-Human-cornea-anatomy-B-The-human-cornea_fig1_379012868 https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Messenger-RNA-mRNA https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Transfer-RNA-tRNA https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Ribosome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribozyme https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RNAs https://www.salk.edu/news-release/modeling-the-origins-of-life-new-evidence-for-an-rna-world/ https://www.thoughtco.com/dna-versus-rna-608191 https://math.mit.edu/classes/18.417/index.html https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Nucleolus https://www.sciencefacts.net/rna-polymerase.html https://www.vedantu.com/biology/start-codons-in-dna-and-rna https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/structure-and-function-of-messenger-rna-mrna/56603656 https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Intron https://rsscience.com/ribosomes/ https://earth.callutheran.edu/Academic_Programs/Departments/BioDev/omm/jsmolnew/trna/trna.html https://www.nist.gov/image/rnagraphics-introv2-01png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerhead_ribozyme

المصادر https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_geodesy/geo02_hist.html https://www.history-of-mathematics.org/PythagoreanTheorem.html https://flatearth.ws/sydney-johannesburg

المصادر Why everyone else is a Hypocrites: Evolution and the Modular Mind by Robert O. Kurzban https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16675090 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-brain https://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/capsules/experience_bleu06.html https://medium.com/predict/split-brain-967550bf64a3 https://people.psych.ucsb.edu/gazzaniga/michael/ https://www.informationphilosopher.com/freedom/libet_experiments.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poiuyt.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beispiel_Kontrast.jpg https://www.anopticalillusion.com/2013/09/a-very-sad-bathtub-face/ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01718/full

المصادر https://blog.growlink.com/the-history-of-agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Crusade https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9048/the-near-east-in-1135-ce/ https://www.worldhistory.org/image/9101/crusader-states-1200-ce/

المصادر https://www.btrt.com.au/en/content/yin-yang-chinese-medicine https://superostmk.live/product_details/48303286.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830173/ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00038/full https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-intropsych/chapter/freud-and-the-psychodynamic-perspective/ https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-jung.html https://www.structural-learning.com/post/carl-jungs-archetypes https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Trait-theory-by-Gordon-Allport-Cardinal-traits-If-a-trait-dominates-your-personality_fig25_323695129 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%27s_biopsychological_theory_of_personality https://www.physio-pedia.com/Biopsychosocial_Model https://medium.com/@cbochras/exploring-grays-biopsychological-theory-of-personality-202be56ebbd6 https://practicalpie.com/humanistic-perspective-of-personality/ https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-personality-analyst/200903/hindu-personality-types-travel-west https://www.dailywonderhomelearning.com/blog/the-four-temperaments

Determined: A Science of Life without Free Will, By Robert M. Sapolsky