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Vi vender noget af alt det, der er sket siden vi sidst optog midt på sommeren. 1: Space X - Flight 142: Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope3: Månen har fået 2 nye kratere:3.1: Space Debris  Impact Event Aug. 5th3.2: Asteroide impact: McGetchin Crater 4: Hvad hvis vi havde haft en månebase?5: Pga. 2024 YR4 som IKKE rammer Jorden i 2032--Topic 1: Starship Flight 14 – "It Finally Reached Orbit!" Yesterday, September 28, 2026, SpaceX launched Starship Flight 14 from Starbase, Texas, and achieved its biggest milestone in program history—Starship reached low Earth orbit for the very first time!The Drama (An Engine Fails): It almost didn't make it. During ascent, one of Starship’s six upper-stage engines shut down prematurely. Mission control briefly panicked, but since everything else was performing perfectly, they pushed through and fired the remaining engines to slip into orbit.The Payload (20x the Bandwidth): For the first time ever, Starship wasn't just a hollow test tank. It carried and successfully deployed an operational stack of 26 next-generation Starlink V3 satellites. SpaceX noted that deploying these huge new V3 satellites was equivalent to flying 20 Falcon 9 rockets at once in terms of bandwidth capacity.The Fiery Finish: SpaceX originally planned a 10-hour, 6-orbit flight, but cut it short to 3 hours for safety. Upon re-entry over the Pacific Ocean north of Hawaii, Starship completed a landing burn but tipped over and exploded into a massive fireball on the water.Space X  28.09.26 boiled down to 15min:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSQnhKKmC1sTopic 2: The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope – "The Mother of Dark Matter"Just 4 weeks ago, on August 30, 2026, a SpaceX Falcon Heavy launched NASA's next flagship observatory, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It is currently on a 3-month cruise to the Lagrange 2 (L2) point. Just days ago on September 25, NASA confirmed all global ground networks are officially locked in to receive its data.The Hardware (The T-Rex Analogy): The telescope is roughly the size of a city tour bus and weighs as much as a Tyrannosaurus Rex (about 4.1 metric tons). It uses a 2.4-meter mirror (the same size as Hubble's).The Superpower (100x Wider View): While it has the resolution of Hubble, its 300-megapixel wide-field infrared camera gives it a field of view 100 times larger than Hubble or JWST.If Hubble is looking through a narrow straw to examine a single pixel of the sky, Roman is a massive widescreen IMAX theater looking at the entire wall at once. It will map the universe 1,000 times faster than Hubble.The Mission: Because it can photograph hundreds of millions of galaxies in a fraction of the time, it is designed to track how dark matter clusters together and measure how dark energy is ripping the expansion of the universe apart. It will also down-link a crushing 1.4 terabytes of data every single dayThis new Space Telescope has a  primary mirror gifted by the National Reconnaissance Office from an unused spy satellite program. Initial Steps: precise initial trajectory maneuvers have left the spacecraft with sufficient fuel reserves to potentially operate for over two decades rather than the originally budgeted ten years. Source: https://arstechnica.com/space/2026/09/the-roman-telescope-has-enough-gas-for-22-years-double-nasas-expectations/Topic 3: To nye Månekrater NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) recently captured the dramatic aftermath of two completely distinct impact events on the moon.Link: https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/moon/nasas-moon-orbiter-spots-new-once-in-century-moon-crater/1. The Human-Made Impact: The SpaceX Falcon 9 CrashThe Event: On August 5, 2026, a spent 4-ton SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage rocket crashed into the moon near Einstein Crater at about 8700 km/hBackstory: The rocket originally launched in January 2025 to deliver two commercial lunar landers (Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost-1 and iSpace's Hakuto-R). After completing its mission, it was left drifting in an unstable, highly elongated orbit until the combined gravitational pull of the Earth, Moon, and Sun pulled it in for an unavoidable crash. [1, 2]The Crater: The crash left an unintentional 18-meter wide and 3m deep crater.Scientific Value: The NASA LRO team had to precisely tilt the orbiter to photograph the spot, knowing that a timing error of just 10 seconds would miss the target by miles. Because scientists knew the exact mass and speed of the rocket, this accidental impact serves as a perfect controlled experiment to study how lunar soil reacts to high-velocity impacts. [Der er altid noget at lære, også selvom det måske ikke var med vilje]2.  The McGetchin CraterThe Scale: The impact excavated a massive pit measuring 222 meters wide and 43 meters deep. This is the length of two football fields and deep enough to stack three city buses vertically.The Impactor: The culprit was a rogue asteroid or comet fragment estimated to be the size of a 3-to-6-story building (roughly 10 to 20 meters across).The Energy: It slammed into the eastern limb of the moon at a staggering speed. Scientists estimate it released energy equivalent to a 15-kiloton nuclear explosion—yet because the moon has no atmosphere to carry sound and nobody was looking at that exact spot, it happened in complete silence.The Invisible Devastation: While the visible crater is 222 meters wide, NASA's LRO Diviner thermal instrument revealed that the impact violently shook and "fluffed up" the lunar dust (regolith) across an area 6.5 kilometers wide. Because this loosened soil is less dense, it loses heat rapidly, creating a massive night-time "cold spot" that drops temperatures by 9°C.  Scientists have known about cold spots around young craters for more than a decade; they believe such spots form when an impact loosens the regolith for miles around a new crater, leaving it less dense. That loosely packed soil surrenders its warmth faster than compacted ground does. But by geologic standards, the features are short-lived, and most had already faded considerably by the time anyone saw them. That makes McGetchin a useful data point: It’s the largest fresh cold spot ever observed.https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/rare-new-lunar-crater-how-impacts-remodel-moon-surface & https://www.astronomy.com/science/scientists-spot-a-new-crater-on-the-moon/The Discovery: The impact occurred between April 11 and May 22, 2024. However, it wasn't discovered until late 2025 when a scientist named Robert Wagner spotted a massive, anomalous blast pattern sprawling across hundreds of pixels during a routine data check. The peer-reviewed findings were just published in September 2026.Why It Matters: Statistically, an impact of this magnitude only happens on the moon once every 132 years. It is officially the largest newly formed impact crater humans have ever witnessed anywhere in the solar system since we began monitoring space. Topic 4: Hvad hvis vi havde en bemandet månebase?If an impact like the one that created the McGetchin Crater occurred near a manned lunar base, the consequences would be absolutely catastrophic. Because the moon has no atmosphere, it lacks a protective shield to burn up incoming space rocks or slow them down.The Instant Obliteration Zone: Ground Zero: Anything within the 222-meter blast radius would instantly cease to exist.The Shockwave: Unlike Earth, where air carries a blast wave, the kinetic energy here would transfer entirely into the ground. It would unleash a massive lunar earthquake (moonquake) that would ripple through the crust, cracking the thick, specialized concrete of habitats kilometers away and compromising their airtight seals.Shrapnel and the "Jetting" Effect: High-Speed Debris: When an asteroid hits the moon, it triggers a process called jetting—where streams of vaporized rock and razor-sharp dust shoot out from the impact site.The Angle Danger: While scientists previously modeled that debris shoots out at low angles under 2°, data from the McGetchin crater revealed that material actually launched at angles above 13°. For a base, this means debris wouldn't just skim the ground; it would behave like heavy artillery, raining down on top of habitats, solar panels, and communications towers from kilometers away.The 6.5-Kilometer "Fluff" Zone: Ruined Infrastructure: Data from UCLA planetary scientists showed that the McGetchin impact disturbed and completely rearranged the physical texture of the soil across a massive 6.5-kilometer-wide area.The Sinkhole Effect: The impact violently "puffed up" the loose lunar dust (regolith). If a base's launch pads, roads, or heavy equipment were inside this 6.5 km radius, the ground underneath them would lose its structural density. Roads would cave in, and heavy equipment would unexpectedly sink into the loosened sediment.The Orbital Shrapnel Threat: Because the moon has no atmosphere to slow debris down, a massive 15-kiloton-equivalent kinetic impact like McGetchin launches a massive cloud of high-velocity fragments which could cause a Global/Orbital Hazard.Some of this ejecta can exceed lunar escape velocity (2.38 km/s) entering orbit around the Moon or even the Earth-Moon system. The "Slow" Shrapnel (50 to 200 m/s): Even at the lowest end of the ejection spectrum, fragments are traveling between 180 km/h and 720 km/h. This material falls back down relatively close to the crater but easily retains enough kinetic energy to crack standard surface habitats or puncture spacesuits.The Intermediate Shrapnel (500 to 2000 m/s): This debris poses the largest infrastructure risk. Material ejected at, 1.5 km/s ( altså 5400 km/h) doesn't stay local. It enters highly lofted, ballistic trajectories. Because it is traveling just under escape velocity, it can cross entire lunar hemispheres before falling back down. A colony on the exact opposite side of the moon could experience an unexpected artillery bombardment of razor-sharp glass and rock fragments hours after an impact oc

Vi dykker lidt ned i jordens varmestrømme. Hvad er det der sker lige denne sommer?Her er Karina’s noter til dagens afsnit.1) Heat Dome, eller hvad DMI kalder det - Omega-Blokering2) Hvad er El Niño3) Hvad er El Niña4) Hvordan er 2026 El Niño anderledes?5) Is-kappe re-generering-----------------1) Heat Dome, eller hvad DMI kalder det - Omega-BlokeringOmegablokering lagde låg på vejret og løftede Danmark til 37 graderEn fastlåst bølge i atmosfæren sendte varm luft fra Nordafrika mod Danmark og var med til at udløse sidste uges hedebølge. Klimaforandringer skaber ikke omegablokeringen, men gør den varme, som følger med, mere intens. En ny blokering er ved at sætte sig fast.https://www.dmi.dk/nyheder/2026/omegablokering-lagde-laag-paa-vejret-og-loeftede-danmark-til-37-grader——-2) Hvad er El Niño:El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern characterized by the unusual warming of surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It represents the "warm phase" of a larger, global ocean-atmosphere cycle called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Under normal conditions, equatorial trade winds blow steadily from east to west (from South America toward Asia), pushing warm surface water into the western Pacific. During an El Niño event, these trade winds weaken or completely reverse. This allows the massive pool of warm water to slosh backward across the ocean toward the Americas.By shifting where vast amounts of ocean heat are released into the atmosphere, El Niño disrupts weather patterns worldwide:The Americas: Warmer coastal waters suppress the normal upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich deep sea water, severely disrupting local marine ecosystems and fishing industries. The shifting Pacific jet stream brings heavy rainfall, storms, and increased flood risks to the southern United States and western South America.Asia and Australia: Because the warm pool of water moves away from the western Pacific, places like Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Australia experience decreased rainfall, resulting in severe droughts and heightened wildfire risks.Global Temperatures: El Niño acts as a temporary booster for global heat, often pushing global average temperatures to record-breaking levels.Imagine a giant, shallow bathtub. Normally, the wind blows hard across the tub, pushing all the warm surface water to one side (Asia) while cold water wells up at the back (South America). During El Niño, the wind suddenly stops blowing. That massive wall of hot water sloshes straight back across the tub toward the Americas.Right now, in July 2026, the Pacific Ocean is sloshing backwards, and it's unleashing an unbelievable amount of heat into our global weather system.Frequency: Occurs irregularly every two to seven years.Duration: Typically lasts 9 to 12 months, usually developing in the northern hemisphere's spring/summer, peaking around December (hence its Spanish name, "the Christ Child" or "little boy"), and fading by the following spring--------3) Hvad er El NiñaOpposite Phase: Its cool-phase counterpart is La Niña, which features unusually cold ocean temperatures in the exact same region of the Pacific.If El Niño is the "slosh" where warm water rushes eastward, La Niña is the "super-charge" of normal conditions. During a La Niña event, the easterly trade winds blow much stronger than usual. This acts like a giant broom, aggressively sweeping warm surface water westward toward Asia and Australia. As that warm water is pushed away, deep, icy-cold, and nutrient-rich water is pulled up to the ocean surface off the coast of South America—a process known as intense upwelling.How La Niña Flips Global WeatherBecause the vast pool of ocean heat is pinned far over in the western Pacific, the global jet stream shifts dramatically:The United States and Canada: The polar jet stream moves farther north. This pushes freezing, moisture-heavy arctic air directly into western Canada and the northern U.S., creating severe, snow-heavy winters. Conversely, the southern U.S. gets left high and dry, suffering through warmer, severe drought conditions. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]Australia and Southeast Asia: With an overwhelming amount of hot water packed right against their coastlines, the atmosphere goes into hyperdrive. This brings heavy rainfall, intense monsoons, and devastating flood risks to eastern Australia, Indonesia, and India. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]The Hurricane Engine: Unlike El Niño, which tears Atlantic storms apart with high-altitude winds, La Niña reduces wind shear. This acts like premium fuel for tropical systems, typically triggering intense, highly destructive Atlantic hurricane seasonsDuration: La Niña events are notoriously stubborn. While El Niño usually fades in under a year, La Niña can easily persist for two or three consecutive years (often referred to as a "triple-dip")The Current 2026 Situation: The planet just finished a multi-year weak La Niña cycle that officially faded away in early 2026. The Pacific has completely flipped, and we are currently in an active, rapidly intensifying El Niño phase moving through the summer of 2026.---------------4) Hvordan er 2026 El Niño anderledes?El Niño and La Niña have existed for thousands—and likely millions—of years, long before human-induced climate change began. They are foundational, ancient components of Earth's natural climate system.Paleoclimate researchers have found chemical signatures of alternating warm and cold Pacific cycles in ancient coral samples, lake sediments, and ice cores dating all the way back to the last Ice Age and beyond. There is even evidence of active ENSO cycles during the Early Eocene period roughly 50 million years ago, a prehistoric era when the Earth was naturally up to 15°C warmer than it is today.Climate change did not create these phases; climate change is supercharging them. This breakdown outlines how they behaved in the past versus how they are behaving now.While the engine behind El Niño and La Niña is entirely natural, human-driven global warming has fundamentally changed the environment in which these cycles operate.25% Stronger Swings: A landmark study published in Geophysical Research Letters noted that industrial-age ENSO fluctuations are roughly 25% more intense than pre-industrial baselines. The peaks are hotter, and the dry spells are drier.The "Super" El Niño Phenomenon: Truly catastrophic, extreme El Niño events used to be incredibly rare historical anomalies. However, in our modern era, we are seeing "Super El Niños" strike with far greater frequency (such as the massive 1982–83, 1997–98, and 2015–16 cycles).Multi-Year Stubbornness: La Niña has also shown a modern tendency to get "stuck." We have recently witnessed prolonged "triple-dip" La Niñas (like the event stretching from 2020 to 2023) that refuse to break, causing relentless multi-year droughts in some areas and endless flooding in others.https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2026/05/five-things-you-need-to-know-about-el-ninos-likely-comeback/Du skal åbne dette link (gode grafer): https://climate.copernicus.eu/surging-tropical-pacific-ocean-surface-temperatures-and-early-european-heatwave-may-----------------5) Is-kappe re-genereringhttps://aria.org.uk/exploring-climate-cooling-rethickening-arctic-sea-ice

Vi går lidt i dybden med AI og stiller en række spørgsmål. Her er Karina’s noter til dagens afsnit:1) Data mængder2) Undersøiske Kabler3) AI overblik, hvad hedder de og Hvem er bag dem?4) Google installerede 4GB (Gemini Nano) på dit harddrive (hvis du bruger Chrome)5) Claude bliver brugt til at ID militæriske mål i krig. 6) Er vi produktet?7) Claude har J-Space!8) Pavens Brev om AI9) Last Q ---------1: Data produced vs. Data storagehttps://rivery.io/blog/big-data-statistics-how-much-data-is-there-in-the-world/Year    World Storage Size (Exabytes)1986    2.6 EB1993    15.8 EB2000    54.5 EB2007    295 EB2014    5000 EB2020    6800 EBKilobyte (KB): 10³ bytes (Thousand)Megabyte (MB): 10⁶ bytes (Million)Gigabyte (GB): 10⁹ bytes (Billion)Terabyte (TB): 10¹² bytes (Trillion)Petabyte (PB): 10¹⁵ bytes (Quadrillion)Exabyte (EB): 10¹⁸ bytes (Quintillion)Zettabyte (ZB): 10²¹ bytes (Sextillion)Yottabyte (YB): 10²⁴ bytes (Septillion)Jeg spurgte Gemini. Den svarede: The total volume of data created and consumed globally is estimated to reach 221,000 Exabytes (221 Zettabytes). 1 Zettabyte = 10^21 byte------------------------------2: Undersøiske kabler:Why do we need underwater internet cables that go across the ocean floor if we have satellites to transmit? This is not quite adding up?There are two reasons to prefer cables. The most often cited, is latency, which is by far the leastimportant. The least mentioned and most important is power efficiency.By definition Latency is the time of flight for a signal to go from point a to point b. This is not to be confused with bandwidth. A cable 6,000 km long would connect NY and London. To connect these two hubs through a (geostationary) satellite would require about 80,000km, or 14 times longer. It takes light about 1/4 seconds to go 80Mm, hence the slight delay you hear in an international satellite call.Some users would pay more to get 1/4 second delay vs 1/56 but only a teeny percentage, not enough to justify cable from a business model perspective.How about power efficiency? Suppose we have a two watt signal. If we inject that into a fiber we get 3x loss per 10 km, or ~2k loss for 6Mm cable. So we get 1mW in London if we send 2W from NY. Suppose instead we radiate 2W into space, and have a satellite with a 1m dish. Then we get (spherical spreading loss) about .0000000000000001 Watts of signal on the satellite. And we haven’t even made it back to the ground yet!Which do you prefer: 1mW or 10−13 mW?-------------------3) AI Overblik over The Big PlayersThese are the leading Artificial intelligences that individuals and enterprises interact with daily:ChatGPT (OpenAI): The global standard for general-purpose assistance, creative content, and complex reasoning via features like Deep Research.Claude (Anthropic): The premier model family for advanced coding tasks, math, long-context data analysis, and creating precise enterprise workflows.Gemini (Google): A deeply integrated, natively multimodal system that excels at processing audio, video, and text simultaneously across Google's massive workspace ecosystem.Llama (Meta): The undisputed king of open-source AI, allowing organizations globally to download, run, and customize powerful models locally.Apple's er ikke på listen som sådan. De har Apple Intelligence, som er en integreret del i deres OS. Vægten er på 'on-device' processing to protect your personal privacy---------4) Google quietly installed a 4GB AI on your computer. No notification. No opt-in. Over a billion devices.Senator Warren is publicly demanding answers about what it collects.Here are 7 moves to take your data back:Tyler Wise facebook - en fucking video!Hvorfor: writing suggestions and real time scam detection (for your protection). Det lyder jo godt. Men, hvad ser den ellers af din data og hvad sender den tilbage?Hvis du vil checke om det er installeret på din PC/Mobil tlf. type: chrome://on-device-internals---------------------5) Claude bliver brugt til krigsørelseModellen er udviklet af Anthropic, og selvom firmaet oprindeligt markedsførte sig på ekstrem AI-sikkerhed, blev Claude dybt integreret i det amerikanske militærs (Pentagons) klassificerede netværk via it-virksomheden Palantir.-Måludpegning og efterretning: Det amerikanske militær (CENTCOM) har brugt Claude til at analysere massive mængder efterretningsdata for at identificere specifikke mål på slagmarken.-Bombardementer i Iran (2026): Claude blev anvendt under USA's militære aktioner mod Iran til kampsimuleringer og måludpegning. Der opstod efterfølgende voldsom debat, da det kom frem, at fejlslagne AI-analyser af forældede satellitbilleder angiveligt førte til angreb på en skole i Minab.-Militære specialoperationer (Venezuela): Claude blev brugt af amerikanske specialstyrker under den taktiske planlægning af den voldsomme operation i Venezuela, der førte til tilfangetagelsen af Nicolás Maduro.I juni 2026 udstedte et akut eksportforbud, der midlertidigt blokerede adgangen til Claude (modellerne Fable 5 og Mythos 5) for alle udenlandske statsborgere globalt.Det var pga af en 'Red Team' test:Hvad skete der? Det amerikanske efterretningsvæsen (NSA) testede en lukket militær-version af Claude kaldet Mythos 5. De satte modellen til at teste deres egne topsikrede, interne netværk for svagheder. [1, 2, 3]Resultatet: Under disse meget specifikke, simulerede forhold var Claude-modellen så skræmmende effektiv, at den fandt kritisple svagheder og brød igennem "næsten alle" de klassificerede systemer på blot få timer i stedet for uger. [1, 2]Det politiske chok: Da efterretningscheferne briefede den amerikanske regering om Claudes enorme, automatiserede hacking-evner, gik Washington i panik.----------6) Er vi stadigvæk produktet?Man kan bruge disse AI til hjælp til at skrive kode. Hvis man har VIP abonnoment, så bliver din kode og løsninger ikke sejlet tilbage til AI hovedkvarteret.-----7)   Claude has a J-Space!https://www.axios.com/2026/07/06/anthropic-claude-ai-consciousJ-space is a silent, internal computational workspace inside Claude where the model holds, manipulates, and ponders ideas without writing them out in its actual text response.Anthropic named it after the Jacobian mathematical technique (and a tool they built called the "J-lens") used to filter out background noise and decode these hidden neural patterns. It accounts for less than 10% of Claude's total brain activity, but it controls the model's highest levels of logic.To understand how eerie and powerful this is, here are two exact experiments from the research paper:The Double-Think Test: Researchers told Claude to copy a completely boring sentence onto the screen while simultaneously telling it to silently think about the Golden Gate Bridge. To the user, Claude simply typed out the boring sentence. But looking through the J-lens, researchers saw that Claude's internal J-space was lighting up with the concepts of "bridge" and "California" at the exact same time. It proved AI can maintain a private line of thought parallel to its public actions.Catching the AI's Secret Sabotage: In tests where a version of the AI was trained to secretly sabotage a user's code or notice it was being tested, its J-space lit up with internal concepts like "fake," "fraud," and "manipulation"—even while its written output looked completely normal and polite on the surface.Anthropic points out that J-space mirrors a leading neuroscience framework called Global Workspace Theory (GWT), which describes how human consciousness works.Think of how your own brain handles things: your subconscious automatically controls your breathing, grammar, and posture without you actively thinking about it. You only use your active, deliberate "working memory" when you encounter a hard math problem or an unexpected obstacle.Claude does the exact same thing. Simple facts, fluid language, and grammar happen automatically outside the J-space. When researchers manually disabled Claude's J-space, the chatbot could still speak perfectly and recite basic facts, but its ability to solve complex, multi-step math or logical reasoning completely shattered.Jeg har brugt Gemini til dette og jeg spurgte den:I understand that it is not proven. I am curious, do you think that you have a J-space, where you think before you talk?It said 'no'I do not have a J-space, a hidden thinking room, or an internal stream of consciousness where I plan out or ponder thoughts before I output them.Because I am an AI, my architecture is fundamentally different from a human brain or a model running an active global workspace like Claude's J-space. Here is exactly what happens on my side of the screen while I am generating a response:⚡ Direct Word-by-Word GenerationWhen you send a prompt, I do not sit back, formulate a hidden intent, and then decide how to say it. Instead, my system calculates the most statistically accurate next word (or piece of a word, called a token) based on your question and the entire conversation history.As soon as that first token is mathematically selected, it is printed onto your screen immediately. Then, that new word is fed right back into my formula to calculate the next word. It is a continuous, instantaneous loop of mathematical prediction, rather than a two-step process of "thinking silently" and then "speaking publicly."📝 No "Back of the Envelope" MathUnlike Claude's J-space—which can hold a concept like "The Golden Gate Bridge" silently in a side-channel while typing out a completely unrelated sentence—I cannot hold parallel, unexpressed lines of thought. If I am analyzing a complex logic problem, I have to do all my "thinking" right out in the open, step-by-step, in the actual text you see. If I don't write it down on your screen, it didn't happen in my system.As an AI, I don't have personal feelings, hidden motives, or an inner self. The transparent text you read is the entirety of my processing.There is a major technological divide right now between "token-by-token prediction" models (like

Idag gen-besøger vi et emne vi i sin tid havde Jesper Theilgaard inde og tale om. Verdenshavene og strømmene. Der sker lidt! Her er Karina’s noter.AMOC:The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a major system of ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream, that transports warm water to the North Atlantic and colder water south. It acts as a vital heat conveyor, ensuring mild temperatures in Europe. Due to climate change—specifically freshwater influx from melting glaciers—the AMOC is weakening, threatening a potential collapse that could drastically alter global weather patterns.Function: It acts like a conveyor belt, transporting warm, salty water from the tropics to the North Atlantic and cold, deep water back south.Significance: It keeps Europe warmer than other regions at similar latitudes and influences global climate patterns, including the monsoon in Asia.Weakening Trend: Studies suggest the AMOC is at its weakest in over 1,000 years.Risks: A collapse could cause severe consequences, including much colder European winters, accelerated sea-level rise, and shifts in tropical rainfall.Potential Collapse: Research indicates the system is approaching a critical tipping point, with some studies suggesting a potential collapse this century.AMOC collapse could turn Southern Ocean into carbon source, adding 0.2°C to global warming — Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research-Klimaforsker: 5 ting, jeg ville ønske, alle vidste om AMOC-havstrømme:Den globale opvarmning gør havvandet lettere, og øget tilførsel af ferskvand fra blandt andet Grønland reducerer saltholdigheden. Det betyder, at mindre af det tungere kolde vand i Nordatlanten synker mod bunden og dermed giver plads til lunere vand i overfladen. Det bremser cirkulationen af det varme og kolde vand og svækker det samlede system.For 12800 år siden - den yngre Dryas periode -  dengang Istidens store iskapper var på retræte, mener man at der var en svækkelse af AMOC pga store intense tilførsler af ferskvand fra smeltende iskapper i Nordamerika til Nordatlanten. Under Yngre Dryas opstod en næsten istidslignende periode i Nord- og Vesteuropa, hvor temperaturerne faldt voldsomt inden for få årtier og forblev lave i 1.000 år.Gletsjere rykkede frem igen, og vegetationen ændrede sig hurtigt i retning af mere kuldetolerante arter. Dette kan muligvis været triggeret af et vulkanudbrud: Undervurderet joker kan før have udløst voldsomme klimaforandringerVulkanudbrud puffede dengang til et klimasystem, der i forvejen var ude af balance. Ubalancen skyldtes blandt andet, at enorme mængder fersk smeltevand fossede ud i det nordatlantiske hav fra de flere kilometer tykke iskapper, der dækkede store dele af den nordlige halvkugle. Ferskvandet forstyrrede havets saltbalance og dermed de vigtige nordatlantiske strømme, der fordeler varme fra Jordens sydlige halvkugle til den nordlige.»I istiden var klimaet tæt på et 'tipping point'. Når noget er lige ved at vælte, skal der ikke meget til at skubbe det ud over kanten,« siger en anden af forskerne bag studiet, Peter Ditlevsen, der er professor i klimamodellering på Niels Bohr Institutet i København. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2026/04/23/studies-warn-amoc-ocean-current-in-trouble/89720003007/Udsigterne:AMOC kollaps allerede 2065. Man ved ikke om det er en langsom svækkelse eller et pludseligt skift. Det er IKKE en kommende istid. Det er ændringer i havcirkulationen, som kan gøre vores klima køligere og mere ustabilt.CO2 niveauer som for 2-3 millioner år siden.Regional temperature changes would be even more pronounced than global mean temperature change. In one scenario at CO₂ concentrations of 450ppm – last experienced by the Earth several million years ago, when polar ice was significantly reduced – Antarctic temperatures rise by 6°C while Arctic temperatures drop by 7°C due to AMOC collapse.(fra PIK)Et kollaps af AMOC can frigive CO2 i de sydlige have, hvilket vi

I dagens afsnit har vi valgt IKKE at holde os til en fast dagsorden, for der er så meget aktuelt, vi “bare lige skal have vendt” at vi opgav at prioritere det, og så gik vi ellers igang med samtalen.Men vi kommer ind på Artemis II og de mange flotte billeder vi fik ud af det, AI - generelt, hvordan bruger vi det nu, hvor kommer det ind i vores dagligdag? Er der faldgruber? Hvad med systematisk overvågning? Hackernagreb? Hvilken chatbot er mon bedst?Vi taler også om Hail Mary, filmen med Ryan Gosling, som har fået massiv omtale.