2 Complicated 4 History

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Innovation Historian Jason Voiovich to explore how many of today’s iconic products, entertainment, and cultural heroes trace their origins to the Great Depression. This era once again demonstrates that hardship often paves the road to innovation.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:12 - The Role of a Fractional Chief Officer 3:54 - Understanding Innovations Throughout History 6:07 - The Difference Between History and Memory 6:42 - What is Jason’s Book About, How Jason Tells Stories Differently, and How The Great Depression Was A Time of Innovation 12:14 - When Was The Great Depression and Why Was it “Great”? 18:58 - The Psychological Impacts of the Great Depression 20:32 - The Psychological Impacts of the Great Depression 20:32 - The Refrigerator: A Symbol of Change 27:28 - Lessons from The Great Depression 32:09 - The Impact of Change on Innovation and Embracing Innovation in Difficult times 36:53 - Photography as a Means of Immortality and The Impact of Color in Visual Storytelling 45:10 - Documenting History: The Role of Photography in The Great Depression 48:47 - The Surprising Origins of Monopoly 01:01:23 - Exploring Diverse Topics In Innovation History   EPISODE LINKS: Jason Voiovich - https://jasontvoiovich.com/ Substack - https://innovationhistory.substack.com/p/rededicating-innovation-history?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web Bullfrogs, Bingo, and the Little House on the Prairie: How Innovators of the Great Depression Made the Best of the Worst of Times - TBD Great Depression - https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Depression Scarface and the Untouchable - https://www.harpercollins.com/products/scarface-and-the-untouchable-max-allan-collinsa-brad-schwartz?variant=32207533146146 Florida Land Boom - https://tampabayhistorycenter.org/exhibit/sharps-marks-in-paradise-selling-florida-in-the-1920s/ Dust Bowl - https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/dust-bowl/ The Grapes of Wrath - https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Grapes-of-Wrath Rahm Emanuel - https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/e000287 Snow White - https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/snow-white-radio Monopoly - https://www.britannica.com/sports/Monopoly-board-game Lizzie Magie - https://blogs.bl.uk/business/2023/03/lizzie-magie-and-the-history-of-monopoly-1.html Charles Darrow - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-B-Darrow Father Coughlin - https://exhibitions.ushmm.org/americans-and-the-holocaust/personal-story/charles-coughlin   PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Megan Kate Nelson to explore the history of Yellowstone, America’s first national park, and its pivotal role in shaping the nation’s identity in the aftermath of a brutal civil war. As the country’s vision expanded westward, however, not everyone was included in the new national narrative.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 2:13 - What First Interested In Yellowstone? 8:27 - Understanding Reconstruction and It’s Impacts 14:55 - Federal Power and The Creations of National Parks 23:31 - Settler Colonialism and Transformation of the West 29:25 - Visual Culture and The Creation of the West 32:32 - The Role of Photography in Documenting Yellowstone 40:58 - The Yellowstone Act: Establishing AMerican’s First National Park 44:12 - The Unique Geology and Identity of America 48:16 - The Foundations of American Exceptionalism 50:54 - The Exclusion of Indigenous and Minority Voices 52:57 - Renaming and Recognizing Indigenous Histories 57:41 - The Importance of Context in Historical narratives 59:05 - Narrative History: Bridging the Past and Present   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Megan Kate Nelson – http://www.megankatenelson.com Saving Yellowstone – https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Saving-Yellowstone/Megan-Kate-Nelson/9781982141356 The Great Courses – Stories of America’s National Parks – https://www.thegreatcourses.com/professors/megan-kate-nelson The Three-Cornered War – https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Three-Cornered-War/Megan-Kate-Nelson/9781501152559 Ferdinand Hayden – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Vandiveer-Hayden Yellowstone National Park – https://www.nps.gov/yell/index.htm Grand Teton National Park – https://www.nps.gov/grte/index.htm Glacier National Park – https://www.nps.gov/glac/index.htm Reconstruction – https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconstruction-United-States-history Yellowstone Act (1872) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/act-establishing-yellowstone-national-park Sitting Bull – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sitting-Bull Battle of the Rosebud – https://fwp.mt.gov/stateparks/rosebud-battlefield/ Battle of Little Bighorn – https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Little-Bighorn Homestead Act (1862) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/homestead-act#:~:text=The%20Homestead%20Act%2C%20enacted%20during,plot%20by%20cultivating%20the%20land. Pacific Railway Act (1862) – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/pacific-railway-act Continental Reckoning: The American West in the Age of Expansion by Elliott West – https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska/9781496233585/continental-reckoning/ Thomas Moran – https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1730.html William Henry Jackson – https://www.nps.gov/people/william-henry-jackson.htm Jackson’s Photos – https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/slidefile/history/jacksonphotos/page.htm Jupiter Terrace – https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/45207 Crimes against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation by Karl Jacoby – https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt629020bd&brand=ucpress “The Scientist Turned Spy” with Dr. Patrick Spero – https://youtu.be/1YOyU11e8K8?si=wv58qKQboF2246Ry Mammoth Cave of Kentucky – https://www.nps.gov/maca/index.htm Mesa Verde National Park – https://www.nps.gov/meve/planyourvisit/index.htm     PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast   To learn more about listener data ...

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Mills Kelly to explore the origins of the Appalachian Trail, the lives it touched, and a long-forgotten section in Virginia. While the trail invited people into the wilderness, it also fostered connections among them. As one poet aptly put it, "In the mountains, the mind becomes the heart." Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 3:21 - The Appalachian Trail: A Historical Overview 6:39 - Benton MacKaye's Vision for the Trail 10:08 - The Challenges of Trail Development 15:01 - The Route Through Southwestern Virginia 22:19 - The Controversial Trail Leader 25:24 - Land Ownership and Trail Access 28:54 - Cultural Exchange and Hiker Hospitality 32:06 - Economic Impact of the Appalachian Trail 36:27 - Visualizing the Appalachian Trail 41:04 - The Evolution of the Trail 43:27 - Personal Connections and Community 47:38 - The Friends You Make Along the Way 54:40 - Bridging Political Divides through Shared Experiences EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Mills Kelly: https://millskelly.net Virginia’s Lost Appalachian Trail: https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/products/9781467153393/?queryID=574fdb827000a9ce82f22687c79d8374&objectID=9781467153393&insightsIndex=arcadia-publishing_products Virginia’s Lost AT: https://virginiaslostat.org/ The Green Tunnel: https://www.r2studios.org/show/the-green-tunnel/ Franklin County, Virginia: https://franklincountyvahistoricalsociety.org The Long Trail, Vermont: https://www.greenmountainclub.org/the-long-trail/ Benton MacKaye: https://appalachiantrailhistory.org/exhibits/show/builders/bmackaye Shirley Center, MA: https://shirleyhistory.org/about/shirley-center/ Betty MacKaye: https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1008297941 Myron Avery: https://appalachiantrailhistory.org/exhibits/show/builders/mavery Smokey Mountain Diner: https://visitmadisoncounty.com/smoky-mountain-diner/ Fries, Virginia: https://musicofourmountains.com/fries-and-the-washington-mill/ Floyd, Virginia: https://www.floydcova.gov/history Shenandoah National Park: https://www.snptrust.org/about-us/mission-history/shenandoah-history/ Pacific Crest Trail: https://www.pcta.org/about-us/history/ Washington and Jefferson National Forests: https://www.virginia.org/things-to-do/outdoors/national-forests-and-recreation-areas/george-washington-and-jefferson-national-forests/ Iron Mountain Trail: https://www.hikingproject.com/trail/7033608/iron-mountain-trail Lake View Restaurant: https://lakeview.top Franklin County, Virginia: https://www.franklincountyva.gov/575/History-of-Franklin-County New River: https://dwr.virginia.gov/waterbody/new-river/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Philip Thompson to discuss the history of espionage and the psychological motivations behind becoming an international spy. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Coming Up 1:09 - Introductions 3:48 - The M.I.C.E. Framework: Understanding Spy Motivations 7:21 - The Background of Spies: Who Becomes a Spy? 10:05 - Psychological Factors in Espionage 13:15 - Ideology vs. Money: The Dual Motivations of Spies 24:56 -Case Studies: The Rosenbergs and Their Impact 28:42 - Case Studies: George Blake and the Consequence of Compromise 32:23 - The Complexity of Coercion in Espionage 42:46 - The Role of Women in Espionage History 47:49 - Ego as a Motivating Factor in Spying 52:00 - Case Studies: Edward Snowden, Noble Convictions or Ego? 57:36 - Evolution of Espionage Frameworks 1:01:20 -The Intersection of Fiction and Reality in Spy Culture 1:04:38 - Understanding M.I.C.E. in Personal Life 01:06:21 - Historical Sites to Visit EPISODE LINKS: Philip Thompson YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@PhilipThompson Project Slammer - https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP87-00812R000200070011-7.pdf Aldrich Ames - https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/aldrich-ames John Walker - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Walker-American-spy The Cambridge Spies - https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/spies_cambridge.shtml Anthony Blunt - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anthony-Blunt J. Edgar Hoover - https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-Edgar-Hoover Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/11/russian-spies-britain-oleg-gordievsky Julius and Ethel Rosenberg - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Rosenberg-and-Ethel-Rosenberg David Greenglass - https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/david-greenglass/ George Blake - https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Blake-British-diplomat-and-Soviet-spy 2C4H Lavender Scare - https://youtu.be/PjXYDJW5LF8?si=MUqlIZOke0-17yiq Alan Turing - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Turing Mata Hari - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mata-Hari-Dutch-dancer-and-spy Special Operations Executive (SOE) Women Spies - https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-Female-Spies-Of-SOE/ Virginia Hall - https://beta.nationalarchives.gov.uk/explore-the-collection/stories/virginia-hall/ Robert Hanssen - https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/robert-hanssen Edward Snowden - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Snowden RASCLS - https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-1/an-alternative-framework-for-agent-recruitment-from-mice-to-rascls/ Jonathan Pollard - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jonathan-Pollard International Spy Museum - https://www.spymuseum.org/ Burlington Bunker - https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/burlington-bunker PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Jane E. Calvert to discuss the lesser known and under appreciated founder John Dickinson. Find out why Dickinson should be placed alongside the names Washington, Adams, and Jefferson in U.S. history books. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Sneak Peak/Introductions 2:22 - Why John Dickinson? 5:48 - Who Was John Dickinson 9:24 - How Prolific Was He? 22:46 - The Role of Ordinary People in the Revolution 29:15 - Dickinson’s Pen Name and Its Implications 41:24 - Drafting The Articles of Confederation 43:52 - A Man Who Had His Hand In Everything 45:19 - The One Person Who Brought The United States Into Being 53:29 - Dickinson’s Later Years and Legacy 58:39 - Where to Find Jane? 1:01:46 - Dickinson Sites To Visit EPISODE LINKS: Jane E. Calvert, PhD – https://www.drjaneecalvert.org Penman of the Founding – A Biography of John Dickinson - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/penman-of-the-founding-9780197541692?cc=us&lang=en&  The John Dickinson Writings Project - https://www.jdproject.org Quakers - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Society-of-Friends Stamp Act – https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/stamp-act-1765 Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/ Religion and the American Revolution - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel03.html#:~:text=Religion%20played%20a%20major%20role,in%20the%20sight%20of%20God. John Dickinson, Conservative Revolutionary - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-american-studies/article/abs/milton-e-flower-john-dickinson-conservative-revolutionary-charlottesville-virginia-the-univ-press-of-virginia-for-the-friends-of-the-john-dickinson-mansion-1983-2750-pp-xii-338/597B92DD95F124DAB8EBB9DBD25EF68B The Cost of Liberty: The Life of John Dickinson - https://www.regnery.com/9781684515479/cost-of-liberty/ Edmund Burke - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmund-Burke-British-philosopher-and-statesman John Adams - https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/John-Adams/David-McCullough/9780743223133 The Whig Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Whig-Party Benjamin Lay - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/quaker-comet-greatest-abolitionist-never-heard-180964401/ John Woolman - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Woolman Mary Norris Dickinson - https://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2011/05/mary-norris-dickinson.html John Dickinson Plantation - https://www.nps.gov/frst/planyourvisit/john-dickinson-plantation.htm  Stenton - https://www.stenton.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Kathleen DuVal to discuss the history of Native Americans over a millennium. Dr. DuVal reveals history from natives’ perspectives, turning the well-known eurocentric view of world history on its head. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:25 - What Made You Decide to Take On Such a Large Timeline? 4:14 - Where Do You Start? 8:46 - Navigating The Correct Terminology 11:56 - What Was America Like in 1006? 15:03 - Major Differences? Animal husbandry?  16:18 - The Fallacy of European Advancement 18:01 - How Much Of This Work Overlapped with Archeology? 22:12 - Did Anything from the Pre-contact Period Change Your Perception of the Time? 25:21 - Anything From The Recent Centuries that Surprised You? 29:06 - How Did This Penetrate West Into The Continent 32:44 - The Historiography of Native History  35:55 - The Native Perspective On Their History 38:11 - The Importance of Telling These Stories 39:17 - Who Belongs: Race vs Citizenship 41:38 - Lynn’s Favorite Quote From the Book 44:45 - How Do You Deal With History That Isn’t What You Wished It to Be? 49:35 - Was Your Goal to Get People to Empathize? 53:39 - Historical (Web)Sites You Should Visit 56:07 - TV Shows & Films That Are Good Representations 57:23 - Where You Can Find Kathleen DuVal EPISODE LINKS: Kathleen DuVal – https://history.unc.edu/faculty-members/kathleen-duval/; https://kathleenduval.web.unc.edu Native Nations: A Millennium in North America - https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/575441/native-nations-by-kathleen-duval/# 1006 Supernova - https://www.nasa.gov/universe/supernova-remnant-sn-1006/ Medieval Warm Period - https://www.britannica.com/science/medieval-warm-period Moundville Archeology – https://moundville.museums.ua.edu Cherokee History – https://www.cherokee.org Mohawk History – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mohawk Colonialism – https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/ Blood Quantum - https://nativegov.org/resources/blood-quantum-and-sovereignty-a-guide/ Settler Colonialism – https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/settler_colonialism#:~:text=The%20concept%20of%20settler%20colonialism,with%20a%20new%20settler%20population. Ruth Muskrat - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/articles/read-a-speech-by-a-native-american-activist-from-the-early-1920s/ Jenny Tone-Pah-Hote – https://uncpress.org/book/9781469643663/crafting-an-indigenous-nation/ Reservation Dogs - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13623580/ Rutherford Falls - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11058054/ Resident Alien - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8690918/ Kathleen DuVal on X (formerly Twitter) - @KathleenADuVal PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Patrick Spero to discuss an obscure French scientist who became a spy in the newly formed United States. Who was Andres Michaux? And how did Thomas Jefferson participate in the conspiracy that history forgot? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 4:08 - The Document That Inspired The Book 7:45 - Who was André Michaux 13:16 - André Michaux In America 16:28- André Michaux’s Most Daring Expedition 18:41- André Michaux’s Transforming Places Around The World 19:45 - André Michaux’s Setting His Sights West 21:23 - What Was The Pitching Process Like? 26:17 - A Bad Start 28:15 - The Policy Towards France and His Impact 31:54 - Did Anyone Else Know What He was Doing? 34:21 - Did Jefferson Know and What Happens Next? 37:56 - Are They Successful? 43:26 - How Does This Saga End?  47:17 - The Modern Day Conspiracy 48:46 - Did This Book Change Your Perspective on the Era? 51:09 - Where You Can Find Patrick  EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Patrick Spero – http://www.patrickspero.com Scientist Turned Spy: André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the Conspiracy of 1793 - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/10032/ American Philosophical Society - https://www.amphilsoc.org/user/35 Andres Michaux Subscription List - https://www.amphilsoc.org/item-detail/michaux-expedition-subscription-list-0 Lewis and Clark Expedition - https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/lewis-clark Michaux Botanical Garden, South Carolina - http://www.tipton-haynes.org/research/history/andre-michaux/ Michaux Botanical Garden, New Jersey - https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2021/02/03/north-american-sylva-and-the-lost-garden-of-new-jersey/ North American journeys - https://www.michaux.org/journey.htm Michaux in Canada - https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/michaux_andre_5E.html John Bartram - https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Philosophical-Society William Bartram - https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/william-bartram/ Benjamin Smith Barton - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/benjamin-smith-barton/ David Rittenhouse - https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Rittenhouse Caspar Wistar - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/caspar-wistar/ Benjamin Rush - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Rush Edmond Genet - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edmond-Charles-Genet Citizen Genet Affair - https://www.britannica.com/event/Citizen-Genet-Affair French Revolution - https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution Monticello - https://www.monticello.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Lindsay Chervinsky to examine John Adams’ presidency and the peaceful transfer of power in the nascent United States. How has Adams’ legacy echoed through successive presidential administrations? And how did Adams secure the survival of the republic? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:51 - Why Adams? 4:48 - What Do We Need to Know About Adams? 14:43 - How Did People React to Adams Winning the Election? 17:25 - Was Jefferson’s Election as Important? 20:31 - What Did Adams Do During His Presidency? 27:22 - Was Adams a Moderate? 30:42 - What We Remember About Adams’ Presidency 38:29 - Adams vs the Press 43:36 - How Did people Feel About Adams After His First Term?  46:26 - The Complexity of the Contested Election of 1800 52:21 - How Did the Second Election Go?  55:54 - Reflecting on January 6th and Peaceful Transfers of Power 1:02:52 - Where Can You Find Lindsay EPISODE LINKS: Lindsay M. Chervinsky - https://www.lindsaychervinsky.com Making the Presidency - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/making-the-presidency-9780197653845?cc=us&lang=en& Dr. Chervinsky’s newsletter - https://perfectunion.substack.com The George Washington Presidential Library - https://www.mountvernon.org/library George Washington’s Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org Abigail Adams - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams Thomas Hobbs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hobbes Franklin miniseries - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18351584/ John Jay - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jay “I am fairly out and you fairly in!” - https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17970305ja Democratic-Republican Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party Federalist Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Thomas Jefferson - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Jefferson Election of 1800 - https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/election-of-1800.html Alien and Sedition Acts - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts#:~:text=Passed%20in%20preparation%20for%20an,brink%20of%20war%20with%20France. George H.W. Bush - https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-H-W-Bush Noah Webster - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer James A. Bayard -https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000249 Samuel Smith - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Smith PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Charles Fournier to discuss Ernest Hemingway, his constructed identity, and vernacular landscapes. Hemingway looked up to Theodore Roosevelt and a romanticized, masculine version of the West, but he put on an entirely different persona in Europe. Who was the genuine Hemingway? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:41 - Why Ernest Hemingway? 7:25 - Learning More About Hemingway. 10:40 - Defining Vernacular Landscapes and Hemingway in the West 18:59 - What I Expected is Not What I Got When I Met Hemingway  10:49 - How Michael Became Interest in Oglethorpe 22:37 - The Tension Between Hemingway's Desire for Fame and Authenticity 32:21 - Persona vs Authenticity 37:44 - The Persistent Effect of His Persona and Is There Anyone Like Him Today? 43:01 - Writing Styles & The Mythos of the West 53:26 - Historical Sites in Wyoming 55:20 - Where You Can Find Charles EPISODE LINKS: Podcast: Those Who Can’t Teach Anymore - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/those-who-cant-teach-anymore/id1646723683 Podcast: The Modern West - https://www.themodernwest.org Look Out For: New Podcast with Diego Javier Luis! Ernest Hemingway - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants - https://jerrywbrown.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Hills-Like-White-Elephants-Hemingway-Ernest.pdf Big Two-Hearted River - https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/inourtime/section14/ A Moveable Feast – https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/a-moveable-feast-ernest-hemingway/1100213865 Langston Hughes – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Langston-Hughes Hemingway and the Black Renaissance – https://ohiostatepress.org/books/titles/9780814211779.html Gertrude Stein - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gertrude-Stein Ezra Pound - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ezra-Pound James Joyce - https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Joyce F. Scott Fitzgerald - https://www.britannica.com/biography/F-Scott-Fitzgerald Vernacular Landscapes - https://www.tclf.org/vernacular-landscapes Owen Wister - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Owen-Wister Edward Abbey - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Abbey Zane Grey - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zane-Grey Old Man and the Sea - https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Old-Man-and-the-Sea-novel-by-Hemingway Hemingway’s plane crashes - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hemingway-and-his-wife-survived-two-plane-crashes-just-one-day-apart-180982884/ Hemingway and World War I - https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/spring/hemingway.html Hunter S. Thompson - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hunter-S-Thompson Hemingway with fish - https://www.anglersjournal.com/saltwater/fighting-big-fish-with-ernest-hemingway The Sun Also Rises - https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Sun-Also-Rises Karen Russell - https://karenrussellauthor.com Finnegans Wake - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Finnegans-Wake Paul Cezanne - https://www.paulcezanne.org Cheyenne Frontier Days - https://cfdrodeo.com Empire, Wyoming - https://www.nps.gov/places/empire-wyoming.htm PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Michael L. Thurmond to discuss James Oglethorpe, the founder of the only British American colony that prohibited chattel slavery prior to the Revolutionary War. Oglethorpe should be considered a founding father; so why is he largely forgotten today? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:42 - Who is James Oglethorpe 2:33 - How is James Oglethorp Taught in Georgia Schools? 6:19 - The Known Immorality Around Chattel Slavery 9:18 - Anti-Slavery vs Abolitionist Views 10:49 - How Michael Became Interest in Oglethorpe 14:08 - Digging Deeper 16:08 - What Sources Did Michael Use? 19:03 - What Did The Letter Say!?!? 21:40 - Oglethorpe’s Anti-Slavery Motivations 24:06 - Religiosity and Slavery 30:00 - Dr. Thomas Bray and the Bray Schools 32:55 - John Wesley and the Methodist Church 34:00 - How Did the Legal Status of Slavery Change in Georgia? 38:33 - Oglethorpe’s Legacy, The Lost Cause and the Reaction to the Book 47:05 - They Knew 50:52 - Acknowledging Our Mistakes and Being Better 59:14 - Where You can Find Michael EPISODE LINKS: Micheal L. Thurmond - https://michaelthurmond.net James Oglethorpe, Father of Georgia: A Founder’s Journey from Slave Trader to Abolitionist - https://ugapress.org/book/9780820366043/james-oglethorpe-father-of-georgia/ James E. Oglethorpe - https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Edward-Oglethorpe Abolitionism – https://www.britannica.com/topic/abolitionism-European-and-American-social-movement Georgia history – https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state Cranham Hall – https://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/digital/collection/ajc/id/720/ All Saints – https://allsaintschurchcranham.co.uk/history/ Royal African Company – https://transcription.si.edu/project/29682 Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (Job Ben Soloman) – https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bluett/summary.html  Anti-slavery and religion – https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african-american-odyssey/abolition.html Bray Schools – https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/associates-of-dr-bray/ John Wesley – https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wesley Battle of Bloody Marsh – https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/battle-of-bloody-marsh/ Granville Sharp – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Granville-Sharp Olaudah Equiano – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olaudah-Equiano Hannah More – https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hannah-more-a-woman-of-letters/ The Lost Cause – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lost-Cause PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Tore Olsson to explore the wildly popular video game Red Dead Redemption 2. How does it reflect the history of the West, a world of the first megacorporations, the labor movement, and infamous characters like Jesse James? And what can we learn from it today? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 3:10 - How Historically Accurate is Red Dead Redemption? 8:45 - Biggest Inaccuracies 14:44 - Disputes Over Capitalism 17:06 - Defining the American West 18:43 - How Did This Become a College Course? 30:44 - Was the Course Effective? 32:51 - History Has a Lot of Lore and Crafting a Book 34:40 - 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition 41:37 - The Anxiety of a Changing System and Losing Masculinity 45:56 - TR’s Obsession with American Masculinity 47:40 - The Role of the Transcontinental Railroad 51:15 - Who Were the Pinkertons? 55:41 - The Southern Stories  01:00:35 - The Fictionalization of the Time Period 01:03:01 - Audiobook Version! 01:04:46 - Historic Sites to Visit and Where you can find Tore EPISODE LINKS: Tore Olsson – https://history.utk.edu/person/olsson-tore/ Red Dead's History: A Video Game, an Obsession, and America's Violent Past – https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250287700/reddeadshistory Audiobook - https://www.audible.com/pd/Red-Deads-History-Audiobook/B0CKM6FB83 Red Dead Redemption 2 – https://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/red-dead-redemption-2 Pinkerton Detective Agency – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pinkerton-National-Detective-Agency Labor Movement – https://www.loc.gov/collections/american-federation-of-labor-records/articles-and-essays/timeline/ Jesse James – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesse-James-and-Frank-James Wild Bill Hickok – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok John D. Rockefeller – https://www.britannica.com/money/John-D-Rockefeller Dr. Olsson’s class - https://history.utk.edu/tore-olsson-in-the-conversation-why-i-turned-the-red-dead-redemption-ii-video-game-into-a-history-class-on-americas-violent-past/ Oregon Trail – https://oregontrail.ws Chicago World’s Fair – https://www.britannica.com/event/Worlds-Columbian-Exposition Frederick Jackson Turner – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Jackson-Turner Theodore Roosevelt – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt History of “Dude” – https://blog.oup.com/2022/12/dude-a-long-history-of-a-short-word/ Allen Pinkerton – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Allan-Pinkerton Lynching of Sicilians in New Orleans – https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1148&context=hon_thesis Deadwood, South Dakota – https://www.deadwood.com/  PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Christian McWhirter to explore the world of music during the American Civil War. We still know many of the popular songs today; but what did they mean to soldiers and civilians of the 1860s? And what does Abraham Lincoln’s taste in music say about him and his era? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 3:53 - The Music Industry During the Civil War 7:56 - What Happened to The Harpsichord? 10:17 - The History of Songs We Know Today from the Civil War 19:31 - Communal and Individual Music 22:09 - Did the Civil War Make Music More Political? 27:10 - Minstrelsy and Black Music in the South  41:34 - The Importance of Cultural Context  44:48 - Lincoln’s Relationship with Music 55:25 - Lincoln’s Engagement with Black Music 1:00:40 - What Historic Sites You Should Visit 1:05:45 - Where to Find Dr. McWhirter? EPISODE LINKS:. Battle Hymns: The Power and Popularity of Music in the Civil War – https://uncpress.org/book/9781469613673/battle-hymns/ Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum - https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov Dixie lyrics – https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-dixie The Battle Cry of Freedom - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-battle-cry-freedom-southern-version The Battle Hymn of the Republic – https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-battle-hymn-republic Marching Through George – https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sheetmusic/898/ John Brown’s Body – https://history.iowa.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/abolitionist-movement/john-browns-body-song Bonnie Blue Flag - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-bonnie-blue-flag Just Before the Battle Mother - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-just-battle-mother Stephen Foster - https://songofamerica.net/song/camptown-races/ Oh, Susanna – https://songofamerica.net/song/oh-susanna/ Camptown Races – https://songofamerica.net/song/camptown-races/ Mad Men Minstrel Episode - https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/mad-men-blackface-episode-roger-sterling-don-draper-imdb-tv-a9596921.html American Discord: The Republic and Its People in the Civil War Era - Chapter regarding music about Lincoln – https://lsupress.org/9780807169698/american-discord/ Abraham Lincoln to Mary Lincoln, 2 July 1848 - https://papersofabrahamlincoln.org/documents/D200505 They Knew Lincoln - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/they-knew-lincoln-9780190270964?cc=se&lang=en& ALPLM Blog - https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov/blog Edwards Place - https://www.edwardsplace.org Dana-Thomas House - https://dana-thomas.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Lucy Smith to explore the history of dentistry and the evolving meanings that humans have projected onto this part of the body. How were teeth extracted before dentists—and before Novocain? When did “perfect” teeth become so important? And what in the world were George Washington’s dentures made of, if not wood? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 3:23 - Why Teeth? 5:20 - Were George Washington’s Teeth Wood? 9:52 - The Concerns Around Tooth Aches 11:18 - Have People Always Felt This Way About Teeth? 18:21 - Dental Care Before Dentists 25:27 - Anesthetic? 27:18 - When Did Teeth Start to Matter? 32:22 - Teeth and Being a Good American 37:49 - Losing Teeth 39:46 - What Were The Dentures Made of? 45:39 - Where Were All the Teeth Coming From? 1:00:00 - Historic Sites to Visit 1:03:55 - Where You can Find Lucy EPISODE LINKS: University of Michigan graduate history department – https://lsa.umich.edu/history/graduates/lucy-smith--st--louis--mo.html Contact information – https://lsa.umich.edu/history/people/graduate-students/lksmit.html Michael Twitty – https://afroculinaria.com/about/ George Washington’s dentures – https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/health/washingtons-teeth Caravaggio, The Tooth-Drawer – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caravaggio,_Michelangelo_Merisi_da_-_The_Tooth-Drawer-_1607-09.jpg Josiah Wedgewood – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josiah-Wedgwood Ivory Waterloo teeth – https://www.vanleestantiques.com/product/ivory-artificial-waterloo-teeth-c-1800/ False Teeth – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/false-teeth John Greenwood – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-greenwood-1760-1819 A Famine of Cadavers episode – https://open.spotify.com/episode/4yF0H8gf2tn3IvJRXQtO3D?si=6d2ccb7338624caa National Dentistry Museum – https://www.dentalmuseum.com Brown Bag Lunch featuring Library Fellow Lucy Smith - https://www.youtube.com/live/X7F_3l0o_fQ?si=bjIia_ZuqvoT12V6 Lunch and Learn: Mouth to Mouth: The Tooth Trade in Washington’s World – https://youtu.be/lfyyQ43Z5Cw?si=HaK4zUAWgoSVKnnK The Object of History Podcast episode: “Holding the Atlantic World in his Mouth”: George Washington, an MHS Portrait, and the Culture of Teeth in the 18th Century – https://www.masshist.org/podcast/season-3-episode-1-washingtons-teeth The Costs of an All-American Smile – https://rackham.umich.edu/discover-rackham/allamericansmile/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. John A. Ragosta to discuss the transition of Patrick Henry from Revolutionary Firebrand to Federalist candidate. Did the hyperpartisanship of the 1790s fuel this apparent switch? And did it also prevent the newly created United States from plunging into a civil war? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  Note: The thoughts, views, opinions, and intellectual property expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Naval History and Heritage Command, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:57 - How Close We Were to a Civil War in the 1790s 3:03 - The Instability and Conflict in the Early U.S. 5:45 - Who is Patrick Henry 10:00 - Henry as an Anti-Federalist 11:56 - British Monarchy versus Elected U.S. Federal Government 16:15 - Response to “Federalist” Henry 20:07 - Virgnians vs Virgnians  23:48 - Thomas Jefferson in Charge 25:08 - Clarifying the Timeline  27:40 - What Stops a Civil War? 30:17 - Union Above All Else 32:07 - Figuring it Out Without George Washington  35:26 - Thomas Jefferson vs Patrick Henry 43:32 - Lynn’s Theory on Why Thomas Jefferson hated Patrick Henry 46:48 - Political Policy Versus Political Rhetoric 52:23 - Where Would We Be if Henry Had Lived? 53:57 - The Importance of Understanding Context in Our Current System 57:02 - Knowing Your History Makes You a Better Citizen 1:00:25 - Where You Can Find John EPISODE LINKS:. Dr. Ragosta’s Upcoming Talks - https://www.johnaragosta.com/presentations For The People, For The Country: Patrick Henry’s Final Political Battle - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5846/ Patrick Henry’s Scotchtown - https://preservationvirginia.org/historic-sites/patrick-henrys-scotchtown/ Alien and Sedition Acts - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts#:~:text=Passed%20in%20preparation%20for%20an,brink%20of%20war%20with%20France. Democratic-Republican Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party Federalist Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - https://www.britannica.com/event/Virginia-and-Kentucky-Resolutions Conway Cabal - https://www.worldhistory.org/Conway_Cabal/ Anti-Federalists - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anti-Federalists Nullification Crisis - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nullification-Crisis The Supremacy Clause - https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artVI-C2-1/ALDE_00013395/ John Marshall - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Marshall Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/jefinau1.asp Missouri Compromise - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/missouri-compromise George Washington to Patrick Henry, January 15, 1799 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-03-02-0225 John Randolph of Roanoke - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Randolph-American-politician Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, December 8, 1784 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-08-02-0095 Governor Jefferson avoids British capture - https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/jack-jouetts-ride/ Gerrymandering - https://www.britannica.com/topic/gerrymandering PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-po ...

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Heather Haley to discuss sexuality and the military during the Cold War. A new "ideal of American morality” resulted in federal purges of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals that became known as the Lavender Scare. How did the individuals affected fight back? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  Note: The thoughts, views, opinions, and intellectual property expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Naval History and Heritage Command, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:37 - How Dr. Haley Choose this Topic 6:24 - A note to Graduate Students in the Humanities from Lynn 7:45 - Understanding the Terminology 11:05 -Where did the Term Lavender Scare Come From? 16:59 - Why Now? What Brought This On? 21:21 - LGBTQ as a Security Risk 26:57 - Are There Any Actual Instances of Someone Being Compromised?  33:45 - The Crittenden Report 35:33 - Vernon Berg and Lawrence Gibson 43:17 - Interrogation Tactics and Intimidation 52:19 - Good Order and Discipline: Incentivised Outing 58:26 - Who Is Making These Policies 1:00:38 - The Importance of Getting it Right, Dr. Haley’s Book, and Being Nice to Archivists 1:06:17 - Where You Can Find Dr. Haley EPISODE LINKS:. Dr. Heather M. Haley – Twitter @GALLIFRAEAN Women Also Know History - https://womenalsoknowhistory.com/individual-scholar-page/?pdb=58 The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America, Margot Canaday - https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691149936/the-straight-state The Lavender Scare - https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2016/summer/lavender.html Vernon E. Berg III and Lawrence Gibson - https://makinggayhistory.org/podcast/copy-berg/ Susan Stryker - https://www.susanstryker.net/about Christine Jorgensen - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christine-Jorgensen Joseph McCarthy - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-McCarthy The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government, David K. Johnson - https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L/bo193960577.html Oppenheimer – https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15398776/ Hidden Figures - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4846340/ Marilyn Monroe in WWII - https://americangimuseum.org/marilyn-monroe-in-world-war-ii/ The Deviant's War: The Homosexual vs. the United States of America, Eric Cervini - https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374139797/thedeviantswar Crittenden Report - https://archive.org/details/gay-history-us-crittenden-report-1957 Get off my ship: Ensign Berg vs. the U.S. Navy, E. Lawrence Gibson - https://archive.org/details/getoffmyshipensi00gibs Harvey Milk - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harvey-Milk PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Jason Herbert to talk about Florida and Seminole history, the role of cattle in identity formation, and where the first cowpeople existed in the United States. Hint: It wasn’t in the Wild West! Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 4:42 - Florida: A Remarkable Place 5:43 - Cattle Ranching...A Product of FL? 7:33 - Explaining Seminole, Alachua and the First Cow People 12:48 - Cattle Origins in FL: The Charismatic Megafauna 21:09 - The First Cowboys in Florida  22:14 - Feral Cattle 22:33 - The Story of Cowkeeper and the Alachua Communities 25:41 - The Seminolization of Florida 26:57 - From Cow Hunting to Cow Ranching: The Impact of Cattle in Florida 38:38 - The Emergence of the Term 'Cracker' and its Significance in Florida 48:37 - Impacts on Native Peoples in Florida 51:55 - How Jason Came Across This Story 54:33 - Reflecting on the Seminole Wars 58:41 - Floridians as Cow People Even Today 1:06:13 - Exploring Florida's Cattle History: Key Locations 1:09:58 - Where You Can Find Jason EPISODE LINKS: Jason Herbert – https://jasonherbert.substack.com Historians at the Movies – https://www.historiansatthemovies.com Jason on X and Instagram - @HERBERTHISTORY Deseret Ranch, Florida - https://www.deseretranches.com Seminole tribe of Florida – https://www.semtribe.com Miccosukee tribe of Florida – https://miccosukee.com/miccosukee-tribe-history/ Moses Jumper, Jr. – https://seminoletribune.org/q-and-a-with-moses-bigg-shot-jumper-jr/ Dan Flores - https://projectcoyote.org/about/ambassadors/dan-flores/ Juan Ponce de Leon – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Ponce-de-Leon Creatures of Empire – https://global.oup.com/academic/product/creatures-of-empire-9780195304466?cc=us&lang=en& Andalusia, Spain – https://www.britannica.com/place/Andalusia-region-Spain Hernando de Soto – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hernando-de-Soto Creek – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Creek-people The Creek War – https://www.britannica.com/event/Creek-War Panton, Leslie & Company – https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/panton-leslie-company/ William Bartram – https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/naturalists/bartram/ Patriot War – https://www.jaxhistory.org/patriot-war-1812/ Seminole Wars – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seminole-Wars Florida Cracker Trading Company – https://www.floridacrackerstyle.com The Land Remembered – https://alandremembered.com Armed Occupation Act of 1842 – https://myfloridahistory.org/date-in-history/august-04-1842/armed-occupation-act Osceola – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osceola-Seminole-leader Micanopy, Florida – https://micanopytown.com Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park – https://www.floridastateparks.org/parks-and-trails/paynes-prairie-preserve-state-park Big Cypress Reservation – https://www.semtribe.com/enterprises/big-cypress-reservation Everglades National Park – https://www.nps.gov/ever/index.htm Brooksville, Florida – https://www.nps.gov/ever/index.htm Lake Placid – https://www.lakeplacidfl.net Highlands County, Florida – https://www.highlandsfl.gov Brighton Reservation – https://www.semtribe.com/enterprises/brighton-reservation PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by John Smith to discuss the unknown side of Abigail Adams. What made this first lady and mother of a president tick? Her letters reveal a saucier side never before seen. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:42 - Choosing Abigail Adams as a Subject 6:38 - How did John and Abigail Meet? 9:29 - Abigail’s Stubbornness 11:01 - Abigail's Letters and the Importance of Primary Sources 15:54 - The 'Remember the Ladies' Letter 22:47 - The Importance of Women's Education 27:53 - Abigail’s Connections 34:11 - Hating Alexander Hamilton 34:59 - Abigail's Practice of Physiognomy 36:49 - Abigail’s Sailor Mouth 38:46 - Abigail's Controlling Nature 41:45 - Things You Definitely Don’t Know About Abigail Adams 50:11 - Abigail as First Lady and John's Chief of Staff 54:09 - Where you can find the book and John EPISODE LINKS: The Unexpected Abigail Adams: A Woman “Not Apt to Be Intimidated”- https://www.westholmepublishing.com/book/abigail-adams-smith/ Abigail Adams - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams John Adams HBO Miniseries - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0472027/ John Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States Rheumatic Fever - https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/rheumatic-fever.html#:~:text=Rheumatic%20fever%20is%20a%20condition,important%20in%20fighting%20off%20infections. Charles Francis Adams, Sr. - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Francis-Adams Founders Online – https://founders.archives.gov Massachusetts Historical Society - https://www.masshist.org Abigail to John Adams, 1776, “Remember the Ladies” - https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17760331aa Mercy Otis Warren - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mercy-otis-warren Sally Hemings - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sally-Hemings Benjamin Franklin - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Franklin Samuel Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Adams Alexander Hamilton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Hamilton-United-States-statesman Physiognomy - https://www.britannica.com/topic/physiognomy-divination Patience Wright - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patience-Wright Bohemia - https://www.britannica.com/place/Bohemia John Quincy Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Paul Cooper, a podcaster and author who examines the rise and fall of civilizations throughout history. What led to the ultimate collapse of previously successful civilizations, and are we making any of those same mistakes today? TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 4:01 - The Inception of The Fall of Civilizations Podcast 6:56 - How Do You Define A Civilization? 7:54 - Paul’s Style of Presenting History 13:25 - How Paul Found Himself in Saddam Hussein’s Palace 16:05 - Babylon Reimagined Through History 18:12 - Finding Materials for the Next Episode 21:13 - Choosing What to Include  27:26 - Production Challenges and his Process 28:37 - The Book vs The Podcast 30:34 - How Can We Make History More Engaging 35:54 - How Paul Got Into History 40:20 - Paul’s Favorite Archive Story 45:31 - Why Something Didn’t Make It into the Book 47:29 - The Value of Studying History 57:08 - History is Not Linear 1:02:11 - Favorite Apocalypse  EPISODE LINKS: Paul M.M. Cooper - https://www.paulmmcooper.com Fall of Civilizations: Stories of Greatness and Decline - https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/fall-of-civilizations-stories-of-greatness-and-decline-paul-cooper/7592286?ean=9780715655009 YouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR7yrLMHm11Xv2FOeHtuhern2tYm_Yd0H&feature=shared Byzantine Empire - https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire Babylonia - https://www.britannica.com/place/Babylonia British Library - https://www.bl.uk Mesopotamia – https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia Assyria - https://www.britannica.com/place/Assyria Inca - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Inca Twitter - @PaulMMCooper Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/r/FallofCivilizations/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Jim Gray, the great-grandson of Henry Roan who was murdered in the Reign of Terror as depicted in the movie “The Killers of the Flower Moon.” A former Osage chief, Gray offers his unique perspective of Native history, Hollywood portrayals of Indigenous peoples, his personal connection to a painful and understudied time in the history of the United States, and the ultimate triumph of the Osage people. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Historical Overview and Jim’s Perspective 7:38 - Allotment, Oil and Guadianships 13:29 - Restricted vs Unrestricted Allotments 17:00 - Osage Control, Tribal Governments and Boarding Schools 20:26 - How the Osage Viewed Allotments 22:01 - Henry Roan’s Legacy 33:02 - The Film’s Original Script and an Osage Dinner with Martin Scorsesse  46:11 - The Wedding Scene and Robert DeNiro Speaking Osage 53:11 - Living In Both Worlds…Even Today 57:58 - Jim’s Time as Chief 1:04:21 - Closing Thoughts and The Future of the Osage EPISODE LINKS: Osage Nation - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov Killers of the Flower Moon (Movie)- https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5537002/ Killers of the Flower Moon (Book) - https://www.davidgrann.com/books/#killers-of-the-flower-moon Osage Primary Sources - https://www.archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/this-actually-happened/ Henry Roan - https://nativenewsonline.net/arts-entertainment/margo-gray-writes-a-poignant-letter-to-her-great-grandfather-one-of-the-murder-victims-portrayed-in-killers-of-the-flower-moon The Osage "Reign of Terror" Murder Trials: An Account - https://www.famous-trials.com/osage-home/2378-the-osage-reign-of-terror-murder-trials-an-account Osage Culture - https://www.osageculture.com/culture/multimedia-collections Osage Oil Money - https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523964584/in-the-1920s-a-community-conspired-to-kill-native-americans-for-their-oil-money 1906 Osage Allotment Act - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/osage-minerals-council-seeks-federal-legislation-facilitating-return-osage#:~:text=In%201906%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Congress,the%20Interior%20to%20create%20a Native American Boarding Schools - https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/boarding-schools/ Deb Haaland - https://www.doi.gov/secretary-deb-haaland Major Crimes Act - https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/legal-and-ethical-foundations-for-sane-practice/tribal-law/#:~:text=The%20Major%20Crimes%20Act%2C%2018,%2C%20most%20sexual%20offenses%2C%20etc. How the Osage Changed Martin Scorsese’s Mind - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-osage-changed-martin-scorseses-mind-180983094/ Osage Language - https://www.osageculture.com/language Twitter - @JimGrayTweetz PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Michael Cullinane to discuss naming historical eras, the first modern president, influence as power, and third party politics. Has politics changed much in the last 120 years? Or at all? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:28 - What is the Gilded Age and The Progressive Era 7:40 - Theodore Roosevelt, How he defined the Age and What Progressive Meant 11:22 - Theodore Roosevelt Modernizing The Office 23:19 - Theodore Roosevelt Shaping the National Narrative 24:52 - Theodore Roosevelt's Tennis Cabinet 32:37 - Third Parties and the Bull Moose Party 40:30 - What Did TR Think of Wilson? 42:07 - Will a Third Party Ever Arise? 46:49 - We Have Been Here Before & TR’s Legacy 53:15 - Favorite TR's Story and the Historical Sites to Visit! Professor of U.S. History and the Lowman Walton Chair of Theodore Roosevelt Studies at Dickinson State University in North Dakota. Website - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com The Gilded Age and Progressive Era Podcast - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com/podcast Remembering Theodore Roosevelt: Reminiscences of His Contemporaries - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-69296-4 Theodore Roosevelt's Ghost: The History and Memory of an American Icon - https://lsupress.org/9780807166727/ “Gild the Lily” - https://www.merriam-webster.com/word-of-the-day/gild%20the%20lily-2008-04-04 Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/theodorerooseveltsr.htm Franklin D. Roosevelt – https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/ William McKinley - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-mckinley/ Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War - https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-theodore-roosevelt-rough-riders/introduction Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin/On-the-Origin-of-Species TR’s Tennis Cabinet - https://www.loc.gov/item/2013650863/ Bull Moose Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Woodrow Wilson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/ Eugene V. Debs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs History of the Teddy Bear - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-teddy-bear-once-seen-dangerous-influence-young-children-180983234/ TR Birthplace in Manhattan - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/index.htm TR Island near D.C. - https://www.nps.gov/this/index.htm Sagamore Hill, Home of TR - https://www.nps.gov/sahi/index.htm TR Presidential Library (2026) - https://www.trlibrary.com Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University - https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices