2 Complicated 4 History

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Michael L. Thurmond to discuss James Oglethorpe, the founder of the only British American colony that prohibited chattel slavery prior to the Revolutionary War. Oglethorpe should be considered a founding father; so why is he largely forgotten today? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 1:42 - Who is James Oglethorpe 2:33 - How is James Oglethorp Taught in Georgia Schools? 6:19 - The Known Immorality Around Chattel Slavery 9:18 - Anti-Slavery vs Abolitionist Views 10:49 - How Michael Became Interest in Oglethorpe 14:08 - Digging Deeper 16:08 - What Sources Did Michael Use? 19:03 - What Did The Letter Say!?!? 21:40 - Oglethorpe’s Anti-Slavery Motivations 24:06 - Religiosity and Slavery 30:00 - Dr. Thomas Bray and the Bray Schools 32:55 - John Wesley and the Methodist Church 34:00 - How Did the Legal Status of Slavery Change in Georgia? 38:33 - Oglethorpe’s Legacy, The Lost Cause and the Reaction to the Book 47:05 - They Knew 50:52 - Acknowledging Our Mistakes and Being Better 59:14 - Where You can Find Michael EPISODE LINKS: Micheal L. Thurmond - https://michaelthurmond.net James Oglethorpe, Father of Georgia: A Founder’s Journey from Slave Trader to Abolitionist - https://ugapress.org/book/9780820366043/james-oglethorpe-father-of-georgia/ James E. Oglethorpe - https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Edward-Oglethorpe Abolitionism – https://www.britannica.com/topic/abolitionism-European-and-American-social-movement Georgia history – https://www.britannica.com/place/Georgia-state Cranham Hall – https://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/digital/collection/ajc/id/720/ All Saints – https://allsaintschurchcranham.co.uk/history/ Royal African Company – https://transcription.si.edu/project/29682 Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (Job Ben Soloman) – https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/bluett/summary.html  Anti-slavery and religion – https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african-american-odyssey/abolition.html Bray Schools – https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/associates-of-dr-bray/ John Wesley – https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wesley Battle of Bloody Marsh – https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/battle-of-bloody-marsh/ Granville Sharp – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Granville-Sharp Olaudah Equiano – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olaudah-Equiano Hannah More – https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hannah-more-a-woman-of-letters/ The Lost Cause – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lost-Cause PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Tore Olsson to explore the wildly popular video game Red Dead Redemption 2. How does it reflect the history of the West, a world of the first megacorporations, the labor movement, and infamous characters like Jesse James? And what can we learn from it today? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 3:10 - How Historically Accurate is Red Dead Redemption? 8:45 - Biggest Inaccuracies 14:44 - Disputes Over Capitalism 17:06 - Defining the American West 18:43 - How Did This Become a College Course? 30:44 - Was the Course Effective? 32:51 - History Has a Lot of Lore and Crafting a Book 34:40 - 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition 41:37 - The Anxiety of a Changing System and Losing Masculinity 45:56 - TR’s Obsession with American Masculinity 47:40 - The Role of the Transcontinental Railroad 51:15 - Who Were the Pinkertons? 55:41 - The Southern Stories  01:00:35 - The Fictionalization of the Time Period 01:03:01 - Audiobook Version! 01:04:46 - Historic Sites to Visit and Where you can find Tore EPISODE LINKS: Tore Olsson – https://history.utk.edu/person/olsson-tore/ Red Dead's History: A Video Game, an Obsession, and America's Violent Past – https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250287700/reddeadshistory Audiobook - https://www.audible.com/pd/Red-Deads-History-Audiobook/B0CKM6FB83 Red Dead Redemption 2 – https://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/red-dead-redemption-2 Pinkerton Detective Agency – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pinkerton-National-Detective-Agency Labor Movement – https://www.loc.gov/collections/american-federation-of-labor-records/articles-and-essays/timeline/ Jesse James – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesse-James-and-Frank-James Wild Bill Hickok – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok John D. Rockefeller – https://www.britannica.com/money/John-D-Rockefeller Dr. Olsson’s class - https://history.utk.edu/tore-olsson-in-the-conversation-why-i-turned-the-red-dead-redemption-ii-video-game-into-a-history-class-on-americas-violent-past/ Oregon Trail – https://oregontrail.ws Chicago World’s Fair – https://www.britannica.com/event/Worlds-Columbian-Exposition Frederick Jackson Turner – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Jackson-Turner Theodore Roosevelt – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodore-Roosevelt History of “Dude” – https://blog.oup.com/2022/12/dude-a-long-history-of-a-short-word/ Allen Pinkerton – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Allan-Pinkerton Lynching of Sicilians in New Orleans – https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1148&context=hon_thesis Deadwood, South Dakota – https://www.deadwood.com/  PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Christian McWhirter to explore the world of music during the American Civil War. We still know many of the popular songs today; but what did they mean to soldiers and civilians of the 1860s? And what does Abraham Lincoln’s taste in music say about him and his era? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 3:53 - The Music Industry During the Civil War 7:56 - What Happened to The Harpsichord? 10:17 - The History of Songs We Know Today from the Civil War 19:31 - Communal and Individual Music 22:09 - Did the Civil War Make Music More Political? 27:10 - Minstrelsy and Black Music in the South  41:34 - The Importance of Cultural Context  44:48 - Lincoln’s Relationship with Music 55:25 - Lincoln’s Engagement with Black Music 1:00:40 - What Historic Sites You Should Visit 1:05:45 - Where to Find Dr. McWhirter? EPISODE LINKS:. Battle Hymns: The Power and Popularity of Music in the Civil War – https://uncpress.org/book/9781469613673/battle-hymns/ Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum - https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov Dixie lyrics – https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-dixie The Battle Cry of Freedom - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-battle-cry-freedom-southern-version The Battle Hymn of the Republic – https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-battle-hymn-republic Marching Through George – https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/sheetmusic/898/ John Brown’s Body – https://history.iowa.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/abolitionist-movement/john-browns-body-song Bonnie Blue Flag - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-bonnie-blue-flag Just Before the Battle Mother - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/civil-war-music-just-battle-mother Stephen Foster - https://songofamerica.net/song/camptown-races/ Oh, Susanna – https://songofamerica.net/song/oh-susanna/ Camptown Races – https://songofamerica.net/song/camptown-races/ Mad Men Minstrel Episode - https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/mad-men-blackface-episode-roger-sterling-don-draper-imdb-tv-a9596921.html American Discord: The Republic and Its People in the Civil War Era - Chapter regarding music about Lincoln – https://lsupress.org/9780807169698/american-discord/ Abraham Lincoln to Mary Lincoln, 2 July 1848 - https://papersofabrahamlincoln.org/documents/D200505 They Knew Lincoln - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/they-knew-lincoln-9780190270964?cc=se&lang=en& ALPLM Blog - https://presidentlincoln.illinois.gov/blog Edwards Place - https://www.edwardsplace.org Dana-Thomas House - https://dana-thomas.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Lucy Smith to explore the history of dentistry and the evolving meanings that humans have projected onto this part of the body. How were teeth extracted before dentists—and before Novocain? When did “perfect” teeth become so important? And what in the world were George Washington’s dentures made of, if not wood? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introductions 3:23 - Why Teeth? 5:20 - Were George Washington’s Teeth Wood? 9:52 - The Concerns Around Tooth Aches 11:18 - Have People Always Felt This Way About Teeth? 18:21 - Dental Care Before Dentists 25:27 - Anesthetic? 27:18 - When Did Teeth Start to Matter? 32:22 - Teeth and Being a Good American 37:49 - Losing Teeth 39:46 - What Were The Dentures Made of? 45:39 - Where Were All the Teeth Coming From? 1:00:00 - Historic Sites to Visit 1:03:55 - Where You can Find Lucy EPISODE LINKS: University of Michigan graduate history department – https://lsa.umich.edu/history/graduates/lucy-smith--st--louis--mo.html Contact information – https://lsa.umich.edu/history/people/graduate-students/lksmit.html Michael Twitty – https://afroculinaria.com/about/ George Washington’s dentures – https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/health/washingtons-teeth Caravaggio, The Tooth-Drawer – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caravaggio,_Michelangelo_Merisi_da_-_The_Tooth-Drawer-_1607-09.jpg Josiah Wedgewood – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josiah-Wedgwood Ivory Waterloo teeth – https://www.vanleestantiques.com/product/ivory-artificial-waterloo-teeth-c-1800/ False Teeth – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/false-teeth John Greenwood – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/john-greenwood-1760-1819 A Famine of Cadavers episode – https://open.spotify.com/episode/4yF0H8gf2tn3IvJRXQtO3D?si=6d2ccb7338624caa National Dentistry Museum – https://www.dentalmuseum.com Brown Bag Lunch featuring Library Fellow Lucy Smith - https://www.youtube.com/live/X7F_3l0o_fQ?si=bjIia_ZuqvoT12V6 Lunch and Learn: Mouth to Mouth: The Tooth Trade in Washington’s World – https://youtu.be/lfyyQ43Z5Cw?si=HaK4zUAWgoSVKnnK The Object of History Podcast episode: “Holding the Atlantic World in his Mouth”: George Washington, an MHS Portrait, and the Culture of Teeth in the 18th Century – https://www.masshist.org/podcast/season-3-episode-1-washingtons-teeth The Costs of an All-American Smile – https://rackham.umich.edu/discover-rackham/allamericansmile/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. John A. Ragosta to discuss the transition of Patrick Henry from Revolutionary Firebrand to Federalist candidate. Did the hyperpartisanship of the 1790s fuel this apparent switch? And did it also prevent the newly created United States from plunging into a civil war? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  Note: The thoughts, views, opinions, and intellectual property expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Naval History and Heritage Command, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:57 - How Close We Were to a Civil War in the 1790s 3:03 - The Instability and Conflict in the Early U.S. 5:45 - Who is Patrick Henry 10:00 - Henry as an Anti-Federalist 11:56 - British Monarchy versus Elected U.S. Federal Government 16:15 - Response to “Federalist” Henry 20:07 - Virgnians vs Virgnians  23:48 - Thomas Jefferson in Charge 25:08 - Clarifying the Timeline  27:40 - What Stops a Civil War? 30:17 - Union Above All Else 32:07 - Figuring it Out Without George Washington  35:26 - Thomas Jefferson vs Patrick Henry 43:32 - Lynn’s Theory on Why Thomas Jefferson hated Patrick Henry 46:48 - Political Policy Versus Political Rhetoric 52:23 - Where Would We Be if Henry Had Lived? 53:57 - The Importance of Understanding Context in Our Current System 57:02 - Knowing Your History Makes You a Better Citizen 1:00:25 - Where You Can Find John EPISODE LINKS:. Dr. Ragosta’s Upcoming Talks - https://www.johnaragosta.com/presentations For The People, For The Country: Patrick Henry’s Final Political Battle - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5846/ Patrick Henry’s Scotchtown - https://preservationvirginia.org/historic-sites/patrick-henrys-scotchtown/ Alien and Sedition Acts - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/alien-and-sedition-acts#:~:text=Passed%20in%20preparation%20for%20an,brink%20of%20war%20with%20France. Democratic-Republican Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Democratic-Republican-Party Federalist Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Federalist-Party Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - https://www.britannica.com/event/Virginia-and-Kentucky-Resolutions Conway Cabal - https://www.worldhistory.org/Conway_Cabal/ Anti-Federalists - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anti-Federalists Nullification Crisis - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nullification-Crisis The Supremacy Clause - https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artVI-C2-1/ALDE_00013395/ John Marshall - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Marshall Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/jefinau1.asp Missouri Compromise - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/missouri-compromise George Washington to Patrick Henry, January 15, 1799 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-03-02-0225 John Randolph of Roanoke - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Randolph-American-politician Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, December 8, 1784 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/01-08-02-0095 Governor Jefferson avoids British capture - https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/jack-jouetts-ride/ Gerrymandering - https://www.britannica.com/topic/gerrymandering PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Heather Haley to discuss sexuality and the military during the Cold War. A new "ideal of American morality” resulted in federal purges of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals that became known as the Lavender Scare. How did the individuals affected fight back? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  Note: The thoughts, views, opinions, and intellectual property expressed in this podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Naval History and Heritage Command, the Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 0:37 - How Dr. Haley Choose this Topic 6:24 - A note to Graduate Students in the Humanities from Lynn 7:45 - Understanding the Terminology 11:05 -Where did the Term Lavender Scare Come From? 16:59 - Why Now? What Brought This On? 21:21 - LGBTQ as a Security Risk 26:57 - Are There Any Actual Instances of Someone Being Compromised?  33:45 - The Crittenden Report 35:33 - Vernon Berg and Lawrence Gibson 43:17 - Interrogation Tactics and Intimidation 52:19 - Good Order and Discipline: Incentivised Outing 58:26 - Who Is Making These Policies 1:00:38 - The Importance of Getting it Right, Dr. Haley’s Book, and Being Nice to Archivists 1:06:17 - Where You Can Find Dr. Haley EPISODE LINKS:. Dr. Heather M. Haley – Twitter @GALLIFRAEAN Women Also Know History - https://womenalsoknowhistory.com/individual-scholar-page/?pdb=58 The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America, Margot Canaday - https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691149936/the-straight-state The Lavender Scare - https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2016/summer/lavender.html Vernon E. Berg III and Lawrence Gibson - https://makinggayhistory.org/podcast/copy-berg/ Susan Stryker - https://www.susanstryker.net/about Christine Jorgensen - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christine-Jorgensen Joseph McCarthy - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-McCarthy The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government, David K. Johnson - https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L/bo193960577.html Oppenheimer – https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15398776/ Hidden Figures - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4846340/ Marilyn Monroe in WWII - https://americangimuseum.org/marilyn-monroe-in-world-war-ii/ The Deviant's War: The Homosexual vs. the United States of America, Eric Cervini - https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374139797/thedeviantswar Crittenden Report - https://archive.org/details/gay-history-us-crittenden-report-1957 Get off my ship: Ensign Berg vs. the U.S. Navy, E. Lawrence Gibson - https://archive.org/details/getoffmyshipensi00gibs Harvey Milk - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harvey-Milk PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:   https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Jason Herbert to talk about Florida and Seminole history, the role of cattle in identity formation, and where the first cowpeople existed in the United States. Hint: It wasn’t in the Wild West! Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 4:42 - Florida: A Remarkable Place 5:43 - Cattle Ranching...A Product of FL? 7:33 - Explaining Seminole, Alachua and the First Cow People 12:48 - Cattle Origins in FL: The Charismatic Megafauna 21:09 - The First Cowboys in Florida  22:14 - Feral Cattle 22:33 - The Story of Cowkeeper and the Alachua Communities 25:41 - The Seminolization of Florida 26:57 - From Cow Hunting to Cow Ranching: The Impact of Cattle in Florida 38:38 - The Emergence of the Term 'Cracker' and its Significance in Florida 48:37 - Impacts on Native Peoples in Florida 51:55 - How Jason Came Across This Story 54:33 - Reflecting on the Seminole Wars 58:41 - Floridians as Cow People Even Today 1:06:13 - Exploring Florida's Cattle History: Key Locations 1:09:58 - Where You Can Find Jason EPISODE LINKS: Jason Herbert – https://jasonherbert.substack.com Historians at the Movies – https://www.historiansatthemovies.com Jason on X and Instagram - @HERBERTHISTORY Deseret Ranch, Florida - https://www.deseretranches.com Seminole tribe of Florida – https://www.semtribe.com Miccosukee tribe of Florida – https://miccosukee.com/miccosukee-tribe-history/ Moses Jumper, Jr. – https://seminoletribune.org/q-and-a-with-moses-bigg-shot-jumper-jr/ Dan Flores - https://projectcoyote.org/about/ambassadors/dan-flores/ Juan Ponce de Leon – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Ponce-de-Leon Creatures of Empire – https://global.oup.com/academic/product/creatures-of-empire-9780195304466?cc=us&lang=en& Andalusia, Spain – https://www.britannica.com/place/Andalusia-region-Spain Hernando de Soto – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hernando-de-Soto Creek – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Creek-people The Creek War – https://www.britannica.com/event/Creek-War Panton, Leslie & Company – https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/panton-leslie-company/ William Bartram – https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/naturalists/bartram/ Patriot War – https://www.jaxhistory.org/patriot-war-1812/ Seminole Wars – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seminole-Wars Florida Cracker Trading Company – https://www.floridacrackerstyle.com The Land Remembered – https://alandremembered.com Armed Occupation Act of 1842 – https://myfloridahistory.org/date-in-history/august-04-1842/armed-occupation-act Osceola – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osceola-Seminole-leader Micanopy, Florida – https://micanopytown.com Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park – https://www.floridastateparks.org/parks-and-trails/paynes-prairie-preserve-state-park Big Cypress Reservation – https://www.semtribe.com/enterprises/big-cypress-reservation Everglades National Park – https://www.nps.gov/ever/index.htm Brooksville, Florida – https://www.nps.gov/ever/index.htm Lake Placid – https://www.lakeplacidfl.net Highlands County, Florida – https://www.highlandsfl.gov Brighton Reservation – https://www.semtribe.com/enterprises/brighton-reservation PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by John Smith to discuss the unknown side of Abigail Adams. What made this first lady and mother of a president tick? Her letters reveal a saucier side never before seen. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:42 - Choosing Abigail Adams as a Subject 6:38 - How did John and Abigail Meet? 9:29 - Abigail’s Stubbornness 11:01 - Abigail's Letters and the Importance of Primary Sources 15:54 - The 'Remember the Ladies' Letter 22:47 - The Importance of Women's Education 27:53 - Abigail’s Connections 34:11 - Hating Alexander Hamilton 34:59 - Abigail's Practice of Physiognomy 36:49 - Abigail’s Sailor Mouth 38:46 - Abigail's Controlling Nature 41:45 - Things You Definitely Don’t Know About Abigail Adams 50:11 - Abigail as First Lady and John's Chief of Staff 54:09 - Where you can find the book and John EPISODE LINKS: The Unexpected Abigail Adams: A Woman “Not Apt to Be Intimidated”- https://www.westholmepublishing.com/book/abigail-adams-smith/ Abigail Adams - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams John Adams HBO Miniseries - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0472027/ John Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Adams-president-of-United-States Rheumatic Fever - https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/rheumatic-fever.html#:~:text=Rheumatic%20fever%20is%20a%20condition,important%20in%20fighting%20off%20infections. Charles Francis Adams, Sr. - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Francis-Adams Founders Online – https://founders.archives.gov Massachusetts Historical Society - https://www.masshist.org Abigail to John Adams, 1776, “Remember the Ladies” - https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17760331aa Mercy Otis Warren - https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mercy-otis-warren Sally Hemings - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sally-Hemings Benjamin Franklin - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Franklin Samuel Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Adams Alexander Hamilton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Hamilton-United-States-statesman Physiognomy - https://www.britannica.com/topic/physiognomy-divination Patience Wright - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patience-Wright Bohemia - https://www.britannica.com/place/Bohemia John Quincy Adams - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Quincy-Adams PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Paul Cooper, a podcaster and author who examines the rise and fall of civilizations throughout history. What led to the ultimate collapse of previously successful civilizations, and are we making any of those same mistakes today? TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 4:01 - The Inception of The Fall of Civilizations Podcast 6:56 - How Do You Define A Civilization? 7:54 - Paul’s Style of Presenting History 13:25 - How Paul Found Himself in Saddam Hussein’s Palace 16:05 - Babylon Reimagined Through History 18:12 - Finding Materials for the Next Episode 21:13 - Choosing What to Include  27:26 - Production Challenges and his Process 28:37 - The Book vs The Podcast 30:34 - How Can We Make History More Engaging 35:54 - How Paul Got Into History 40:20 - Paul’s Favorite Archive Story 45:31 - Why Something Didn’t Make It into the Book 47:29 - The Value of Studying History 57:08 - History is Not Linear 1:02:11 - Favorite Apocalypse  EPISODE LINKS: Paul M.M. Cooper - https://www.paulmmcooper.com Fall of Civilizations: Stories of Greatness and Decline - https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/fall-of-civilizations-stories-of-greatness-and-decline-paul-cooper/7592286?ean=9780715655009 YouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR7yrLMHm11Xv2FOeHtuhern2tYm_Yd0H&feature=shared Byzantine Empire - https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire Babylonia - https://www.britannica.com/place/Babylonia British Library - https://www.bl.uk Mesopotamia – https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia Assyria - https://www.britannica.com/place/Assyria Inca - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Inca Twitter - @PaulMMCooper Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/r/FallofCivilizations/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Jim Gray, the great-grandson of Henry Roan who was murdered in the Reign of Terror as depicted in the movie “The Killers of the Flower Moon.” A former Osage chief, Gray offers his unique perspective of Native history, Hollywood portrayals of Indigenous peoples, his personal connection to a painful and understudied time in the history of the United States, and the ultimate triumph of the Osage people. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Historical Overview and Jim’s Perspective 7:38 - Allotment, Oil and Guadianships 13:29 - Restricted vs Unrestricted Allotments 17:00 - Osage Control, Tribal Governments and Boarding Schools 20:26 - How the Osage Viewed Allotments 22:01 - Henry Roan’s Legacy 33:02 - The Film’s Original Script and an Osage Dinner with Martin Scorsesse  46:11 - The Wedding Scene and Robert DeNiro Speaking Osage 53:11 - Living In Both Worlds…Even Today 57:58 - Jim’s Time as Chief 1:04:21 - Closing Thoughts and The Future of the Osage EPISODE LINKS: Osage Nation - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov Killers of the Flower Moon (Movie)- https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5537002/ Killers of the Flower Moon (Book) - https://www.davidgrann.com/books/#killers-of-the-flower-moon Osage Primary Sources - https://www.archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/this-actually-happened/ Henry Roan - https://nativenewsonline.net/arts-entertainment/margo-gray-writes-a-poignant-letter-to-her-great-grandfather-one-of-the-murder-victims-portrayed-in-killers-of-the-flower-moon The Osage "Reign of Terror" Murder Trials: An Account - https://www.famous-trials.com/osage-home/2378-the-osage-reign-of-terror-murder-trials-an-account Osage Culture - https://www.osageculture.com/culture/multimedia-collections Osage Oil Money - https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523964584/in-the-1920s-a-community-conspired-to-kill-native-americans-for-their-oil-money 1906 Osage Allotment Act - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/osage-minerals-council-seeks-federal-legislation-facilitating-return-osage#:~:text=In%201906%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Congress,the%20Interior%20to%20create%20a Native American Boarding Schools - https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/boarding-schools/ Deb Haaland - https://www.doi.gov/secretary-deb-haaland Major Crimes Act - https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/legal-and-ethical-foundations-for-sane-practice/tribal-law/#:~:text=The%20Major%20Crimes%20Act%2C%2018,%2C%20most%20sexual%20offenses%2C%20etc. How the Osage Changed Martin Scorsese’s Mind - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-osage-changed-martin-scorseses-mind-180983094/ Osage Language - https://www.osageculture.com/language Twitter - @JimGrayTweetz PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Michael Cullinane to discuss naming historical eras, the first modern president, influence as power, and third party politics. Has politics changed much in the last 120 years? Or at all? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:28 - What is the Gilded Age and The Progressive Era 7:40 - Theodore Roosevelt, How he defined the Age and What Progressive Meant 11:22 - Theodore Roosevelt Modernizing The Office 23:19 - Theodore Roosevelt Shaping the National Narrative 24:52 - Theodore Roosevelt's Tennis Cabinet 32:37 - Third Parties and the Bull Moose Party 40:30 - What Did TR Think of Wilson? 42:07 - Will a Third Party Ever Arise? 46:49 - We Have Been Here Before & TR’s Legacy 53:15 - Favorite TR's Story and the Historical Sites to Visit! Professor of U.S. History and the Lowman Walton Chair of Theodore Roosevelt Studies at Dickinson State University in North Dakota. Website - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com The Gilded Age and Progressive Era Podcast - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com/podcast Remembering Theodore Roosevelt: Reminiscences of His Contemporaries - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-69296-4 Theodore Roosevelt's Ghost: The History and Memory of an American Icon - https://lsupress.org/9780807166727/ “Gild the Lily” - https://www.merriam-webster.com/word-of-the-day/gild%20the%20lily-2008-04-04 Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/theodorerooseveltsr.htm Franklin D. Roosevelt – https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/ William McKinley - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-mckinley/ Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War - https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-theodore-roosevelt-rough-riders/introduction Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin/On-the-Origin-of-Species TR’s Tennis Cabinet - https://www.loc.gov/item/2013650863/ Bull Moose Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Woodrow Wilson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/ Eugene V. Debs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs History of the Teddy Bear - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-teddy-bear-once-seen-dangerous-influence-young-children-180983234/ TR Birthplace in Manhattan - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/index.htm TR Island near D.C. - https://www.nps.gov/this/index.htm Sagamore Hill, Home of TR - https://www.nps.gov/sahi/index.htm TR Presidential Library (2026) - https://www.trlibrary.com Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University - https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

EPISODE DESCRIPTION: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by George Washington’s Mount Vernon’s Dr. Douglas Bradburn to discuss the events that culminated in the Constitutional Convention and the ratification of the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation created a weak and loose connection among the states. Rather than amending them, the founders threw them out and imagined a new, stronger federal government. Do we understand the document in the same way today as its composers did in the eighteenth century? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:25 - The Articles of Confederation Explained 7:22 - What is The Critical Period 10:41 - The Origins of the US as a Confederation 12:16 - The American Revolution vs the Dutch Revolt 13:32 - The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 19:28 - The Impact of the Northwest Ordinance 24:16 - How we Amended The Articles of Confederation 27:10 - How did we get to the Constitutional Convention 36:35 - What Happened at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 39:47 - The Executive Explained 51:57 - How They Changed the Constitution 55:17 - What is Nullification 1:04:38 - An Imperfect Solution to Governing EPISODE LINKS: George Washington’s Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org Articles of Confederation - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/articles-of-confederation Continental Congress – https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/continental-congress#:~:text=The%20Continental%20Congress%20was%20the,years%20of%20the%20American%20Revolution. Richard Henry Lee’s Resolution – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/lee-resolution Declaration of Independence - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/ The “Critical Period” - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5655/#:~:text=The%20%22Critical%20Period%22%20of%20American,or%20the%20worst%20of%20times. A Revolutionary Wave: Dutch and American Patriots in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World - https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wd94067 The Northwest Ordinance - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/northwest-ordinance#:~:text=The%20Northwest%20Ordinance%20chartered%20a,rights%20guaranteed%20in%20the%20territory. The Potomac Company - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-potomac-company/ The Virginia Plan - https://www.senate.gov/civics/common/generic/Virginia_Plan_item.htm#:~:text=Introduced%20to%20the%20Constitutional%20Convention,of%20Representatives)%20with%20proportional%20representation. The Return of George Washington by Edward Larson - https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-return-of-george-washington-edward-j-larson?variant=32207581020194 The Whiskey Rebellion - https://www.britannica.com/event/Whiskey-Rebellion Representation Debate in the Constitutional Convention - https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution/equal-state-representation.htm#:~:text=During%20the%20summer%20of%201787,in%20the%20House%20of%20Representatives. Bill of Rights - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights/what-does-it-say#:~:text=The%20Bill%20of%20Rights%20is,speech%2C%20press%2C%20and%20religion. Nullification of Federal Laws - https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - https://www.britannica.com/event/Virginia-and-Kentucky-Resolutions SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Lorri Glover, an expert on a little-known woman entrepreneur of the eighteenth century. She had “schemes,” negotiated with men, made a fortune, and still fulfilled the era’s ideal of a mother and a woman. Why don’t we know more about her? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro 1:22 - Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney 3:25 - Eliza's Upbringing and Sense of Self 5:56 - Absentee Landholders 6:57 - How Lorri Found Eliza and the Primary Sources She Used 11:42 - The Importance of Digital Humanities 14:17 - Eliza Developing Schemes 19:17 - The Dangers of Sugar Production And Eliza's View on Slavery 24:52 - Taking Over the Plantations 28:47 - Was Eliza a Typical Woman 32:52 - Indigo and Eliza’s Entrepreneurial Spirit 40:09 - Eliza's Marriage and Loss 45:18 - Eliza's Connection to London and Becoming a Patriot 48:22 - A Model of the Plantar Patriarch 52:01 - Favorite Eliza Story 54:36 - Eliza as a Religious Woman 57:55 - Who is Daniel Park 1:05:22 - Exploring Eliza’s Legacy: Historical Sites in South Carolina EPISODE LINKS: Lorri Glover, PhD - https://www.slu.edu/arts-and-sciences/history/faculty/glover-lorri.php Eliza Lucas Pinckney: An Independent Woman in the Age of Revolution - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300236118/eliza-lucas-pinckney/ Eliza Lucas Pinckney, Letters & Memoranda, 1740-1762 - https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/becomingamer/peoples/text5/elizapinckney.pdf Antigua - https://www.britannica.com/summary/Antigua-and-Barbuda George Washington's Barbados Diary, 1751-52 - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5139/ All Our Relations: Blood Ties and Emotional Bonds Among the Early South Carolina Gentry - https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/89/1/207/689079 The Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739-1762 - https://uscpress.com/The-Letterbook-of-Eliza-Lucas-Pinckney-1739-1762 The Papers of Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry - https://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/PinckneyHorry/ The Papers of the Revolutionary Era Pinckney Statesmen - https://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/PNKY.html “Conservation Complete for the Eliza Lucas Pinckney Gown” – https://www.charlestonmuseum.org/news-events/conservation-complete-for-the-eliza-lucas-pinckney-gown/ The Charleston Museum - https://www.charlestonmuseum.org Stono Rebellion - https://www.britannica.com/topic/insurrection-politics The Great Awakening - https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Awakening Indigo in South Carolina - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/indigo-making-comeback-south-carolina-180980987/ Charles Pinckney - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Pinckney Daniel Parke - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/parke-daniel-1669-1710/ John Custis IV gravestone - https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/30234605/john-custis Hampton Plantation - https://south-carolina-plantations.com/charleston/hampton.html Rainbow Row, Charleston, S.C. - https://charleston.com/charleston-insider/lowcountry-lifestyles/the-captivating-history-of-rainbow-row Thomas Pinckney Home - https://charleston.com/charleston-insider/diary-of-a-charleston-tour-guide/114-broad-street-colonel-thomas-pinckney-house PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Diego Javier Luis to discuss the first Asians in the Americas as part of Pacific World history. Free and unfree migration, six months of treacherous travel, and cultural uprooting defines the Asian experience in the Spanish Americas. Who were these emigrants, and what happened when they arrived in their new world? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 1:13 - Brief Description of the Book 2:43 - The Terminology and the Word “Chino” 9:29 - A Primary Source Nightmare 15:11 - Contextualizing the Time 18:10 - How Did People End Up on These Ships? Free and Forced Migration 26:28 - Why Isn’t This History More Emphasized? 30:31 - Cultural versus Assigned Identity – Racializing “Asians” 37:45 - The Structures within Spanish Colonial Society 44:36 - Chino Emancipation and Similarities to the Atlantic Slave Trade 48:57 - What You Need to Know about the Spanish Inquisition 53:51 - Catarina de San Juan EPISODE LINKS: Diego Javier Luis - https://as.tufts.edu/history/people/faculty/diego-luis The First Asians in the Americas: A Transpacific History - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674271784 Inquisition - https://www.britannica.com/topic/inquisition Manila Galleons - https://www.britannica.com/technology/Manila-galleon Atlantic World - https://history.illinois.edu/atlantic-world Ethnolinguistics - https://www.britannica.com/science/ethnolinguistics History of Pampagna - https://www.tagaloglang.com/history-of-pampanga Caste And Class Structure In Colonial Spanish America - https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/caste-and-class-structure-colonial-spanish-america Catarina de San Juan - https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/one-womans-journey-from-south-asia-to-mexico-and-from-slave-to-spiritual-icon/ The Conversation - https://theconversation.com/profiles/diego-javier-luis-1475619 Aeon magazine - https://aeon.co/users/diego-javier-luis Smithsonian Folklife - https://folklife.si.edu/magazine/asian-history-oregon-no-no-boy-1603 New Podcast – TBD!  PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

George Washington remains a presence in many sites across the United States, reflecting not only the past but who we are today. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and archaeologist Philip Levy to examine the history, memory, and myths that surround the nation’s first founding father. Relevant Links: The Permanent Resident: Excavations and Explorations of George Washington’s Life by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5491/ George Washington’s Mount Vernon – https://www.mountvernon.org Ferry Farm - https://kenmore.org Mason Locke Weems - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mason-Locke-Weems Cherry Tree Myth - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/cherry-tree-myth/ Benson Lossing - https://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/2015/02/20/benson-lossing-artist-historian-author/ George Washington Birthplace - https://www.nps.gov/gewa/index.htm History and Memory - https://commonplace.online/article/historians-and-memory/#:~:text=owned%2C%20history%20interpreted.-,Memory%20is%20passed%20down%20through%20generations%3B%20history%20is%20revised.,contexts%20in%20all%20their%20complexity. Wig Curlers - https://livesandlegaciesblog.org/2017/09/22/how-many-curlers-did-a-harried-hairdresser-need-lets-do-the-math/ Betty Washington Lewis - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/11535hpr-a6fe6bc9be77d33/ Mary Ball Washington - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/mary-ball-washington/ Yard Birds: The Lives and Times of America’s Urban Chickens by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5315/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices