Teaching in Higher Ed

Mike Cross shares about his experiments (big and small) in teaching and learning on episode 610 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode The reason I did it is because I just wanted to better understand what my students were going through. -Mike Cross I love that, that idea of tiny experiments. I think that that is absolutely critical because we’re all so busy. -Mike Cross Anytime you can put yourself in someone else’s shoes, it makes you a better person, right? Whether that’s a better teacher, a better spouse, a better friend, a better citizen, anything. -Mike Cross Resources Episode 106: Undercover Professor with Mike Cross Snow College Coaching for Leaders Episode 747: How to Get Out of a Rut, with Anne-Laure Le Cunff What Baby George and Handstands Taught Me About Learning, created by Mike Wesch Francesca and the Genie of Science, by Mike Cross Living with Grief: A Poem for Those Who Are Grieving, by Christy Albright The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie, by Alan Bradley The Midnight

Theresa Duong on episode 609 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode “All we’re really trying to do is create these conditions that can help our students flourish and thrive within our classrooms while maintaining the rigor of our work.” – Theresa Duong “I felt like I could thrive in my PhD program because I had these people who kept pushing me to go and kept pushing me to take care of myself.” – Theresa Duong “Pedagogy, the formal definition in my mind, is this art and science of teaching and learning.” – Theresa Duong “To me, wellness is really about thriving and flourishing in the work that you’re doing.” – Theresa Duong Resources Pedagogical Wellness | UCI Division of Teaching Excellence and Innovation Pedagogical Wellness: A New Direction in Educational Development by Theresa Huong (Theresa) Duong, Andrea Aebersold, + Matthew Mahavongtrakul Okanagan Charter UCI Health Promoting University Pedagogical Wellness Day Artmakers Club with Lisa Bardow Calm Strips Forest App

Sheila Tabanli shares ways to overcome the curse of expertise and other ways to be inclusive in our teaching on episode 608 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast Quotes from the episode “I suggest, sign up to a course that you have no idea, and then we’ll talk later. In other words, feel what it means to be a novice.” – Sheila Tabanli “An expert in a field doesn’t necessarily mean they will be able to effectively teach that content.” – Sheila Tabanli “There are differences between how experts and novices look at this content.” – Sheila Tabanli “We can still slow down. We can still show how an expert solves a math problem without sacrificing from the rigor or the content.” – Sheila Tabanli Resources Guidebook for Reducing the Novice-to-Expert Perception Gap in Mathematics to Increase STEM Diversity, by Sheila Tabanli Minding the Perception Gap in College Math Classrooms and Beyond, by Sheila Tabanli for Inside Higher Ed Last-Day Activities Ideas from Sheila Tabanli, Featured In The Chronicle of Higher Education Teaching Newsletter Fostering Active Learning and Metacognitive Skills in a Cognitive-Science Based Math Course, by Sheila Tabanli for the International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning, by Pooja Agarwal and Patrice Bain A Mind for Numbers: How to Excel at Math and Science, by Linda Oakley Learning How to Learn: Powerful Mental Tools to Help You Master Tough Subjects, Dr. Terrence Sejnowski and Dr. Barbara Oakley Episode 106: Undercover Professor with Mike Cross College Matters Podcast

Josh Brake shares metaphors and other ethical considerations regarding AI on Episode 607 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode “When you’re moving fast, it’s really easy to do things unreflectively and to make a poor decision without even realizing it.” -Josh Brake “The special thing about bicycles, at least in their non-electronic versions, is that they’re totally human-powered. So it’s all based on the energy that you put in, and it’s just transforming that energy, to make you more efficient and be able to move faster.” -Josh Brake “When you have something like an E bike, that augmentation can be used in a variety of different ways, so it can be used to actually extend your capacity.” -Josh Brake “It’s really this question about what’s the intention that you’re bringing to the technology when you come to the tool, what are the questions that you’re asking? And fundamentally, it’s a question of purpose and intention. Why are you using this?” -Josh Brake Resources An E-Bike for the Mind: E-Bikes and What They Can Teach Us About AI, by Josh Brake I Grew Up Oblivious About Grades. It Ruined Me. Now I’m on a Mission to Ruin You too, by Josh Brake The Moral Hazards of AI Are Closer Than You Realize, by Josh Brake We Are Teaching Humans: A 50,000-Foot View As We Enter a New Academic Year, by Josh Brake On Bandwidth and Bottlenecks: AI Tools Help Us Go Faster, But Speed is Not All You Need, by Josh Brake Technique’s Deception: How Jacques Ellul Helps Us Understand the Difference Between Education and Schooling, by Josh Brake Clip – Final Advice from Suborno Isaac Bari The Real World of Technology, by Ursula Franklin Player Piano, by Kurt Vonnegut College Matters Podcast

Karen Costa shares about An Educator’s Guide to ADHD on Episode 606 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode Curiosity is just this sort of force of nature. So tap in to your students creativity, your students passions and interests as a way to support them in reaching and achieving those challenges that you also hold for them. -Karen Costa That’s a heavy thing for folks with ADHD to carry, that we are a burden on the other students in the classroom, that we are a burden on our teachers. And that is simply not true. -Karen Costa What we know now is that many times those are what are called stims in neurodivergent and ADHD and autistic communities. And those are actually a way that a lot of folks help themselves to stay present and regulated in their bodies so that they can direct their attention to the teacher or to the task at hand. -Karen Costa The best thing we can do to make the course real is as an instructor to be present in that online course. -Karen Costa Resources An Educator’s Guide to ADHD: Designing and Teaching for Student Success, by Karen Costa 99 Tips for Creating Simple and Sustainable Educational Videos: A Guide for Online Teachers and Flipped Classes, by Karen Costa Episode 577: Teaching and Learning When Things Go Wrong in the Classroom with Jessamyn Neuhaus Snafu Edu: Teaching and Learning When Things Go Wrong in the College Classroom, by Jessamyn Neuhaus Episode 578: Learning to Teach, Design, and Rest from Nature with Karen Costa Community of Inquiry Checklist, from Karen Costa Belmont University The Canary Code, by Ludmila Praslova Blackbird – The Harvard Opportunes AP 100 Photos of 2025 The Defined the Year Hard Core Literature

José Bowen shares about the second edition of Teaching with AI on episode 605 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode I do think that we are going to have to figure out how to focus on student learning in an era where students have this new technology that will short-circuit the learning we want. -José Bowen My advice to people is that I know we’re overwhelmed, so don’t ask AI to do something you love. Ask AI to do something that you hate. -José Bowen The real problem with AI privacy is that now we have a tool that can mine all that, right?  I’m more worried about AI as a tool for analysis and observation, and how that’s going to change the world in which we live. -José Bowen I think the potential is, you’re probably going to get more bias because people are going to use AI poorly. And so bias and privacy are two categories of ugly that are pretty big. -José Bowen   Resources Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning, second edition, by José Antonio Bowen and C. Edward Watson We Teach with AI Website Brilliant (courses Bonni mentioned that she is taking) José Bowen on LinkedIn Bonni Stachowiak on LinkedIn Shell Game Podcast Boodlebox Ethan Mollick on LinkedIn Anna Mills on LinkedIn Sarah Elaine Eaton on LinkedIn Krys Boyd on NPR’s Think

Bryan Alexander shares about Peak Higher Ed on episode 604 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast Quotes from the episode “It’s another form of thinking, it’s another form of organizing information and that we have to treat it seriously as such. The computer scientist actually recommends that we think about generative AI as children. These are AIs that have some degree of autonomy and they’re also not very wise in the world yet, and we have to train and rear them up.” – Bryan Alexander “So if AI is bubble, if it turns out to be a bubble and it pops, this might be bad news for the entire economy.” – Bryan Alexander “The problem of how do we actually figure out what people are doing with AI within post secondary education? That’s a really great challenge because if you polled people, they have all kinds of great incentives to not respond accurately.” – Bryan Alexander Resources Peak Higher Ed, by Bryan Alexander: How to Survive the Looming Academic Crisis, by Bryan Alexander Bryan Alexander’s Website Maha Bali’s Blog On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? 🦜, by Emily M. Bender et al Helen Beetham’s Newsletter: Imperfect Offerings Pluralistic: Daily Links from Cory Doctorow Faraday Cage Georgetown University: Learning, Design, and Technology John Warner John Warner’s Newsletter GTD – Workflow diagram Todd’s AI Playground Todd’s AI Songs About His Course Evaluations Adam Tooze Chartbook

Matthew Mahavongtrakul shares about active learning that engages all learners on episode 603 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode You don’t need to change your entire course tomorrow. What is one simple thing that you can do that will push you on the path? – Matthew Mahavongtrakul “The number one kind of piece of pushback that I get from faculty is I just simply cannot cover everything.” – Matthew Mahavongtrakul “I think at the crux of it, it is the shift in mentality between us as being, as we say, the sage on the stage to being a facilitator in the classroom.” – Matthew Mahavongtrakul Resources UC Irvine Division of Teaching Excellence & Innovation’s Active Learning Institute Stephen Brookfield Todd Zakrajsek You Care About It, Do It in Class: Why faculty members need to shift the balance of class time from first exposure to skills practice Why Students Resist Learning with Anton Tolman on Episode 171 Notsu Notes Lily Abadal’s workbook, outlining her process of having students write a research paper throughout her entire class Bluesky post of Andrea Kaston Tange sharing about her reading scenario experimentation POD Network Conference

C. Edward Watson shares about navigating AI’s rapid transformation in higher ed on episode 602 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode I never include AI in the beginning of my processes. -C. Edward Watson There’s a lot of incremental shifts, but the increments are quite large. -C. Edward Watson I would argue that maybe this is the first time in the history of higher education that we have learning outcomes that are at war with one another. -C. Edward Watson We’ve never built a curriculum for something that’s changing so quickly. We’re being asked to keep up with this rate of change in a meaningful way that actually serves our students well. -C. Edward Watson Resources Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning, by José Antonio Bowen and C. Edward Watson Teaching with AI Website (Including Free Resources) AAC&U Artificial Intelligence Resources AAC&U Teaching with AI Workshops AAC&U Report: The Agility Imperative: How Employers View Preparation for an Uncertain Future Wharton School of Business Survey: How Are Companies Using Gen AI in 2025? Shell Game Season Two Caraway Cookware

Christopher Ostro discusses the AI grief cycle on episode 601 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode The fact is there are things we’re grieving. Our job has profoundly changed in huge ways in a very short period of time. -Christopher Ostro Our traditional assessments suddenly are not working effectively like we used to think that they did. -Christopher Ostro I want my students to view me as a resource and as someone that they can trust. -Christopher Ostro When something makes me uncomfortable, I want to lean in and understand it better. -Christopher Ostro Resources AI Grief Cycle Talk for CU, by Christoper Ostro Slides for Chris’ AI Grief Cycle Talk Mosaic Approach Docs from Christopher Ostro Swiss Cheese (or Roumy Cheese) Model for Assessment/Assignments Swiss Cheese Analogy for COVID-19 – Rumi Cheese Analogy for Inclusive Education, by Maha Bali Daniel Stanford’s LinkedIn Post Kristen Howerton Bonni’s Go Somewhere AI Resources and Episodes Chris’ AI Literacy Assignments Goblin.Tools Long Shadow: Breaking the Internet – The End of the World as We Know It What AI Companions Are Missing, by Adam Grant Chris’ CU AI Reading Group Reading List

Dave Stachowiak joins Bonni to explore 6 pedagogical practices from 600 episodes on episode 600 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode When we stop aiming for perfection, we allow ourselves to then be fully present for others. -Bonni Stachowiak Practice 1: Start and end small. Practice 2: Build courses around curiosity, not coverage. Practice 3: Prioritize presence over perfection. Practice 4: Focus on relationships. Practice 5: Remember what is yours to do and what is not yours to do. Practice 6: Focus on becoming. -Bonni Stachowiak Resources Episodes with James Lang Small Teaching: Everyday Lessons from the Science of Learning, 2nd Edition, by James M. Lang Episodes with Tracie Addy Who’s in Class Form Reach Everyone, Teach Everyone: Universal Design for Learning in Higher Education, by Thomas J. Tobin and Kirsten T. Behling Episodes with Tolu Noah Episode 404 – Annotation Is with Remi Kalir Episodes with Mia Zamora and Alan Levine Episode 577 – Teaching and Learning When Things Go Wrong with Jessamyn Neuhaus Episodes with Jesse Stommel Robert Talbert’s Intentional Academia Episode 529 – Working the Gardens of Our Classrooms with James Lang Relationship-Rich Education: How Human Connections Drive Success in College, by Peter Felten and Leo M. Lambert Episode 331 – Relationship-Rich Education with Peter Felten and Leo Lambert Episode 551 – Relationship-Rich Education at Scale with Peter Felten and Kassidy Puckett Episodes with Karen Costa Episode 454 – Mental Health and Well Being with Zainab Okolo Episode 563 – Defy – The Power of Saying No in a World That Demands Yes with Sunita Suh Episodes with Stephen Brookfield Episodes with Kevin Gannon Tripsy Unsplash Wallpapers Festivas https://readwise.io/read

David Gooblar shares how better teaching can make college more equitable on episode 599 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode Most of our scars are hidden. I think most of the time people don’t see the scars that we carry. -David Gooblar We get such a small window into our students lives. -David Gooblar The imaginary idea of the college student in America is of a privileged student. And that’s just not the case when we talk about American college students today. -David Gooblar We need to work to earn their trust, to convince our students that we’re working for them, that our job is to help them develop, learn, and grow. -David Gooblar Resources One Classroom at a Time: How Better Teaching Can Make College More Equitable, by David Gooblar Pedagogy Unbound: Weekly Thoughts on College Teaching from David Gooblar Stereotype Threat Tuckman’s Stages of Team Formation Episode 585: Toward Socially Just Teaching with Bryan Dewsbury The Mentor’s Dilemma: Providing Critical Feedback Across the Racial Divide, by Geoffrey L. Cohen, Claude M. Steele, & Lee D. Ross Kagi Search Clip from Decoder Episode with Cory Doctorow on Mastodon The Verge: How Silicon Valley Enshittified the Internet with Cory Doctorow Adrienne Salinger: Teenagers in Their Bedrooms

Jeff Young shares clips from his Learning Curve Podcast regarding AI in higher education on episode 598 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode It is crazy to think of how much we’ve all learned about generative AI just in the last couple years. -Jeff Young I’ve been really interested in how students are thinking through AI and where their perspectives are. There is not one student view. You can find students that think all kinds of things. -Jeff Young Students are very aware of AI and they’re also very aware of how it’s changing the job market that they might enter. -Jeff Young One danger of these tools is that they give you such instant gratification. There’s a hit of dopamine. -Jeff Young Students are using AI tools, not just for academics. They’re experimenting with AI. -Jeff Young Resources Learning Curve Podcast Paul LeBlanc Maha Bali Students ‘will spend 25 years on their mobiles’ in The Times, by Mark Sellman Google NotebookLM Supporting Student Learning and Metacognition Shell Game Podcast Phonograph Podcast

Bonni Stachowiak shares about her card game, Go Somewhere: A game of metaphors, AI, and what comes next on episode 597 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode A lot of you have been asking me about this game that I’ve played now and facilitated at over 10 universities and conferences called Go Somewhere. -Bonni Stachowiak What the game allows people to do is to be a little bit playful, laugh, and smile as we explore very serious things. -Bonni Stachowiak It can be helpful to have a map when we think about all of the different ways that artificial intelligence might impact our teaching. -Bonni Stachowiak The other issue that comes up a lot as we start talking about artificial intelligence is how often it bumps up against our sense of identity. -Bonni Stachowiak Continue to learn, reflect, and keep moving. Go somewhere. -Bonni Stachowiak Resources Assistant, Parrot, or Colonizing Loudspeaker? ChatGPT Metaphors for Developing Critical AI Literacies, by Anuj Gupta, Yasser Atef, Anna Mills, & Maha Bali Teaching in Higher Ed AI Resources and Episodes All Aboard – Digital Skills Map (Ireland) Where are the crescents in AI? by Maha Bali Different Critiques of AI in Education, by Maha Bali Critical AI Literacy is Not Enough: Introducing Care Literacy, Equity Literacy & Teaching Philosophies, by Maha Bali Teaching AI Ethics, by Leon Furze Scooby-Doo AI Metaphors We Live By: The Language of Artificial Intelligence, by Leon Furze Her (2013) On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots, by Bender, Gebru, et al. Episode 576: The AI Con with Emily M Bender and Alex Hanna The Princess Bride (1987) Are We Tripping? The Mirage of AI Hallucinations, by Anna Mills & Nate Angell ChatGPT is a Blurry JPEG, by Ted Chiang Permission Slip, by Bryan Mathers from Visual Thinkery How Will AI Impact Gen Z?

Christy Albright + Clarissa Sorensen Unruh share about teaching, learning, and the lessons of grief on episode 596 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode Take two deep breaths. -Clarissa Sorensen Unruh None of the books that I researched on grief actually defined grief. It’s like they just assumed you knew what it was because it’s such a universal experience, but it’s not universally experienced by everybody in the same way. -Christy Albright Anticipatory grief is when you know something is coming and you’re already grieving that situation. -Christy Albright People assume that grief gets smaller, and actually we grow around it. -Clarissa Sorensen Unruh The big griefs in my life stay forever. -Christy Albright Resources Bonni fact checks her anecdote about birds Fractals: Is Hasan Smarter than a 13-year-old Math Genius Peter Felten: Can We Teach Curiosity? Resources for Grieving (Christy’s website) Capsule Ish, by Peter H. Reynolds The Dot, by Peter H. Reynolds The Let Them Theory, by Mel Robbins An Educator’s Guide to ADHD, by Karen Costa Good Hang with Amy Poehler An Educator’s Guide to ADHD, by Karen Costa

Roberta Hawkins + Leslie Kern share about their book, Higher Expectations: How to Survive Academia, Make it Better for Others, and Transform the University on episode 595 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode We advise lots of different ways of rethinking our relationship with work in the book. -Roberta Hawkins You can’t solve institutional problems with individual sacrifices. -Leslie Kern We are not cogs in an institutional machine. -Roberta Hawkins One of the challenges, is the idea that our work is kind of a calling. It’s a passion project. The institution knows that we love our work and that we are passionate about our students and that we care about bringing great ideas to fruition in the world, so it will extract every little drop of that from you in terms of your time and energy. -Leslie Kern Invisibilized labor is an equity issue as well as a workload issue. -Roberta Hawkins Resources Higher Expectations: How to Survive Academia, Make It Better for Others, and Transform the University, by Roberta Hawkins and Leslie Kern What you didn’t learn in class: Revealing the hidden curriculum, by Lindsay Vreeland, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning at Northern Illinois University Beyond Anxiety: Curiosity, Creativity, and Finding Your Life’s Purpose, by Martha Beck

Dave Stachowiak joins Bonni in remembering Ken Bain on episode 594 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode Ken Bain was such good company to me and to countless people from around the world. -Bonni Stachowiak While I didn’t ever have a chance to meet him or talk to him, I’m so glad for everything Ken did, all his writing, and how he’s inspired a new generation of leadership and faculty development in higher education to have a conversation that was really needed. -Dave Stachowiak Resources Post: James Lang Shares About Ken Bain’s Passing Obituary of Kenneth R. Bain Episode 36: What the Best College Teachers Do with Ken Bain Episode 100: The Failure Episode Episode 146: James Lang and Ken Bain on Motivation in the Classroom Johannes Haushofer CV of Failures What the Best College Teachers Do, by Ken Bain What the Best College Students Do, by Ken Bain

Carter Moulton shares about his Analog Inspiration (AI) card deck and human centered AI in the classroom on episode 593 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode I’m here to talk a little bit about the Analog Inspiration card deck, which really is a professional development resource under the guise of a game. -Carter Moulton I wanted to create something that would bring faculty together and talk with each other and wrestle with these moral and ethical questions. -Carter Moulton Those three questions underneath at the bottom of the card are really just trying to foster that critical thinking with students about what it is they’re making and what it is they’re doing and how they’re engaging with AI. -Carter Moulton I hope we don’t abandon the decades of research that has shown the benefits of peer learning, of caring, belonging, and relationships in the classroom. -Carter Moulton Resources Analog Inspiration Card Deck How to Play Free Google Sheet for Discussions Buy – Analog Inspiration Card Deck Analog Inspiration Project Overview Bonni’s Analog Inspiration Unboxing Video (YouTube) Bonni awkwardly tries to mention HAL 9000 and WarGames and just clearly wasn’t ready for the moment 🤦‍♀️ Episode 585: Toward Socially Just Teaching Across Disciplines with Bryan Dewsbury 10 to 25: The Science of Motivating Young People: A Groundbreaking Approach to Leading the Next Generation—And Making Your Own Life Easier by David Yeager Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI, by Ethan Mollick Donna H. Hicks – Dignity Researcher Anna Mills’ PAIRR Resources Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning, by José Antonio Bowen and C. Edward Watson Human in the Loop (Wikipedia) Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Learning Curve Podcast: What If College Teaching Was Redesigned With AI In Mind? Hosted by Jeff Young with guests Paul LeBlanc and Maha Bali Tolu Noah Custom Playing Cards Hidden Systems: Water, Electricity, the Internet, and the Secrets Behind the Systems We Use Every Day, by Dan Nott TiHE Recommendations Page Cooking with Vegetables by Jessie Jenkins First Generation, by Frankie Gaw

Barbara Oakley shares about her course, Speak Freely, Think Critically, and gives practical advice about teaching on episode 592 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode If you look at free speech from a historical and neuroscientific perspective, you can get a much better sense of people’s motivations and the continuing patterns that we see through history of people being really pro free speech until it affects them. -Barbara Oakley Really intelligent people find it very hard to be flexible, to change their mind. -Barbara Oakley Learning is hard. Your job as a professor, as a teacher, is to help make it understandable, to help make it easier. -Barbara Oakley Resources Speak Freely, Think Critically: The Free Speech Balance Act Sway.AI Barbara Oakley – Coursera Instructor Profile Learning How to Learn Think Critically: Deductive Reasoning and Mental Models Barbara Oakley’s Website Barbara Oakley – Wikipedia Academy of Ideas: The Hidden Neuroscience of Democracy A Mind for Numbers, by Barbara Oakley Retrieval Practice (retrievalpractice.org) Obsidian How and Why I Use Obsidian, by Robert Talbert SmarterHumans.ai

Simon Cullen + Danny Oppenheimer help us rethink student attendance policies toward deeper engagement and learning on episode 591 of the Teaching in Higher Ed podcast. Quotes from the episode There’s a lot of evidence that coming to class is one of the best things a student can do to facilitate their learning and performance in class. -Danny Oppenheimer You can make students attend, and most faculty do. They set attendance as mandatory. And then students attend and they learn because they attend. But they also hate you, and they hate the subject and they hate everything to do with the class. -Danny Oppenheimer If you give people choices, sometimes they make bad choices. Scaffolding choices can help people make choices that actually align with their preferences more effectively. -Danny Oppenheimer Students love being treated like adults. They love having choice. Everybody loves having choice. People don’t like other people telling them what to do. -Danny Oppenheimer In some sense students have a preference to attend class. And in some sense they have a preference to not attend class. Those preferences can coexist in some way. -Simon Cullen Resources Choosing to learn: The importance of student autonomy in higher education, by Simon Cullen and Daniel Oppenheimer Are we overlooking the power of autonomy when it comes to motivating students? by Danny Oppenheimer Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly, by Daniel M. Oppenheimer Speak Freely, Think Critically: The Free Speech Balance Act Punished By Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A’s, Praise, and Other Bribes, by Alfie Kohn The Goodness Paradox: The Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence in Human Evolution, by Richard Wrangham Finding Meaning in the Age of Immortality, by T.N. Eyer