Learn Chinese with Yoyo Mo

出差就是去外地短时间工作Chūchāi jiù shì qù wàidì duǎn shíjiān gōngzuòBusiness trip means going to another place for short-term work 我老公常常出差Wǒ lǎogōng chángcháng chūchāiMy husband often goes on business trips 这两天他又出差了Zhè liǎng tiān tā yòu chūchāi leHe's gone on another business trip these two days 上次我们说过Shàngcì wǒmen shuō guoAs we mentioned last time 他是电视台的工程师Tā shì diànshìtái de gōngchéngshīHe is an engineer at a TV station 所以他出差主要是去做转播工作Suǒyǐ tā chūchāi zhǔyào shì qù zuò zhuǎnbō gōngzuòSo his business trips mainly involve doing broadcast relay work 也有的时候是去参加会议、参加展会等Yě yǒu de shíhou shì qù cānjiā huìyì、cānjiā zhǎnhuì děngSometimes he also goes to attend meetings, exhibitions, etc. 国内的城市他去了很多Guónèi de chéngshì tā qù le hěn duōHe has been to many cities in China 国外的话Guówài de huàAs for foreign countries 他去过日本做奥运会Tā qù guo Rìběn zuò ÀoyùnhuìHe went to Japan for the Olympic Games 去过英国和泰国做拳击比赛Qù guo Yīngguó hé Tàiguó zuò quánjī bǐsàiHe went to the UK and Thailand for boxing matches 去过韩国做篮球比赛Qù guo Hánguó zuò lánqiú bǐsàiHe went to South Korea for basketball games 他出差最多的地方是北京Tā chūchāi zuì duō de dìfāng shì BěijīngThe place he goes to most on business trips is Beijing 还有成都周边的城市Hái yǒu Chéngdū zhōubiān de chéngshìAnd cities around Chengdu 我老公出差非常简便Wǒ lǎogōng chūchāi fēicháng jiǎnbiànMy husband packs very lightly for business trips 背个背包就完了Bēi gè bèibāo jiù wán leHe just carries a backpack 常常是临走前才来装一些衣物Chángcháng shì línzǒu qián cái lái zhuāng yīxiē yīwùHe often packs some clothes just before leaving 有些时候，出差比较辛苦Yǒuxiē shíhou, chūchāi bǐjiào xīnkǔSometimes, business trips are quite tiring 而有些时候，出差更像是旅游Ér yǒuxiē shíhou, chūchāi gèng xiàng shì lǚyóuBut sometimes, business trips are more like traveling 比如有一次Bǐrú yǒu yī cìFor example, once 他们和日本NHK电视台的人一起Tāmen hé Rìběn NHK diànshìtái de rén yīqǐThey worked together with people from Japan's NHK TV station 到九寨沟拍摄纪录片Dào Jiǔzhàigōu pāishè jìlùpiànTo shoot a docu’mentary in Jiuzhaigou 九寨沟在1992 年被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界自然遗产名录》Jiǔzhàigōu zài 1992 nián bèi Liánhéguó Jiàokèwén Zǔzhī lièrù le 《Shìjiè Zìrán Yíchǎn Mínglù》Jiuzhaigou was inscribed on the UNESCO World Natural Heritage   List in 1992 风景非常优美Fēngjǐng fēicháng yōuměiThe scenery there is very beautiful 我们俩大学毕业后都在北京工作Wǒmen liǎ dàxué bìyè hòu dōu zài Běijīng gōngzuòBoth of us worked in Beijing after graduating from university 工作半年后Gōngzuò bàn nián hòuAfter working for half a year 他到成都出差参加公司年会Tā dào Chéngdū chūchāi cānjiā gōngsī niánhuìHe went to Chengdu on a business trip to attend the company's annual meeting 而我作为总裁助理，也到成都出差考察项目Ér wǒ zuòwéi zǒngcái zhùlǐ, yě dào Chéngdū chūchāi kǎochá xiàngmùAnd as the president's assistant, I also went to Chengdu on a business trip to ‘survey projects 就这样，我们都对成都有了初步的印象Jiù zhèyàng, wǒmen dōu duì Chéngdū yǒu le chūbù de yìnxiàngIn this way, both of us got a preliminary impression of Chengdu 后来过了大半年Hòulái guò le dà bàn niánLater, after more than half a year 我们决定搬迁到成都Wǒmen juédìng bānqiān dào ChéngdūWe decided to move to Chengdu 然后就一直在成都工作生活到今天Ránhòu jiù yīzhí zài Chéngdū gōngzuò shēnghuó dào jīntiānAnd we have been working and living in Chengdu ever since 这都是缘分吧Zhè dōu shì yuánfèn baIt's all fate, I suppose 也就是命中注定Yějiù shì mìngzhōng zhùdìngThat is, it's destiny

通过标题这两个字tōng guò biāo tí zhè liǎng gè zìThrough the two characters in the title 你能看懂这个词是什么意思吗nǐ néng kàn dǒng zhè ge cí shì shén me yì si maCan you understand what this word means “鸡”是另一个“激”字的谐音“jī” shì lìng yī gè “jī” zì de xié yīn"Jī" is a homophone of another character "jī" 表示激励、刺激、施压biǎo shì jī lì、cì jī、shī yāIt means to motivate, stimulate, and exert pressure “娃”就是孩子“wá” jiù shì hái zi"Wá" means child 所以“鸡娃”指的是suǒ yǐ “jī wá” zhǐ de shìSo "jī wá" refers to 父母高强度施压，激励孩子努力学习fù mǔ gāo qiáng dù shī yā，jī lì hái zi nǔ lì xué xíParents exert high-intensity pressure to motivate their children to study hard 这也许是中国的一个特有现象zhè yě xǔ shì zhōng guó de yī gè tè yǒu xiàn xiàngThis may be a unique phenomenon in China 是社会竞争的畸形产物shì shè huì jìng zhēng de jī xíng chǎn wùIt is a distorted product of social competition 我们会看到父母非常看重孩子的成绩wǒ men huì kàn dào fù mǔ fēi cháng kàn zhòng hái zi de chéng jìWe can see that parents attach great importance to their children's grades 监督孩子写作业jiān dū hái zi xiě zuò yèSupervise their children to do homework 因为辅导作业而生气暴怒yīn wèi fǔ dǎo zuò yè ér shēng qì bào nùGet angry and furious  because of tutoring homework 因为未达到他的预期而责骂孩子yīn wèi wèi dá dào tā de yù qī ér zé mà hái ziScold the child for not meeting his expectations  因为孩子的成绩而惩罚孩子yīn wèi hái zi de chéng jì ér chéng fá hái ziPunish the child because of his grades 这些行为导致了非常多的孩子心灵受伤zhè xiē xíng wéi dǎo zhì le fēi cháng duō de hái zi xīn líng shòu shāngThese behaviors have caused many children to suffer psychological harm 厌恶学习，甚至轻生yàn wù xué xí，shèn zhì qīng shēngHate studying, and even commit suicide 这种现象一方面是由于学校的施压zhè zhǒng xiàn xiàng yī fāng miàn shì yóu yú xué xiào de shī yāOn the one hand, this phenomenon is due to the pressure from schools 一方面是家长自己觉得必须要竞争yī fāng miàn shì jiā zhǎng zì jǐ jué de bì xū yào jìng zhēngOn the other hand, parents themselves feel that they have to compete 但近些年国家做了很多措施dàn jìn xiē nián guó jiā zuò le hěn duō cuò shīBut in recent years, the country has taken many measures 来减轻学生的负担lái jiǎn qīng xué shēng de fù dānTo reduce the burden on students 比如不准公开成绩的排名bǐ rú bù zhǔn gōng kāi chéng jì de pái míngSuch as not allowing the publication of grade rankings 不准开设学科培训机构bù zhǔn kāi shè xué kē péi xùn jī gòuNot allowing the establishment of subject training institutions 取消晚自习等等qǔ xiāo wǎn zì xí děng děngCanceling evening self-study, etc. 顺便提一句shùn biàn tí yī jùBy the way 晚自习这个东西真是糟糕wǎn zì xí zhè ge dōng xī zhēn shì zāo gāoEvening self-study is really terrible 在黑夜里，把青春困在教室里zài hēi yè lǐ，bǎ qīng chūn kùn zài jiào shì lǐTrapping youth in the classroom in the dark 我打算好了wǒ dǎ suàn hǎo leI have made up my mind 以后要帮助我的孩子们不去参加这些东西yǐ hòu yào bāng zhù wǒ de hái zi men bù qù cān jiā zhè xiē dōng xīIn the future, I will help my children avoid participating in these things 我的孩子还在幼儿园wǒ de hái zi hái zài yòu ér yuánMy children are still in kindergarten 等到他们上中学děng dào tā men shàng zhōng xuéWhen they go to middle school 应该情况已经不一样了yīng gāi qíng kuàng yǐ jīng bù yī yàng leThe situation should have changed 说回来，家长仍然选择鸡娃shuō huí lái，jiā zhǎng réng rán xuǎn zé jī wáSpeaking of which, parents still choose to "jī wá" 就是家长自己认知和能力的不足jiù shì jiā zhǎng zì jǐ rèn zhī hé néng lì de bù zúIt is the lack of cognition and ability of the parents themselves 很多家长唠叨孩子看书学习hěn duō jiā zhǎng láo dao hái zi kàn shū xué xíMany parents nag their children to read and study 

周日我们一家去了不远的一个餐厅Zhōu rì wǒ men yī jiā qù le bù yuǎn de yī gè cān tīngOn Sunday, my family and I went to a nearby restaurant 这个餐厅很有特色Zhè ge cān tīng hěn yǒu tè sèThis restaurant has very distinctive features 位于一个风景优美的景区里Wèi yú yī gè fēng jǐng yōu měi de jǐng qū lǐIt is located in a scenic area with beautiful scenery 面积比较大Miàn jī bǐ jiào dàIt has a relatively large area 靠着一个小湖Kào zhe yī gè xiǎo húIt is next to a small lake 可以选择靠近湖边的餐桌吃饭Kě yǐ xuǎn zé kào jìn hú biān de cān zhuō chī fànYou can choose a dining table near the lake to eat 吃完饭还可以在这里喝下午茶Chī wán fàn hái kě yǐ zài zhè lǐ hē xià wǔ cháAfter dinner, you can also have afternoon tea here 坐在小亭子里休息Zuò zài xiǎo tíng zǐ lǐ xiū xiSit in a small pavilion  to rest 我们就是在这里休闲了一下午Wǒ men jiù shì zài zhè lǐ xiū xián le yī xià wǔWe spent the whole afternoon relaxing here 孩子们玩耍Hái zi men wán shuǎThe children played 大人聊天打扑克Dà rén liáo tiān dǎ pū kèThe adults chatted and played poker 我们好久没有打扑克了Wǒ men hǎo jiǔ méi yǒu dǎ pū kè leWe haven't played poker in a long time 这让我回想起了生孩子之前的一些时光Zhè ràng wǒ huí xiǎng qǐ le shēng hái zi zhī qián de yī xiē shí guāngThis reminded me of the time before I had children 这里的消费比较高Zhè lǐ de xiāo fèi bǐ jiào gāoThe consumption here is relatively high 所以我晚饭点的都是不太贵的菜Suǒ yǐ wǒ wǎn fàn diǎn de dōu shì bù tài guì de càiSo for dinner, I ordered dishes that were not too expensive 当然，它的溢价就来自于你享用的优美环境Dāng rán, tā de yì jià jiù lái zì yú nǐ xiǎng yòng de yōu měi huán jìngOf course, its price p’remium comes from the beautiful environment you enjoy 我们现在会越发发现Wǒ men xiàn zài huì yuè fā fā xiànWe are now increasingly finding that 在外面的餐厅吃饭不太健康Zài wài miàn de cān tīng chī fàn bù tài jiàn kāngEating in external restaurants is not very healthy 他们用的油不好Tā men yòng de yóu bù hǎoThe oil they use is of poor quality 而且重油重盐Ér qiě zhòng yóu zhòng yánMoreover, they use excessive oil and salt 也就是说油和盐都放得很多Yě jiù shì shuō yóu hé yán dōu fàng de hěn duōIn other words, they add a lot of oil and salt 吃的时候味道很好Chī de shí hou wèi dào hěn hǎoThe taste is very good when eating 吃多了油腻Chī duō le yóu nìBut eating too much makes you feel greasy 吃完了口渴Chī wán le kǒu kěAnd you feel thirsty after eating 反观自己家里做的饭菜Fǎn guān zì jǐ jiā lǐ zuò de fàn càiOn the other hand, the meals cooked at home 虽比不上外面的味美Suī bǐ bù shàng wài miàn de wèi měiAlthough they are not as delicious as those outside 但清淡健康Dàn qīng dàn jiàn kāngThey are light and healthy 用的食材和调料都是精挑细选的Yòng de shí cái hé tiáo liào dōu shì jīng tiāo xì xuǎn deThe ingredients and seasonings used are carefully selected 所以我们更喜欢在家做饭吃Suǒ yǐ wǒ men gèng xǐ huan zài jiā zuò fàn chīTherefore, we prefer to cook and eat at home

今天又是我们的新闻片段栏目Jīn tiān yòu shì wǒmen de xīnwén piànduàn lánmùIt's our news clip column again today 正如市场普遍预期Zhèngrú shìchǎng pǔbiàn yùqīAs widely expected by the market 美联储在9月16日至17日会议上Měi Lián Chǔ zài Jiǔ Yuè Shíliù Rì zhì Shíqī Rì huìyì shàngAt the Federal Reserve's meeting from September 16th to 17th 重启降息周期Chóngqǐ jiàngxī zhōuqīRestarted the interest rate cut cycle 将联邦基金利率目标区间Jiāng Liánbāng Jījīn Lìlǜ Mùbiāo QūjiānLowered the target range  for the federal funds rate 下调25个基点至4.00%至4.25%Xiàdiào Èrshíwǔ Gè Jīdiǎn zhì Sì Diǎn Líng Líng Píngfēnzhī zhì Sì Diǎn Èrshíwǔ PíngfēnzhīBy 25 basis points to 4.00% to 4.25% 为今年首次降息Wèi Jīnnián Shǒucì JiàngxīMarking the first interest rate cut this year 此次决定以11票赞成、1票反对获得通过Cǐcì Juédìng yǐ Shíyī Piào Zànchéng, Yī Piào Fǎnduì Huòdé TōngguòThe decision was passed with 11 votes in favor and 1 vote against 美联储预测中值显示Měi Lián Chǔ Yùcè Zhōngzhí XiǎnshìThe Federal Reserve's median forecast shows that 2025年将再降息50个基点Èr Líng Èr Wǔ Nián jiāng zài jiàngxī Wǔshí Gè JīdiǎnIt will cut interest rates by another 50 basis points in 2025 2026年和2027年将各降息25个基点Èr Líng Èr Liù Nián hé Èr Líng Èr Qī Nián jiāng gè jiàngxī Èrshíwǔ Gè JīdiǎnIt will cut interest rates by 25 basis points each in 2026 and 2027 美联储降息，意味着Měi Lián Chǔ Jiàngxī, Yìwèi zheA Federal Reserve interest rate cut means that 市场上的货币供应量增加Shìchǎng shàng de Huòbì Gōngyīngliàng ZēngjiāThe money supply in the market increases 降低个人和企业的贷款利率Jiàngdī Gèrén hé Qǐyè de Dàikuǎn LìlǜLowers loan interest rates for individuals and businesses 鼓励消费和投资Gǔlì Xiāofèi hé TóuzīEncourages consumption and investment 从而提振经济增长Cóng'ér Tízhèn Jīngjì ZēngzhǎngThereby boosting economic growth 对于股市来说Duìyú Gǔshì Lái ShuōFor the stock market 降息有助于提升市场的流动性和风险偏好Jiàngxī Yǒuzhùyú Tíshēng Shìchǎng de Liúdòngxìng hé Fēngxiǎn PiānhàoInterest rate cuts help improve market liquidity and risk appetite  从而对股市产生正面影响Cóng'ér Duì Gǔshì Chǎnshēng Zhèngmiàn YǐngxiǎngThereby having a positive impact on the stock market 降息削弱美元汇率Jiàngxī Xuēruò Měiyuán HuìlǜInterest rate cuts weaken the U.S. dollar exchange rate 通常提振以美元计价的黄金、原油等商品价格Tōngcháng Tízhèn Yǐ Měiyuán Jìjià de Huángjīn, Yuányóu děng Shāngpǐn JiàgéUsually boosting the prices of commodities  such as gold and crude oil that are priced in U.S. dollars 吸引国际资本Xīyǐn Guójì ZīběnAttracting international capital 流入新兴市场的股市和债市Liúrù Xīnxīng Shìchǎng de Gǔshì hé ZhàishìTo flow into the stock and bond markets of emerging markets 怎么样？新闻是不是要难一些Zěnmeyàng? Xīnwén shì bú shì yào nán yīxiēHow was it? Is the news a bit more difficult 多听多看，没问题的Duō tīng duō kàn, méi wèntí deListen and read more, and you'll be OK

马上就到国庆节了mǎ shàng jiù dào Guóqìng Jié leNational Day is coming soon 今年的国庆节放假八天jīn nián de Guóqìng Jié fàng jià bā tiānThis year's National Day holiday lasts for eight days 其中有一天是中秋节qí zhōng yǒu yī tiān shì Zhōngqiū JiéOne of the days is the Mid-Autumn Festival 我们几个好友家庭很早就计划了要一起玩wǒ men jǐ gè hǎo yǒu jiā tíng hěn zǎo jiù jì huà le yào yì qǐ wánSeveral of our close friends' families planned to hang out together a long time ago 一共四个家庭yī gòng sì gè jiā tíngThere are four families in total 16个大人，7个小孩shí liù gè dà rén，qī gè xiǎo hái16 adults and 7 children 经过投票，我们决定了去市郊的一个景区度假jīng guò tóu piào，wǒ men jué dìng le qù shì jiāo de yī gè jǐng qū dù jiàAfter voting, we decided to go on vacation to a scenic spot in the suburbs 这个地方是一个著名的景点zhè ge dì fang shì yī gè zhù míng de jǐng diǎnThis place is a famous scenic spot 叫做“都江堰”jiào zuò “Dōu jiāng yàn”It's called "Dujiangyan" 也许有的听众有所了解yě xǔ yǒu de tīng zhòng yǒu suǒ liǎo jiěMaybe some listeners know about it 这是在两千多年前zhè shì zài liǎng qiān duō nián qiánIt was built more than 2,000 years ago 一个叫李冰的人主持修建的水利工程yī gè jiào Lǐ Bīng de rén zhǔ chí xiū jiàn de shuǐ lì gōng chéngIt is a water conservancy project presided over by a man named Li Bing 他巧妙地利用地形水文tā qiǎo miào de lì yòng dì xíng shuǐ wénHe skillfully used the terrain and hydrology 实现了防洪、灌溉、水运等功能shí xiàn le fáng hóng、guàn gài、shuǐ yùn děng gōng néngTo realize functions such as flood control, irrigation and water transportation 是世界上现存最古老且仍在使用的水利工程之一shì shì jiè shàng xiàn cún zuì gǔ lǎo qiě réng zài shǐ yòng de shuǐ lì gōng chéng zhī yīIt is one of the oldest existing water conservancy projects in the world that is still in use 都江堰旁边挨着一座山，叫青城山Dōu jiāng yàn páng biān āi zhe yī zuò shān，jiào Qīngchéng ShānNext to Dujiangyan is a mountain called Qingcheng Mountain 也是著名景点yě shì zhù míng jǐng diǎnIt is also a famous scenic spot 我们就在这个地方度假wǒ men jiù zài zhè ge dì fang dù jiàWe will spend our vacation here 我们预订了酒店房间wǒ men yù dìng le jiǔ diàn fáng jiānWe have booked hotel rooms 每个房间都带院子、带私汤měi gè fáng jiān dōu dài yuàn zi、dài sī tāngEach room has a yard and a private hot spring 私汤就是在房间里私有的温泉小池子sī tāng jiù shì zài fáng jiān lǐ sī yǒu de wēn quán xiǎo chí ziA private hot spring refers to a small private hot spring pool in the room 相对来说要卫生一些xiāng duì lái shuō yào wèi shēng yī xiēIt is relatively more hygienic  这些事情都是我来做的zhè xiē shì qing dōu shì wǒ lái zuò deI did all these things 因为我执行力太强了yīn wèi wǒ zhí xíng lì tài qiáng leBecause my executive ability is very strong 他们都慢悠悠地，没人去弄tā men dōu màn yōu yōu de，méi rén qù nòngThey were all slow, and no one would do it 只有我做了zhǐ yǒu wǒ zuò leOnly I did it 到时候入住酒店我会录音dào shí hou rù zhù jiǔ diàn wǒ huì lù yīnI will record when checking into the hotel 再来和大家分享如何办理酒店入住zài lái hé dà jiā fēn xiǎng rú hé bàn lǐ jiǔ diàn rù zhùThen I will share with you how to check into a hotel 这次我们不想很累zhè cì wǒ men bù xiǎng hěn lèiWe don't want to be too tired this time 就想在酒店里歇着jiù xiǎng zài jiǔ diàn lǐ xiē zheWe just want to rest in the hotel 这个酒店很大，酒店里面就是一个很大的园林zhè ge jiǔ diàn hěn dà，jiǔ diàn lǐ miàn jiù shì yī gè hěn dà de yuán línThis hotel is very big, and there is a large garden inside 每天在自然环境中散步就很舒服了měi tiān zài zì rán huán jìng zhōng sàn bù jiù hěn shū fu leIt's very comfortable to walk in the natural environment every day 当然，我们都带着孩子dāng rán，wǒ men dōu dài zhe hái ziOf course, we all bring our children 免不了要陪着孩子玩miǎn bù liǎo yào péi zhe hái zi wánWe inevitably have to play with the children 反正有了孩子之后再也没有以前的惬意度假了fǎn zhèng yǒu le hái zi zhī hòu zài yě méi yǒu yǐ qián de qiè yì dù jià leAnyway, after having children, we could no longer have the comfortable vacations we used to have

今天我们聊聊做饭Jīntiān wǒmen liáoliáo zuòfànToday, let's talk about cooking. 很多人都会说，Hěnduō rén dōu huì shuō,Many people will say, 中国人花在做饭上的时间太多了Zhōngguórén huā zài zuòfàn shàng de shíjiān tài duō leChinese people spend too much time on cooking. 我知道很多国家的人对吃饭不讲究Wǒ zhīdào hěnduō guójiā de rén duì chīfàn bù jiǎngjiuI know people in many countries don't pay much attention to meals. 能吃饱，能摄入各种营养，就可以了Néng chībǎo, néng shèrù gè zhǒng yíngyǎng, jiù kěyǐ leAs long as they can fill their stomachs and get various nutrients,that's enough. 可是中国人会把食材做成各种美食Kěshì Zhōngguórén huì bǎ shícái zuòchéng gè zhǒng měishíBut Chinese people turn ingredients into all kinds of delicious food. 而且每个地区的人都有自己的特色美食Érqiě měi gè dìqū de rén dōu yǒu zìjǐ de tèsè měishíMoreover, people in each region have their own characte’ristic cuisines. 种类异常丰富Zhǒnglèi yìcháng fēngfùThe variety is extremely abundant. 很多人也很喜欢在社交媒体上分享自己的做菜教程Hěnduō rén yě hěn xǐhuān zài shèjiāo méitǐ shàng fēnxiǎng zìjǐ de zuòcài jiàochéngMany people also like to share their cooking tutorials on social media. 以前是图文，现在是视频Yǐqián shì túwén, xiànzài shì shìpínIt used to be pictures and text, but now it's videos. 内容非常丰富，有拍不完的菜品Nèiróng fēicháng fēngfù, yǒu pāi bù wán de càipǐnThe content is very rich, with endless dishes to film. 新冠疫情的那段时间Xīnguān yìqíng de nà duàn shíjiānDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 大家有更多的时间待在家里Dàjiā yǒu gèng duō de shíjiān dài zài jiālǐpeople had more time to stay at home. 就在网上学习各种教程Jiù zài wǎngshàng xuéxí gè zhǒng jiàochéngThey learned various tutorials online, 然后自己在家里做美食Ránhòu zìjǐ zài jiālǐ zuò měishíand then cook delicious food by themselves at home. 哦，对了Ó, duì leOh, right. 虽然我们今天讲的是做饭，但其实是做菜Suīrán wǒmen jīntiān jiǎng de shì zuòfàn, dàn qíshí shì zuòcàiAlthough we're talking about "making rice" today, we actually mean cooking meals. 我们通常说“做饭”，是指做一顿饭Wǒmen tōngcháng shuō "zuòfàn", shì zhǐ zuò yī dùn fànWe usually use "zuòfàn" to mean preparing a whole meal, 包括了所有要吃的食物Bāokuò le suǒyǒu yào chī de shíwùwhich includes all the food to be eaten. 而“做菜”，是指除了米饭等主食以外的菜Ér "zuòcài", shì zhǐ chú le mǐfàn děng zhǔshí yǐwài de càiWhile "zuòcài" refers to dishes other than staple food like rice. 我小时候没怎么做过饭Wǒ xiǎoshíhou méi zěnme zuòguò fànI didn't cook much when I was a kid. 长大了有了自己的家庭，就需要天天做饭了Zhǎng dà le yǒu le zìjǐ de jiātíng, jiù xūyào tiāntiān zuòfàn leWhen I grew up and had my own family, I needed to cook every day. 我的邻居，她很懒，不做饭Wǒ de línjū, tā hěn lǎn, bù zuòfànMy neighbor is very lazy and doesn't cook. 一家三口每天在外面吃Yī jiā sān kǒu měitiān zài wàimiàn chīHer family of three eats out every day, 或者点外卖吃Huòzhě diǎn wàimài chīor orders takeout. 我觉得她很不负责任Wǒ juédé tā hěn bù fùzérènI think she's very irresponsible. 因为外面餐厅用的食材、调料、油等等都不太好Yīnwèi wàimiàn cāntīng yòng de shícái、tiáoliào、yóu děngděng dōu bù tài hǎoBecause the ingredients, seasonings, oil, etc., used in restaurants outside are not very good. 也都不会洗的很干净Yě dōu bù huì xǐ de hěn gānjìngThey are not washed very clean either. 也会放一些添加剂Yě huì fàng yīxiē tiānjiājìThey also add some food additives. 哎，但是这是人家自己的事情了Āi, dànshì zhè shì rénjia zìjǐ de shìqing leAh, but this is their own business after all. 有一段时间Yǒu yī duàn shíjiānFor a period of time, 我做了一顿饭给他们送过去Wǒ zuò le yī dùn fàn gěi tāmen sòng guòqùI cooked a meal and sent it to them, 之后她做一顿饭给我送过来Zhīhòu tā zuò le yī dùn fàn gěi wǒ sòng guòláiand later she cooked a meal and sent it to me. 这样我们各自都可以少做一顿饭Zhèyàng wǒmen gèzì dōu kěyǐ shǎo zuò yī dùn fànThis way, each of us could cook one less meal. 是很美好的邻里关系Shì hěn měihǎo de línlǐ guānxiIt was a very nice neighborly relationship. 可是这也只是很短暂的一段时光Kěshì zhè yě zhǐ shì hěn duǎnzàn de yī duàn shíguāngBut this was only a very short period of time. 网上有很多博主很喜欢做美食Wǎngshàng yǒu hěnduō bózhǔ hěn xǐhuān zuò měishíThere are many bloggers online who like to cook delicious food.

今天是我们中国文学专栏的第一期Jīn tiān shì wǒ men Zhōng guó wén xué zhuān lán de dì yī qīToday is the first episode of our Chinese Literature column 我想了一下Wǒ xiǎng le yī xiàI've thought about it 这第一本书应该是哪本呢Zhè dì yī běn shū yīng gāi shì nǎ běn neWhich book should be the first one? 2024年中国3A游戏“黑神话悟空”很火2024 nián Zhōng guó 3A yóu xì "Hēi Shén Huà Wù Kōng" hěn huǒIn 2024, the Chinese 3A game "Black Myth: Wukong" is very popular 那我们从《西游记》讲起吗Nà wǒ men cóng 《Xī Yóu Jì》jiǎng qǐ maShall we start with "Journey to the West"? 2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主是中国的莫言2012 nián Nuò bèi ěr Wén xué Jiǎng dé zhǔ shì Zhōng guó de Mò YánThe 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature winner is China's Mo Yan 那我们从他的书讲起吗Nà wǒ men cóng tā de shū jiǎng qǐ maShall we start with his books? 2015年雨果奖最佳长篇小说奖颁给了一位中国科幻作家2015 nián Yǔ guǒ Jiǎng zuì jiā cháng piān xiǎo shuō Jiǎng bān gěi le yī wèi Zhōng guó kē huàn zuò jiāThe 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel was awarded to a Chinese science fiction writer 很多名人都推荐这本书Hěn duō míng rén dōu tuī jiàn zhè běn shūMany celebrities have recommended this book 那我们就从这本《三体》开始吧Nà wǒ men jiù cóng zhè běn 《Sān Tǐ》kāi shǐ baThen let's start with this book, "The Three-Body Problem" 《三体》的作者是刘慈欣《Sān Tǐ》de zuò zhě shì Liú Cí XīnThe author of "The Three-Body Problem" is Liu Cixin 1963年出生于北京1963 nián chū shēng yú Běi jīngBorn in Beijing in 1963 曾在某个电厂当计算机工程师Céng zài mǒu gè diàn chǎng dāng jì suàn jī gōng chéng shīOnce worked as a computer engineer at a power plant 《三体》是一部科幻小说《Sān Tǐ》shì yī bù kē huàn xiǎo shuō"The Three-Body Problem" is a science fiction novel 分为三部Fēn wèi sān bùIt is divided into three parts 天文学家叶文洁联系上了4光年外的 “三体文明”Tiān wén xué jiā Yè Wén Jié lián xì shàng le 4 guāng nián wài de "Sān Tǐ Wén míng"Astronomer Ye Wenjie made contact with the "Trisolaran Civilization"  4 light-years away 三体星球的环境极其恶劣Sān Tǐ xīng qiú de huán jìng jí qí è lièThe environment of the Trisolaran planet is extremely harsh 文明多次毁灭又重生Wén míng duō cì huǐ miè yòu chóng shēngThe civilization has been destroyed and reborn many times 当他们发现了地球的宜居环境后Dāng tā men fā xiàn le dì qiú de yí jū huán jìng hòuAfter they discovered the habitable environment of Earth 他们决定入侵地球Tā men jué dìng rù qīn dì qiúThey decided to invade Earth 展开了地球与外星文明的命运博弈Zhǎn kāi le dì qiú yǔ wài xīng wén míng de mìng yùn bó yìThus began a fateful game between Earth and the alien civilization 故事中有宏大的宇宙想象Gù shì zhōng yǒu hóng dà de yǔ zhòu xiǎng xiàngThe story contains grand cosmic  imaginations 也藏着对人性和文明的思考Yě cáng zhe duì rén xìng hé wén míng de sī kǎoIt also hides reflections on human nature and civilization 《三体》里有一个著名的 “黑暗森林法则”《Sān Tǐ》lǐ yǒu yī gè zhù míng de "Hēi àn Sēn Lín Fǎ Zé"There is a famous "Dark Forest Law" in "The Three-Body Problem" 宇宙如同一片黑暗的森林Yǔ zhòu rú tóng yī piàn hēi àn de sēn línThe universe is like a dark forest 每个文明都是带枪的猎人Měi gè wén míng dōu shì dài qiāng de liè rénEvery civilization is a hunter with a gun 小心翼翼隐藏自己的踪迹Xiǎo xīn yì yì yǐn cáng zì jǐ de zōng jìCarefully hiding its own traces 一旦某个文明暴露了自己的坐标Yī dàn mǒu gè wén míng bào lù le zì jǐ de zuò biāoOnce a civilization exposes its coordinates 其他文明就会将其消灭Qí tā wén míng jiù huì jiāng qí xiāo mièOther civilizations will eliminate it 我们来读一读书里的文字Wǒ men lái dú yī dú shū lǐ de wén zìLet's read some lines from the book 你的无畏来源于无知Nǐ de wú wèi lái yuán yú wú zhīYour fearlessness stems from ignorance 我们都是阴沟里的虫子，但总还是得有人仰望星空 。Wǒ men dōu shì yīn gōu lǐ de chóng zi ，dàn zǒng hái shì děi yǒu rén yǎng wàng xīng kōng 。We are all worms in the gutter, but someone has to look up at the stars. 我爱你，与你有何相干？毁灭你，又与你有何相干 ？Wǒ ài nǐ ，yǔ nǐ yǒu hé xiāng gān ？Huǐ miè nǐ ，yòu yǔ nǐ yǒu hé xiāng gān ？I love you, what does that have to do with you? Destroying you, what does that have to do with you?

最近有一个名人Zuì jìn yǒu yī gè míng rénRecently, there was a celebrity 一个公众人物Yī gè gōng zhòng rén wùA public figure 在他的直播间吐槽了某个知名餐厅品牌Zài tā de zhí bō jiān tǔ cáo le mǒu gè zhī míng cān tīng pǐn páiHe ranted about a well-known restaurant brand in his live stream 说它价格很高但却提供的是预制菜Shuō tā jià gé hěn gāo dàn què tí gōng de shì yù zhì càiSaying that its prices are very high but it serves pre-made dishes 这成了一个网络热点话题Zhè chéng le yī gè wǎng luò rè diǎn huà tíThis became a hot topic on the internet 这个餐厅品牌拥有非常多的连锁店Zhè ge cān tīng pǐn pái yōng yǒu fēi cháng duō de lián suǒ diànThis restaurant brand has a large number of chain stores 以西北菜为特色Yǐ Xīběi cài wèi tè sèIt features Northwestern Chinese cuisine 它的价格真的偏高Tā de jià gé zhēn de piān gāoIts prices are really on the high side 但有孩子的家庭也愿意为高品质付出溢价Dàn yǒu hái zi de jiā tíng yě yuàn yì wèi gāo pǐn zhì fù chū yì jiàBut families with children are willing to pay a premium for high quality 但这次却爆出它们用的是预制菜Dàn zhè cì què bào chū tā men yòng de shì yù zhì càiBut this time it was exposed that they use pre-made dishes 什么是预制菜Shén me shì yù zhì càiWhat are pre-made dishes? 就是提前做好了，冷冻起来Jiù shì tí qián zuò hǎo le ，lěng dòng qǐ láiThey are dishes made in advance and frozen 或者添加防腐剂，密封起来Huò zhě tiān jiā fáng fǔ jì ，mì fēng qǐ láiOr preserved with preservatives and sealed 顾客点了这道菜Gù kè diǎn le zhè dào càiWhen a customer orders the dish 就把它拿出来加热Jiù bǎ tā ná chū lái jiā rèThey just take it out and reheat it 可以说现在大多数的餐厅都是用的预制菜Kě yǐ shuō xiàn zài dà duō shù de cān tīng dōu shì yòng de yù zhì càiIt can be said that most restaurants now use pre-made dishes 但大多是低价Dàn dà duō shì dī jiàBut most of them are low-priced 且坦诚告知顾客是预制菜Qiě tǎn chéng gào zhī gù kè shì yù zhì càiAnd honestly inform customers that they are pre-made 这个餐厅品牌的老板马上出来辩解Zhè ge cān tīng pǐn pái de lǎo bǎn mǎ shàng chū lái biàn jiěThe boss of this restaurant brand immediately came out to defend himself 这个事情如此有热度Zhè ge shì qíng rú cǐ yǒu rè dùThis event became so popular 也是因为这位老板的回应让网友们很反感Yě shì yīn wèi zhè wèi lǎo bǎn de huí yìng ràng wǎng yǒu men hěn fǎn gǎnAlso because the boss's response annoyed netizens a lot 他一副高高在上，要教育消费者的姿态Tā yī fù gāo gāo zài shàng ，yào jiào yù xiāo fèi zhě de zī tàiHe had an arrogant attitude, as if he was going to educate consumers 说是这位名人故意的Shuō shì zhè wèi míng rén gù yì deHe said the celebrity did it on purpose 说顾客难伺候Shuō gù kè nán cì houAnd that customers are hard to please 这样就让网友们很愤怒Zhè yàng jiù ràng wǎng yǒu men hěn fèn nùThis made netizens very angry 有很多博主也持续地讨论这个话题Yǒu hěn duō bó zhǔ yě chí xù dì tǎo lùn zhè ge huà tíMany bloggers also continued to discuss this topic 我在这个餐厅里还有充值呢Wǒ zài zhè ge cān tīng lǐ hái yǒu chōng zhí neI still have stored value in this restaurant 我想着抽个空去把充值都用了吧Wǒ xiǎng zhe chōu gè kōng qù bǎ chōng zhí dōu yòng le baI'm thinking of finding time to use up all the stored value 一方面它的品质并不好Yī fāng miàn tā de pǐn zhì bìng bù hǎoOn one hand, its quality is not good 另一方面也怕它倒闭了Lìng yī fāng miàn yě pà tā dǎo bì leOn the other hand, I'm also afraid it will go out of business 哈哈，其实它是个非常大的品牌Hā hā ，qí shí tā shì gè fēi cháng dà de pǐn páiHaha, actually, it's a very big brand 一时半会儿不会倒闭的Yī shí bàn huì er bù huì dǎo bì deIt won't go out of business anytime soon 我们今天的主题叫危机公关Wǒ men jīn tiān de zhǔ tí jiào wēi jī gōng guānOur topic today is crisis public relations 这样严重影响企业经营的突发事件Zhè yàng yán zhòng yǐng xiǎng qǐ yè jīng yíng de tū fā shì jiànSuch sudden incidents that seriously affect business operations 就是一场危机公关了Jiù shì yī chǎng wēi jī gōng guān leAre a case of crisis public relations 一般大公司都会有公关部门Yī bān dà gōng sī dōu huì yǒu gōng guān bù ménGenerally, large companies have a public relations department 对于危机情况也有预案Duì yú wēi jī qíng kuàng yě yǒu yù ànAnd they also have contingency plans for crisis situations

你知道短剧吗Nǐ zhī dào duǎn jù maDo you know about short dramas? 就是在短视频盛行的现在Jiù shì zài duǎn shì pín shèng xíng de xiàn zàiThat is, in the current era where short videos are prevalent 出现的一种电视剧Chū xiàn de yī zhǒng diàn shì jùA type of TV drama that has emerged 它的特点是一集非常短Tā de tè diǎn shì yī jí fēi cháng duǎnIts characte’ristic is that each episode is very short 可能只有几分钟Kě néng zhǐ yǒu jǐ fēn zhōngIt may be only a few minutes long 而且剧情很狗血Ér qiě jù qíng hěn gǒu xiěAnd the plot is very melodramatic  (or "cheesy") 它们抓住人性的缺点Tā men zhuā zhù rén xìng de quē diǎnThey seize on the flaws of human nature 来吸引观众的眼球Lái xī yǐn guān zhòng de yǎn qiúTo catch the audience's attention 比如，穿越到古代做一个富豪Bǐ rú, chuān yuè dào gǔ dài zuò yī gè fù háoFor example, traveling back to ancient times to become a wealthy person 这种模式最早在中国出现Zhè zhǒng mó shì zuì zǎo zài zhōng guó chū xiànThis model first appeared in China 现在中国人把这一套复制到了其它国家Xiàn zài zhōng guó rén bǎ zhè yī tào fù zhì dào le qí tā guó jiāNowadays, Chinese people have copied this model to other countries 我听说美国的短剧也很火Wǒ tīng shuō měi guó de duǎn jù yě hěn huǒI heard that short dramas are also very popular in the United States 像什么总统爱上清洁工什么的Xiàng shén me zǒng tǒng ài shàng qīng jié gōng shén me deLike plots such as "the president falls in love with a cleaner" 对于我们有学识有文化的人来说Duì yú wǒ men yǒu xué shí yǒu wén huà de rén lái shuōFor people like us who are educated and cultured 这个现象真的有些恶心Zhè ge xiàn xiàng zhēn de yǒu xiē ě xīnThis phenomenon  is really somewhat disgusting 但是这是否就是一种劣币驱逐良币呢Dàn shì zhè shì fǒu jiù shì yī zhǒng liè bì qū zhú liáng bì neBut is this a case of "bad money driving out good money"?  你是否看过一本书叫《娱乐至死》Nǐ shì fǒu kàn guò yī běn shū jiào 《Yú Lè Zhì Sǐ》Have you read a book called "Amusing Ourselves to Death"? 作者担心电视会让人堕落Zuò zhě dān xīn diàn shì huì ràng rén duò luòThe author was worried that television would make people degenerate   如果作者看到现在的互联网的情况Rú guǒ zuò zhě kàn dào xiàn zài de hù lián wǎng de qíng kuàngIf the author saw the current state of the Internet 不知道作何感想Bù zhī dào zuò hé gǎn xiǎngI wonder what thoughts he would have 有些人说Yǒu xiē rén shuōSome people say 现在的移动互联网和短视频，还有AIXiàn zài de yí dòng hù lián wǎng hé duǎn shì pín, hái yǒu AIToday's mobile Internet, short videos, and AI 让人更加的两极分化Ràng rén gèng jiā de liǎng jí fēn huàAre making people more polarized  很多的人迷失在及时享乐中Hěn duō de rén mí shī zài jí shí xiǎng lè zhōngMany people are lost in instant gratification  少数人积极进取，提高自己的认知Shǎo shù rén jī jí jìn qǔ, tí gāo zì jǐ de rèn zhīA small number of people are proactive and strive to improve their cognitive abilities 你喜欢看短剧吗？Nǐ xǐ huān kàn duǎn jù ma?Do you like watching short dramas? 你是否每天被大量的碎片信息所淹没呢Nǐ shì fǒu měi tiān bèi dà liàng de suì piàn xìn xī suǒ yān mò neAre you overwhelmed by a large amount of fragmented information every day? 你每天刷多长时间的短视频呢Nǐ měi tiān shuā duō cháng shí jiān de duǎn shì pín neHow much time do you spend scrolling through short videos every day?

今天我们来聊聊中国的电子支付Jīntiān wǒmen lái liáoliáo Zhōngguó de diànzǐ zhīfùToday, let's talk about electronic payment in China. 之前的节目我们讲过Zhīqián de jiémù wǒmen jiǎng guòAs we mentioned in previous episodes, 中国的电子支付已经非常普遍Zhōngguó de diànzǐ zhīfù yǐjīng fēicháng pǔbiànelectronic payment in China has become very widespread. 普遍到什么程度呢Pǔbiàn dào shénme chéngdù neHow widespread is it exactly? 连路边摆摊卖菜的老人都用二维码收款Lián lùbiān bǎitān mài cài de lǎorén dōu yòng èrwéimǎ shōukuǎnEven elderly people who set up street stalls to sell vegetables use QR codes to receive payments. 绝大多数在中国的人，身上没有现金Juédàduōshù zài Zhōngguó de rén, shēnshang méiyǒu xiànjīnThe vast majority of people in China don't carry cash with them. 所有的商业都可以用二维码支付Suǒyǒu de shāngyè dōu kěyǐ yòng èrwéimǎ zhīfùAll commercial transactions can be completed via QR code payment. 大部分的餐厅都可以扫二维码点餐Dàbùfèn de cāntīng dōu kěyǐ sǎo èrwéimǎ diǎncānMost restaurants allow customers to scan QR codes to order food. 个人与个人之间的资金往来Gèrén yǔ gèrén zhījiān de zījīn wǎngláiFund transfers between individuals 也是用手机支付Yě shì yòng shǒujī zhīfùare also done through mobile payment. 小孩子没有自己的手机Xiǎoháizi méiyǒu zìjǐ de shǒujīChildren don't have their own mobile phones, 但是通常会有一种设备叫做电话手表Dànshì tōngcháng huì yǒu yī zhǒng shèbèi jiàozuò diànhuà shǒubiǎobut they usually have a device called a "phone watch". 和iwatch这一类的智能手表类似Hé iwatch zhè yī lèi de zhìnéng shǒubiǎo lèisìIt's similar to smartwatches like the Apple Watch, 但是功能很少Dànshì gōngnéng hěn shǎobut with far fewer functions. 也可以扫码支付Yě kěyǐ sǎomǎ zhīfùIt can also be used to scan codes for payment. 下到小学生Xià dào xiǎoxuéshēngFrom primary school students, 上到七八十岁的老人Shàng dào qī bā shí suì de lǎorénto elderly people in their 70s and 80s, 都用电子支付Dōu yòng diànzǐ zhīfùeveryone uses electronic payment, 也就是手机支付Yě jiù shì shǒujī zhīfùwhich is essentially mobile payment. 这样的情况真的太便利了Zhèyàng de qíngkuàng zhēn de tài biànlì leThis situation is really extremely convenient. 电子支付的发展也才几年的时间Diànzǐ zhīfù de fāzhǎn yě cái jǐ nián de shíjiānThe development of electronic payment has only taken a few years. 也许是由于中国人口太多Yěxǔ shì yóuyú Zhōngguó rénkǒu tài duōMaybe it's because China has a huge population, 加上商家用力推广的结果吧Jiāshàng shāngjiā yònglì tuīguǎng de jiéguǒ bacoupled with the strong promotion efforts by merchants.

中文里的12个月的名字非常简单  Zhōngwén lǐ de shí'èr gè yuè de míngzi fēicháng jiǎndān  The names of the 12 months in Chinese are very simple   一月，二月，三月  Yī yuè, èr yuè, sān yuè  January, February, March   一直到十二月  Yìzhí dào shí'èr yuè  all the way to December   以前我的一个英国朋友却说  Yǐqián wǒ de yīgè Yīngguó péngyǒu què shuō  Once, a British friend of mine said, however   虽然简单，但是每次都要去数  Suīrán jiǎndān, dànshì měi cì dōu yào qù shǔ  Although they are simple, you have to count them every time   她的话让我看到了不同语言的思维差异  Tā de huà ràng wǒ kàndào le bùtóng yǔyán de sīwéi chāyì  Her words made me see the differences in thinking between different languages   我觉得英语的月份更难  Wǒ juédé Yīngyǔ de yuèfèn gèng nán  I think English months are more difficult   因为每个月都有不同的名字  Yīnwèi měi gè yuè dōu yǒu bùtóng de míngzi  Because each month has a different name   而且似乎毫无关联  Érqiě sìhū háo wú guānlián  and they seem to have no connection at all   英语国家的人觉得中文的月份更难  Yīngyǔ guójiā de rén juédé Zhōngwén de yuèfèn gèng nán  People from English-speaking countries find Chinese months more difficult   因为要去数现在是第几个月  Yīnwèi yào qù shǔ xiànzài shì dì jǐ gè yuè  Because they have to count which month it is now   同样的，中文里一周的名字也很简单  Tóngyàng de, Zhōngwén lǐ yī zhōu de míngzi yě fēicháng jiǎndān  Similarly, the names of the days of the week in Chinese are also very simple   周一，周二，一直到周日  Zhōu yī, Zhōu èr, yìzhí dào Zhōu rì  Monday, Tuesday, all the way to Sunday   周日之所以不叫周七  Zhōu rì zhī suǒyǐ bù jiào Zhōu qī  The reason Sunday is not called "Week Seven"   是因为它是礼拜日  Shì yīnwèi tā shì Lǐbài Rì  is because it is the day for worship)   我们也把周一至周六叫做礼拜一至礼拜六  Wǒmen yě bǎ Zhōu yī zhì Zhōu liù jiàozuò Lǐbài Yī zhì Lǐbài Liù  We also call Monday to Saturday 礼拜一 to 礼拜六   这样的说法多用于口语中  Zhèyàng de shuōfǎ duō yòng yú kǒuyǔ zhōng  This way of speaking is mostly used in spoken language   还可以说星期一，星期二，直到星期日  Hái kěyǐ shuō Xīngqī Yī, Xīngqī Èr, zhídào Xīngqī Rì  We can also say "Monday" (Xīngqī Yī), "Tuesday" (Xīngqī Èr), all the way to "Sunday" (Xīngqī Rì)   这个疑惑同样也存在于以中文为母语的小朋友身上  Zhège yíhuò tóngyàng yě cúnzài yú yǐ Zhōngwén wèi mǔyǔ de xiǎopéngyǒu shēnshàng  This confusion also exists among children who speak Chinese as their mother tongue   像我的孩子，她们会有些疑惑  Xiàng wǒ de háizi, tāmen huì yǒuxiē yíhuò  For example, my children have some doubts about this   我也不是很好解释其中原因  Wǒ yě bù shì hěn hǎo jiěshì qízhōng yuányīn  I also find it hard to explain the reason behind it   因为她们还不懂礼拜的意思  Yīnwèi tāmen hái bù dǒng lǐbài de yìsi  Because they don't yet understand the meaning of "worship"   所以我和她们以前一直说周七或星期七  Suǒyǐ wǒ hé tāmen yǐqián yìzhí shuō Zhōu qī huò Xīngqī Qī  So in the past, I always said 周七or 星期七 with them   我的理念是  Wǒ de lǐniàn shì  My philosophy is   孩子开心轻松  Háizi kāixīn qīngsōng  as long as the children are happy and relaxed   不要在乎那些条条框框  Bùyào zàihū nàxiē tiáotiáokuàngkuàng  don't worry about those rigid rules   我们再来看四个季节  Wǒmen zài lái kàn sì gè jìjié  Let's take a look at the four seasons   春天，夏天，秋天，冬天  Chūntiān, xiàtiān, qiūtiān, dōngtiān  spring, summer, autumn, winter   更为书面化的说法是  Gèng wéi shūmiàn huà de shuōfǎ shì  A more formal written expression is   春季，夏季，秋季，冬季  Chūnjì, xiàjì, qiūjì, dōngjì  Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter   比如，夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会  Bǐrú, Xiàjì Àoyùnhuì hé Dōngjì Àoyùnhuì  For example, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics   学生的春季学期和秋季学期  Xuéshēng de Chūnjì Xuéqī hé Qiūjì Xuéqī  students' spring semester and autumn semester   还有一种说法是春日，夏日，秋日，冬日  Hái yǒu yī zhǒng shuōfǎ shì chūnrì, xiàrì, qiūrì, dōngrì  There is another way to say it: "spring day" (chūnrì), "summer day" (xiàrì), "autumn day" (qiūrì), "winter day" (dōngrì)   这种说法就比较诗意  Zhè zhǒng shuōfǎ jiù bǐjiào shīyì  This expression is more poetic  比如，春日郊游，春天里的郊游  Bǐrú, chūnrì jiāoyóu, chūntiān lǐ de jiāoyóu  For example, "spring outing" – an outing in spring  

今天的内容源自一封听友的来信  Jīntiān de nèiróng yuán zì yī fēng tīngyǒu de lái xìn  Today's content comes from an email from a listener   这位听友给我发邮件  Zhè wèi tīngyǒu gěi wǒ fā yóujiàn  This listener sent me an email   写到了他对这个播客节目的建议  Xiě dào le tā duì zhège bōkè jiémù de jiànyì  In it, he wrote down his suggestions for this podcast   他希望讲一些中国文学的内容  Tā xīwàng jiǎng yīxiē zhōngguó wénxué de nèiróng  He hopes to have some content about Chinese literature   可以是古典名著，或现代小说  Kěyǐ shì gǔdiǎn míngzhù, huò xiàndài xiǎoshuō  It can be classic masterpieces or modern novels   非常感谢你的建议  Fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐ de jiànyì  Thank you very much for your suggestion   那么我将在节目中开启一个中国文学的专栏  Nàme wǒ jiāng zài jiémù zhōng kāiqǐ yīgè zhōngguó wénxué de zhuānlán  So I will launch a column on Chinese literature in the program   介绍中国的名著  Jièshào zhōngguó de míngzhù  Introducing Chinese classic works   它们讲了什么  Tāmen jiǎng le shénme  What they are about   它们的创作背景  Tāmen de chuàngzuò bèijǐng  Their creative backgrounds   它们的作者  Tāmen de zuòzhě  Their authors   以及书中的原文文字  Yǐjí shū zhōng de yuánwén wénzì  As well as the original text in the books   通过书中原文，  Tōngguò shū zhōng yuánwén,  Through the original text in the books,   大家可以更多地感受中文的书面语  Dàjiā kěyǐ gèng duō de gǎnshòu zhōngwén de shūmiànyǔ  You can feel Chinese written language more deeply   但就是会比口语难一些  Dàn jiùshì huì bǐ kǒuyǔ nán yīxiē  But it will be a bit more difficult than spoken language   希望大家能喜欢  Xīwàng dàjiā néng xǐhuān  I hope you will like it

上次我们聊了秋天和中秋节Shàngcì wǒmen liáole qiūtiān hé Zhōngqiū JiéLast time we talked about autumn and the Mid-Autumn Festival. 今天我们就来聊聊月饼Jīntiān wǒmen jiù lái liáoliao yuèbǐngToday we are going to talk about mooncakes. 月饼是中秋节期间吃的食物Yuèbǐng shì Zhōngqiū Jié qījiān chī de shíwùMooncakes are food eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. 但是现在人们大都不喜欢吃月饼了Dànshì xiànzài rénmen dàdōu bù xǐhuān chī yuèbǐng leBut now most people don't like eating mooncakes anymore. 也许是因为好吃的东西太多了Yěxǔ shì yīnwèi hǎochī de dōngxi tài duō leMaybe it's because there are too many delicious things (to choose from). 而且月饼太甜，不太健康Érqiě yuèbǐng tài tián, bù tài jiànkāngMoreover, mooncakes are too sweet and not very healthy. 小时候，我的姑姑，也就是我爸爸的姐姐Xiǎoshíhou, wǒ de gūgu, yějiù shì wǒ bàba de jiějieWhen I was a child, my aunt, who is my father's elder sister, 在糖果厂工作Zài tángguǒ chǎng gōngzuòworked in a candy factory. 所以那时候我和堂姐一起吃了很多的月饼Suǒyǐ nà shíhou wǒ hé tángjiě yīqǐ chī le hěnduō de yuèbǐngSo at that time, my cousin (my father's sister's daughter) and I ate a lot of mooncakes together. 我们常常只吃月饼外面的面皮Wǒmen chángcháng zhǐ chī yuèbǐng wàimiàn de miànpíWe often only ate the outer crust of the mooncakes, 留下里面的馅儿不吃Liúxià lǐmiàn de xiànr bù chīand left the filling inside uneaten. 现在我年龄大了Xiànzài wǒ niánlíng dà leNow that I'm getting older, 更是不喜欢吃里面的馅儿Gèng shì bù xǐhuān chī lǐmiàn de xiànrI like the filling even less, 因为太甜了Yīnwèi tài tián lebecause it's too sweet. 最经典的月饼就是莲蓉蛋黄月饼Zuì jīngdiǎn de yuèbǐng jiù shì liánróng dànhuáng yuèbǐngThe most classic mooncake is the lotus seed paste with salted egg yolk mooncake. 现在的商家做了非常多的乱七八糟的馅儿Xiànzài de shāngjiā zuò le fēicháng duō de luànqībāzāo de xiànrNowadays, merchants make a lot of messy and random fillings. 好吃的很少Hǎochī de hěn shǎoVery few of them are delicious. 中国传统节日美食还有端午节的粽子Zhōngguó chuántǒng jiérì měishí hái yǒu Duānwǔ Jié de zòngziAnother traditional Chinese festival food is zongzi for the Dragon Boat Festival. 也是被做成奇奇怪怪的口味了Yě shì bèi zuòchéng qíqíguàiguài de kǒuwèi leThey have also been made into weird and strange flavors. 它们主要的功能是送礼Tāmen zhǔyào de gōngnéng shì sònglǐTheir main function is to be given as gifts. 这就要说到月饼的重要属性了Zhè jiù yào shuōdào yuèbǐng de zhòngyào shǔxìng leThis brings us to an important attribute of mooncakes, 那就是礼品Nà jiù shì lǐpǐnwhich is being a gift item. 月饼礼盒Yuèbǐng lǐhéMooncake gift boxes— 商家们把月饼礼盒做得非常精美Shāngjiāmen bǎ yuèbǐng lǐhé zuò de fēicháng jīngměimerchants make these gift boxes very exquisite, 就是为了在中秋节前大家送礼Jiù shì wèile zài Zhōngqiū Jié qián dàjiā sònglǐjust so that people can give them as gifts before the Mid-Autumn Festival. 一盒月饼里面最贵的部分就是盒子了Yī hé yuèbǐng lǐmiàn zuì guì de bùfen jiù shì hézi leThe most expensive part of a box of mooncakes is the box itself. 通常是商务上的礼尚往来Tōngcháng shì shāngwù shàng de lǐshàngwǎngláiIt usually serves as a token for reciprocity courtesy for business 一盒月饼你送给我，我送给他Yī hé yuèbǐng nǐ sòng gěi wǒ, wǒ sòng gěi tāYou give me a box of mooncakes, I give it to someone else, 谁都不想吃Shéi dōu bù xiǎng chīand no one actually wants to eat them. 有时候我们家中秋节前Yǒushíhou wǒmen jiā Zhōngqiū Jié qiánSometimes before the Mid-Autumn Festival, 会收到好多盒包装精美的月饼礼盒Huì shōudào hǎoduō hé bāozhuāng jīngměi de yuèbǐng lǐhéour family receives many beautifully packaged mooncake gift boxes. 最后实在是送不出去了Zuìhòu shízài shì sòng bù chūqù leIn the end, when we really can't give them away anymore, 就只能自己吃了Jiù zhǐ néng zìjǐ chī lewe have to eat them ourselves. 吃到恶心Chī dào ěxīnUntil we feel sick of eating them. 在几十年前，物资匮乏的年代Zài jǐ shí nián qián, wùzī kuìfá de niándàiDecades ago, in the era of material scarcity,  一年能吃一次月饼，应该是很期待的事情Yī nián néng chī yī cì yuèbǐng, yīnggāi shì hěn qīdài de shìqingbeing able to eat mooncakes once a year was something to look forward to. 而现在，好吃的零食太多了Ér xiànzài, hǎochī de língshí tài duō leBut now, there are too many delicious snacks,

9月，已经进入了秋天Jiǔ Yuè, yǐjīng jìnrù le qiūtiānSeptember has arrived, and autumn is already here. 气温降到了30度以下Qìwēn jiàng dào le sānshí dù yǐxiàThe temperature has dropped below 30 degrees Celsius.  天气非常舒适Tiānqì fēicháng shūshìThe weather is very comfortable. 中文里常说“秋高气爽”Zhōngwén lǐ cháng shuō "qiū gāo qì shuǎng"In Chinese, people often say  (the sky is high and the air is cool). 形容秋天天空高远、空气清新凉爽Xíngróng qiūtiān tiānkōng gāoyuǎn, kōngqì qīngxīn liángshuǎngIt describes autumn as having a high sky, fresh and cool air. 一叶知秋Yī yè zhī qiū(A single fallen leaf indicates the arrival of autumn). 意思是从一片树叶的凋落，就可以知道秋天来了Yìsi shì cóng yī piàn shùyè de diāoluò, jiù kěyǐ zhīdào qiūtiān lái leIt means that one can tell autumn has come from the falling of a single leaf. 春华秋实Chūn huá qiū shí (Flowers bloom in spring and fruits ripen in autumn). 指的是春天开花，秋天结果Zhǐ de shì chūntiān kāihuā, qiūtiān jiéguǒIt refers to the phenomenon that flowers bloom in spring and fruits ripen in autumn. 平分秋色Píng fēn qiū sè(Divide the autumn scenery equally). 比喻双方各占一半，不分高低，实力相当。Bǐyù shuāngfāng gè zhàn yībàn, bù fēn gāodī, shílì xiāngdāng.It is a metaphor meaning both sides are evenly matched, with no distinction between high and low, and equal strength. 秋风扫落叶Qiū fēng sǎo luò yè (The autumn wind sweeps away fallen leaves). 秋天的大风把落叶一下扫光。Qiūtiān de dàfēng bǎ luòyè yīxià sǎoguāng.The strong autumn wind sweeps away all the fallen leaves at once. 一场秋雨一场寒Yī chǎng qiū yǔ yī chǎng hán(Each autumn rain brings a chill). 每下一场秋雨，气温就会下降一些；Měi xià yī chǎng qiū yǔ, qìwēn jiù huì xiàjiàng yīxiē;Every time an autumn rain falls, the temperature drops a little; 我所在的城市成都Wǒ suǒzài de chéngshì ChéngdūThe city where I live is Chengdu. 夏天挺热，冬天阴冷，秋天就很舒服Xiàtiān tǐng rè, dōngtiān yīnlěng, qiūtiān jiù hěn shūfuIt's quite hot in summer, cold and damp in winter, but very comfortable in autumn. 在中国有个奇特的现象Zài Zhōngguó yǒu gè qítè de xiànxiàngThere is a strange phenomenon in China: 北方的冬天气温很低，但室内有暖气很暖和Běifāng de dōngtiān qìwēn hěn dī, dàn shìnèi yǒu nuǎnqì hěn nuǎnhuoIn northern China, the temperature is very low in winter, but the rooms have heating, making them very warm; 而南方的冬天气温最多低到0度左右Ér nánfāng de dōngtiān qìwēn zuìduō dī dào líng dù zuǒyòuwhile in southern China, the winter temperature drops to at most around 0 degrees Celsius, 但没有暖气，所以在室内也穿厚外套Dàn méiyǒu nuǎnqì, suǒyǐ zài shìnèi yě chuān hòu wàitàobut there is no heating, so people still wear thick coats indoors. 但现在很多室内都用了空调或地暖Dàn xiànzài hěnduō shìnèi dōu yòng le kōngtiáo huò dìnuanHowever, now many indoor spaces use air conditioners or underfloor heating. 我们说回秋天Wǒmen shuō huí qiūtiānLet's get back to autumn. 秋天也是非常适合野餐的季节Qiūtiān yě shì fēicháng shìhé yěcān de jìjiéAutumn is also a season very suitable for picnics. 我正等着约上几个好友家庭又来一场野餐呢Wǒ zhèng děngzhe yuē shàng jǐ gè hǎoyǒu jiātíng yòu lái yī chǎng yěcān neI'm waiting to invite several good friends' families for another picnic. 可是他们好像不是很积极Kěshì tāmen hǎoxiàng bù shì hěn jījíBut they don't seem very enthusiastic about it. 所以通常是我们自己一家人去附近的公园野餐Suǒyǐ tōngcháng shì wǒmen zìjǐ yī jiārén qù fùjìn de gōngyuán yěcānSo usually, just my own family goes to the nearby park for a picnic. 到了国庆节，我们的朋友之一从外地回来Dào le Guóqìng Jié, wǒmen de péngyǒu zhī yī cóng wàidì huíláiWhen National Day comes, one of our friends will come back from another city, 我们才会相聚一起来一个大型野餐Wǒmen cái huì xiāngjù yīqǐ lái yīgè dàxíng yěcānand then we will get together for a big picnic. 对的，我们的国庆节是在秋天Duì de, wǒmen de Guóqìng Jié shì zài qiūtiānYes, our National Day is in autumn. 秋天还有中秋节Qiūtiān hái yǒu Zhōngqiū JiéMid-Autumn Festival also falls in autumn. 中秋节是月圆的时候Zhōngqiū Jié shì yuè yuán de shíhouThe Mid-Autumn Festival is when the moon is full. 通常这时候要吃月饼、家人团聚Tōngcháng zhè shíhou yào chī yuèbǐng, jiārén tuánjùUsually, people eat mooncakes and have family reunions at this time. 秋天的食物还有柿子、石榴、螃蟹等等

今天我想聊聊对咱们这个节目的一些想法Jīntiān wǒ xiǎng liáoliáo duì zánmen zhège jiémù de yīxiē xiǎngfǎToday, I want to talk about some thoughts on our podcast. 第一，我不知道大家的中文是什么水平Dìyī, wǒ bù zhīdào dàjiā de Zhōngwén shì shénme shuǐpíngFirst, I don't know what level your Chinese is at. 听我的节目感觉简单还是难呢Tīng wǒ de jiémù gǎnjué jiǎndān háishì nán neDo you find my podcast easy or difficult to listen to? 是否有必要把内容划分成几个级别Shìfǒu yǒu bìyào bǎ nèiróng huàfēn chéng jǐ ge jíbiéIs it necessary to divide the content into several levels? 在每期节目上标注一下级别Zài měi qī jiémù shàng biāozhù yīxià jíbiéMark the level on each episode. 但是我不想要HSK的级别划分Dànshì wǒ bù xiǎng yào HSK de jíbié huàfēnBut I don't want to use the HSK level division. 我们可以有更加灵活的分级方式Wǒmen kěyǐ yǒu gèngjiā línghuó de fēnjí fāngshìWe can have a more flexible way of grading. 同时，我又不想要这些级别限制住了内容Tóngshí, wǒ yòu bù xiǎng yào zhèxiē jíbié xiànzhì zhù le nèiróngAt the same time, I don't want these levels to restrict the content. 毕竟语言的运用是灵活而复杂的Bìjìng yǔyán de yùnyòng shì línghuó ér fùzá deAfter all, the use of language is flexible and complex. 你遇到的人不会说，现在我来跟你说一段level1的话Nǐ yùdào de rén bù huì shuō, xiànzài wǒ lái gēn nǐ shuō yī duàn level1 de huàThe people you meet won't say, "Now I'm going to speak a Level 1 paragraph to you." 第二，每期节目的长度是否合适Dìèr, měi qī jiémù de chángdù shìfǒu héshìSecond, is the length of each episode appropriate? 大家觉得时长可以更短还是更长呢Dàjiā juédé shícháng kěyǐ gèng duǎn háishì gèng cháng neDo you think the duration can be shorter or longer? 内容可以更少还是更多呢Nèiróng kěyǐ gèng shǎo háishì gèng duō neShould there be less or more content? 我个人认为，内容长度太短的话Wǒ gèrén rènwéi, nèiróng chángdù tài duǎn de huàPersonally, I think if the content is too short, 没有什么学习的效果Méiyǒu shénme xuéxí de xiàoguǒit won't have a good learning effect. 语言学习必须大量高频输入Yǔyán xuéxí bìxū dàliàng gāopín shūrùLanguage learning requires a large amount of high-frequency input. 我的小孩在英语启蒙的时候Wǒ de xiǎohái zài Yīngyǔ qǐméng de shíhouWhen my children were in the English enlightenment stage, 看了大量的英语动画片Kàn le dàliàng de Yīngyǔ dònghuàpiànThey watched a lot of English cartoons, 在不知不觉中学会了很多英语Zài bù zhī bù jué zhōng xuéhuì le hěnduō Yīngyǔand unconsciously learned a lot of English. 第三，我打算以后制作一个付费栏目Dìsān, wǒ dǎsuàn yǐhòu zhìzuò yīgè fùfèi lánmùThird, I plan to create a paid column  in the future, 做更加丰富的内容Zuò gèngjiā fēngfù de nèiróngwith more abundant content. 大家希望付费节目里面听到什么样的内容呢Dàjiā xīwàng fùfèi jiémù lǐmiàn tīngdào shénme yàng de nèiróng neWhat kind of content do you hope to hear in the paid program? 比如针对中文考试的Bǐrú zhēnduì Zhōngwén kǎoshì deFor example, content targeted at Chinese exams, 专门讲中国文化的Zhuānmén jiǎng Zhōngguó wénhuà decontent specifically about Chinese culture, 专门讲中国旅游的Zhuānmén jiǎng Zhōngguó lǚyóu decontent specifically about Chinese tourism, 专门讲影视作品的Zhuānmén jiǎng yǐngshì zuòpǐn decontent specifically about film and television works, 专门讲新闻的Zhuānmén jiǎng xīnwén decontent specifically about news, 专门讲商务的Zhuānmén jiǎng shāngwù decontent specifically about business. 这种付费节目最适合放在哪个平台呢Zhè zhǒng fùfèi jiémù zuì shìhé fàng zài nǎge píngtái neWhich platform is most suitable for this kind of paid program? 我的节目在多个平台都有Wǒ de jiémù zài duōge píngtái dōu yǒuMy program is available on multiple platforms, 比如spotify、youtube、apple podcast 等等Bǐrú spotify, youtube, apple podcast děngděngsuch as Spotify, YouTube, Apple Podcast, and so on. 前段时间我修改了节目的名字Qiánduàn shíjiān wǒ xiūgǎi le jiémù de míngziA while ago, I changed the name of the program, 然后spotify的播放量就突然降低了很多Ránhòu spotify de bōfàngliàng jiù tūrán jiàngdī le hěnduōand then the stream count on Spotify suddenly dropped a lot. 有没有朋友知道是什么情况呢Does any listener know what the situation is? 对于以上内容Regarding the above content, 欢迎给我提出好的建议哦you are welcome to give me good suggestions.可以发到我的邮箱You can send them to my email. yoyomo85@gmail.com

今天我们来聊聊做冰淇淋jīn tiān wǒ men lái liáo liáo zuò bīng qí línToday we are going to talk about making ice cream 以前，我做过卖冰淇淋的生意yǐ qián ，wǒ zuò guò mài bīng qí lín de shēng yiI once had a business selling ice cream 所以那时候研究了很多做冰淇淋的方法suǒ yǐ nà shí hou yán jiū le hěn duō zuò bīng qí lín de fāng fǎSo at that time, I researched many ways to make ice cream 还买过Ben & Jerry's的冰淇淋制作书hái mǎi guò Ben & Jerry's de bīng qí lín zhì zuò shūI also bought Ben & Jerry's ice cream making book 我做的不是麦当劳那种软冰淇淋wǒ zuò de bú shì mài dāng láo nà zhǒng ruǎn bīng qí línWhat I made was not the soft-serve ice cream like McDonald's 而是意大利那种硬冰淇淋ér shì yì dà lì nà zhǒng yìng bīng qí línBut the hard ice cream like the Italian kind 通常在商场里有这种冰淇淋的小店tōng cháng zài shāng chǎng lǐ yǒu zhè zhǒng bīng qí lín de xiǎo diànUsually, there are small shops selling this kind of ice cream in shopping malls 但是太贵了，一个球就要几十人民币dàn shì tài guì le ，yí gè qiú jiù yào jǐ shí rén mín bìBut it's too expensive, one scoop costs tens of RMB 普通人一个月的工资也就几千人民币pǔ tōng rén yí gè yuè de gōng zī yě jiù jǐ qiān rén mín bìAn ordinary person's monthly salary is only a few thousand RMB 我自己做冰淇淋用的是家用冰淇淋机wǒ zì jǐ zuò bīng qí lín yòng de shì jiā yòng bīng qí lín jīI use a home ice cream maker to make ice cream myself 它其实就是两个功能，冷冻和搅拌tā qí shí jiù shì liǎng gè gōng néng ，lěng dòng hé jiǎo bànIt actually has two functions: freezing and stirring 做起来挺简单的zuò qǐ lái tǐng jiǎn dān deIt's quite simple to make 我整理了很多的口味配方wǒ zhěng lǐ le hěn duō de kǒu wèi pèi fāngI have sorted out many flavor recipes 最受顾客欢迎的口味是zuì shòu gù kè huān yíng de kǒu wèi shìThe most popular flavors among customers are 芒果，糯米，牛油果，薄荷，红茶等等máng guǒ ，nuò mǐ ，niú yóu guǒ ，bò he ，hóng chá děng děngmango, glutinous  rice, avocado  , mint, black tea, etc. 当时我做了好多的尝试dāng shí wǒ zuò le hǎo duō de cháng shìAt that time, I did a lot of experiments 买各种各样的食材来做成冰淇淋mǎi gè zhǒng gè yàng de shí cái lái zuò chéng bīng qí línI bought all kinds of ingredients to make ice cream 味道都很不错wèi dào dōu hěn bù cuòThe taste was all very good 现在我也会做给家人吃xiàn zài wǒ yě huì zuò gěi jiā rén chīNow I also make it for my family to eat 可惜那个店倒闭了kě xī nà ge diàn dǎo bì leIt's a pity that the shop closed down 可能有几个原因kě néng yǒu jǐ gè yuán yīnThere may be several reasons 第一是位置不好，周围的人很少dì yī shì wèi zhì bù hǎo ，zhōu wéi de rén hěn shǎoFirst, the location was not good, there were few people around 第二是我要照顾两个孩子，没有时间守店dì èr shì wǒ yào zhào gù liǎng gè hái zi ，méi yǒu shí jiān shǒu diànSecond, I had to take care of two children and had no time to stay in the shop 第三是我没有经验，一开始连卖什么都不知道dì sān shì wǒ méi yǒu jīng yàn ，yī kāi shǐ lián mài shén me dōu bù zhī dàoThird, I had no experience; at first, I didn't even know what to sell 冰淇淋只是尝试的产品之一bīng qí lín zhǐ shì cháng shì de chǎn pǐn zhī yīIce cream was just one of the products I tried 但却是卖得最好的dàn què shì mài de zuì hǎo deBut it was the best-selling one 也许等我老了，有足够的闲钱yě xǔ děng wǒ lǎo le ，yǒu zú gòu de xián qiánMaybe when I get old and have enough spare money 还会开一个美好的冰淇淋店吧hái huì kāi yí gè měi hǎo de bīng qí lín diàn baI will open a wonderful ice cream shop again

请大家听一下这些词（qǐng dà jiā tīng yī xià zhè xiē cí）  Please listen to these words   软绵绵，硬邦邦，脏兮兮，臭烘烘（ruǎn mián mián，yìng bāng bāng，zāng xī xī，chòu hōng hōng）  Soft and fluffy, hard and stiff, dirty and grimy , smelly and fusty   这些词都是ABB的结构（zhè xiē cí dōu shì ABB de jié gòu）  All these words have the ABB structure   我们叫它ABB重叠词（wǒ men jiào tā ABB chóng dié cí）  We call them ABB reduplicated words   在中文里有好多这样的词（zài zhōng wén lǐ yǒu hǎo duō zhè yàng de cí）  There are many such words in Chinese   在日常生活中经常使用（zài rì cháng shēng huó zhōng jīng cháng shǐ yòng）  They are often used in daily life   通常会显得略微的轻松可爱（tōng cháng huì xiǎn de lüè wēi de qīng sōng kě ài）  They usually sound slightly relaxed and cute   而且通常在后面加“的”（ér qiě tōng cháng zài hòu miàn jiā “de”）  And usually, we add "de" after them   我们通过一些句子来学习（wǒ men tōng guò yī xiē jù zi lái xué xí）  Now let’s learn through some sentences   田野里的禾苗绿油油的，充满了生机。（tián yě lǐ de hé miáo lǜ yóu yóu de，chōng mǎn le shēng jī。）  The rice seedlings in the field are bright green and full of vitality 麦田在阳光下金灿灿的，仿佛撒满了黄金。（mài tián zài yáng guāng xià jīn càn càn de，fǎng fú sǎ mǎn le huáng jīn。）  The wheat field is golden under the sun, as if covered with gold.   冬天的早晨，大地一片白茫茫，看不清远处的景物。（dōng tiān de zǎo chen，dà dì yī piàn bái máng máng，kàn bù qīng yuǎn chù de jǐng wù。）  On a winter morning, the earth is all white, and the distant scenery is hard to see.   停电后，房间里黑乎乎的，什么都看不见。（tíng diàn hòu，fáng jiān lǐ hēi hū hū de，shén me dōu kàn bù jiàn。）  After the power cut, the room is pitch-black, and nothing can be seen.   他手里提着沉甸甸的水果篮，慢慢走回家。（tā shǒu lǐ tí zhe chén diàn diàn de shuǐ guǒ lán，màn màn zǒu huí jiā。）  He carried a heavy fruit basket in his hand and walked home slowly.   羽毛轻飘飘的，在空中缓缓飞舞。（yǔ máo qīng piāo piāo de，zài kōng zhōng huǎn huǎn fēi wǔ。）  The feather is light and floating, dancing slowly in the air.   厨房里飘出香喷喷的饭菜味，让人直流口水。（chú fáng lǐ piāo chū xiāng pēn pēn de fàn cài wèi，ràng rén zhí liú kǒu shuǐ。）  The fragrant [ˈfreɪɡrənt] smell of food wafts [wɑ:fts] from the kitchen, making people salivate.     垃圾桶好几天没倒，变得臭烘烘的。（lā jī tǒng hǎo jǐ tiān méi dǎo，biàn de chòu hōng hōng de。）  The trash can hasn't been emptied for several days and has become smelly.   没成熟的李子酸溜溜的，吃一口直皱眉头。（méi chéng shú de lǐ zi suān liū liū de，chī yī kǒu zhí zhòu méi tóu。）  Unripe plums are sour; taking a bite makes you frown.   秋天的风凉飕飕的，吹在身上很舒服。（qiū tiān de fēng liáng sōu sōu de，chuī zài shēn shàng hěn shū fu。）  The autumn wind is cool, and it feels comfortable on the body.   午后的阳光暖洋洋的，让人只想躺在沙发上。（wǔ hòu de yáng guāng nuǎn yáng yáng de，ràng rén zhǐ xiǎng tǎng zài shā fā shàng。）  The afternoon sun is warm, making people just want to lie on the sofa.   妈妈端来一杯热乎乎的牛奶，驱散了我身上的寒意。（mā mā duān lái yī bēi rè hū hū de niú nǎi，qū sàn le wǒ shēn shàng de hán yì。）  Mom brought a cup of warm milk, which drove away the chill on my body.   刚下过雨，地面湿漉漉的，走路要小心滑倒。（gāng xià guò yǔ，dì miàn shī lù lù de，zǒu lù yào xiǎo xīn huá dǎo。）  It just rained, and the ground is wet; be careful not to slip while walking.   长时间没浇水，花盆里的土变得干巴巴的。（cháng shí jiān méi jiāo shuǐ，huā pén lǐ de tǔ biàn de gān bā bā de。）  The soil in the flower pot has become dry because it hasn't been watered for a long time.   这件衣服放久了，变得皱巴巴的，需要熨烫一下。（zhè jiàn yī fu fàng jiǔ le，biàn de zhòu bā bā de，xū yào yùn tàng yī xià。）  This clothes has been stored for a long time and has become wrinkled; it needs to be ironed. 

我迫不及待来和大家分享（wǒ pò bù jí dài lái hé dà jiā fēn xiǎng）  I can't wait to share with all of you   今天我开始学开车啦（jīn tiān wǒ kāi shǐ xué kāi chē la）  Today I started learning to drive   正如上次节目里说的（zhèng rú shàng cì jié mù lǐ shuō de）  Just as I mentioned in the previous episode   我找了个陪练（wǒ zhǎo le gè péi liàn）  I found a driving instructor who accompanies learners   他在网上介绍自己是“最温柔”的教练（tā zài wǎng shàng jiè shào zì jǐ shì “zuì wēn róu” de jiào liàn）  He introduced himself online as the "gentlest" driving coach   所以我选择了他（suǒ yǐ wǒ xuǎn zé le tā）  So I chose him   现在我们找装修公司、找搬家公司、找安装师傅等等（xiàn zài wǒ men zhǎo zhuāng xiū gōng sī、zhǎo bān jiā gōng sī、zhǎo ān zhuāng shī fu děng děng）  Nowadays, when we look for decoration companies, moving companies, installation workers, and so on   都是在网上找的（dōu shì zài wǎng shàng zhǎo de）  We find them all online   可以看到别人对他的评价（kě yǐ kàn dào bié rén duì tā de píng jià）  We can see other people's reviews of them   我找了好多，都挺不错的（wǒ zhǎo le hǎo duō，dōu tǐng bù cuò de）  I found many of them, and they were all pretty good   说说今天开车的情况（shuō shuo jīn tiān kāi chē de qíng kuàng）  Let's talk about today's driving situation   一开始要上手挺害怕的（yī kāi shǐ yào shàng shǒu tǐng hài pà de）  At first, I was quite scared when I started to get the hang of it   经过两个多小时吧（jīng guò liǎng gè duō xiǎo shí ba）  After more than two hours   慢慢能到50迈了（màn màn néng dào wǔ shí mài le）  I gradually managed to drive at 50 miles per hour   转弯和变道也不太害怕了（zhuǎn wān hé biàn dào yě bù tài hài pà le）  I'm not too scared of turning and changing lanes either   开了好远好远的路（kāi le hǎo yuǎn hǎo yuǎn de lù）  I drove a very long distance   如果一直直行（rú guǒ yī zhí zhí xíng）  If it's just going straight all the time   现在是没问题了（xiàn zài shì méi wèn tí le）  There's no problem with that now   还特意走了我以后要接送孩子的路线（hái tè yì zǒu le wǒ yǐ hòu yào jiē sòng hái zi de lù xiàn）  I also deliberately took the route I will use to pick up and drop off my child in the future   也没问题呢（yě méi wèn tí ne）  And that went well too   好开心（hǎo kāi xīn）  I'm so happy   下一次就要练习停车呀这些难的项目了（xià yī cì jiù yào liàn xí tíng chē ya zhè xiē nán de xiàng mù le）  Next time, I'll have to practice difficult tasks like parking   我问陪练，下次是什么时候（wǒ wèn péi liàn，xià cì shì shén me shí hou）  I asked the instructor when the next session would be   他说看我自己的情况（tā shuō kàn wǒ zì jǐ de qíng kuàng）  He said it depends on my own situation   我确实需要休息放松一下紧张的情绪（wǒ què shí xū yào xiū xi fàng sōng yī xià jǐn zhāng de qíng xù）  I really need to rest and relax my tense mood   一共练三次吧就可以自己开啦（yī gòng liàn sān cì ba jiù kě yǐ zì jǐ kāi la）  After practicing three times in total, I should be able to drive on my own   我要成功啦！（wǒ yào chéng gōng la！）  I'm going to succeed!   我觉得这就是一个契机（wǒ jué de zhè jiù shì yī gè qì jī）  I think this is an opportunity   让我变成一个会开车的人（ràng wǒ biàn chéng yī gè huì kāi chē de rén）  to turn me into someone who can drive   所以我毫不犹豫，没有内耗（suǒ yǐ wǒ háo bù yóu yù，méi yǒu nèi hào）  So I didn't hesitate at all and didn't overthink or feel internally conflicted   该怎么做就怎么做（gāi zěn me zuò jiù zěn me zuò）  I just did what I needed to do   哦对了（ò duì le）  Oh, right   陪练是60元一小时（péi liàn shì liù shí yuán yī xiǎo shí）  The instructor charges 60 yuan per hour   每次3小时（měi cì sān xiǎo shí）  Each session is 3 hours   你们觉得这个价格怎么样？（nǐ men jué de zhè ge jià gé zěn me yàng？）  What do you think of this price?

今天我们聊聊开车  Jīntiān wǒmen liáoliáo kāichē  Today we are going to talk about driving   我是2017年学的车  Wǒ shì èr líng yī qī nián xué de chē  I learned to drive in 2017   我学习考试一直都很厉害  Wǒ xuéxí kǎoshì yìzhí dōu hěn lìhai  I've always been really good at learning and taking exams   一个月拿下驾照  Yī gè yuè náxià jiàzhào  So I got my driver's license in one month   可是八年多了，没有开过车  Kěshì bā nián duō le, méiyǒu kāiguò chē  But for more than eight years, I haven't driven a car   主要是我老公开车  Zhǔyào shì wǒ lǎogōng kāichē  Mainly because my husband drives   所以我也就不需要开车  Suǒyǐ wǒ yě jiù bù xūyào kāichē  So I don't need to drive   再说我也比较害怕  Zàishuō wǒ yě bǐjiào hàipà  Besides, I'm also quite scared of driving   我家里是一辆七座车  Wǒ jiālǐ shì yī liàng qī zuò chē  We have a seven-seater car for our family   比较大，所以停车也叫我担心  Bǐjiào dà, suǒyǐ tíngchē yě jiào wǒ dānxīn  It's quite big, so parking also makes me worried   我们大学毕业后  Wǒmen dàxué bìyè hòu  After we graduated from university   我在一家二手车公司工作  Wǒ zài yī jiā èrshǒuchē gōngsī gōngzuò  I worked at a used car company   它的模式就是复制美国的carmax  Tā de móshì jiù shì fùzhì Měiguó de Carmax  Its business model was a copy of America's Carmax   Carmax的创始人是投资人之一  Carmax de chuàngshǐrén shì tóuzīrén zhī yī  One of the investors was the founder of Carmax   虽然势头比较好  Suīrán shìtóu bǐjiào hǎo  Although it had a good momentum at first   但最后还是经营不善倒闭了  Dàn zuìhòu háishì jīngyíng bùshàn dǎobì le  In the end, it still went bankrupt due to poor management   最近几年电动车发展得很快速  Zuìjìn jǐ nián diàndòngchē fāzhǎn de hěn kuàisù  Electric cars have developed very rapidly in recent years   价格也越来越低  Jiàgé yě yuè lái yuè dī  Their prices are also getting lower and lower   侧面地导致了油车的降价  Cèmiàn de dǎozhì le yóuchē de jiàngjià  This has indirectly led to price reductions for gasoline-powered cars   中国的这些电车企业多是第一次造车  Zhōngguó de zhèxiē diànchē qǐyè duō shì dì yī cì zào chē  Most of these Chinese electric car companies are making cars for the first time   他们很疯狂地营销  Tāmen hěn fēngkuáng de yíngxiāo  They carry out very aggressive marketing   在某些城市还开始了无人驾驶的出租车  Zài mǒuxiē chéngshì hái kāishǐ le wúrén jiàshǐ de chūzūchē  In some cities, they have even launched self-driving taxis   但是我常看到电动车自燃的新闻  Dànshì wǒ cháng kàndào diàndòngchē zìrán de xīnwén  But I often see news about electric cars catching fire spontaneously  还有突然全车断电的故事  Hái yǒu túrán quánchē duàndiàn de gùshi  And stories about sudden total power failures in electric cars   所以我还是会开油车  Suǒyǐ wǒ háishì huì kāi yóuchē  So I still prefer to drive a gasoline-powered car   很快我就要面临着接送孩子的事情  Hěn kuài wǒ jiù yào miànlín zhe jiēsòng háizi de shìqing  Soon I will have to face the task of picking up and dropping off the kids   所以我马上就要学会开车了  Suǒyǐ wǒ mǎshàng jiù yào xuéhuì kāichē le  So I will learn to drive soon   我会在网上找一个陪练  Wǒ huì zài wǎngshàng zhǎo yī gè péiliàn  I will find a driving instructor online   也就是他坐在副驾驶帮助你  Yějiù shì tā zuò zài fùjiàshǐ bāngzhù nǐ  That is, someone who sits in the passenger seat to help you   还会安装一个副刹  Hái huì ānzhuāng yī gè fùshā  They will also install an auxiliary brake   也就是在副驾驶的一个刹车片  Yějiù shì zài fùjiàshǐ de yī gè shāchè piàn  Which is a brake pad located on the passenger side   据说练习几十个小时就可以熟练了  Jùshuō liànxí jǐ shí gè xiǎoshí jiù kěyǐ shúliàn le  It's said that after practicing for dozens of hours, you can become proficient  大家期待我的好消息吧  Dàjiā qīdài wǒ de hǎo xiāoxi ba  Everyone, please look forward to my good news!

今天我们来聊聊方言  Jīntiān wǒmen lái liáoliáo fāngyán  Today we are going to talk about dialects   当你学会了日常的中文  Dāng nǐ xuéhuì le rìcháng de Zhōngwén  When you have learned everyday Chinese   你满怀期待来到中国  Nǐ mǎnhuái qīdài lái dào Zhōngguó  You come to China with full expectation   发现,听不懂Fāxiàn Tīng bù dǒngOnly to find that you can't understand 有可能是因为他们说的是方言  Yǒu kěnéng shì yīnwèi tāmen shuō de shì fāngyán  It may be because they are speaking a dialect   而你只学了普通话  Ér nǐ zhǐ xué le pǔtōnghuà  But you only learned Mandarin   中国太大了  Zhōngguó tài dà le  China is too big   不同的省、市、地区有非常多不同的方言  Bùtóng de shěng, shì, dìqū yǒu fēicháng duō bùtóng de fāngyán  There are many different dialects in different provinces, cities and regions   它们的语法结构都差不多  Tāmen de yǔfǎ jiégòu dōu chàbuduō  Their grammatical structures are almost the same   而语音语调和特殊用词就很不一样  Ér yǔyīn yǔdiào hé tèshū yòngcí jiù hěn bù yīyàng  But their pronunciation, intonation and special vocabulary are quite different   所以统一普通话非常重要  Suǒyǐ tǒngyī pǔtōnghuà fēicháng zhòngyào  Therefore, unifying Mandarin is very important   不过现在大多数人都会说普通话  Búguò xiànzài dàduōshù rén dōu huì shuō pǔtōnghuà  However, most people can speak Mandarin now   在绝大多数的商业环境中  Zài juédàduōshù de shāngyè huánjìng zhōng  In most business environments   服务员也都是说普通话  Fúwùyuán yě dōu shì shuō pǔtōnghuà  Waiters also speak Mandarin   这也是因为一个城市里  Zhè yě shì yīnwèi yīgè chéngshì lǐ  This is also because in a city   有非常多来自外地的人  Yǒu fēicháng duō láizì wàidì de rén  There are many people from other places   我们目前生活在成都  Wǒmen mùqián shēnghuó zài Chéngdū  We currently live in Chengdu   但是我和我老公都不是成都人  Dànshì wǒ hé wǒ lǎogōng dōu bù shì Chéngdū rén  But neither my husband nor I are from Chengdu   我是重庆人  Wǒ shì Chóngqìng rén  I am from Chongqing   他是甘肃人  Tā shì Gānsù rén  He is from Gansu   重庆话和成都话基本一致  Chóngqìng huà hé Chéngdū huà jīběn yīzhì  Chongqing dialect and Chengdu dialect are basically the same   而甘肃话则完全不同Ér Gānsù huà zé wánquán bùtóng.While the Gansu dialect is completely different. 所以他能在这里工作生活  Suǒyǐ tā néng zài zhèlǐ gōngzuò shēnghuó  So it's true that he can work and live here   确实是不容易且很厉害的  Quèshí shì bù róngyì qiě hěn lìhai de  It is really not easy and quite impressive 北京话可能最接近于普通话  Běijīng huà kěnéng zuì jiējìn yú pǔtōnghuà  Beijing dialect may be the closest to Mandarin   但是北京话有太多的儿化音  Dànshì Běijīng huà yǒu tài duō de érhuàyīn  But Beijing dialect has too many retroflex endings (erhua)   就像英式英语说 car，而美式英语说 carJiù xiàng Yīngshì Yīngyǔ shuō car, ér Měishì Yīngyǔ shuō carJust like British English says "car", while American English says "car" 北京话的语速也很快  Běijīng huà de Yǔsù yě hěn kuài  The speaking speed of Beijing dialect is also very fast   而且有特殊的语音语调  Érqiě yǒu tèshū de yǔyīn yǔdiào  And it has a special pronunciation and intonation   我们在北京待过五年  Wǒmen zài Běijīng dāi guò wǔ nián  We lived in Beijing for five years   也留有一些北京口音  Yě liúyǒu yīxiē Běijīng kǒuyīn  And we still have a bit of Beijing accent   不同地区的方言确实会呈现出不同的人群性格  Bùtóng dìqū de fāngyán quèshí huì chéngxiàn chū bùtóng de rénqún xìnggé  Dialects from different regions do reflect the different personalities of the people there   比如北方人要粗犷一些  Bǐrú běifāng rén yào cūguǎng yīxiē  For example, people from northern China are more straightforward and bold   南方人要温柔一些  Nánfāng rén yào wēnróu yīxiē  While people from southern China are gentler   至少听起来是这样的  Zhìshǎo tīng qǐlái shì zhèyàng de  At least that's how it sounds