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天文随心听|讲述宇宙与人的故事
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参考文献1. Planck, M. (1900). Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum. Verhandlungen der Deutschen physikalischen Gesellschaft, 2, 237–245. (普朗克1900年量子假设论文)2. Le Verrier, U. J. J. (1859). Sur la théorie de Mercure et le mouvement du périhélie de cette planète. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 49, 379–383.3. Einstein, A. (1915). Erklärung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 47(2), 831–839.4. Rovelli, C. (2014). Che cos’è il tempo? Che cos’è lo spazio? (中译本相关表述经转述处理)5. Weinberg, S. (1989). The cosmological constant problem. Reviews of Modern Physics, 61(1), 1–23.6. Padmanabhan, T. (2003). Cosmological constant: The weight of the vacuum. Physics Reports, 380(5-6), 235–320.
参考文献1. Weinberg, S. (1987). Anthropic bound on the cosmological constant. Physical Review Letters, 59(22), 2607–2610.2. Kachru, S., Kallosh, R., Linde, A., & Trivedi, S. P. (2003). De Sitter vacua in string theory. Physical Review D, 68(4), 046005. (KKLT论文)3. Susskind, L. (2003). The anthropic landscape of string theory. arXiv:hep-th/0302219.4. Abbott, B. P., et al. (LIGO & Virgo) (2017). GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral. Physical Review Letters, 119(16), 161101.5. Clifton, T., Ferreira, P. G., Padilla, A., & Skordis, C. (2012). Modified gravity and cosmology. Physics Reports, 513(1-3), 1–189.6. Carroll, S. M., Duvvuri, V., Trodden, M., & Turner, M. S. (2004). Is cosmic speed-up due to new gravitational physics? Physical Review D, 70(4), 043528.
参考文献1. Weinberg, S. (1989). The cosmological constant problem. Reviews of Modern Physics, 61(1), 1–23.2. Zel’dovich, Y. B. (1968). The cosmological constant and the theory of elementary particles. Soviet Physics Uspekhi, 11(3), 381–393.3. Carroll, S. M. (2001). The cosmological constant. Living Reviews in Relativity, 4(1), 1. (arXiv:astro-ph/0004075)4. Weinberg, S. (2000). The cosmological constant problems. Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe. (arXiv:astro-ph/0005265)5. Martin, J. (2012). Everything you always wanted to know about the cosmological constant problem (but were afraid to ask). Comptes Rendus Physique, 13(6-7), 566–665.
参考文献1. Turner, M. S. (2022). The road to the cosmological constant. Historical review. (特纳本人关于“暗能量”命名的回顾文章)2. Caldwell, R. R., Dave, R., & Steinhardt, P. J. (1998). Cosmological imprint of an energy component with general equation of state. Physical Review Letters, 80(8), 1582–1585.3. Perlmutter, S., et al. (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 high-redshift supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 517(2), 565–586.4. Riess, A. G., et al. (1998). Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant. The Astronomical Journal, 116(3), 1009–1038.5. Planck Collaboration (2020). Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 641, A6.
【内容简介】2026年4月1日,阿尔忒弥斯2号成功发射——人类54年来第一次,再次飞向月球。但这不只是一个“终于回来了”的励志故事。本期节目从三个角度深度拆解这一历史事件:月球南极究竟有什么,值得中美两国倾举国之力争夺?阿尔忒弥斯2号这趟“只绕不落”的任务,真正在验证什么?花了930亿美元、14年建起来的这套系统,为何正在走向终结?本期节目,适合对航天、科技政策和深空探索感兴趣的听众。【参考文献】核心数据来源:NASA监察长办公室审计报告——阿尔忒弥斯计划总投入及成本评估美国政府问责局(GAO)——SLS火箭与猎户座飞船单次发射成本报告NASA官方任务简报——阿尔忒弥斯2号任务目标、飞行时间线及技术说明特朗普政府2026财年NASA预算草案(公开版本)公开报道来源: 21财经——《阿尔忒弥斯2号发射报道》(2026年4月2日) 虎嗅——《阿尔忒弥斯2号任务详解》(2026年4月2日)BBC News——《Artemis II launch coverage》(2026年4月1日) 路透社——《NASA Artemis II crew launches toward Moon》(2026年4月1日) 联合早报——《美国载人绕月任务发射》(2026年4月2日)技术与背景资料: NASA官网——O2O猎户座光通信系统技术说明 NASA官网——ARCHeR深空辐射医学实验项目介绍 NASA官网——ECLSS环境控制与生命保障系统说明 NASA官网——月球南极候选着陆区划定(13个候选区) 中国国家航天局——长征十号甲研制性飞行试验公告(2026年2月) 中国探月工程官方资料——梦舟飞船与揽月着陆器技术方案说明
参考文献1. Planck Collaboration. (2020). Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 641, A6.2. DESI Collaboration. (2024). DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. arXiv:2404.03002.3. Caldwell, R. R., Dave, R., & Steinhardt, P. J. (1998). Cosmological Imprint of an Energy Component with General Equation of State. Physical Review Letters, 80(8), 1582–1585.4. Chevallier, M., & Polarski, D. (2001). Accelerating Universes with Scaling Dark Energy. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 10(2), 213–223.5. Weinberg, S., et al. (2013). Observational Probes of Cosmic Acceleration. Physics Reports, 530(2), 87–255.6. Euclid Collaboration. (2024). Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 662, A112.7. Carroll, S. M. (2001). The Cosmological Constant. Living Reviews in Relativity, 4, 1.
参考文献1. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 – Scientific Background: The Accelerating Universe. (2011). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Nobelprize.org.2. Perlmutter, S. (2012). Nobel Lecture: Measuring the Acceleration of the Cosmic Expansion Using Supernovae. Reviews of Modern Physics, 84(3), 1127–1149.3. Riess, A. G. (2012). Nobel Lecture: My Path to the Accelerating Universe. Reviews of Modern Physics, 84(3), 1165–1175.4. Schmidt, B. P. (2012). Nobel Lecture: The Path to Measuring an Accelerating Universe. Reviews of Modern Physics, 84(3), 1151–1163.5. Planck Collaboration. (2020). Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 641, A6.6. Carroll, S. M. (2001). The Cosmological Constant. Living Reviews in Relativity, 4, 1.
参考文献1. Riess, A. G., et al. (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal, 116(3), 1009–1038.2. Perlmutter, S., et al. (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 517(2), 565–586.3. Einstein, A. (1917). Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 142–152.4. Turner, M. S., & White, M. (1997). CDM Models with a Smooth Component. Physical Review D, 56(8), R4439–R4443.5. Weinberg, S., et al. (2013). Observational Probes of Cosmic Acceleration. Physics Reports, 530(2), 87–255.6. Gamow, G. (1970). My World Line: An Informal Autobiography. Viking Press. (宇宙学常数“最大错误”说法的来源文本)
参考文献1. Riess, A. G., et al. (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal, 116(3), 1009–1038.2. Perlmutter, S., et al. (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 517(2), 565–586.3. Kim, A. G., et al. (1997). Implications for the Hubble Constant from the First Seven Supernovae at z ≥ 0.35. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 476(2), L63–L66.4. Leibundgut, B. (2001). Cosmological Implications from Observations of Type Ia Supernovae. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 39, 67–98.5. Goobar, A., & Perlmutter, S. (1995). Feasibility of Measuring the Cosmological Constant Λ and Mass Density Ω Using Type Ia Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 450(1), 14–18.6. Kirshner, R. P. (2004). The Extravagant Universe: Exploding Stars, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Cosmos. Princeton University Press.
参考文献1. Perlmutter, S., et al. (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 517(2), 565–586.2. Riess, A. G., et al. (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal, 116(3), 1009–1038.3. Schmidt, B. P., et al. (1998). The High-Z Supernova Search: Measuring Cosmic Deceleration and Global Curvature of the Universe Using Type Ia Supernovae. The Astrophysical Journal, 507(1), 46–63.4. Chandrasekhar, S. (1931). The Maximum Mass of Ideal White Dwarfs. The Astrophysical Journal, 74, 81–82.5. Kirshner, R. P. (2004). The Extravagant Universe: Exploding Stars, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Cosmos. Princeton University Press.6. Perlmutter, S. (2012). Nobel Lecture: Measuring the Acceleration of the Cosmic Expansion Using Supernovae. Reviews of Modern Physics, 84(3), 1127–1149.
参考文献1. Perlmutter, S., et al. (Supernova Cosmology Project). (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565–586.2. Riess, A.G., et al. (High-Z Supernova Search Team). (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. Astronomical Journal, 116, 1009–1038.3. Turner, M.S., & Riess, A.G. (2002). Do Type Ia Supernovae Provide Direct Evidence for Past Deceleration of the Universe? Astrophysical Journal, 569, 18–22.4. Weinberg, S. (2000). The Cosmological Constant Problems. In Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe, 18–26. Springer. [On the cosmological constant problem]5. Carroll, S.M. (2001). The Cosmological Constant. Living Reviews in Relativity, 4, 1. [Comprehensive review of dark energy and cosmological constant]6. Frieman, J.A., Turner, M.S., & Huterer, D. (2008). Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 46, 385–432.7. Weinberg, S. (1987). Anthropic Bound on the Cosmological Constant. Physical Review Letters, 59(22), 2607–2610.
参考文献1. Phillips, M.M. (1993). The Absolute Magnitudes of Type Ia Supernovae. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 413, L105–L108. [The Phillips relation that made Type Ia supernovae standard candles]2. Branch, D., & Tammann, G.A. (1992). Type Ia Supernovae as Standard Candles. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 30, 359–389.3. Perlmutter, S., et al. (Supernova Cosmology Project). (1999). Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565–586.4. Riess, A.G., et al. (High-Z Supernova Search Team). (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. Astronomical Journal, 116, 1009–1038.5. Kirshner, R.P. (2002). The Extravagant Universe: Exploding Stars, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Cosmos. Princeton University Press. [Readable account of the supernova teams’ work]6. Livio, M. (2011). Lost in Translation: Mystery of the Missing Text Solved. Nature, 479, 171–173. [On the history of the cosmological constant]
参考文献1. Peebles, P.J.E. (1993). Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press. [Foundational text on cosmological density parameter and fate of the universe]2. Kolb, E.W., & Turner, M.S. (1990). The Early Universe. Addison-Wesley. [Discussion of Big Crunch scenarios]3. Penrose, R. (2010). Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe. Bodley Head. [Cyclic universe proposal]4. Steinhardt, P.J., & Turok, N. (2002). A Cyclic Universe. Science, 296(5572), 1436–1439.5. Krauss, L.M., & Turner, M.S. (1995). The Cosmological Constant is Back. General Relativity and Gravitation, 27(11), 1137–1144.6. Barrow, J.D., & Tipler, F.J. (1986). The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Oxford University Press. [Discussion of cosmological fate and cyclic models]
参考文献1. Caldwell, R.R. (2002). A Phantom Menace? Cosmological Consequences of a Dark Energy Component with Super-Negative Equation of State. Physics Letters B, 545(1–2), 23–29.2. Caldwell, R.R., Kamionkowski, M., & Weinberg, N.N. (2003). Phantom Energy: Dark Energy with w < −1 Causes a Cosmic Doomsday. Physical Review Letters, 91, 071301.3. Rees, M. (2003). Comments on the Big Rip scenario. Quoted in: Chown, M. (2003, March 22). ‘Phantom menace’ may rip up cosmos. New Scientist.4.Caldwell, R.R. (2003). Interview on phantom energy and Big Rip. New Scientist.5. Carroll, S. (2004). Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. [Background on dark energy equation of state]
本期参考文献von Helmholtz, H. (1854). Über die Wechselwirkung der Naturkräfte [On the Interaction of Natural Forces]. Königsberg lecture, subsequently published.Clausius, R. (1865). Über verschiedene für die Anwendung bequeme Formen der Hauptgleichungen der mechanischen Wärmetheorie [On Several Convenient Forms of the Fundamental Equations of the Mechanical Theory of Heat].Annalen der Physik,125, 353–400.Boltzmann, L. (1877). Über die Beziehung zwischen dem zweiten Hauptsatze der mechanischen Wärmetheorie und der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung [On the Relationship between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and Probability Theory].Wiener Berichte,76, 373–435.Cercignani, C. (1998).Ludwig Boltzmann: The Man Who Trusted Atoms. Oxford University Press.Uffink, J. (2007). Compendium of the Foundations of Classical Statistical Physics. In J. Butterfield & J. Earman (Eds.),Philosophy of Physics. Elsevier. [Includes discussion of Boltzmann’s scientific context and reception]Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin). (1852). On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,3, 139–142.Lindley, D. (2001).Boltzmann’s Atom: The Great Debate That Launched a Revolution in Physics. Free Press.
节目标题:我们是宇宙认识自己的方式核心主题:以十周旅程为坐标,提炼贯穿整个系列的底层结构——人类认知的局限性与人类精神的无限性之间的永恒撕扯。通过五条故事弧线(真相vs信念、预言vs发现、边缘vs主流、可观测vs可推理、渺小vs意义),串联出这一底层结构的完整面貌;以“从量子涨落到此刻”的六个演化环节,整合十周核心知识脉络;以三个深渊(暴胀场、暗物质暗能量、视界之外)诚实呈现科学的未解之谜;最终以旅行者号的意象收束,把宇宙学的洞察映射回每个听众自身的处境与选择。会员内容回听指南:· 弧线一(真相vs信念)→ 第1周会员版(霍伊尔的命名权力与学术声誉机制)、第3周会员版(威尔逊的心理机制完整解剖)——如果你想理解为什么有人能在证据面前放弃信念、有人不能,这两期是必听的。· 弧线二(预言vs发现)→ 第2周会员版——我们花了近二十分钟分析伽莫夫被忽视的制度性原因。整个系列里最令人不安的一期,没有之一。· 弧线三(边缘vs主流)→ 第4周会员版(古斯、牛顿、爱因斯坦的「边缘时期」对比)、第5周会员版(业余者如何在专业领域立足)——这两期放在一起听,会看到边缘与突破之间那个让人坐立不安的结构。· 弧线四(可观测vs可推理)→ 第8周会员版(视界之墙与科学哲学的实在论之争)、第9周会员版(平行宇宙的哲学困境)——这两期是整个系列哲学深度最高的内容。· 弧线五(渺小vs意义)→ 第10周会员版——探索本身的意义。如果你只能回头听一期付费内容,听这期。· 演化链条→ 第2、4、6、7周会员版——伽莫夫的核合成、古斯的暴胀、宇宙年龄危机的解决、CMB涨落的精确测量,是链条的四个关键节点。· 三个深渊→ 第4、6、7、8周会员版——暴胀场之谜、数据与理论的冲突、宇宙的种子、视界之墙,每一期都在触碰这三个深渊的不同侧面。参考文献核心观测与理论文献Penzias, A. A., & Wilson, R. W. (1965). A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s.The Astrophysical Journal,142, 419–421.Guth, A. H. (1981). Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems.Physical Review D,23(2), 347–356.Alpher, R. A., Bethe, H., & Gamow, G. (1948). The Origin of Chemical Elements.Physical Review,73(7), 803–804.Gamow, G. (1948). The Origin of Elements and the Separation of Galaxies.Physical Review,74(4), 505–506.Hoyle, F. (1948). A New Model for the Expanding Universe.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,108, 372–382.Lemaître, G. (1927). Un univers homogène de masse constante et de rayon croissant.Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles,47, 49–59.Smoot, G. F., et al. (1992). Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps.The Astrophysical Journal Letters,396, L1–L5.Riess, A. G., et al. (1998). Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant.The Astronomical Journal,116(3), 1009–1038.Planck Collaboration (2020). Planck 2018 results.Astronomy & Astrophysics,641, A1.宇宙学与理论物理Guth, A. H. (1997).The Inflationary Universe. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Greene, B. (2011).The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos. New York: Knopf.Weinberg, S. (1977).The First Three Minutes. New York: Basic Books.Hoyle, F., Burbidge, G., & Narlikar, J. V. (2000).A Different Approach to Cosmology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.科学哲学与认识论Popper, K. R. (1959).The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Hutchinson.Kuhn, T. S. (1962).The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Lakatos, I. (1978).The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.van Fraassen, B. C. (1980).The Scientific Image. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Bostrom, N. (2003). Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?Philosophical Quarterly,53(211), 243–255.Ellis, G., & Silk, J. (2014). Scientific Method: Defend the Integrity of Physics.Nature,516, 321–323.科学史Singh, S. (2004).Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. New York: Fourth Estate.Overbye, D. (1991).Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos. New York: HarperCollins.Kragh, H. (1996).Cosmology and Controversy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.科普与人文Sagan, C. (1980).Cosmos. New York: Random House.Sagan, C. (1994).Pale Blue Dot. New York: Random House.Ferris, T. (1992).The Whole Shebang. New York: Simon & Schuster.Tyson, N. D. (2017).Astrophysics for People in a Hurry. New York: Norton.Moore, P. (2004).Stargazing: Astronomy without a Telescope. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Gamow, G. (1947).One Two Three… Infinity. New York: Viking Press.
参考文献1. Ferris, T. (2002). Seeing in the Dark: How Backyard Stargazers Are Probing Deep Space and Guarding Earth from Interplanetary Peril. Simon & Schuster.(中译本:《望向星空深处》)2. Moore, P. (2005). The Sky at Night. Springer.3. Guth, A. (1997). The Inflationary Universe. Perseus Books.(中译本:《暴胀宇宙》,李泳译,湖南科学技术出版社)4. Sagan, C. (1994). Pale Blue Dot. Random House.5. Weinberg, S. (1993). The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe. Basic Books.(中译本:《宇宙最初三分钟》,张承谋译,中国对外翻译出版公司)6. May, B., Moore, P., & Lintott, C. (2006). Bang! The Complete History of the Universe. Carlton Books.
参考文献1. Weinberg, S. (2015). To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science. Harper. (中译本:《解释世界:现代科学的发现》)2. Feynman, R. (1988). What Do You Care What Other People Think? W.W. Norton.3. Bodanis, D. (2000). E=mc²: A Biography of the World’s Most Famous Equation. Walker & Company.4. 李淼. 《给孩子讲量子力学》. 湖南科学技术出版社, 2016.5. Krauss, L. M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing. Free Press.6. 霍金(Stephen Hawking)著,许明贤、吴忠超译.《时间简史》. 湖南科学技术出版社, 2012.
参考文献1. Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 875(1).2. 鲁东升. 谈谈第一张黑洞照片. 中国科学院半导体研究所科普文章, 2019.3. Doeleman, S., et al. (2008). Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre. Nature, 455, 78-80.4. 费里斯(Timothy Ferris)著,蔡信行译.《望向星空深处》. 台湾天文协会, 2003.5. FAST望远镜官方介绍. 中国科学院国家天文台. http://fast.bao.ac.cn
参考文献1. Sagan, C. (1994). Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space. Random House. (中译本:《暗淡蓝点》,叶式辉、黄一勤译,上海科技教育出版社)2. White, F. (1987). The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution. Houghton Mifflin.3. NASA. Pale Blue Dot Revisited (2020 remastered). https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/pale-blue-dot4. Mitchell, E. (1996). The Way of the Explorer. Putnam.5. 萨根“暗淡蓝点”演讲原文(1994年康奈尔大学).













