HVAC School - For Techs, By Techs

In this episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan Orr sits down with Bert and Leanna to discuss Kalos's first official cohort apprenticeship program, dubbed the "Launch Program." What started as Bryan's persistent idea—one that the team initially resisted as too expensive and logistically challenging—evolved into a transformative three-month training experience that brought 15 green apprentices through intensive classroom, lab, and field work across HVAC, electrical, and building automation systems. Bert, who graded himself a B for his first attempt at leading the program, shares candid insights about the challenges of planning and execution. While he meticulously mapped out the first two weeks hour-by-hour, the remaining time was far less structured, leading to valuable lessons about the importance of ongoing planning and verification. Leanna, who came to Kalos with both teaching experience and a commercial HVAC background, brought crucial support that Bert initially didn't think he needed. Her contribution proved essential in managing the group of 15 and ensuring hands-on engagement. Of the original cohort, nine graduated, with two additional apprentices added later who showed exceptional promise. The conversation reveals critical insights about what makes training effective in the trades. Both trainers emphasize the importance of hands-on experience over lecture, with Bert noting his biggest mistake was spending an entire day lecturing on refrigerant circuits before showing apprentices actual equipment. The most successful exercises involved real-world scenarios, like Leanna's mock dispatch day where apprentices handled service calls from start to finish, including customer communication. The program also incorporated broader trade skills beyond HVAC—carpentry, ladder safety, and tool confidence—recognizing that many young workers today lack the tactile experience that builds confidence in using tools and solving problems independently. Perhaps most importantly, the discussion highlights the value of verification and confidence-building over knowledge dumping. Bert learned that making diagnostic exercises too complex early on destroyed apprentice confidence, while starting simple and building up created self-motivated learners. The cohort model's unique advantage lies in its competitive yet supportive environment, where apprentices can gauge their progress against peers who started at the same level, creating natural motivation to improve. While expensive and demanding, the program represents a long-term commitment to developing well-rounded tradespeople who can think critically and solve problems—not just perform repetitive tasks. Topics Covered: The origins and initial resistance to implementing a cohort-style apprenticeship program Structuring a 90-day training program with classroom, lab, and field components The critical importance of planning and having adequate instructor support Selecting apprentices: key traits including self-motivation, adaptability, and humility Balancing lecture, hands-on training, and real-world field experience The power of verification and skills checklists over pure knowledge transfer Teaching broader trade skills (carpentry, ladder work) to build overall confidence Creating realistic scenarios like mock service calls for soft skills development Managing group size and the challenges of keeping all apprentices engaged The role of confidence-building in safety and long-term success Starting simple with diagnostic exercises and building complexity gradually Using field feedback and peer comparison as motivational tools The cost and commitment required to run effective cohort training programs   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan explores an interesting story in the history of HVAC: how air conditioning saved the movies. In the summer of 1925 in NYC, a new film was set to appear on the big screen... but the theater was stuffy with no fan that could cool down the sheer mass of people packed into the room. People were uncomfortable, and theater attendance plummeted in the summer. The movie industry struggled to fill seats in the summer. Willis Carrier, who had solved humidity problems in factories and printing plants, was called on by the theater owners to cool a 2000-seat auditorium in July. Carrier had used cold water up to that point, but his team installed a refrigeration-based cooling system, and the response was sensational. Theaters were able to sell comfort AND relief all at once, drawing record crowds. What was once the slow season for the movies became the prime time for new film releases; the summer blockbuster was born, and Carrier had changed the movie industry forever.  However, Carrier's system wasn't perfect straight out of the gate; orchestra seats near supply vents were very cold, and the balcony was still warm. It became clear that tonnage meant nothing if the air couldn't move and mix properly. Carrier had to think about air distribution to keep people comfortable and make the invention reach its full potential. Air distribution problems are still common issues we see in homes today; capacity has to work hand in hand with duct design in order to deliver comfort.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this candid conversation recorded live at the NCI Summit in Austin, Bryan Orr sits down with Chad Simpson, owner of Simpson Solutions, for an unexpectedly revealing discussion about the reality of building a successful HVAC business. What makes this episode particularly compelling is Simpson's refreshing honesty about his struggles, failures, and the gradual transformation from a struggling contractor making $8 an hour to running a $28.5 million operation with healthy profit margins. Simpson's journey began unusually early—he wrote a paper in his freshman year of high school (1996) declaring his intention to own an HVAC company. After graduating from trade school and working for a residential replacement contractor, he started his own business with his father, who had just retired from building interstates and bridges. For the first eight years, Simpson made virtually no money despite working 12-hour days, falling into the common trap of thinking he could "outrun" financial problems by simply working harder and hiring more people. The turning point came around 2008 when mentor Brad Hohn discovered Simpson calling receivables on a golf course to make payroll—and offered to help departmentalize his finances with the promise of a Vegas golf trip once Simpson hit 10% net profit. The most striking aspect of Simpson's story is his emphasis on process documentation and his willingness to admit what he didn't know. After finally achieving profitability, he hired a business coach who refused to write processes for him, insisting Simpson had to "own" them himself. This led to the creation of Simpson's now-famous process book, which started with simple one-page job descriptions and grew to encompass every aspect of the business. Simpson's approach to callbacks changed dramatically after 2021, when his company's callback rate hit 23% following rapid growth. Working with Jim Bergmann and implementing Measure Quick transformed his operation from quick-fix service calls to thorough 2.5-3 hour diagnostics that actually prevent future problems rather than creating false urgency. Perhaps most impressive is Simpson's Fast Track training lab, which he built initially just to train his own technicians but has evolved into a resource for competitors, universities, and the entire industry. His philosophy centers on finding real problems through proper diagnostics rather than making up issues or pushing unnecessary replacements. Simpson emphasizes that service technicians should educate, not sell—and that when you deploy the right tools and probes, you'll find plenty of legitimate problems without resorting to dishonest tactics. Today, Simpson's company maintains a 2% service callback rate and 3% install callback rate while continuing to grow and expand into plumbing services. Topics Covered: Starting an HVAC business straight out of high school with minimal capital and business knowledge The reality of struggling financially for the first eight years despite long hours and hard work The critical importance of understanding financial KPIs and departmentalized accounting How mentorship from Brad Hohn transformed Simpson's approach to business financials Building comprehensive process documentation and job descriptions for every role The difference between being teachable versus being controlling as a business owner Transitioning from quick-fix service calls to thorough diagnostic work using Measure Quick and True Flow tools Reducing callback rates from 23% to 2-3% through proper commissioning and diagnostics Creating the Fast Track training lab and training competitors at no cost The philosophy of finding real problems versus creating false urgency with customers Why service technicians should focus on education rather than sales tactics Scaling from $3.5 million to $28.5 million while maintaining healthy profit margins Expanding into plumbing services using the same process-driven approach developed for HVAC The importance of celebrating wins as a team and taking responsibility for losses as a leader   News for next year's High-Performance HVAC Summit will be available at gotosummit.com.  Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short business-oriented podcast, Bryan breaks down the differences between three commonly confused positions/roles: analyst vs. PM (project management) vs. operations. When you own or work in a small business, you might wear a lot of hats: estimating, writing proposals, troubleshooting, being a customer or coworker's therapist, etc. This work can be organized, and problem-solving roles include analysts, project managers (PMs), and directly responsible individuals (DRIs). Sometimes, the same person might do more than one of these (or all of them), but separate people can do these as long as you know what success looks like for each of these. Analysts gather data (such as costs, labor hours, inventory, and SME interviews) and ask big questions. They don't try to fix the problem right away; their job is to seek ideas, pay attention, document, and organize. They think in terms of stories and problem statements, and technicians can benefit from this type of mindset on service calls. Project managers translate the data, goals, and even the plans, and these people organize those items so that they can be executed in real life: creating checklists, gathering manuals, scheduling, and implementing basic SOP. PMs set a plan, but they have to maintain flexibility and drive execution (but may not be responsible for the outcome). The DRI owns the outcome; this person may or may not be the project manager. If there's a new program, software, or procedure, this person drives those. They are the operator and may not be involved in the analysis or planning, but they own the execution and are responsible for those results.     Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this powerful episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan sits down with Nate Agentis, third-generation plumber and author of Get Shit Done: How to Build a Strong Team, A Profitable Business, and a Lasting Legacy. Their conversation explores the intersection of personal health, business success, and meaningful leadership in the trades industry. Nate's journey from technician to business owner wasn't easy. After his grandfather built the family plumbing business from nothing, only to lose it to the IRS, and his father rebuilt it from scratch, Nate found himself thrust into leadership at age 33 when his mother was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The tragedy of losing his mother while simultaneously taking over the business created a perfect storm that eventually led to burnout and a period of deep reflection during COVID-19. This experience became the foundation for his leadership philosophy and his book. The conversation delves into the generational divide in the trades, where older workers view younger employees as lazy while younger workers see their elders as slaves to their jobs. Nate argues that healthy leadership requires bridging this gap through understanding and practical solutions. His approach centers on five pillars: healthy owner, sticky culture, skilled technicians, efficient operations, and clear metrics. However, he emphasizes that without the foundation of personal health and self-awareness, the other pillars crumble. Perhaps most compelling is Nate's emphasis on humility and accountability as twin keys to success. He challenges the "self-made man" mentality prevalent in trades culture, arguing that true leadership requires vulnerability, community, and the willingness to seek help. This philosophy extends beyond business into his nonprofit work with Hope for the Trades, which provides educational resources, retreat opportunities, and humanitarian mission trips for tradespeople seeking both professional development and personal renewal. Key Topics Covered Generational Business Transitions - Navigating the challenges of taking over a family business during crisis and the unique pressures of third-generation ownership The Burnout Epidemic in Trades - Understanding why skilled tradespeople burn out and how to create sustainable career paths that don't sacrifice family and personal health Bridging Generational Divides - Addressing the tension between older workers who prioritize work ethic and younger workers who emphasize work-life balance The Five Pillars Framework - Healthy owner, sticky culture, skilled technicians, efficient operations, and clear metrics as the foundation for sustainable business growth Humility and Accountability in Leadership - Why admitting weakness and seeking help are actually signs of strength and keys to long-term success The Balance Wheel Concept - A practical tool for evaluating different areas of life (marriage, parenting, health, spirituality, etc.) and identifying areas needing attention Community and Isolation in Trades - Addressing the epidemic of loneliness among tradespeople and the importance of genuine relationships for personal and professional growth Metrics Without Depression - How to implement business measurement systems as tools for clarity rather than sources of shame or discouragement Hope for the Trades Nonprofit - Educational resources, retreat programs, and humanitarian missions designed to support the whole person, not just the business owner Legacy vs. Profit Mentality - Shifting focus from purely financial success to creating lasting positive impact on employees, families, and communities Practical Life Planning - Applying strategic planning principles to personal life, marriage, and parenting with the same intentionality used in business planning   Sign up for Hope for the Trades at https://hopeforthetrades.com/ and get a free copy of Nate's book. You can also order Get Shit Done on Amazon at https://a.co/d/56QyjLQ. Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast, Bryan talks about the hidden cost of killing radiant load, especially when it comes to installing radiant barriers in attics.  We sometimes get service calls about ducts sweating when they never used to sweat. If there are no problems with the system (i.e., the refrigerant charge, static pressure, airflow, supply air temperature, and blower speeds are all good), this type of situation can be a head-scratcher. Ask a customer if they've made any changes to the attic or equipment since the last service call, and there's a great chance they'll say something about adding a radiant barrier to keep the attic cooler. Ducts pick up heat from the surfaces in the attic. Radiant heat can come from the sun, but visible light isn't required for radiation to happen, and it can occur between objects. A radiant barrier prevents solar heat absorbed by the roof decking from radiating onto attic surfaces, but it doesn't change the dew point. When attic surfaces are cooler and the cool air passes through, the surface temperature drops below the dew point. Condensation happens on the surface; when moisture accumulates, it can lead to other problems, like the dirty M word. Moisture issues happen with low sensible load and high latent load, especially in times like hurricane season in Florida. Adding heat to a space also makes it drier because it acts as a reheat source and drops the relative humidity. It also adds to the sensible load, leading to longer runtimes (better for comfort but more expensive in terms of energy). When we remove that radiant heat, we increase the risk of condensation and short runtimes. If moisture problems are caused by a radiant barrier, then the barrier will need to come out or the attic will need to be encapsulated and dehumidified.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

This comprehensive episode dives deep into one of the most critical yet misunderstood concepts in HVAC: balance point calculations for heat pump systems. Jim and Bryan break down the complexities of dual fuel systems, explaining why proper sizing and balance point calculations are essential for both comfort and efficiency. The discussion moves beyond basic definitions to provide practical guidance that contractors can immediately apply in the field. The conversation begins with fundamental principles, emphasizing that heat pumps must be sized for cooling loads rather than heating loads to avoid moisture problems and ensure optimal performance. The hosts clarify the crucial distinction between dual fuel systems (where it's either the heat pump or backup fuel source) versus supplemental heat systems (where both can run simultaneously). This difference drives entirely different installation approaches and system configurations. A significant portion of the episode focuses on the two types of balance points that contractors encounter: capacity balance point and economic balance point. The capacity balance point represents the outdoor temperature at which the heat pump can no longer meet the heating demand, and backup heat must engage. The economic balance point, while more complex to calculate, determines when it becomes more cost-effective to run backup heat instead of the heat pump based on fuel costs and equipment efficiency. The technical discussion includes practical applications using modern thermostats like the Sensei Touch 2, which offers programmable balance point settings and lockout features. Jim introduces Copeland's new Equipment Interface Module (EIM), which simplifies heat pump retrofits by utilizing existing two-wire systems while maintaining full functionality, including balance point control and A2L refrigerant safety compliance. Key Topics Covered Load Calculations and System Sizing - Why heat pumps must be sized for cooling loads, not heating loads, and the critical role of Manual J calculations in dual fuel applications Dual Fuel vs. Supplemental Heat Systems - Technical differences between systems where backup heat replaces the heat pump versus systems where both operate simultaneously Capacity Balance Point Calculation - Step-by-step methodology for determining when backup heat engagement is necessary based on equipment capacity versus heating load Economic Balance Point Analysis - Complex calculations involving fuel costs, equipment efficiency ratings, and coefficient of performance (COP) to optimize operational costs Installation Constraints and Safety - Why coils cannot be installed upstream of gas furnaces, head pressure concerns, and proper placement of electric heat strips Thermostat Programming and Controls - Advanced features in modern thermostats including outdoor temperature sensors, lockout settings, and automated balance point management Equipment Interface Module (EIM) - New technology for simplifying heat pump retrofits using existing wiring while maintaining safety compliance for A2L refrigerants Coefficient of Performance (COP) - Understanding efficiency metrics and why heat pumps typically outperform electric resistance heat until extremely low temperatures Practical Field Applications - Real-world scenarios, common mistakes, and troubleshooting approaches for balance point issues Copeland Resources - Mobile apps and tools, including Copeland Scout for compressor replacement and WR Mobile for controls and thermostats   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about history and HVAC science: how to dehumidify the air with a waterfall and how cold water became the first air conditioner. In 1902, Willis Carrier worked for a printing company in Brooklyn, New York. There was a huge humidity problem during the summer: the printing plant got damp, causing paper to swell and ink to smudge. Carrier realized that he could wring water out of the air if he brought the air's temperature below the dew point. His solution was to spray chilled water into the airstream; he filed a patent for an invention that would pass air through a mist of cool water, which caused it to cool down and shed its moisture. He called it the "apparatus for treating air." This invention applies basic psychrometric principles. Air holds water vapor up to a certain point. The dew point defines that point. If the air is full of water vapor and its temperature drops below that dew point, excess water vapor condenses to liquid water (such as when it passes over an evaporator coil). In the case of Carrier's invention, the cold water in the spray chamber acted as a giant cooling coil. However, if the water is warm, the opposite effect would happen. We do NOT dehumidify with liquid water due to the requirement for water treatment (to prevent algae and scale buildup). Cold water is less prone to bacterial and algal growth than warm water, but it's still essentially an indoor science experiment. Water is also messy and causes corrosion, and pumping it is expensive. Carrier's experiment evolved to the chilled water coil, which then evolved to the DX coils we see today.     Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this comprehensive session, Eric Kaiser walks through the critical importance of establishing proper user requirements before making equipment purchases. Drawing from real-world experiences in the HVAC industry, he demonstrates how poor upfront planning leads to costly mistakes, buyer's remorse, and multiple equipment purchases. The discussion covers everything from selecting simple tools like screwdrivers to complex HVAC system installations for residential and commercial applications. Eric begins with relatable examples that everyone can understand - like buying screwdrivers that don't do the job you need them for, leading to accumulating multiple tools over time. He then escalates to more serious scenarios, sharing a story about a company that spent significant money switching business software twice because they failed to identify a crucial missing feature upfront. This pattern of inadequate planning costs businesses and homeowners thousands of dollars and countless hours of frustration. The heart of the presentation focuses on a structured approach to equipment selection that prioritizes needs over wants. Eric introduces a step-by-step process that includes defining intended use, conducting thorough assessments, categorizing requirements as needs versus wants, and performing systematic candidate evaluation. He demonstrates this methodology using electrical meter selection, showing how 38 potential options can be narrowed down to just two viable candidates through careful analysis of features like amperage capability, True RMS measurement, and accuracy requirements. The session expands into HVAC system selection, where the stakes are much higher. Participants share valuable insights about customer expectations, from wanting to know when quiet systems are running (leading to flag solutions on registers) to dealing with customers who expect their new heat pump to feel as warm as their old poorly-designed system. Eric emphasizes that understanding customer expectations often differs from understanding their stated wants, requiring skilled questioning to uncover the real requirements for comfort, noise levels, and operational preferences. Key Topics Covered The Cost of Poor Planning: Real examples of expensive mistakes from inadequate user requirements, including business software failures and HVAC mismatches Structured Selection Process: Step-by-step methodology for equipment selection from initial use definition through final verification and purchase Needs vs. Wants Prioritization: Framework for distinguishing between essential requirements and desirable features to avoid decision paralysis Electrical Meter Selection: Detailed walkthrough showing how to narrow 38 options to 2 viable candidates using systematic evaluation criteria HVAC System Selection Complexities: Load calculations, customer expectation management, and the importance of understanding actual usage patterns Customer Psychology and Expectations: Understanding why customers may want noise from systems, visual confirmation of operation, and familiar operational feel Commercial Equipment Considerations: Rooftop unit replacement challenges, curb adapters, crane access, and the complexity of retrofit installations Installation and Commissioning: The critical role of proper system setup, customer training, and setting realistic expectations for new equipment operation Risk Assessment in Selection: How complexity and potential failure costs should determine the formality and thoroughness of your selection process Data Collection for Future Decisions: The value of documenting system performance during routine maintenance to inform future replacement decisions Hidden Costs and Considerations: Factors like electrical requirements, ductwork compatibility, equipment accessibility, and service support that impact long-term ownership costs   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan explains the science behind a common HVAC simile: static pressure is like blood pressure. He covers the similarities and differences between measuring static pressure during a service call or maintenance and a doctor measuring your blood pressure at a checkup. Total external static pressure (TESP) should be measured every time you perform service or maintenance on a unit. The exact test port location will vary between air handlers and furnaces; the coil adds extra pressure drop in furnace applications. You need to pick a coil that has the lowest static pressure drop (same consideration as filters). Typically, the lower the pressure drop, the better. Make sure you use proper ports for static pressure testing when you do make those holes. Static pressure isn't airflow itself. It can help diagnose airflow issues or give indications, but it doesn't measure the CFM. Static pressure is a balloon-type pressure exerted on the walls of the duct. Just as high blood pressure doesn't mean your heart is pumping more blood than it should, a high static pressure doesn't mean your blower is moving a lot of air; both can indicate restrictions. You also don't want an extremely low static pressure, either. It could indicate that airflow is weak, just like a very low blood pressure indicates that the heart isn't pumping as it should. If you want to know your system airflow, you should use TEC's TrueFlow grid. However, static pressure is particularly good at measuring trends so that you can see where the numbers deviate from the norm for each individual system.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this comprehensive episode, Bryan Orr sits down with Tim De Stasio to explore the world of comfort consulting and performance contracting in HVAC. Tim, who sold his contracting company to focus on this specialized field, shares his methodical approach to diagnosing home performance issues that go far beyond traditional HVAC troubleshooting. Working primarily in the humid coastal North Carolina market, Tim has developed a thorough process that treats the house as a complete system rather than just focusing on equipment. Tim's journey into comfort consulting began when he recognized the value of comprehensive home performance testing after seeing the work of practitioners like Michael Housh. His approach combines ethical selling with rigorous testing and data collection, allowing him to stand behind his recommendations with confidence. Unlike traditional HVAC service calls that might only involve checking refrigerant levels, Tim's comfort consultations can take an entire day and involve extensive testing protocols that examine everything from building pressure to thermal imaging. The conversation reveals how this type of work requires a fundamental shift in thinking - from being an equipment-focused technician to becoming more like a field engineer or building scientist. Tim emphasizes the importance of having repeatable processes and comprehensive checklists, using tools like Safety Culture app to document findings with photos, notes, and annotations. His methodology starts with a detailed pre-visit questionnaire and includes preparing clients for what will be a very different experience from typical HVAC service calls. Perhaps most importantly, Tim demonstrates how proper diagnostics can lead to ethical sales opportunities. By using tools like blower door tests, thermal imaging, building pressure measurements, and comprehensive system evaluations, he can provide clients with data-driven recommendations prioritized by impact and return on investment. His approach includes a two-week period for analysis before delivering final recommendations, ensuring thoughtful conclusions rather than rushed judgments. Topics Covered The Business Model of Comfort Consulting - How Tim structures his three-pronged business: home performance testing/comfort consultations, HVAC design for contractors, and training Preparing Clients for the Process - Using pre-visit questionnaires, YouTube videos, and setting proper expectations for an all-day, disruptive home evaluation Comprehensive Visual Assessment - The "hands in pockets" approach, starting with exterior building examination including gutters, downspouts, vent terminations, and moisture issues Interior Documentation Process - Room-by-room photo documentation, thermal imaging for missing insulation and thermal bridging, and moisture meter readings Crawl Space and Attic Inspections - What to look for in foundation issues, vapor barriers, insulation conditions, and air sealing problems Ventilation System Testing - Using flow boxes to measure bathroom fan performance, checking kitchen exhaust, and verifying dryer connections Building Pressure Testing Protocols - Stack effect measurements, worst-case depressurization testing, dominant duct leakage assessment, and building pressure balance testing Blower Door Testing Procedures - Proper setup, safety considerations, CFM50 vs ACH50 measurements, and using results for Manual J calculations Thermal Imaging During Depressurization - Advanced techniques for identifying air leakage paths and problem areas throughout the building envelope HVAC System Performance Analysis - Using Measure Quick for comprehensive system evaluation, comparing load calculations to nameplate capacity and delivered performance Indoor Air Quality Monitoring - Integration of Haven Central monitors for long-term data collection and analysis Report Generation and Client Communication - Creating field reports vs. final reports, prioritizing recommendations by impact and ROI Testing Out and Verification - The importance of return visits to quantify improvements and validate work performed   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about non-bleed TXVs and whether they need hard starts. A non-bleed (hard shutoff) TXV is a metering device that shuts off during the off cycle; it closes shut when there is no superheat. This strategy prevents refrigerant migration, especially in cases where we have long line sets. Liquid refrigerant stays in the condenser and is kept out of the evaporator, suction line, and compressor crankcase. When we have a non-bleed TXV, the compressor may have a hard time starting under the conditions created by the hard shutoff TXV (high head pressure, low suction pressure). Reciprocating compressors are more likely to have this problem than a scroll or rotary compressor. If you have a short line set, 230+ voltage, and a scroll compressor, you probably won't need a hard start kit. You may need a hard start kit if you have a reciprocating compressor, a longer line set, or 208V power.  The OEM will recommend a hard start kit that is suitable for the equipment. Aftermarket hard start kits are okay if a compressor is old and struggling, but they're not the preferred option and should be as close to the OEM's recommendation as possible. Hard start kits typically consist of a start capacitor and a potential relay. Positive-temperature coefficient resistors (PTCRs) also exist, and these have a resistor that heats up and eventually takes them out of the circuit. Hard start kits should not be added to inverter-driven equipment and are not meant to compensate for voltage drop issues; they can cause more harm than good if they're used when they're not necessary or not used correctly.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this essential episode, Bryan sits down with Jeff and Tom from Copeland to dive deep into the world of scroll compressors and the critical topic of refrigerant compatibility. As the HVAC industry navigates new refrigerant standards and regulations, understanding how compressors are specifically designed and optimized for different refrigerants has never been more important. The conversation begins with a comprehensive overview of refrigerant classifications, focusing on the A1, A2L, and A3 categories that technicians are encountering in the field. Jeff and Tom dispel common misconceptions, particularly around A2L refrigerants and their relationship to propane (R-290), clarifying that A2L refrigerants like R-454B and R-32 do not contain propane despite widespread confusion in the industry. They explain how regulatory pressures around Global Warming Potential (GWP) limits are driving the transition to these new refrigerants, with targets under 700 GWP for air conditioning applications. The technical discussion covers the fundamental operating principles of scroll compressors and why they've become the dominant technology in HVAC applications. With over 200 million scroll compressors sold by Copeland, the technology has proven its reliability and efficiency. However, the guests emphasize a crucial point that many in the industry overlook: each compressor is specifically optimized for particular refrigerants. This isn't just about basic compatibility – it's about precision engineering to meet efficiency requirements and ensure long-term reliability. The scroll geometry, oil viscosity, and internal components are all carefully matched to each refrigerant's unique properties. Safety takes center stage throughout the discussion, with both guests stressing that while A2L refrigerants are "mildly flammable," they require heightened safety practices that were previously considered best practices but are now mandatory. This includes nitrogen purging during brazing, proper evacuation procedures, comprehensive leak testing, and thorough documentation. The conversation also touches on the practical challenges contractors have faced, including refrigerant availability issues, while maintaining the importance of following proper procedures regardless of supply chain difficulties. Topics Covered: Refrigerant Classifications: A1 (non-flammable), A2L (slightly flammable), and A3 (flammable) categories and their safety implications Compressor Optimization: How scroll compressors are specifically engineered for each refrigerant, including R-454B and R-32 applications New Compressor Naming Conventions: Introduction of "Y" series compressors for A2L and A3 refrigerants, replacing the traditional "Z" series Oil Viscosity Requirements: Different POE oil specifications (32 vs 46 viscosity) for various refrigerants and temperature conditions Safety Protocols: Enhanced safety requirements for A2L refrigerants, including mandatory nitrogen purging and leak testing procedures Glide Characteristics: Understanding temperature glide in R-454B (2.4 degrees) versus single-component R-32 Refrigeration Applications: Multi-refrigerant capability in commercial refrigeration compressors and natural refrigerant trends Service Compressor Strategy: LX series compressors designed to cover multiple R-410A applications for aftermarket needs Regulatory Timeline: Upcoming January 1, 2026 GWP limits for supermarket refrigeration systems Tools and Resources: Copeland Mobile app for compressor selection, cross-referencing, and technical specifications Training Importance: Critical need for enhanced technician education and OEM-specific training programs   Visit the EPA's website to stay up to date on the latest HFC phasedown rulings and information at https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction.  Keep up with Copeland at https://www.copeland.com/ and on their Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan explains how leaky ducts can lead to sweaty, uncomfortable houses. Moisture issues are common all across humid and "green-grass" climates in the United States. Hot, unconditioned attics and crawl spaces also often have high dew points, which can cause moisture problems in those spaces. Plants also release moisture, so agricultural communities also have those special considerations. There are several HVAC and building design factors that can prevent or worsen growth from moisture problems. Duct leakage is one of those factors. Return and supply leaks can cause moisture to enter the ductwork. Return leaks suck in air from around the leak. Supply leaks create a pressure differential that can cause mechanically-driven infiltration (MAD-AIR); when a supply duct leak puts the attic under positive pressure, somewhere else has to go under negative pressure. There are lots of gaps and cracks around boots and can lights, which provides pathways for hot, moist air to seep into the envelope. Longer runtimes and keeping the fan on will worsen these conditions. We need to control the source of moisture and then seal the ducts and boots before we focus on the equipment. Visual inspections at the connections and boots will go a long way, but there are also plenty of tools for testing duct leakage, especially by Retrotec and TEC. You can also measure house pressure to the outdoors with the air handler running and all the doors closed, but that's a qualitative measurement that has a lot of other variables to consider.    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this insightful episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan Orr sits down with successful small business owner Matt Bruner to discuss how to build and maintain a thriving HVAC business without the typical stress and overwhelming challenges that many entrepreneurs face. Matt, who has been running his own HVAC company for about two and a half years, shares his refreshingly honest perspective on small business ownership and debunks many of the common myths about entrepreneurial stress. Matt's journey from technician to business owner offers a compelling alternative to the traditional "grow fast or fail" mentality that pervades much of the business world. His approach centers on building a business aligned with personal values, particularly the desire to maintain work-life balance while still delivering excellent technical service. Rather than focusing on rapid expansion, fancy equipment, or impressive marketing, Matt chose to start lean, borrow minimal money (only $10,000 from his father for a van down payment), and grow organically while keeping overhead low and stress manageable. The conversation delves deep into the financial discipline required for successful business ownership, emphasizing the critical importance of separating personal and business finances, understanding your true hourly costs, and charging appropriately from day one. Matt candidly discusses his learning curve with business finances, from initially relying on advice from online communities to eventually working with a business coach and reading key books like "Profit First" to truly understand the numbers behind his operation. Both hosts stress that financial literacy isn't optional for business owners—it's a learnable skill that requires dedication but isn't as intimidating as many people believe. Throughout the discussion, both Bryan and Matt emphasize that there's no single "right" way to build a successful contracting business. While some entrepreneurs thrive on rapid growth, multiple locations, and eventual private equity buyouts, others find fulfillment in staying small, maintaining direct customer relationships, and focusing on technical excellence. The key is knowing yourself, understanding your values, and building a business structure that supports your personal and professional goals rather than chasing someone else's definition of success. Topics Covered Personality traits that support successful small business ownership - The importance of being naturally critical, curious, and willing to take control of your destiny Financial discipline and money management - Separating personal and business finances, understanding billable hours vs. total work time, and charging appropriately from the start Starting lean and avoiding debt - Matt's approach of borrowing minimal money, using magnets instead of van wraps, and subcontracting initially to build capital The learning curve of business finances - Books and resources that helped Matt understand accounting basics, profit margins, and business financial planning Work-life balance in business ownership - How to build a business that serves your lifestyle goals rather than consuming your entire life Choosing your business model - The difference between lifestyle businesses and growth-focused companies, and why both approaches can be successful Technical work vs. business management - Balancing hands-on HVAC work with administrative tasks and knowing when to delegate or systematize Pricing strategies and customer relationships - How proper pricing from the beginning actually reduces customer complaints and builds a sustainable business model Common mistakes to avoid - Poor financial decisions, mixing personal and business expenses, undercharging, and chasing other people's business models Building systems and staying organized - Using checklists, scheduling business development time, and creating processes to prevent important tasks from falling through the cracks Partnership considerations - The challenges and benefits of starting a business with partners or family members versus going solo Long-term sustainability - How to avoid burnout, maintain quality standards, and build a business you can operate for decades   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this business and building-oriented short podcast episode, Bryan discusses the limitations and downsides of intentionality. He also talks about the differences between people who act, think, and work quickly and those who are a bit slower, more detailed, and more methodical; there are upsides and downsides to both. People often talk about being intentional, but those intentions have little impact on the world unless they lead to action. Intentionality feels productive, but it doesn't make a difference unless the execution piece is also there. Likewise, skills come from action, not aspiration. Books and podcasts are tools that support efforts to improve, but you can't improve skills without practicing.  There is also the career paradox: we expect people, especially kids, to know what they want to do when they grow up. Their answers aren't backed by any real-life experience. People do the same as adults; we expect them to know what they truly want to do when they haven't necessarily been challenged (or physically made something real or fixed something with their hands). In many of these cases, opportunism and trying new things out, even if it means messing up or being criticized, are more important than intentionality. It helps to think of opportunism in terms of "hat" decisions, "hairstyle" decisions, and "tattoo" decisions. "Hat" decisions are things you can try out without consequences; be opportunistic. "Hairstyle" decisions have longer-lasting effects and require a bit more intentionality, but it's still good to make some of these decisions. "Tattoo" decisions have lasting effects and require intentionality. Intentionality is most useful when we have the experience already; act first and reflect later.   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this fascinating episode, Bryan welcomes back longtime friend and nuclear industry veteran Bill Nowicki to discuss a recently released document from DHS and NUSTL that provides new recommendations for HVAC operations during nuclear events. Bill brings over 40 years of nuclear experience, starting as a 19-year-old Navy nuclear operator (after being deemed "not ready for the grill" at Friendly's restaurant) and progressing through various roles, including lead engineer on critical control systems at nuclear facilities. Bill shares his journey from nuclear plant evaluator to leadership trainer, now working internationally to help nuclear professionals develop their skills. His current podcast, "The Nuclear Leader," continues this mission alongside his passion project, "Navigating Mental Illness: Parent Stories." Bill provides an accessible explanation of nuclear reactor operations, using the analogy that "contamination is the poop and radiation is the smell" to help listeners understand the difference between radioactive material and radiation itself. He walks through the three-barrier system in nuclear plants: fuel cladding, reactor coolant system, and containment structures. The discussion covers how fission works, the controlled chain reaction process, and what happens when these systems fail, using examples from Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima to illustrate different failure modes. The episode explores the current nuclear renaissance driven by AI data centers and industrial companies seeking clean baseload power. Bill explains how private industry is now directly funding nuclear projects, bypassing traditional utility structures, with companies like Microsoft and ExxonMobil investing billions in new nuclear facilities. This represents a dramatic shift from the post-Three Mile Island era when nuclear construction essentially stopped in the United States. The core discussion focuses on updated emergency guidance that reverses previous recommendations. Instead of the old "shelter in place and shut off your AC" advice, the new guidance suggests keeping HVAC systems running while eliminating outdoor air intake. This approach recognizes that modern, well-sealed buildings with high-efficiency filtration can provide better protection by maintaining positive pressure and filtering recirculated air rather than allowing uncontrolled infiltration. Bill and Bryan discuss how building characteristics dramatically affect the best response strategy. High-performance homes with tight construction, MERV 13+ filters, and controlled ventilation systems offer significant advantages, requiring only the ability to shut off outdoor air intake. Conversely, older, leaky buildings may still benefit from complete system shutdown to prevent contamination circulation. The conversation highlights how lessons learned during COVID-19 about airborne contamination and filtration directly apply to nuclear emergency preparedness, emphasizing the importance of case-by-case analysis rather than one-size-fits-all approaches. Topics Covered Nuclear industry career paths - From Navy nuclear training to civilian plant operations and leadership roles Basic nuclear physics - Fission process, chain reactions, and the difference between contamination and radiation Nuclear plant safety systems - Three-barrier containment approach and historical accident analysis Current nuclear renaissance - AI-driven power demand and private industry investment in new reactors Emergency preparedness evolution - How COVID-19 research influenced nuclear emergency HVAC guidance Building performance factors - Impact of construction quality, filtration, and ventilation design on safety HVAC system modifications - Importance of outdoor air shutoff capability and high-efficiency filtration Case-by-case response strategies - Why building characteristics determine optimal emergency procedures Podcasting journey - Early days of niche podcasting and building communities around specialized topics Leadership development - International nuclear industry training and professional development Personal stories - Navy submarine experiences and nuclear plant operational challenges   Here is the full document from the DHS: https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML2425/ML24250A059.pdf Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode about a bigger-picture topic, Bryan talks about making stuff real. He talks about how to make ideas, businesses, podcasts, and other large projects come to life based on his experiences with HVAC School, Kalos, and several other current and past projects.  Understanding yourself and the thing you want to do is the first key to making things real. You need to be able to speak intelligently about a topic (without sounding pretentious); mastery isn't always the goal, but you need to have some level of understanding of the general topic and your own strengths and weaknesses. Starting a business requires you to acquire at least a working knowledge of software, compliance, insurance, licenses, and other items related to that particular business. You also want to avoid relying solely on someone else's vision or advice for your project.  Then, curiosity and exploration are key; you need to get practice and immerse yourself in the work to get an understanding of the process and your strengths and weaknesses. It's okay if your work doesn't look good; you just need experience, not affirmation, early on.  Hiring good people also matters; these people don't need to be perfect, but they need to be growth-oriented and reliable. You'll also likely work with people who are poor fits before finding the right person for your business or project. When you have the right people on your team, you need to be consistent, communicate clearly, pay well and on time, and provide plenty of meaningful work.    Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this comprehensive discussion, Bryan sits down with Brad Cooper, an experienced HVAC instructor from Arkansas, and JD Kelly, a trade school graduate, to tackle one of the most pressing questions in the HVAC industry: Is trade school worth it? Rather than offering a simple yes or no answer, the trio dives deep into the nuanced factors that determine whether trade school provides real value for aspiring HVAC technicians. The conversation begins with Brad's unique perspective as both a field technician with over 20 years of experience and a current instructor who transitioned to teaching five years ago. His father's business background and the common frustration of having to "go behind people and fix stuff" motivated Brad to enter education, believing that proper training from the start could eliminate many field problems. JD brings the student perspective, having attended trade school while working full-time, which gives him insight into both the challenges and benefits of formal HVAC education. A significant portion of the discussion focuses on what to look for when evaluating trade schools. The guests emphasize that the investment in laboratory equipment and facilities often reflects the school's commitment to the program - you can tell immediately upon walking into a lab whether the institution truly prioritizes HVAC education. They stress the importance of accreditation, particularly from organizations like HVAC Excellence, which provides regular oversight and ensures schools meet industry standards. The conversation reveals that accreditation isn't just about having a certificate on the wall; it represents a school's willingness to submit to external scrutiny and maintain educational quality. The discussion also addresses the critical balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application. All three speakers agree that the most valuable trade school experiences combine classroom learning with real-world field exposure through partnerships with local contractors, apprenticeship programs, or internship opportunities. They emphasize that instructor quality matters more than having the latest equipment - a humble, field-experienced teacher who can adapt to different student skill levels and learning styles proves far more valuable than someone with extensive theoretical knowledge but limited practical experience. Topics Covered School Evaluation Criteria Laboratory equipment quality and investment levels Accreditation importance (particularly HVAC Excellence) Modern tools vs. traditional equipment balance Manufacturer partnerships and industry connections Instructor Qualifications Field experience vs. teaching credentials Importance of humility and adaptability Managing diverse skill levels in the classroom Storytelling and practical application methods Program Length and Structure Comparison of certificate programs vs. associate degrees Benefits of two-year programs for comprehensive learning Integration of on-the-job training and apprenticeships Realistic expectations for different program lengths Hands-On Learning Importance of repetition and practical experience Managing consumable materials and budget constraints Real-world equipment exposure vs. lab simulations Peer mentoring and collaborative learning approaches Student Readiness and Expectations Managing diverse student backgrounds and skill levels Realistic employer expectations for graduates The value of combining school with field experience Personal responsibility in education and continuous learning Industry Connections Importance of school-contractor partnerships Field trip opportunities and manufacturer relationships Bridging the gap between classroom and real-world application The role of apprenticeships in comprehensive training   Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android

In this short podcast episode, Bryan breaks down the differences between split-phase and 3-phase power in HVAC systems. Split-phase is a form of single-phase power, and it's common in residential HVAC. Three-phase power is more common in commercial and industrial applications. Single-phase power uses only one of the three phases of power produced by the power company. When there is a neutral and two sides of 120V power, that is split-phase power. Transformers on power poles for residential service only have one line going into them (and only one sine wave). That power gets stepped down to ~240V. Most household appliances and electronics we use are rated for 120V or 240V power. However, we use split-phase power by tapping the center of the transformer secondary; there are two 120V halves. We can see the "differences" between split-phase and single-phase power with an oscilloscope. These halves may look like two different sine waves if we use neutral as a reference, but an oscilloscope will only show one 240V sine wave from leg to leg (without neutral). Therefore, split-phase power really is just single-phase power with a center reference point, and split-phase power doesn't matter to the HVAC unit. We get three-phase power when all three phases of power come in from the utility, not just one. Each individual phase is 120V, and all three can make up 208V power because the phases are 120 degrees out of phase.     Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium. Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android