Your Child's Brain

May is Children’s Mental Health Awareness month and as part of that recognition, join Dr. Brad Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger and his guest Dr. Matt Edelstein, director of the Brief Treatment Clinic at the Institute, as they discuss challenging behaviors in children and how those behaviors can have a cascading impact at multiple levels of a family system. For the child, such behaviors can impede social, emotional, and academic functioning. For caregivers, they can influence stress, mood, feelings of confidence, and even undermine a sense of parental competence. Aggressive behaviors can cause injury. Finally, for the family as a whole, challenging behaviors can tax relationships and have negative repercussions both within and beyond the walls of the household.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

April is known internationally as Autism Acceptance Month. As part of that recognition, join Dr. Brad Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger and his guests Drs. Amy Keefer and Roma Vasa from the Center for Autism, Services, Science and Innovation, to discuss the anxiety disorders common in individuals with autism and discuss why this population may be particularly vulnerable to the comorbid symptoms of anxiety, as well as treatment options and research being done in this field.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this month’s episode Kennedy Krieger President and CEO, Dr. Brad Schlaggar is joined by Dr. Janet Lam, a pediatric neurologist and an expert in sleep medicine and the director of the Sleep Disorders Clinic and Laboratory at Kennedy Krieger. The two will delve into sleep disorders in children, especially for those with neurodevelopmental conditions.  Resources Kennedy Krieger Sleep Disorders Clinic and Lab About Sleep Disorders National Sleep FoundationSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

There are over 7000 identified rare diseases that impact over 300 million people worldwide. And a disproportionate number of those rare diseases affect the developing brain and nervous system. Having any given rare disease is indeed rare. But having a rare disease is, in fact common. February, is rare disease awareness month and the last day of February is recognized internationally as Rare Disease Day.  For this month’s episode, Dr. Brad Schlaggar, pediatric neurologist, and president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute is joined by Dr. Anne Comi, a pediatric neurologist, to discuss a specific rare disease and some potentially very promising progress in its treatment. Additionally, we will hear from Megan Lewis, mother of Tucker, who shares some insights of their journey with a rare disease. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We’ve known for some time now that the first years of a child’s life constitute a very important period for the development of that child’s brain. Because the brain is responsible for cognition, language, movement, emotion, self-regulation, and essentially every aspect of human behavior, it stands to reason that optimizing those first few years can have a significant impact on the rest of that child’s life. In this episode, Kennedy Krieger CEO and President Brad Schlaggar will be joined by colleagues Marcella Franczkowski, Assistant VP, and Executive Director of PACT, Sharon Holloway-Gentemann, the Director of PACT World of Care, Dr. Jackie Stone, Chief Clinical Officer as well as Sarah Monaghan, a parent of a graduate of PACT. The discussion focuses on how early childhood programs help optimize developmental outcomes, and will also look at some of the challenges faced by these programs and why such programs are so worthy of enhanced societal investment.   Resources to visit: Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children www.dec-sped.org National Association for the Education of Young Children Developmental Milestones Checklist and Family Guidance from Early Head Start NAEYC – Questions to Ask Your Child Care – checklist National Association for the Education of Young Children - Readiness: Not a State of Knowledge, but a State of Mind Children's Defense Fund-State of America's Children 2023--Early Education Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Public and Private Preschool Enrollment From 2019-2021 at Its Lowest Since 2005* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Fast Facts: Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences* Kaiser Family Foundation: Disparities in Health and Health Care: 5 Key Questions and Answers*See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join us for the 30th episode of Your Child’s Brain. In this episode, we reflect back on the topics that we discussed over the past 2 ½ years and talk about the progress that has been made in understanding and treating disorders of the developing brain and nervous system. Dr. Brad Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger, is joined by his colleague Dr. Ali Fatemi, a pediatric neurologist and neuroscientist, who, in addition to serving as Chief Medical Officer at Kennedy Krieger, holds the Blum-Moser Endowed Chair in Pediatric Neurology at Kennedy Krieger, and leads the Moser Center for Leukodystrophies at Kennedy Krieger. Dr. Fatemi is also professor of neurology and pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.   Links to visit: Rare Disease Network https://www.rarediseasesnetwork.org National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) https://rarediseases.org/ Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Centers (EKS-IDDRCs) https://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/eksiddrc Kennedy Krieger Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Center https://www.kennedykrieger.org/iddrcSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tourette syndrome and tics—what are these two neurological disorders, how do they differ and how are they treated is the subject of this month’s episode of Your Child’s Brain.  Join Dr. Brad Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger, along with  four of his colleagues from the Institute’s Tourette Syndrome Center of Excellence. They are: Dr. Harvey Singer Dr. Marco Grados Dr. Joseph McGuire Dr. Shannon Dean Links to visit: Tourette Syndrome Center of Excellence at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins Medicine Tourette Association of AmericaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

People with disabilities or chronic health conditions, such as cerebral palsy, may be as much as 3-4 times more likely to develop depression and anxiety disorders. Research suggests this link is not necessarily related to the severity of a person’s disability but is instead tied to things like levels of stress, management of pain and fatigue, coping skills, or family and social support. In this episode of Your Child’s Brain, Dr. Brad Schlaggar, President and CEO of Kennedy Krieger, is joined by two of his colleagues: Dr. Heather Riordan, a child neurologist and medical director of the Phelps Center for Cerebral Palsy and Dr. Aaron Hauptman, a pediatric and adult neuropsychiatrist, and the associate director of Neuropsychiatry to discuss cerebral palsy with a special emphasis on the mental health challenges with the disorder.  Related links: Phelps Center for Cerebral Palsyhttps://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/cerebral-palsy-and-neurodevelopmental-medicine  Bennett Blazershttps://www.kennedykrieger.org/community/initiatives/physically-challenged-sports See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How does the brain communicate with the rest of the body? One critically important way for that communication to happen is via the spinal cord, a really complex bundle of nerve cells and fibers, embedded in a canal that is protected by our spinal columns. The spinal cord makes it possible for information to flow from the brain to the rest of the body and for information from the body to flow up the brain. September is Spinal Cord Awareness Month and we are pleased to be discussing this important topic. Dr. Brad Schlaggar, CEO and President of Kennedy Krieger is joined with two of his colleagues. Dr. Cristina Sadowsky, a physiatrist, is the clinical director for the International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger.  She is also an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Rebecca Martin, an occupational therapist, is the Manager of Clinical Education and Training at the International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger. She is an assistant professor at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. He is also joined today by a good friend and special guest. Van Brooks. Van is the founder and Executive Director of the Safe Alternative Foundation for Education.  SAFE, for short, is a non-profit organization in West Baltimore that believes that all students should have access to a quality education and the resources and opportunities that will assist them in achieving their goals. SAFE provides afterschool, weekend, and summer learning educational opportunities through vocational programs that provide real world application as well as exposing students to the world outside of their community. Van was one of the very first patients in our International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, 18 years ago. In addition, he is a member of Kennedy Krieger Institute’s Board of Directors. Links to visit: International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger - SpinalCordRecovery.org Safe Alternative Foundation for Education - Safealternative.org See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Early recognition of hearing loss---whether an individual has complete loss or is hard of hearing---has significant implications for optimizing outcomes for communicative functioning, whether it’s an intervention to restore hearing, learning to use sign language, implementation of alternative or augmentative forms of communication, early detection is key.   On this month’s episode, Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute  Is joined by his colleagues: Dr. Katheryn Boada, Director of Speech-Language Pathology and Assistive Technology and .Dr. Amy Gaskin, Director of Audiology. to talk about the connection between hearing and the development of speech and language in children.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Check out the latest episode of Your Child’s Brain. Join Dr. Brad Schlaggar President and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute and three colleagues: Dr. Joy Salpekar, a pediatric neuropsychiatrist, Dr. Roma Vasa, a child and adolescent psychiatrist and Dr. Aaron Hauptman, pediatric and adult neuropsychiatrist as we discuss the specialty area of neuropsychiatry, in particular, developmental and pediatric neuropsychiatry.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The focus of this podcast is on an aspect of sickle cell disease that doesn’t get as much attention as it deserves—the neurological and developmental implications of the disease. These conditions may severely impact children’s functional independence, mental health, quality of life and educational pursuits, and may increase their risk of future complications. Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute, is joined by Dr. Eboni Lance.  Dr. Lance is the Medical Director, of Kennedy Krieger’s Sickle Cell Neurodevelopmental Clinic. She is the Associate Director, of the Institute’s Neurology and Neurogenetics Clinic. Dr. Lance is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Schlaggar is also joined by Derek Robertson and Shanta Robertson--the Robertson’s, parents of children with sickle cell disease, are the Founders and Directors of the Maryland Sickle Cell Disease Association, an organization that was created to improve the lives of Marylanders with sickle cell disease.  Links to visit: Maryland Sickle Cell Disease Association https://marylandsicklecelldisease.org/ Kennedy Krieger Institute Sickle Cell Neurodevelopmental Clinic https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/sickle-cell-neurodevelopmental-clinic Hospital Education Liaison Program https://www.kennedykrieger.org/training/programs/center-for-innovation-and-leadership-in-special-education/community-outreach/hospital-education-liaison-program Sickle Cell Disease and Schooling Resources for Families https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/sickle-cell-neurodevelopmental-clinic/sickle-cell-disease-and-schooling-resources-for-families Supporting Students with Sickle Cell Disease in School https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/sickle-cell-neurodevelopmental-clinic/sickle-cell-disease-and-schooling-resources-for-school-staff Sickle Cell Research Studies https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/sickle-cell-neurodevelopmental-clinic/research-studiesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Check out the latest episode of Your Child’s Brain. Join Dr. Brad Schlaggar President and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute and his guests Heidi Daniel,  president and CEO at the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, and Dr. Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus, a developmental neuroscientist at Kennedy Krieger Institute as we discuss children's reading, literacy, and the impact of technology on both. Links to visit: Enoch Pratt library Summer Reading Program https://www.prattlibrary.org/summer-break The Neurobiology of Reading podcast https://urlisolation.com/browser?clickId=796DE2A7-3F7F-4DA8-A057-296FDC84DFF0&traceToken=1682690228%3Bkennedykrieger_hosted%3Bhttps%3A%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DS&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DS_7brlIMa_k Dr. Brad Schlaggar (BS): Welcome to Your Child's Brain, a podcast series produced by Kennedy Krieger Institute with assistance from WYPR. I'm Dr. Brad Schlaggar, pediatric neurologist and president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute. One of the most distinctive features of the human brain is its capacity for language. Arguably, our brains have evolved to produce spoken and heard language. But exactly when that capacity emerged in humans is debated, in the scientific literature, spoken language likely emerged no less than a couple of 100,000 years ago and perhaps as long ago as one million or more years. On the other hand, the invention of the written form of language and therefore the origins of reading, came roughly 5,000 years ago. Simply put, while our brains evolved for spoken language, reading and writing are far too recent to have been drivers for the evolution of our brains. It has only been in the last several 100 years that human society has put such a premium on the value of reading that large portions of society learned to read. That said, in Maryland and in the US as a whole and while estimates vary, roughly one in five adults has very low or absent literacy skills, contributing to significant challenges for the health and welfare of those individuals. For some, reading difficulty is largely the consequence of lack of access to quality education while for others, the issue is dyslexia or a reading impairment, despite sufficient intellectual ability and access to quality education. For so many reasons, it is critically important for us to understand the full complexity of how our brains learn to read and how factors in our children's life, like screen time, for example, impact the development of this crucial skill. Today, I'm joined by two guests, both with expertise that is highly relevant to a discussion of reading development and literacy. Dr. Tzipi Horwitz-Kraus from the Department of Neuropsychology at Kennedy Krieger Institute is an international leader in the neuroscience of reading development. She's an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She's also an associate professor of education and science and technology and in biomedical engineering at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology. For full disclosure, Tzipi and I are research collaborators on the neuroscience of reading development and we published several papers together. Heidi Daniel is the president and CEO of the Enoch Pratt Free Library, a true gem in Baltimore, Maryland, where she has been at the helm since July of 2017. Welcome, Tzipi and Heidi. Heidi, you're completing your sixth year leading the Enoch Pratt Free Library. I know that literacy is one of the pillars of the library's strategic plan, especially focused on digital literacy and pre-literacy. Tell us about the library's approach to literacy. Heidi Daniel (HD): The library approaches literacy the way we approach most things through the lens of access. You mentioned having access to high-quality education and high-quality materials is really important for the development of reading and literacy in our population. The library's focus is really on making sure that we're approaching learning and reading as a whole person way of looking at it. We're very focused on family literacy and for our pre-literacy skills and wanting to make sure that we're empowering parents and caregivers and the community around children to be fully literate themselves, to have the skillsets that they need to develop literacy in the children and their families and their care and their communities. Then giving access to high-quality materials to help them develop. That looks like a lot of things. It could be providing access to programming around development of brain, development of reading. It's modeling, it's doing programs that model, seeing, read, play with your children. It's providing play rich environments where children have the opportunity to play and explore while also having a lot of rent around them integrated into their play scape. Because we know that children learn through play. It's also that digital literacy piece. As we recognize that digital literacy is critical to the communities that we service and through really our whole world. We're all connected to devices and screens. How does that play out when we start to talk about children learning to read and children's brain development. Even in our teens, how does that interact with their continued growth and development? We really want to make sure that parents are educated on the impact of devices, and that they have access to high-quality apps and materials on those devices. We're not telling people to stay away from screens and only take out print books. If you know anything about the library, we've got tons of electronic resources for folks to access. But what we want to make sure is that caregivers feel empowered to make decisions around high-quality electronic usage. What apps are really educational and useful? How much screen time kids should be having? Really looking at all of the things that come into play when we talk about the interaction of literacy and devices and that they know how to correctly use them for empowerment so that it's not just that junk food approach, doing what feels good, but maybe what isn't like super nutritional for your brain. We take that approach as well as connecting families to all the additional resources they might need to support growth and learning in their home. BS: That sets us up so well for the discussion that we're about to have. Tzipi, tell us a bit about your work on understanding how our brains learn to read. Tzipi Horwitz-Kraus (TH-K): I've been working on the neurobiology of reading for I think 15 years now. I started coming out from a very personal place with having several family members with dyslexia, with the basically difficulty in reading, struggle with reading along the years. I saw that aside to wonderful thinking skills, great intelligence, right ability to manage in your environment. It struck me, how can it be, how can these intelligent individuals struggle with this ability that most of us are doing so naturally? I started digging in and doing the academic journal that I'm having for many years. I started looking for biomarkers, for reading difficulties, and we started looking at different neuroimaging tools or tools that helps us to understand how the brain works. We found that individuals with dyslexia, when they are adults, their brain basically does not recognize that they're making reading errors. Then we said, let's see if this is modifiable. Can we train them to better recognize words and can their brain actually realize that they made reading errors? We found that the brain is plastic, so we moved on to kids and we found that the kid's brain, even if they have dyslexia, is even more plastic than the adult brain that has dyslexia. In the past years, aside to work that we are doing with children with dyslexia and reading difficulties, and we will talk more about it, we started looking at younger kids at pre-reading age and we're trying to see whether we can minimize reading difficulties, and for better effect, not only reading difficulties, let's make all kids love reading because this is one of the most enjoyable activities that kids can do themselves and definitely can do with their parents. BS: As I mentioned earlier, human spoken language dates back on the order of probably 100,000 or a couple of 100,000 years ago. But written language and therefore reading, it's really been around just 5,000 years. What are the implications of how relatively new reading is for the human experience? How does that affect the way you think about investigating the way the brain learns to read? TH-K: This is an amazing question and there is a lot of literature about it that relates to this whole process as recycling these brain networks that were originally aimed to listen, to see, to pay attention to things in order to work together, so reading is accomplished. I think when we're talking about recycling these networks. This is a term coined by a researcher named Dehaene 2009. We kind of understand that maybe not all people can recycle these networks and maybe these brain networks cannot be recycled as easily for everybody. That only emphasizes how much this process is not really intuitive. Which means that in order for these networks to be active together, in order for us to see the words, to listen to the words in our thought and to pay attention to the words, then the timing of this activity needs to be very, very precise. The teaching or the tutoring of this process needs to be very explicit. So it's not intuitive for all kids. BS: Along those lines, what does the research tell us about the best approaches and at what ages it's best to introduce a child to reading? TH-K: Oh, wow. If we go back to the American Pediatric Association, they will tell you that a child should be exposed to reading from birth basically. If we talk about these brain regions that are related to reading, which are visual regions, auditory listening regions, attention regi

Evidence suggests that children and teens with autism are at an increased risk for experiencing a mental health crisis.  In this episode of Your Child’s Brain, we speak with a panel of experts about the co-occurrence of mental health issues in autistic children and teens, the signs and symptoms of mental health concerns, how those signs and symptoms can differ in young people with autism, and ways that parents can advocate for their child, not only in a crisis situation, but also in the classroom and the community. We also are going to discuss how one can learn more about autism spectrum disorder and research being conducted to better understand how best to help autistic individuals who seek care.    Guests for this episode include:  Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, Host, President & CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute Dr. Ebony Holliday, a school psychologist and research scientist at the Center for Autism and Related Disorders Dr. Luke Kalb, Director of the Informatics Program at the Center for Autism and Related Disorders and a faculty researcher in the Department of Neuropsychology.  He is also an assistant professor in the Department of Mental Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Dr. Katherine (Kate) McCalla, a clinical psychologist and assistant clinical director for the Center for Autism and Related Disorders Dr. Ericka Wodka, a pediatric neuropsychologist and the Clinical Director for the Center for Autism and Related Disorders and is an associate professor in the department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine   Autism Acceptance Month Free Webinars: https://eventscalendar.kennedykrieger.org/event/autism_acceptance_month_miniseriesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute welcomes Dr. Lisa Jacobson, a pediatric neuropsychologist and Dr. Lisa Carey, an education specialist, to discuss the late effects of cancer treatment on children, especially as it relates to school and learning.    Here are helpful links for people who wish additional information: https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/neuropsychology-department-outpatient-clinics/oncology-clinic https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/neuropsychology-department-outpatient-clinics/oncology-clinic/cancer-survivorship-schooling-resources https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/neuropsychology-department-outpatient-clinics/oncology-clinic/cancer-survivorship-research-projects https://www.kennedykrieger.org/training/programs/center-for-innovation-and-leadership-in-special-education/community-outreach/hospital-education-liaison-programSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

February is nationally recognized as Rare Disease Month and to highlight this,  Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute, welcomes Dr. Jacqueline Harris, a pediatric neurologist at Kennedy Krieger and Abby Tower, mother of five-year old Bay to discuss rare diseases and in particular KAT6a, a very rare disorder impacting Bay and her family.    Guests for this month's episode include: Dr. Brad Schlaggar - President and CEO of Kennedy Krieger and professor of neurology and pediatrics at The Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Jacqueline Harris - Pediatric neurologist and researcher at Kennedy Krieger and an assistant professor in pediatrics, neurology and genetics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  Abby Tower - Abby is a parent of Bay, a very social five-year-old who has a rare disorder called KAT6a.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this episode of Your Child’s Brain, Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute, welcomes Dr. Amy Bastian, chief science officer and director of the Center for Movement Studies at Kennedy Krieger  to discuss pediatric clinical research as a way forward to better care and to developing treatments for childhood disorders and injuries. Links to visit: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ https://www.kennedykrieger.org/research/participate-in-researchSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this month's episode rare diseases are discussed. Including the difficulties in diagnosing these rare disease and the importance of research in developing effective treatments. On this episode, Dr. Bradley Schlaggar, president and CEO of Kennedy Krieger Institute welcomes: Dr. Ali Fatemi - Chief Medical Officer at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Director of the Moser Center for Leukodystrophies and an investigator at the Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger. Dr. Fatemi is also professor of neurology and pediatrics at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Dr. Erika Augustine - Associate Chief Science Officer and the Director of the Clinical Trials Unit at Kennedy Krieger Institute, as well as the Director of the Batten Disease Clinic at Kennedy Krieger. Dr. Augustine is also an associate professor of Neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Links to visit: https://rarediseases.org/ https://www.kennedykrieger.org/stories/news-and-updates/research-news-releases/kennedy-krieger-named-center-excellence-its-treatment-rare-pediatric-diseases  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this month’s episode, Kennedy Krieger discusses Project Echo, a national program designed to address the shortage of pediatric specialists.  Guests for this month include: Dr. Mary Leppert - A neurodevelopmental pediatrician andvDirector of Kennedy Krieger's Child and Learning Center, the Infant Neurodevelopmental Clinic and co-director of Kennedy Krieger's Project ECHO Dr. Joyce Harrison - A pediatric psychiatrist and co-director of Kennedy Krieger's Project ECHO Resources: Kennedy Krieger Institute Project Echo: https://www.kennedykrieger.org/training/programs/project-echoSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this month's episode of Your Child's Brain, brain injury is discussed.  Guests for this month include: Dr. Beth Slomine - Senior Psychologist and Director of Training and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in the Department of Neuropsychology at Kennedy Krieger. She is also a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences as well as Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Stacy Suskauer - Vice President of Pediatric Rehabilitation at Kennedy Krieger Institute and the Director of the Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine where she is also an associate professor of physical medicine & rehabilitation and pediatrics. Drs. Slomine and Suskauer co-direct Kennedy Krieger’s Center for Brain Injury Recovery.   Resources: Brain Injury Association of Maryland https://www.biamd.org/ Brain Injury Association of America https://www.biausa.org/ CDC mTBI Guideline and related provider and family/patient materials https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/PediatricmTBIGuideline.html CDC Report to Congress on Pediatric TBI) – includes lay friendly overview of TBI https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pubs/congress-childrentbi.html Kennedy Krieger Center for Brain Injury Recovery https://kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/center-for-brain-injury-recovery Kennedy Krieger Concussion Clinic https://kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/centers-and-programs/concussion-clinicSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.