Let's Combinate - Drugs + Devices

In this episode of Let’s Combinate, Subhi Saadeh speaks with Jen Riter about analytical method validation for drug device combination products. The discussion explores how traditional drug analytical validation under ICH Q2 differs from validating functional and mechanical performance methods used for combination products. These methods often require an engineering mindset that incorporates measurement system analysis (MSA), gage R&R studies, and the use of fabricated surrogate standards when devices cannot be reused for testing.They also discuss platform test methods and how standards such as ISO 11040 and other ISO references can serve as starting points for method development. The conversation touches on the evolving alignment between ISO based device methods and pharmacopeial expectations such as USP <382>. The episode also covers make vs buy testing decisions, when to outsource specialized testing such as CCIT and extractables and leachables, and how sponsors manage oversight of contract testing laboratories.Timestamps00:00 Welcome and Guest Introduction00:53 ICH Q2 vs MSA Mindset Shift04:37 Surrogate Standards for Mechanical Testing11:12 Platform Methods and ISO 1104015:14 ISO vs USP Verification Debate20:06 Outsourcing Analytical Testing Strategy24:07 Choosing the Right Test Lab26:20 Sponsor Oversight of Contract Labs30:09 Wrap UpAbout Jen RiterJen Riter is an analytical testing and laboratory leader with nearly three decades of experience working in pharmaceutical packaging, drug delivery systems, and combination products. She has held leadership roles at West Pharmaceutical Services and Kindeva Drug Delivery, where her work has focused on analytical method development, validation, and testing strategies for drug delivery systems and injectable combination products. She is also a contributor to the Combination Products Handbook, where she authored a chapter on analytical testing and method validation for combination products.About Subhi SaadehSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal of Let’s Combinate BioWorks, where he helps companies close the gaps between drug and device development, quality systems, and regulatory expectations. He is a Certified Quality Auditor and ISO 13485 Lead Auditor with leadership experience at Baxter, Pfizer, and Gilead Sciences including responsibility for management and oversight of assemble label pack sites and working with device primary, secondary and tertiary packaging suppliers. Subhi previously chaired the Combination Product Working Group for Rx-360, served as International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition, and served on AAMI’s Combination Products Committee. He also hosts the Let’s Combinate podcast and is a writer and speaker on quality at the intersection of drugs and devices.

Continuing the ICH Q series with ICH Q5. This episode explains why Q5 exists, how to read it, and what it means for combination products. Q5 addresses quality challenges unique to biologics made in living systems where products cannot be fully characterized by physical and chemical testing alone and show inherent variability. It harmonizes expectations for viral safety, cell substrate controls including master and working cell banks, stability, and comparability after manufacturing changes. For combination products, Q5 mainly applies to the biologic drug constituent through stability and change impact rather than device requirements.00:00 Intro to ICH Q500:25 Meet the Host00:32 Why Biologics Need Q500:56 Key Risks Explained02:11 What Q5 Covers02:40 Scope and Structure03:19 Q5 A to E Breakdown04:19 How to Read Q505:05 Q5 for Combination Products05:59 Wrap Up and Next EpisodeSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal at Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

Subhi Saadeh sits down with Georg Digel, founder of Elevate CAPA, to break down what should trigger CAPA, and how to investigate the right way using practical tools and better problem statements.Timestamps00:00 Welcome and Guest Intro00:53 The Hairiest CAPA Case03:02 Human Error Root Cause04:58 Common CAPA Misconceptions06:11 Why Root Cause Fails12:16 When to Open CAPA17:26 CAPA Inputs and Triggers19:28 One Process or Two22:28 How to Investigate Properly25:09 Tools for Root Cause26:20 Problem Statement Basics27:48 Wrap Up and Where to FindGeorg Digel is the founder of Elevate CAPA and works with medical device quality leaders to make nonconformance and CAPA systems faster, stronger, and more audit-ready. He brings hands-on experience from early work on the production line through roles across consulting, startups, and larger organizations, with a focus on root cause and investigation quality. He also shares practical NC and CAPA breakdowns and training content with the MedTech community. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/georgdigel/Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode, Subhi Saadeh sits down with Elaine (Yi Ling Tan), Creator and Principal Consultant at MedTech Chopsticks, to break down China medical device market access and regulatory compliance under the NMPA.The conversation explores why Western companies often underestimate China’s regulatory expectations — particularly when assuming EU or U.S. approvals, ISO standards, or FDA clearances will translate directly. Elaine explains how China requires demonstration of safety and effectiveness against applicable local standards primarily GB (national standards) and YY (medical device industry standards) including both mandatory and recommended variants (e.g., GB vs GB/T, YY vs YY/T).The episode dives into China’s local type testing model and the role of Product Technical Requirements (PTRs) in defining test methods, parameters, accessories, and applicable standards for registration.Elaine also outlines how China’s quality system expectations align to China Medical Device GMP rather than ISO 13485 including major GMP updates taking effect in November 2026 and discusses implications for foreign manufacturers.Additional discussion topics include China agents and authorized representatives, clinical evaluation expectations, post-market reporting requirements, and how China’s device classification system can influence regulatory strategy.⏱️ Timestamps00:00 Welcome + Meet Elaine (MedTech Chopsticks)00:38 Why China Is Different: Local Standards vs EU/US Assumptions03:35 GB & YY Standards Explained (National vs Industry Standards)05:07 Local Type Testing & PTRs: Building China Product Technical Requirements06:52 China GMP Updates: Key Differences vs ISO 1348512:42 China Agent vs EU Authorized Rep: Roles & Responsibilities15:19 Choosing Local Test Labs: NMPA-Designated Testing Considerations18:42 Planning Early: Standards Gaps, Clinical Evaluation & PMS Risks24:43 China Certification & Device Classification Changes (Class I/II/III)28:38 Where to Find Elaine + ClosingSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal at Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of the ICH Q series, Subhi Saadeh covers ICH Q4, which focuses on pharmacopeial harmonization. He explains why ICH Q4 exists, the problem it was created to solve, and how the ICH Q4 framework, Q4A, Q4B, and the Q4B annexes work together to determine when pharmacopeial test methods are considered interchangeable across ICH regions. The episode also explains the role of the Pharmacopoeial Discussion Group (PDG) in technical harmonization and walks through practical examples, including ICH Q4B Annex 3.ICH Guidelines (Quality): https://www.ich.org/page/quality-guidelinesICH Q4B Annex 3(R1) – Tests for Particulate Contamination (Subvisible Particles): https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q4B%20Annex%203%28R1%29%20Guideline.pdfTimestamps00:00 Introduction to the ICHQ Series00:03 What Pharmacopeial Harmonization Means00:42 Why ICH Q4 Exists01:55 ICH Q4 Framework and Structure02:54 Understanding Q4A, Q4B, and the Annexes03:59 Practical Examples (Particulates, Disintegration)08:05 Conclusion and Next StepsSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal at Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s ComBinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh breaks down ICH Q3, the family of guidelines that define how impurities are identified, evaluated, and controlled in drug substances and drug products.Subhi explains what impurities are, why zero impurities is unrealistic in scalable manufacturing, and how ICH Q3 establishes a risk-based framework to protect patient safety and product quality. The episode walks through the structure of Q3A through Q3E, covering impurities formed during drug substance synthesis, degradation in drug products, residual solvents, elemental (metal) impurities, and extractables and leachables highlighting where drug delivery systems and combination products explicitly come into scope under Q3E.This episode is a high-level, practical overview focused on how to read ICH Q3, how the sections fit together, and where the guideline applies and stops across the drug product lifecycle.⸻Timestamps00:00 Welcome to Let’s ComBinate00:12 Introduction to ICH Q300:25 What Are Impurities and Why They Matter00:51 Sources of Impurities and Risk-Based Control02:11 Structure of ICH Q3 (Q3A–Q3E)05:30 How to Read and Use ICH Q307:22 Q3E, Extractables & Leachables, and Drug Delivery Systems09:21 Wrap-Up and Next Episode PreviewSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal at Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate, host Subhi Saadeh breaks down the ICH Q2 guideline with a practical focus on analytical procedure validation. The discussion covers key definitions, core validation characteristics, and how ICH Q2 applies to drug delivery systems and drug-device combination products.Subhi explains how the revised ICH Q2 guideline aligns with ICH Q14 and what that alignment means for harmonizing analytical validation expectations across regions and regulatory authorities. The episode walks through key validation characteristics including accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and range, and clarifies the relationship between ICH Q2 and ICH Q14. Practical guidance is also provided on how to read and apply ICH Q2 efficiently, particularly for teams working with combination products.Timestamps00:00 Introduction to Let’s ComBinate00:42 Purpose and importance of ICH Q203:11 Scope and product coverage06:10 Key validation characteristics08:15 Practical application and reading ICH Q210:23 Conclusion and next stepsSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal at Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs and Devices, host Subhi Saadeh breaks down the 2025 draft update to the ICH Q1 guideline and explains what has actually changed and what has stayed the same.ICH Q1 is the core stability guideline, and with the consolidation of multiple legacy guidelines into a single document, many readers have found the draft overwhelming. In this episode, Subhi steps back from line-by-line commentary and instead focuses on how to think about ICH Q1, how to read it efficiently, and how stability decisions are expected to be made.The discussion covers why stability was one of the first topics harmonized by ICH, the fundamental stability concepts that still anchor the guideline, and how the revised structure emphasizes lifecycle management and data evaluation rather than introducing new science. Subhi also explains how ICH Q1 applies to drug-device combination products, including the role of the device as part of the container-closure system and why in-use stability often matters more than long-term storage.This episode is part of an ongoing series walking through the ICH Q guidelines and is intended to help listeners navigate regulatory expectations with clarity and confidence.Timestamps00:00 Introduction00:36 What ICH Q1 Is and Why It Exists02:59 Core Stability Concepts in ICH Q104:51 What’s Changing in the 2025 Draft05:35 How to Read ICH Q107:16 ICH Q1 and Drug-Device Combination Products09:09 Closing and What’s NextSubhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh continues the Combinating with ICH series by breaking down how the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines are organized and why that structure matters for drug and drug-device combination products.Subhi walks through the four main ICH guideline families, Quality (Q), Safety (S), Efficacy (E), and Multidisciplinary (M), and explains how each fits into the broader product lifecycle. The episode places particular emphasis on the Quality guidelines, which form the backbone of pharmaceutical development, manufacturing control strategies, and lifecycle management.Rather than a deep dive into requirements, this episode is designed to orient listeners to the full ICH landscape. It helps teams understand where different guidelines apply, who typically owns them, and how they collectively shape regulatory expectations. Future episodes in the series will explore individual Quality guidelines in detail.In this episode, you will learnWhat an ICH guideline is and how it differs from regulations and standardsWhy guidelines still matter during inspections and enforcementHow ICH organizes its guidance into Q, S, E, and M categoriesA high-level overview of the Quality Guidelines (Q1 through Q14), including:Stability (Q1)Analytical validation and development (Q2 and Q14)Impurities (Q3)Quality by Design and risk management (Q8 and Q9)Pharmaceutical Quality Systems and lifecycle management (Q10 through Q12)Continuous manufacturing (Q13)How different functional teams interact with different parts of the ICH frameworkThe next episode begins the deep dive into the Quality Guidelines, starting with ICH Q1 on Stability.Timestamps00:00 Introduction to the Series00:48 Overview of ICH Guidelines01:36 What an ICH Guideline Is and Is Not03:04 The Four ICH Guideline Categories04:08 Quality Guidelines Overview08:46 Safety Guidelines Overview09:28 Efficacy Guidelines Overview10:33 Multidisciplinary Guidelines Overview11:28 Wrap-Up and Next StepsSubhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, Subhi Saadeh kicks off a new series focused on the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) and its impact on drug and drug–device combination products.Subhi introduces what ICH is, why it was created, and how its guidelines shape global expectations for pharmaceutical quality, safety, efficacy, and lifecycle management. He walks through the historical challenges that existed before harmonization, explains how ICH guidelines are developed through the five-step process, and outlines why these standards matter—especially for teams working at the intersection of drugs and devices.The episode also sets the roadmap for the series, including upcoming deep dives into the ICH Quality guidelines (Q1–Q14) and how they apply in practice to combination products.00:00 Welcome to Let’s Combinate00:37 Why ICH Matters for Drug–Device Products02:22 What Is ICH?05:21 Evolution of ICH Guidelines10:18 The Five-Step ICH Guideline Process11:38 How This Series Will Work14:09 Wrap-Up and What’s NextSubhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional, Founder of Let's Combinate BioWorks and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

🚀 Stay ahead in combination products, pharma, and medical devices 👉 https://www.letscombinate.com🎙️ Listen to more expert discussions on regulations, drug delivery, and quality 👉 https://www.letscombinate.com/Get expert insights on FDA regulations, risk management, quality systems, and the latest trends in drug-device combination products.In this end of year episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh reflects on the past year through the lens of Managing Oneself by Peter Drucker. Using the book’s core questions around strengths, values, learning style, performance, and contribution, Subhi shares how his thinking has evolved and how those ideas continue to shape his approach to work and learning.The episode explores the idea of learning by teaching and why podcasting has become an important way for Subhi to deepen his own understanding of complex topics. He also shares a brief life and professional update, including the launch of Let’s ComBinate BioWorks and a shift in focus toward work that bridges the drug and device worlds.The conversation closes with reflections on Drucker’s ideas about the second half of a career and introduces a new upcoming podcast series focused on ICH guidelines. Subhi outlines how the series will take a high level, practical approach to ICH, emphasizing how to read and engage with the guidance rather than treating it as a checklist.Episode Timeline00:00 Introduction and episode overview00:31 Introducing the upcoming ICH series01:36 Reflections on Managing Oneself03:27 Life and professional updates06:59 Thinking about the second half of a career08:19 Closing thoughtsSubhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh is joined by Ben Locwin to break down what’s changing in FDA pre-approval and pre-license inspections—and why the “inspection side” of approval is becoming a bigger conversation.They cover how PAIs and PLIs fit into the approval pathway, why Complete Response Letters (CRLs) can be driven by inspection outcomes, and what it would mean to “decouple” approval decisions from inspection timing. The conversation also explores the pros and cons of unannounced inspections, the realities of FDA capacity and scheduling, and how FDA’s PreCheck program is shaping the onshoring/manufacturing-readiness narrative in the U.S. Finally, they zoom out to compare international inspection approaches and what global trends could signal for industry.What you’ll learn-The difference between Pre-Approval Inspections (PAIs) and Pre-License Inspections (PLIs)-How inspection outcomes can lead to CRLs—even when the application looks strong on paper-Why industry is talking about decoupling approval from PAI timing-The idea behind FDA PreCheck and what “facility readiness” looks like-Unannounced inspections: where they help, where they create risk-How inspection expectations compare across global regulatorsChapters00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome00:10 Understanding Pre-Approval and Pre-License Inspections01:54 Challenges and Industry Perspectives03:08 FDA Complete Response Letters (CRLs)05:23 Unannounced Inspections: Pros and Cons08:55 Economic and Regulatory Considerations12:37 Onshoring and the PreCheck Program22:51 Global Regulatory Landscape25:11 Conclusion and FarewellBen Locwin is a Healthcare Executive, MMA fighter, Jiu Jtisu pro and Quality and Regulatory SME working in medical devices, pharma and other regulated industries.Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this short episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, Subhi Saadeh breaks down ICH Q13 and what “continuous manufacturing” actually means. He compares batch vs. continuous, explains how a batch still exists in continuous manufacturing, and covers the essentials quality teams care about: RTD/traceability, control strategy, and disturbances/diversion plus a quick high-level note on validation, release, and lifecycle.Timestamps00:00 Intro01:00 Batch vs. continuous (and batch definition)03:00 Modes of continuous manufacturing (ICH Q13 examples)04:30 RTD & traceability06:00 Control strategy07:30 Disturbances & diversion09:00 Validation / release / lifecycle (high level)10:00 Wrap-upSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal of Let’s Combinate BioWorks and host of the Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices podcast/Youtube Channel. With experience across Quality, Manufacturing Commercialization, Sustaining and R&D, Subhi has helped industrialize and launch drug delivery systems for biologics, vaccines, and generics at leading organizations such as Pfizer, Gilead, and Baxter. Subhi focuses on bridging the disconnect between drug and device development and specializes in harmonizing internal systems, aligning internal and external partners, and helping combination product teams move from siloed execution to scalable, compliant, and patient-ready solutions. He currently chairs the Rx-360 Combination Product Working Group and was the International WG Chair at the Combination Product Coalition. He has contributed to global harmonization efforts through BIO, ASTM, and AAMI. He is a certified ISO13485 Lead Auditor, CQA and CQE.For questions, inquiries, or suggestions, please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show’s LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let's Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh addresses five significant quality issues in the combination product space. This episode provides practical insights and strategies for overcoming these common hurdles to enhance quality and efficiency in developing combination products.00:00 Introduction and Host Background00:43 Overview of Development Processes01:51 Issue 1: Documentation Approach in Design Transfer04:45 Issue 2: Early Input from Manufacturing and Assembly SMEs07:26 Issue 3: Control Strategies and Sampling Plans10:23 Issue 4: Method Transfer and Control Planning12:02 Issue 5: Qualification of Supplied Components14:47 Issue 6: Monitoring Expectations in Combination Products16:55 Conclusion and SummarySubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal of Let’s Combinate BioWorks and host of the Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices podcast/Youtube Channel. With experience across Quality, Manufacturing Commercialization, Sustaining and R&D, Subhi has helped industrialize and launch drug delivery systems for biologics, vaccines, and generics at leading organizations such as Pfizer, Gilead, and Baxter. Subhi focuses on bridging the disconnect between drug and device development and specializes in harmonizing internal systems, aligning internal and external partners, and helping combination product teams move from siloed execution to scalable, compliant, and patient-ready solutions. He currently chairs the Rx-360 Combination Product Working Group and was the International WG Chair at the Combination Product Coalition. He has contributed to global harmonization efforts through BIO, ASTM, and AAMI. He is a certified ISO13485 Lead Auditor, CQA and CQE.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh speaks with Steven O'Rourke, regulatory strategist and founder of Clarifi, a consultancy helping MedTech, biotech, and novel food startups navigate EU and US regulatory pathways.They discuss:- The hidden costs of regulatory failure and how to avoid them- Why early engagement with regulatory agencies is critical- Global regulatory models, including emerging markets like China and the UAE- A clear explanation of UDI and serialization- How regulatory impacts extend beyond compliance teams- The role of LinkedIn and storytelling in regulatory careers- Steven’s experience running for the European Parliament and what it taught him about policyTimestamps00:00 – Introduction and Guest Welcome00:38 – The Hidden Costs of Regulatory Failure03:47 – Engaging with Regulators Early05:26 – Global Regulatory Models and Emerging Markets10:07 – Understanding UDI and Serialization15:16 – The Power of LinkedIn and Personal Stories17:11 – Running for European Parliament and Policy Insights21:18 – Conclusion and Contact InformationConnect with Steven O’RourkeWebsite: https://clarifi.fiLinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/in/sorourkdeSubscribe to Let’s Combinate for more conversations exploring combination product development, quality systems, and regulatory strategy.Stephen O’Rourke is a regulatory strategist and founder of Clarifi, a consultancy helping MedTech, biotech, and novel food startups navigate EU and US regulatory pathways. Based in Helsinki, Finland, his work spans UDI, 510(k), EU MDR, combination products, and novel ingredient safety.Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate, Subhi Saadeh breaks down why more engineers in pharma, medical devices, and combination products should seriously consider becoming auditors. Sparked by a question at a PDA conference: “Why don’t more technical people lead audits?” This episode explores the gap between technical expertise and true audit competency.Subhi explains how engineers who combine their technical background with audit training often become the most effective auditors. They gain a system-level perspective, understand how design decisions ripple through the QMS, and can identify systemic root causes that others overlook. He also clears up common misconceptions about auditing, including the idea that it’s just paperwork or checklist work, and reframes it as one of the fastest ways to build regulatory fluency, strengthen quality systems understanding, and expand career versatility across industries.The episode closes with practical steps for how engineers can get started: shadowing internal audits, learning audit frameworks and methodologies, taking formal training, and seeking mentorship from experienced auditors.Timestamps:00:00 – Why Engineers Should Consider Auditing01:10 – How Auditing Expands Technical Perspective05:26 – Misconceptions & Why Engineers Avoid Auditing11:25 – How to Start Your Audit Journey13:27 – Final Thoughts: Seeing the System, Not Just the SpecSubhi Saadeh is the Founder and Principal of Let’s Combinate BioWorks and the host of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices. With a background spanning Quality, Manufacturing Operations, and R&D, he has supported the development and launch of hardware devices, disposable systems, and drug–device combination products across vaccines, generics, and biologics at some of the industry’s largest medical device and pharma organizations.Subhi currently serves as the Working Group Chair for the Rx-360 Combination Products Working Group and previously served as the International Working Group Chair for the Combination Products Coalition (CPC). He has also contributed to ASTM Committee E55 and AAMI’s Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let's Combinate: Drugs + Devices host Subhi Saadeh welcomes back Andy Robertson, founder of CQE Academy. Andy shares his transformative journey involving CQE certification and how it boosted his confidence and expertise in quality engineering. They explore the practical applications of Design of Experiments (DOE), including a real-life example where Andy applied DOE concepts at work. Andy also discusses the value of various ASQ certifications, including CQE, CQA, CQM/OE and Six Sigma Green Belt, emphasizing their importance for career growth. The conversation extends to non-ASQ certifications such as PMP, highlighting their relevance for leadership roles. By comparing practices from various industries, including automotive and medical devices, they underscore the importance of cross-industry learning. Andy concludes by inviting listeners to join his courses to further their own professional development.00:00 Welcome and Introduction00:48 The Impact of CQE Certification02:23 Applying DOE in Quality Engineering05:42 Top ASQ Certifications13:35 Non-ASQ Certifications and Leadership15:55 Cross-Industry Learnings18:45 Conclusion and Contact InformationAndy Robertson is the founder of CQE Academy and a leading educator in the quality profession. With a background in medical devices and years of hands-on experience as a quality engineer, he built a global audience through his practical, passionate approach to teaching CQE, Green Belt, and quality systems fundamentals. Andy’s work centers on helping professionals gain confidence, accelerate their careers, and master the core tools of quality through clear, accessible education.Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

What happens when you go all in on a generic injectable that no one else wants, and it turns into a one hundred million dollar product in the first year?In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh speaks with Usman Ahmad, former CEO of Nexus Pharmaceuticals and now CEO of Quetzal Therapeutics. Together they trace his journey from corporate finance to building a generics powerhouse with his parents, scaling a sterile injectable facility, and ultimately selling it to Eli Lilly for just under one billion dollars.They discuss the philosophy of finding the "right to win," what most companies miss about manufacturing capacity and equipment selection, how to build a team with deep industry know-how, and why Usman is now focused on bringing therapies to patients with rare diseases.This is a practical, personal, and strategic look at building something from the ground up, deciding not to sell too early, and learning how to do the hard things with intention.Topics include:-How to select the right generic molecules beyond patent expiry-Early success with isoproterenol and API sourcing-Why Nexus turned down acquisition offers-Building a commercial salesforce from scratch-Designing a facility with high speed prefilled syringe and lyo capacity-Why most other sterile sites failed-The billion dollar sale to Lilly-Launching Quetzal and developing oral arsenic for APL-The brain-eating amoeba drug and ultra rare disease strategy-Faith, confidence, and decision making under pressureTimestamps: 00:00 Introduction and Guest Welcome00:24 From Wall Street Finance to Pharma01:42 How Usman Selected Winning Generics02:58 Early Challenges Building a Generics Company05:29 Family R&D Expertise and Business Dynamics11:44 First Generic Launch and Commercial Impact16:28 Building Sterile Injectable Manufacturing Capacity18:16 Sterile Facility and Equipment Strategy22:40 Prefilled Syringe and Vial Line Capabilities23:07 Big Pharma Interest and Selling the Facility26:02 Nexus Pharma Services and the Lilly Deal27:23 Post‑Sale Reflections and New Ventures28:30 Launching Quetzal Therapeutics and Rare Disease Focus33:30 New Challenges and Confidence in Drug Development39:55 Importance of People, Teams, and Relationships41:40 Books That Shaped Usman’s Thinking42:29 Where to Connect with UsmanLearn more: https://quetzaltx.comConnect with Usman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/usman-ahmed-a351b928More episodes: https://letscombinate.comUsman Ahmad is the Founder and CEO of Quetzal Therapeutics, and former CEO of Nexus Pharmaceuticals, where he led the company through explosive growth and the billion-dollar sale of its manufacturing facility to Eli Lilly. With a background in finance and a deep passion for healthcare innovation, Usman now focuses on bringing treatments to patients with rare and underserved diseases.Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh speaks with Leonel Venegas, a seasoned quality and regulatory professional who has worked with global leaders including Alexion, Merck, Johnson & Johnson (Ethicon & Cordis), Amgen, and Medtronic.Leonel shares how integrating Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Good Clinical Practices (GCP), and Good Pharmacovigilance Practices (GVP) is essential to successful combination-product development. He discusses his journey from chemist to regulatory-affairs expert, uncovering common disconnects between pharma and device cultures, and the critical role of design controls, risk management, and timelines.The conversation also explores GMP and process validation, IDE vs. IND pathways, the challenges of rare-disease programs, and how understanding the cost of quality can reshape testing strategies. Leonel closes by reflecting on becoming a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt and what continuous improvement really looks like in combination-product development.⏱ Timestamps00:00 – Welcome & Introduction00:52 – Integrating GLP, GCP & GMP02:22 – Challenges in Developing Combination Products04:02 – Device-Led Combination Products07:35 – Working with Rare Diseases09:58 – GMP & Process Validation15:08 – Clinical Trials: Drug vs Device19:22 – Cost of Quality & Six Sigma25:12 – Conclusion & Contact InformationLeonel Venegas is the Founder of Precision Regulatory Consulting LLC and an expert in quality and regulatory affairs with over two decades of experience across six global pharma and medtech leaders, including Alexion, Merck, Johnson & Johnson (Ethicon & Cordis), Amgen, and Medtronic.He is certified by ASQ as a CMQ/OE, CQE, CBA, and CSSBB, and holds an M.S. in Regulatory Affairs. Leonel specializes in combination products, medical devices, and IVDs, integrating GLP, GCP, GMP, and GVP principles into complex global development programs. 📩 Connect with Leonel: leonel@precisionregulatory.comSubhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.

In this episode of Let’s Combinate: Drugs + Devices, host Subhi Saadeh welcomes Mark Kramer, the founding director of FDA’s Office of Combination Products (OCP). Mark takes us on a deep dive into the history of how combination products have been regulated in the U.S., starting with the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 and how the process evolved into the formation of OCP in 2002.We explore questions such as: What challenges did industry and the FDA face in the early days of combination products? How did the “Request for Designation” process come about, and how is regulatory identity determined? What is the “Primary Mode of Action” (PMOA) rule and why does it matter? How do user fees, cross-center coordination, and post-market regulations shape how combination products get to market and are monitored? Mark also highlights current regulatory gapssuch as cross-labeling and site registration issues that continue to impact developers.Whether you’re working in med-tech, pharma, or regulatory affairs, this episode offers historical perspective, technical insights, and strategic take-aways for navigating the combination-product space. Tune in for a candid conversation with one of the leading figures in this field.Timestamps:00:00 Introduction & Guest Welcome00:35 Historical Background of Combination Products03:05 Creation of Office of Combination Products (OCP)04:29 Early Challenges and Developments04:54 MDUFA, PDUFA, User Fee Programs & Legislative Impact14:24 Defining Primary Mode of Action (PMOA)18:35 OCP’s Role & Responsibilities26:49 Industry Adoption & Challenges38:48 Regulatory Gaps & Future Directions46:00 Conclusion & Contact InformationContact & Resources:Connect with Mark Kramer on LinkedIn or via email at Mark.Kramer@greenleafhealth.comMark Kramer is Principal of the Medical Devices & Combination Products regulatory practice at Eliquent Life Sciences (formerly Greenleaf Health). He has more than 35 years experience at FDA and in regulated industry. At FDA, he established and directed the Office of Combination Products and was a scientific reviewer and later supervisor of the premarket review of devices in a variety of medical discipline areas. Following his FDA career, he served as Regulatory Affairs Executive and Chief Regulatory Strategist at GE Healthcare and then as an independent regulatory consultant for over 10 years before joining Greenleaf. Mark served as a board member of the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (RAPS) and in 2021, he was awarded the RAPS Founders Award, the profession’s highest honor, recognizing exemplary regulatory professionals who have shaped regulatory policy and practice and have made a positive impact on the profession.Subhi Saadeh is a Quality Professional and host of Let's Combinate. With a background in Quality, Manufacturing Operations and R&D he's worked in Large Medical Device/Pharma organizations to support the development and launch of Hardware Devices, Disposable Devices, and Combination Products for Vaccines, Generics, and Biologics. Subhi serves currently as the International Committee Chair for the Combination Products Coalition(CPC) and as a member of ASTM Committee E55 and also served as a committee member on AAMI's Combination Products Committee.For questions, inquiries or suggestions please reach out at letscombinate.com or on the show's LinkedIn Page.