Claim OwnershipCount to 10 - Anaesthetic Primary Podcast
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CT10 is a Anaesthetic Primary Podcast series. We discuss various topics ranging from physiology, pharmacology, clinical measurement and equipment that are relevant to Anaesthesia training in Australia and New Zealand. Our aim is to share knowledge that can help medical and nursing staff working in anaesthesia.
43 Episodes
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Today I'm back doing a 'Live Practice Viva'. Thanks to Derek for doing this and Celia for being a special guest examiner again!! I hope you get some technical and non-technical skills from the video. As per previous episodes we covered four topics which were: Isomers/Warfarin (04:08), Resipratory changes in Pregnancy (09:08), Nausea & Vomiting (14:08) and Atelectasis & Peep (19:08). We then go through some feedback. Hope you guys enjoy and thanks for watching! As always if you have any feedback let me know at anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
With the 2025.2 written now in the books I thought I would review this most recent paper. Harry and Robbie join me today to help with this and they will also be educating me on the use of AI. Today's episode has 2-parts, the first is a look at how AI can be used as an adjunct to study. The second (27:49), I will go through the 2025.2 exam paper blind in persual conditions while Harry and Robbie will do the same but using AI to generate a guide to what you should write in the perusal time to help better answer the question. This was an eye-opening episode for me and it showed that AI is used properly it can have a lot of credibility in the answers it's providing. It also not just an answering tool and if we can use it in the right way, it may very well change the way we teach in the future. Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
This is a huge topic to cover and brings us to the end of our ‘Neurophysiology & Pain’ series. Today’s topic is “Pain Physiology” and we start straight away by looking at the normal sensory pathways (01:39). This is followed by a detailed look at one the biggest LO’s being physiological mechanism of pain (11:44). After this I quickly review the progression from acute to chronic pain (32:36), physiology of neuropathic pain (37:05) and alteration in pain perception in the elderly (39:18). As always at the end I go through the past SAQ’s (44:56). This episode is a hard one to get excited about but once you know it well it will make your life easier. Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today’s topic is a fundamental topic when it comes to ‘Neurophysiology.’ There are more than 8 learning objectives for this topic, but they overlap quite a bit. So, I have divided this episode into two main LO’s, the first looks at ICP (02:09) and CBP (13:18). Then I briefly look at anatomy of circulation to the brain and spinal cord (30:15). Following this I look at the second main part which is spinal cord pressure (35:14). As always at the end I go through the past SAQ’s (39:07). Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today’s topic is a little more straightforward with very few LO’s to cover but still some important concepts. I start by first going through nerve conduction physiology (01:07) followed by understanding the difference between sleep and general anaesthesia (11:29). This leads to discussing an important topic of EEG and more specifically different types of processed EEG (19:07). As always at the end I go through the past SAQ’s (24:50). Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
I’m back today after a little break over the exam period with our brand-new series “Neurophysiology & Pain.” The topic today is “Functional Anatomy.” I start by first going over the basic anatomy of ANS broken down further into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (02:38) followed a look at the important neurotransmitters and receptors in this pathway (13:27). Then I look at the structure and function of the blood brain barriers (25:51) as well as the production, reabsorption and role of CSF (30:28). There are a few SAQs to get through at the end both from ANZCA and CICM exams (38:11). Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today I'm doing a 'Live Practice Viva'. Thanks to Nic for doing this and Celia for being a special guest examiner!! I hope you get some technical and non-technical skills from the video. We were able to cover four topics which were: Blood products (04:54), Opioids (09:55), Thermoregulation (14:51) and Blood Pressure Monitoring (19:53). We then go through some feedback. Hope you guys enjoy and thanks for watching! As always if you have any feedback let me know at anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today’s episode is huge!! I go through all the little things not covered in PK or PD with regards to general pharmacology. First, I go through broadly drug preparation and packaging within pharmaceutics (01:18) followed by isomerism (08:11). Then I move on to drug variability starting off with some definitions (19:05) and then moving on to changes in PD and PK among different physiological states (22:47) and pathological states (38:29). Lastly, I look at a classification for adverse drug reactions (44:20). As always, I finish with a look at the past SAQs (48:13). There were so many to go through here! Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
With 2025.1 written paper now behind us today I put myself to test and give you guys a “Live Perusal Demo.” I have not looked at the questions and hopefully you will see through my example we are all human and get nervous. It has been 3 years since I sat my primary so I was a bit rusty, but I hope to give you some tips for you to maximise your perusal time (02:23). Then I give you a live demo (07:38) followed by a review of my performance (24:22). I don’t go through any model answers here, I recommend looking at Dr Stan Tay’s youtube channel for this. Next episode I will go through ‘Drug Variability and Interactions.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
In today’s episode I cover pharmacokinetics. Sorry for the delay but this was a big episode to record. I go through the ADME structure in order starting with absorption (04:21), distribution (15:34), metabolism (23:36) and elimination (30:37). Then I briefly look at intravenous infusion kinetics (35:33) followed by the past SAQ’s (41:25). There are so many SAQ’s to go through and for the purposes of time I have just looked at a select view. Next episode I will go through ‘Drug Variability and Interactions.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today we start our new series of General Pharmacology Principles. The first topic is “Intro to Pharmacodynamics.” I start by discussing the different MOA a drug can work by and then having a deeper look at receptors (01:54). Then I look at the Law of Mass Action and how this applies to receptor affinity (10:32). This brings me to a very important LO which examines the dose-effect relationships of drugs with a look a at some really important graphs (13:42). There is only one SAQ to review at the end (29:56). Next episode I will go through ‘Intro to PK.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know @ anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Happy New Year! I’m joined today with a very special guest and current primary exam examiner Dr Anthony. In this episode we take a in depth look at the Pharmacokinetics of Propofol TCI. Anthony has curated this talk over multiple years and starts of by explaining the main equations you should know (05:35). We then integrate these equations into the classic Propofol Cp vs Time graph (11:52). This leads us on to talking about the compartment model (20:11) and how this applies to the ‘Marsh’ TCI model (23:25). To help understand the concepts of rate constants (k) Anthony uses his bucket analogy (27:27). Then we apply this knowledge to understand effect site targeting (Ce) and run through some examples of differences in age (41:30) and weight (66:05). Finally, we finish with a brief look at the ‘Eleveld’ Model and the concept of Keo (72:40). A huge thank you to Anthony and as always if you have any feedback let me know. Sources/Credit: All equations/graphs/diagrams/tables – Miller’s Anesthesia 10th Edition 2025 All TCI calculations – simtiva.app End Episode Song – “The Volatiles”
I’m joined today by a special guest Justin and we go through an overlooked topic of ‘Immunology & Hypersensitivity.’ The first learning objective is to review how the body defends against infection (05:46) and then look how this is effects under anaesthesia (14:06). Finally, we have a long conversation about the pathophysiology of hypersensitivity (16:22) and the clinical context of the treatment of anaphylaxis (24:18). I want to thank Justin again for joining me today and as always if you have any feedback let me know.
Today is the last topic of our cardiac physiology series “Measurement.” I start of by looking at different techniques to measure non-invasive BP from auscultation (01:31) to oscillometry (07:03). Then I look at an invasive method being arterial lines and this is divided into how it works (11:15) and sources of error (17:54). The last LO for today covers different techniques to measure cardiac output (27:41). To finish as always, we look at the past SAQs (33:35). Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
In today’s episode I cover the ‘Past Saqs’ from ‘Applied Cardiac Physiology.” The first SAQ looks at the consequence of tourniquet release after two hours (01:23) followed by the process’s that cause oliguria in hypovolemic shock (09:45). Then I go through the model answers for CVS responses in severe blood loss (14:39), the effects of infusing Hartmann’s solution (16:51) and briefly the impact of IPPV (21:52). Finally, the remaining SAQs look at the effects of a central neuraxial blockade (22:44), the effects of a pneumoperitoneum (27:01) and the effects of ageing and obesity (30:57). Good luck to all the viva sitters this week and thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
Today I'm doing a 'Live Practice Viva'. Thanks to Celia for doing this!! I hope you get some technical and non-technical skills from the video. The two topics were: Immune System and Neurophysiology. Topic 1 starts (02:32) with 1 minute thinking time and Topic 2 starts (07:33). We then go through some feedback. Thanks for watching! As always if you have any feedback let me know at anirudh@sweetdreamsanaesthesia.com
Today I cover the topic ‘Applied Cardiac Physiology.” This is the biggest topic so far in our cardiology series and I had to divide it into 2 parts. Today I look at the LO’s starting first with the CVS effects of pneumoperitoneum (01:19) and the effects that occur with changes in patient position (06:13). Then I discuss the cardiovascular responses to exercise (12:45), Valsalva (16:58) and positive pressure ventilation (22:30). Then we go into depth examining the changes that occur with ageing (28:42) and obesity (32:35). The final LO for today is multiple LO’s in one and a very deep dive looking into all aspects of shock (37:13). In Part 2 of this topic, I will go through the SAQs. Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
Today I cover the topic ‘Regional Circulation.” This has one very big learning objective that looks at the factors that govern blood pressure. To understand this, we have to first understand how the systemic circulation works (02:29) and second the physics which control blood flow (08:42), together this helps us to understand the factors that make blood pressure (18:07). I then take a deeper look at total peripheral vascular resistance (19:55) and microcirculation (24:49). The BIG topic for today is understanding the control arc of blood pressure (32:04) and this includes talking about the baroreceptor reflex. Finally, we look at some past SAQs (42:06). Next episode I will go through ‘Applied Cardiac Physiology.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
Today I cover a huge topic ‘Control of Cardiac Output & Pressure.” This used to be one big learning objective with 4 subsections that I will go through today. Frist I define and describe the classic terms of preload, afterload and contractility (01:19). Then I delve into the frank starling mechanism (12:34). Followed by a long look at the Guyton Curves (16:02) and the LV Pressure-Volume Loop (28:38). At the end I have some time to look at the past SAQs (34:04). This is a very diagram heavy topic and I highly recommend reviewing these diagrams in detail in preparation for the exam. Next episode I will go through ‘Regional Circulation.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
Today I cover the ‘Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand.' This topic has 2 main learning objectives, first I cover the anatomy of the heart including the coronary vessels (0:55) and then take a more in depth look at the factors that affect supply and demand (12:54). As always, I end with reviewing the past SAQs, today I have some from the ANZCA and the CICM exams (27:10). Next episode I will go through ‘Control of Cardia Output and Pressure.’ Thanks for listening! As always if you have any feedback let me know
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