Dairy Digressions

Join us for a special episode of Dairy Digressions recorded live at the International Embryo Technology Society’s 50th Annual Conference. Between sessions, host Matt Lucy sat down with Goetz Laible, PhD, biochemist and principal scientist at AgResearch and honorary associate professor at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. Their discussion walks listeners through Goetz’s work in developing and evaluating technologies for the genetic improvement of livestock. In the face of our warming climate, Goetz and his animal biotechnology team are working to advance gene-editing technology to help dairy herds cope better—and stay healthy and productive—with increasing heat exposure. The two also deep dive into the science behind Goetz’s recent work on light-colored coats in Holstein Friesian cows. Using direct editing of embryos, Goetz and his team amplified naturally occurring coat mutation—which makes some cows lighter than others—to create lighter-colored cows in a single generation. These animals still retain their classic spots but with increased white coverage and a dilution of black spots to a light gray. Lighter gene-edited cows absorb a staggering 40% less solar radiation than their dominantly black counterparts, representing an important step forward for grass-fed dairy herds that spend most of their time outdoors. Listen in as Goetz sheds light on the potential applications of this technology in dairy herds, including his experience taking it to producers. He and Matt discuss the changing tides when it comes to farmer and consumer openness toward biotechnologies with the potential to help cows lead healthier, happier lives. An avid traveler, Goetz also shares his favorite perk of working in science and his advice for young scientists to embrace collaboration. Episode Thirteen Show Notes Learn more about Goetz Laible’s work with AgResearch and connect with him on LinkedIn. Save the date for the 51st International Embryo Technology Society Annual Conference (January 18–21, 2025, in Fort Worth, TX). Catch up on the papers discussed in the episode: Production of light-coloured, low heat-absorbing Holstein Friesian cattle by precise embryo-mediated genome editing, Reproduction, Fertility and Development (2023) Cytoplasmic injection of zygotes to genome edit naturally occurring sequence variants into bovine embryos, Frontiers in Genetics (2022) Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock, Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering (2020) Cattle with a precise, zygote-mediated deletion safely eliminate the major milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin, Scientific Reports (2018) Targeted microRNA expression in dairy cattle directs production of β-lactoglobulin-free, high-casein milk, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2012)

Members of the ADSA community represent the full spectrum of careers in dairy science, from academia to industry, dairy production to dairy foods, and everything in between. Join us for an episode that takes us into the vast options and impacts of dairy science work as host Matt Lucy is joined by Pablo Ross, DVM, PhD, chief scientific officer at STgenetics and former professor of animal science at the University of California, Davis. Pablo, the son of a veterinarian, grew up in a small town in Argentina and found his career path through swine pathology research, which showed him what a life in science could actually offer. A conversation at a conference with Jose Cibelli, DVM, PhD, then led him to academia, where he spent years working on animal reproduction with an emphasis on gametes, early embryos, and embryonic stem cells. He explains his contributions to the explosion of efficiencies in animal genetic improvement, including the science of induced pluripotency—how an oocyte erases a cell’s epigenetic memory, sending a differentiated cell backward to an embryonic state and then forward into whatever tissue is needed. He and Matt trace that work to in vitro breeding, which could shorten the generational interval by keeping the whole cycle in a dish, generating embryos, isolating stem cells from the strongest candidates, and starting again without waiting on an animal to grow up. Along the way, he explains how he came to transition from research and teaching to his industry role at STGenetics. At STgenetics, Pablo works on how genetic improvements can help farmers and producers be more efficient and more profitable, highlighting his work on ECO$ and EcoFeed, selection indexes designed to help producers achieve these goals. He also makes the case for industry as a place to do serious science, approaching genetics, as he puts it, through the mind of a physiologist.Episode Thirty-Nine Show NotesConnect with Pablo on LinkedInADSA is committed to creating spaces for the open exchange of science and information between all members of the dairy science community. The Discover Conference series is the perfect place for interdisciplinary conversations between researchers, academics, students, and industry professionals in a setting small enough to ask real questions and get real answers. Explore the program for the forthcoming Dairy and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities session and register to join the event running from August 31 through September 3, 2026, at Eaglewood Resort & Spa in Itasca, Illinois. Do you have emerging data you’re hoping to publish? Save on your article costs via the ADSA Loyalty Rewards Program for the Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications when you join the ADSA member community!Explore the papers and resources discussed in theepisode:Phase I/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for Parkinson’s disease, Nature (2025)Watch Pablo’s interview with the University of California, Davis, Animal Science Advising CenterImproving feed efficiency with the EcoFeed index reduces greenhouse gas emissions in dairy cattle, Journal of Dairy Science (2026) Effect of dose of fresh sex-sorted semen on fertility of lactating dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science (2026)

If you study or work in dairy, chances are high that you’ve recently fielded a question or seen a headline about raw milk. Join us for an episode of the pod where host Matt Lucy brings together three experts from across the cow-to-consumer spectrum to work through the science of unpasteurized milk and cheese and to help us all be better communicators and stewards of the science of raw milk and risk. We’re thrilled to have two beloved return guests: Pam Ruegg, DVM, MPMV, ADSA fellow and David J. Ellis Chair in Antimicrobial Resistance and Large Animal Clinical Sciences in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University, and Nicole Martin, PhD, assistant research professor in dairy foods microbiology and director of the Milk Quality Improvement Program and Cornell Dairy Foods Center in the Department of Food Science at Cornell University. The trio is joined by special new guest Daniel Griffin, MD, PhD, instructor in clinical medicine, associate research scientist in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at Columbia University, and host of two podcasts, This Week in Virology and This Week in Parasitism, from the American Society for Microbiology. Together, the group explores why raw milk is seeing a sudden resurgence in public interest and examines the risks from what’s happening on the farm to what happens in the human body. Despite massive advancements in milk quality, pathogens like Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria can still find their way into bulk tanks. Because spot testing can’t guarantee 100% safety, Nicole explains how pasteurization steps in to eliminate these risks. Daniel then adds the human health perspective, outlining what these infections look like in patients and why certain groups face much higher stakes.The conversation covers everything from why even dairy calves drink pasteurized milk to how we can communicate clearly when public perception clashes with established science. Finally, the group connects on a shared truth: Many consumers choose raw milk out of a desire to connect with their food and local farmers. Fortunately, safety doesn’t require sacrifice—countless small, local producers offer exceptional, safe, and pasteurized dairy products that you can trust. Episode Thirty-Eight Show NotesLearn more about each of our guests and connect with them on social media: Pam Ruegg, DVM, MPMV (LinkedIn)Nicole Martin, PhD (LinkedIn)Daniel Griffin, MD, PhD, (X/Twitter) and explore his work on Parasites Without BordersADSA cares about keeping you connected to the experts andlatest science across the entire dairy spectrum. Ensure you never miss a breaking finding by subscribing to ADSA’s newest newsletter, JDS | JDSC Selects. Get a personalized delivery of the most relevant articles from both the Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications directly to your inbox in one streamlined, monthly email.Do you have emerging data you’re hoping to publish? Save onyour article costs via the ADSA Loyalty Rewards Program for the Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications when you join the ADSA member community!Explore the papers and resources discussed in theepisode:Perspective: Understanding raw milk quality and processing—Optimizing the dairy value chain from production through processing, Journal of Dairy Science (2026)The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s guide to raw milkClinical Update with Dr. Daniel Griffin, This Week in Virology podcast, episode 1308Ask the expert: The facts about raw milk, Michigan State University Today (2026) Why Pasteurize? The Dangers of Consuming Raw Milk, Cornell University (2023)

When highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 jumped from poultry to dairy cattle in 2024, it raised urgent questions about how exactly this respiratory virus found its way into milk. Our guests today, coauthors Rahul Nelli, PhD, MVM, and Todd Bell, DVM, PhD, DACVP, both from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University, were at the forefront of understanding that viral load in milk was due to sialic acid receptors in the mammary glands of dairy cows, which act like docking stations for H5N1. Given that the outbreak has spilled over into other species, the team then wondered: Could the mammary tissue of other species also support H5N1 infection, potentially including humans? Their latest research, published in the Journal of Dairy Science and involving multiple institutions, examined mammary glands from pigs, sheep, goats, beef cattle, alpacas, and human breast tissue, finding that all contained high levels of sialic acid receptors susceptible to both avian influenza and seasonal influenza. The two discuss what these findings mean for viral transmission pathways and the human-animal interface, including that there is potential for transmission among these other domestic mammals and humans. With 71 human cases documented in the current outbreak and high viral loads detected in unpasteurized milk from infected animals, understanding these pathways becomes crucial for protecting animals, agricultural workers, and consumers. Episode Thirty-Seven Show NotesLearn more about our guests and follow them on LinkedIn: Rahul Nelli and Todd Bell.Want to connect with other researchers on the leading edge of dairy science? Join us at the ADSA 2026 Annual Meeting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this June, where you can connect directly with experts driving dairy forward. Dairy science is changing fast. Ensure you never miss a breaking finding by subscribing to ADSA’s newest newsletter, JDS | JDSC Selects. Get a personalized delivery of the most relevant articles from both the Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications directly to your inbox in onestreamlined, monthly email. Explore the article discussed in the episode:Exploring influenza A virus receptor distribution in the lactating mammary gland of domesticated livestock and in human breast tissue, Journal of Dairy Science (February 2026) Can H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle be contained in the US?, Cell (February 2026)Sialic acid receptor specificity in mammary gland of dairy cattle infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, Emerging Infectious Diseases (July 2024)

Have you heard of Veronika? The 13‑year‑old pet Swiss brown living in Austria has gone viral for being the first cow documented using tools intelligently and flexibly—a revelation that has stunned the scientific and global community. We’re honored to welcome Antonio J. Osuna-Mascaró from the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna’s comparative cognition team, who led the study on Veronika. Antonio explains why his area of research is extremely picky about what constitutes tool use—it requires more than just interacting with an object. It’s about an animal handling an object to extend their own body’s capabilities to make the impossible possible. Tooling is a phenomenon that is extremely rare in nature, yet touches a wildly diverse list of species, from Goffin’s cockatoos to dolphins, elephants, chimpanzees, crows, and even digger wasps. Although Veronika started with sticks and rakes, the study team provided Veronika with a broom, observing that she was not only able to use it to extend her ability to scratch parts of her body she otherwise couldn’t reach, but also that she had awareness and sensitivity to the two parts of the broom: the stick end and the brush end. Veronika preferred the brush end for most scratches, but switched to the gentle handle end to deliberately and precisely reach sensitive areas like the base of her tail—a flexible tooling behavior that astounded Antonio and his team.Matt and Antonio explore what about Veronika’s life in Austria might set her apart from other cows, what the team is studying next, and why their initial findings challenge long‑held assumptions about cow cognition. The two explore what they hope is the impact of these findings; that all scientists humbly reconsider the creatures we thought we already understood.  Episode Six-Five Show NotesLearn more about Antonio’s research here. Have you observed tool use in cows? Antonio asks that you reach out to him! Curious about the latest in animal behavior research? Join us at the ADSA 2026 Annual Meeting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this June! Are you looking to publish dairy research in 2026? Save on your article costs via the ADSA Loyalty Rewards Program for the Journal of Dairy Science and JDS Communications when you join the ADSA member community!Explore the article discussed in the episode:Flexible use of a multi-purpose tool by a cow, Current Biology (2026)View the paper’s video abstract here!