The History of Eyecare

In this episode of The History of Eyecare, Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with legendary medtech executive Tom Frinzi to explore a remarkable career that has helped shape modern ophthalmology. With over 40 years of leadership across some of the most transformative eras in eye care, Tom reflects on his journey through legacy companies like Chiron Vision, WaveTec, and Johnson & Johnson Vision. From the transition to phaco and the birth of LASIK to the rise of premium IOLs and intraoperative aberrometry, Tom shares behind-the-scenes insights into the technologies, teams, and timing that defined an era. This episode is a deep dive into the business, culture, and innovation cycles that continue to move our field forward. Key Takeaways: Tom shares how a rep job in Houston and early exposure to ophthalmic microsurgery with Ralph Berkeley and Steve Slade sparked a lifelong passion. He witnessed and led through the shift from extracap to phaco, the emergence of refractive surgery, and the dawn of the premium cataract era. Whether working in big strategics or venture-backed startups, Tom's work has impacted everything from LASIK and IOL development to aberrometry and refractive platforms. He discusses lessons from leading WaveTec to acquisition, the early promise of CK, and how timing can make or break a great idea. Tom emphasizes culture, mentorship, and building a "reservoir of goodwill"—offering hard-won insights for aspiring leaders in the medtech space. Takeaways -Tom Frinzi has over 40 years of experience in ophthalmology. -He emphasizes the importance of mentorship in career development. -Innovation in ophthalmology can come from both internal and external sources. -The relationship between industry and practitioners is unique and beneficial. -Frinzi believes that lens-based refractive surgery is the future. -Patient fear and cost are significant barriers to elective surgeries. -Collaboration among ophthalmologists and industry is crucial for advancement. -Regulatory bodies have become more receptive in recent years. -The myopic epidemic presents ongoing opportunities for innovation. -Frinzi is optimistic about the future of technology in ophthalmology. Keywords ophthalmology, medical devices, innovation, refractive surgery, mentorship, patient care, mergers and acquisitions, regulatory changes, industry evolution, technology

Dr. Stephen Lane shares his journey into medicine and ophthalmology, his experiences in research, innovation, and teaching, as well as his involvement with Orbis. He discusses his father's influence, his decision to pursue ophthalmology, and his work with Alcon. Dr. Lane also highlights his research on corneal transplants, intraocular lenses, and bimanual INA, as well as his teaching experiences and involvement with Orbis. Dr. Stephen Lane discusses his experiences with Orbis, the establishment of a cataract program, and his transition to becoming CMO at Alcon. He also shares insights on industry innovation and the future of ophthalmology. Takeaways Dr. Lane's journey into ophthalmology was influenced by his father's experience and advice, leading him to pursue a career in medicine and ophthalmology. His research and innovation in corneal transplants, intraocular lenses, and bimanual INA have contributed significantly to the field of ophthalmology. Dr. Lane's dedication to teaching and his involvement with Orbis reflect his commitment to sharing knowledge and improving access to eye care globally. Dr. Lane's involvement with Orbis and the establishment of a cataract program highlights the importance of providing surgical care in disadvantaged communities. The transition to becoming CMO at Alcon allowed Dr. Lane to contribute to industry innovation and strategic decision-making. Efficiency and innovation in ophthalmology, particularly in diagnostic instruments and surgical procedures, are crucial for meeting the growing patient needs and expectations. The impact of life cycle innovation in Faco and the potential of AI and cell therapy in ophthalmology are significant areas of development and change in the field. Keywords medicine, ophthalmology, research, innovation, teaching, Alcon, corneal transplants, intraocular lenses, bimanual INA, Orbis, Orbis, cataract program, Alcon, chief medical officer, industry innovation, ophthalmology, future of ophthalmology

Dr. Samuel Masket shares his journey into medicine, from initially planning to become a veterinarian to discovering his passion for ophthalmology. He recounts the serendipitous events that led him to pursue a career in ophthalmology and the pivotal moments that shaped his path. Dr. Masket discusses his interest in ophthalmic diagnostics and the excitement of being at the forefront of cataract technology. He highlights the collaboration between surgeons and industry in advancing the field of cataract surgery. Despite initial resistance, Dr. Masket and his colleagues played a significant role in popularizing phoacoemulsification and revolutionizing cataract surgery. Dr. Masket discusses his early years in California, his work with IOLs, research on dysphotopsia, efforts to prevent endophthalmitis, and the establishment of the Mask It Foundation. Takeaways Serendipitous events can shape one's career path and lead to unexpected opportunities. Passion for a specific field can be sparked by personal experiences and exposure to innovative techniques. Collaboration between surgeons and industry can drive advancements in medical technology. Persistence and dedication to publishing research can contribute to the growth and development of a field. Dr. Masket's early years in California were marked by a progressive and supportive environment for ophthalmic advancements. His work with IOLs included the development of a goal wing haptic design and the study of dysphotopsia. Dr. Masket conducted research on endophthalmitis prevention, highlighting the importance of intracameral antibiotics. The Masket Foundation, established by Dr. Masket and his partner Dr. Nicole Fram, provides assistance to uninsured and underinsured patients in need of anterior segment surgery. Chapters 00:00 The Journey into Medicine 04:00 Discovering Ophthalmology 07:49 Research and Innovation in Eye Care 12:05 Military Service and Clinical Experience 15:56 Transitioning to California 21:46 The Rise of Cataract Surgery 29:57 Overcoming Resistance to Phaco Surgery 34:18 The Progressive Landscape of California Medicine 37:41 Innovations in Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) 50:19 Understanding Dysphotopsia in Eye Surgery 59:03 The Masket Foundation and Community Impact

Dr. Marguerite McDonald shares her journey in medicine and ophthalmology, from her childhood experiences with poor vision to her groundbreaking work in refractive surgery. She recounts her introduction to ophthalmology through a retinoblastoma clinic and her research on isoenzyme patterns in retinoblastoma. Dr. McDonald discusses her residency and fellowship experiences, including her involvement in the PERK study on radial keratotomy. She then delves into the development of the excimer laser and the challenges and controversies she faced during the early stages of laser vision correction. Finally, she reflects on the current state of LASIK and the advancements in refractive surgery. In this conversation, Dr. Marguerite McDonald discusses her experiences and contributions in the field of ophthalmology. She talks about the challenges with LASIK and the importance of highlighting successful outcomes. Dr. McDonald also shares her journey as the first female president of ASCRS and ISRS, and her involvement with Ophthalmic Women Leaders (OWL). She reflects on her most meaningful contributions to the field, including her work on retinoblastoma and laser vision correction. Finally, Dr. McDonald discusses exciting developments in the field, such as the EVO ICL and temporary procedures for presbyopia. Takeaways Dr. Marguerite McDonald's journey in medicine and ophthalmology was shaped by her personal experiences with poor vision and her desire to help others see. Her research on isoenzyme patterns in retinoblastoma and her work on the PERK study on radial keratotomy were significant contributions to the field of ophthalmology. Dr. McDonald played a pivotal role in the development of laser vision correction, including the use of the excimer laser and the transition to LASIK. Despite facing controversy and skepticism, Dr. McDonald's dedication to data-driven research and patient care has helped shape the field of refractive surgery. Highlighting successful outcomes is important to counteract negative publicity and encourage more suitable candidates to proceed with LASIK. Dr. Marguerite McDonald's journey as the first female president of ASCRS and ISRS highlights the progress made in promoting diversity and gender equality in the field of ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Women Leaders (OWL) provides a platform for networking and professional development for women in the ophthalmology industry. Dr. McDonald's contributions to the field include her work on retinoblastoma, laser vision correction, and the development of the EVO ICL. Chapters with Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction and Early Life 00:40 - The Near-Drowning Incident and Discovery of Myopia 03:00 - First Glasses and Introduction to Optometry 05:23 - Medical School Challenges and Rotation in Retinoblastoma 07:45 - Research on Retinoblastoma Isoenzymes 10:06 - Internship at Lenox Hill and Residency at Manhattan Eye 12:23 - Residency Interview Experiences and Film Festival Award 14:45 - LSU Fellowship and Refractive Surgery Involvement 17:08 - Work on Epicardifakia and Radial Keratotomy Research 19:34 - Transition to Excimer Laser Development 21:59 - Early Laser Research Challenges 24:29 - Animal Testing, First Human Case, and FDA Interactions 26:52 - The Alberta Cassidy Case and Human Trials 29:18 - LSU Trailer Experiments and Data Findings 31:40 - Controversy Over Blind Eye Study 34:01 - Advances in Laser Technology and Flying Spot Lasers 36:26 - First Sighted Patients and Scrutiny 38:48 - Evolution of LASIK and Femtosecond Lasers 41:11 - Barriers to LASIK Adoption 43:36 - Leadership Roles and Breaking Barriers 46:02 - Founding of OWL and Professional Networking 48:21 - Reflections on Career Achievements 50:49 - Exciting Future Developments in Ophthalmology 51:52 - Closing Remarks and Sponsor Acknowledgments

Dr. Richard Lindstrom shares his journey in ophthalmology, from initially intending to join his family's construction business to becoming a renowned ophthalmologist and innovator. He discusses how medicine chose him and his path to specializing in ophthalmology. Dr. Lindstrom shares his experience in private practice and academia, as well as his involvement in research, teaching, and industry collaboration. He also highlights the importance of being open to innovation and the challenges faced by pioneers in the field. Additionally, he discusses his patents and his role as president of various ophthalmology organizations. Dr. Richard L. Lindstrom discusses the path to becoming a Key Opinion Leader (KOL) in the field of ophthalmology. He emphasizes the importance of being involved in clinical trials, conducting research, and teaching colleagues. Dr. Lindstrom also shares his experience as the Chief Medical Editor of Ocular Surgery News and highlights the importance of education and innovation in the field. He discusses his most impactful publications and the advancements in various areas of ophthalmology, including cataract surgery, glaucoma treatment, corneal refractive surgery, and retinal diseases. Dr. Lindstrom encourages young ophthalmologists to embrace innovation and continue learning throughout their careers. Chapters 00:00 Dr. Richard Lindstrom's Journey in Ophthalmology 05:19 Balancing Private Practice, Academia, and Research 16:20 The Importance of Being Open to Innovation 28:53 Innovations in Ophthalmology: Accommodating IOLs 33:00 The Changing Landscape of Ophthalmology Education 35:00 Becoming a Key Opinion Leader 42:07 The Role of Education and Innovation 42:37 Dr. Lindstrom's Work with Ocular Surgery News 48:39 The Development of Diffractive Multifocal IOLs 53:16 The Most Influential Advances in Ophthalmology 59:00 The Shift in Glaucoma Treatment 01:03:22 Advice for Young Ophthalmologists Keywords ophthalmology, journey, medicine, private practice, academia, research, teaching, industry collaboration, innovation, patents, president, ophthalmology organizations, ophthalmology, Key Opinion Leader, clinical trials, research, education, innovation, cataract surgery, glaucoma treatment, corneal refractive surgery, retinal diseases

Dr. Steve Charles discusses his early influences and career path, including his decision to become an ophthalmologist. He shares his focus on vitreoretinal surgery and the importance of collaboration and education in his field. Dr. Charles also talks about his experience with product development at Alcon and the challenges of finance in startups. He emphasizes the impact of his innovations in vitrectomy and advancements in surgical equipment. Dr. Charles discusses the importance of publications and education, as well as the global impact of his work. He also shares his thoughts on the most important technological advancement in his field. In this conversation, Dr. Steve Charles discusses his experience flying jets and the importance of flying like a professional. He shares his journey of becoming a pilot and the types of jets he has flown. Dr. Charles also talks about the concept of aspirational innovation and provides advice for starting a company. He emphasizes the importance of constant learning and building the right team. Takeaways Early influences and exposure to art, engineering, and medicine shaped Dr. Charles' career path. Collaboration and education are crucial in the field of vitreoretinal surgery. Product development requires a strong partnership with a company and a focus on solving problems. Finance is a challenge in the medtech industry, and the return on investment has not been favorable. Dr. Charles' innovations in vitrectomy and advancements in surgical equipment have had a significant impact. Publications and education play a vital role in sharing knowledge and improving patient care. Dr. Charles emphasizes the importance of global impact and sustainability in healthcare. Technique and technology are key factors in the success of vitreoretinal surgery. Anti-VEGF therapy has been a game-changer in the treatment of retinal diseases. The most important technological advancement in Dr. Charles' field is high-speed disposable cutters. Flying jets requires skill and professionalism. To become a pilot, it is important to learn from experienced instructors and fly like a professional. Constantly learning about technology is crucial for success in innovation. When starting a company, having a clear product and building the right team are essential. Chapters 00:00 Early Influences and Career Path 03:08 Becoming an Ophthalmologist 08:24 Focus on Vitreoretinal Surgery 10:11 Product Development with Alcon 12:06 Importance of Collaboration and Education 19:07 Challenges in Medtech Finance 22:11 The Impact of Product Development 24:20 The Importance of Learning and Teaching 27:43 Early Innovations in Vitrectomy 29:05 Advancements in Surgical Equipment 34:06 The Role of Publications and Education 37:15 The Global Impact of Product Development 39:04 Writing the Book and Importance of Technique and Technology 42:37 The Evolution of Surgical Equipment 46:10 Advancements in Vitrectomy Techniques 48:07 The Impact of Anti-VEGF Therapy 49:31 Flying Jets 50:13 Becoming a Pilot 51:08 Flying Like a Pro 52:37 Aspirational Innovation 53:34 Advice for Starting a Company 54:03 Constant Learning 54:33 Building the Right Team 55:18 Closing Remarks

Dr. Kenneth J. Hoffer shares his journey into ophthalmology, starting from his humble beginnings as a high school student with a dream. He overcame financial obstacles and received scholarships to pursue his medical education. Initially interested in heart surgery, he was inspired to become an ophthalmologist after observing a cataract operation. Dr. Hoffer became a pioneer in intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and power calculation, founding the American Intra-Ocular Implant Society (AIOIS), now known as ASCRS, and the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (JCRS). He also played a role in the formation of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS). Dr. Hoffer reflects on his experiences as the editor of JCRS and his contributions to the field. He discusses the challenges of editing the journal and the meticulous process of typesetting and printing. Dr. Hoffer also shares his pride in the journal and its impact on lens implant surgery, calculations, and techniques. He also discusses his invention of the Hoffer Split Bifocal, the first multifocal intraocular lens, and his mentors who influenced his career. Takeaways Dr. Kenneth J. Hoffer's journey into ophthalmology started with a dream and overcoming financial obstacles. He was inspired to become an ophthalmologist after observing a cataract operation. Dr. Hoffer became a pioneer in intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and power calculation, performing the first A-scan ultrasound IOL power calculation in the United States. He founded the American Intra-Ocular Implant Society (AIOIS) and the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Dr. Hoffer played a role in the formation of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS). Editing a journal requires attention to detail and a strong command of language. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (JCRS) has played a significant role in advancing lens implant calculations and surgical techniques. Dr. Kenneth Hoffer invented the Hoffer Split Bifocal, the first multifocal intraocular lens. Mentors, such as Drs. Karl Ossoinig, John Gilmore, Norman Jaffe, and Robert Drews, played a crucial role in Dr. Hoffer's career. Keywords ophthalmology, journey, scholarships, medical education, heart surgery, cataract operation, intraocular lens, IOL, power calculation, American Intra-Ocular Implant Society, AIOIS, Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, ESCRS, journal editing, typesetting, printing, lens implant calculations, surgical techniques, multifocal intraocular lens, mentors

In this insightful episode, Dr. Micheletti engages with two renowned ophthalmologists, Dr. Mark Latina and Dr. Gus Gazzard, discussing the evolution and impact of laser technology in the treatment of glaucoma. Dr. Latina, known for developing Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), recounts his journey from chemistry to ophthalmology, emphasizing the role of technology and innovation in his career. He shares his experiences with the excimer laser, dynamic laser spectroscopy, and the development of SLT, highlighting the importance of laser technology in treating glaucoma efficiently and safely. Dr. Gazzard, on the other hand, discusses his medical journey and his involvement in pivotal clinical trials, such as the Light Trial, which demonstrated the effectiveness of SLT as a primary treatment for glaucoma. He elaborates on the long-term benefits of SLT, including its potential to rejuvenate the trabecular meshwork and maintain intraocular pressure more consistently compared to traditional medication. The conversation also explores the future of glaucoma treatment, touching upon exciting developments like direct SLT, gene therapy, and stem cell research. Dr. Gazzard's interest in the genetics of response to laser treatment and Dr. Latina's perspective on genetic therapies suggest a promising direction for personalized medicine in ophthalmology. In closing, both guests reflect on the most significant innovations in their careers. Dr. Gazzard highlights the importance of the capsulorhexis technique in cataract surgery, while Dr. Latina reaffirms the impact of SLT.

In this episode of "The History of Eyecare," Dr. Morgan Micheletti talks with Dr. Uday Devgan, an accomplished ophthalmologist and expert in cataract surgery. Dr. Devgan recounts his journey into medicine, starting with his initial interests and leading to his specialization in cataract and refractive surgery. He discusses the role of mentors in his career and his experiences at the University of Southern California and UCLA. The conversation then shifts to Dr. Devgan's contributions to ophthalmology education, particularly through his platform, CataractCoach.com. He emphasizes the importance of ongoing learning and sharing knowledge within the medical community. Dr. Devgan also shares experiences from his international work and involvement in early clinical trials, reflecting his patient-centered approach to ophthalmology. Dr. Devgan offers advice for young surgeons and expresses his enthusiasm for future innovations in the field, especially in the development of accommodating intraocular lenses. His insights provide a comprehensive view of the advancements in eyecare and the potential for future technologies to enhance patient care.

In this episode of "The History of Eyecare," Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with Mr. Nick Curtis, a well-respected figure in the world of eyecare. The discussion begins with a look into Mr. Curtis's early life, where his passion for sports led to a scholarship at Northwestern and a pivotal career start at IBM. This foundation set the stage for his remarkable journey into the field of eye care. As the conversation unfolds, Mr. Curtis shares his experiences during his time at American Hospital Supply's V Mueller division, marking his foray into ophthalmology. His significant role at Chiron Vision is a highlight, where he was instrumental in developing new surgical methods and devices. These innovations not only transformed patient care in eye surgery but also marked a significant advancement in the field. Wrapping up the episode, Mr. Curtis offers his insights on his tenure with LENSAR, emphasizing the evolution of ophthalmic technology and the critical importance of customer-focused strategies. His reflections provide an inspiring look at the relentless pursuit of progress in eye care, offering listeners a unique perspective on the industry's ongoing evolution.

In this enlightening episode of 'The History of Eyecare,' host Dr. Morgan Micheletti discovers the inspiring journey of Dr. Denise Visco, an esteemed ophthalmologist known for her dedication to cataract surgery and innovation in eye care. Dr. Visco recounts her unique path into the world of ophthalmology, sharing the pivotal moments and decisions that shaped her career. Her passion for eye care shines through as she discusses the early challenges she faced and the exhilarating experience of starting her own practice. Dr. Micheletti and Dr. Visco engage in a fascinating conversation about the latest advancements in eye care technology and surgical techniques. Dr. Visco shares her insights into the evolution of procedures like LASIK and SMILE, highlighting the transformative impact these techniques have had on patient care. The discussion illuminates the constant progression of eye care, underscoring the importance of embracing new technologies to enhance patient outcomes. Concluding the episode, Dr. Visco reflects on the broader implications of these advancements for the field of ophthalmology. The dialogue emphasizes the significance of continuous learning, mentorship, and the drive to push the boundaries of what's possible in eye care. Listeners will leave with a deeper appreciation of the dynamic and ever-evolving nature of ophthalmology, inspired by Dr. Visco's commitment to excellence and innovation in the field.

In this engaging episode of "The History of Eyecare," host Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with the esteemed Dr. James Loden, a trailblazer in cataract, refractive, and anterior segment surgery. They explore Dr. Loden's early inspiration from his father and his path to becoming a leading figure in eye care. The episode highlights Dr. Loden's significant contributions to cataract and LASIK surgery, underscoring his innovative approach. The discussion then shifts to Dr. Loden's experiences during his medical training and his involvement in developing new surgical techniques. His reflections on the evolution of ophthalmology provide a unique insight into the challenges and advancements within the specialty. Dr. Loden also shares his experiences in teaching and mentoring, emphasizing the importance of education in his career. Finally, the episode concludes with Dr. Loden sharing his perspectives on the future of eye care. He stresses the importance of patient-focused care, drawing on personal anecdotes and experiences with his mentors. This episode offers a comprehensive look into Dr. Loden's professional journey and his profound impact on ophthalmology.

In this insightful episode of "The History of Eyecare," host Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with Dr. Ted Wojno, an eminent figure in ophthalmology and oculoplastic surgery. Dr. Wojno, renowned for his pioneering work, sheds light on the evolution and impact of Botox in eye care. He navigates through its journey from a substance of intrigue to a mainstay in both therapeutic and cosmetic treatments, elaborating on its transformative role in managing various ocular conditions. The conversation then pivots to the realm of oculoplastic surgery, where Dr. Wojno's expertise truly shines. He discusses the advancements in surgical techniques and materials, particularly emphasizing the use of porous polyethylene, or Porex, in reconstructive procedures. Dr. Wojno illustrates how this material has revolutionized patient outcomes, offering improved integration with tissue and greater flexibility in surgeries. Throughout the episode, listeners gain a deeper understanding of these innovative practices that have significantly influenced modern eye care. Dr. Wojno's experiences and insights offer a unique glimpse into the dynamic field of ophthalmology, making this episode a must-listen for professionals and enthusiasts alike.

In this enriching episode, Dr. Morgan Micheletti delves into the professional journey of Dr. Howard Gimbel, a luminary in the field of ophthalmology. Dr. Gimbel shares his evolutionary path from adopting the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) technique, which became a cornerstone for further innovations in cataract surgery. His narrative brings to light the necessity-driven genesis of techniques like optic capture and divide and conquer, each building upon the foundational stability provided by a well-executed CCC. His recount of how posterior haptic tuck and other methods came about, particularly under challenging surgical scenarios, is a testament to his problem-solving ethos. Dr. Gimbel's humility shines through as he attributes his innovative strides to the quest for enhancing surgical outcomes rather than personal acclaim. This conversation not only provides a historical perspective but also underscores the iterative nature of surgical advancements, where each innovation opens the avenue for the next. Through Dr. Gimbel's lens, listeners are offered a rare glimpse into the meld of necessity, contemplation, and innovative action that has shaped modern ophthalmic practice.

In this episode, Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with Dr. Herbert Gould, a figure who has significantly shaped the landscape of ophthalmology. Dr. Gould takes us on a journey through his career, beginning with his early days in medical school and culminating in his groundbreaking work in introducing intraocular lenses and phacoemulsification to the United States. Along the way, he shares fascinating anecdotes from his time serving in the Air Force, where he had the unique opportunity to interact with Wernher von Braun, the aerospace engineer and space architect. Dr. Gould's multifaceted life extends beyond medicine into the realm of the arts. He talks about his deep-rooted passion for theater, revealing how his artistic pursuits not only enriched his personal life but also had a surprising and beneficial impact on his medical practice. He discusses the challenges he faced in his career, particularly when he was pioneering new surgical techniques. Despite facing skepticism and even professional censure, Dr. Gould remained steadfast in his commitment to advancing the field of ophthalmology. He reflects on the evolution of the medical community's acceptance of new surgical techniques, acknowledging that change often requires a social digestive process that can be time-consuming. Dr. Gould also speaks to the transformative role of women in ophthalmology, celebrating their increasing contributions and even going so far as to say they are braver than their male counterparts when it comes to innovation in the field. Dr. Gould's story is not just a tale of medical advancement, but also one of perseverance, interdisciplinary interests, and the courage to challenge the status quo. His experiences serve as a testament to the importance of maintaining a holistic approach to life and career, embracing challenges as opportunities for growth, and being willing to stand alone in the face of criticism to bring about meaningful change. This episode offers a comprehensive look into the life and contributions of Dr. Herbert Gould, capturing the essence of a man who has not only advanced the field of ophthalmology but has also lived a life rich in experiences and interests outside of medicine. It serves as a valuable historical record, shedding light on the personal and professional elements that have shaped his impactful career.

In this episode of "The History of Eye Care," host Dr. Morgan Micheletti sits down with Dr. Robert Maloney, a trailblazer in the field of ophthalmology. Dr. Maloney begins by discussing the early career choices that led him to specialize in eye care. He recounts a transformative experience in the Marshall Islands, where he and Dr. Anthony Adams trained a local surgeon, Dr. Philippe Pasteur, in cataract surgery. This training had a profound impact, essentially eradicating cataract blindness in the entire nation within a few years. Dr. Maloney provides detailed insights into the early days of LASIK surgery, discussing his involvement in the original FDA trials. He describes the intricacies of his first LASIK case, highlighting the challenges and complexities of pioneering a new surgical technique. His work on LASIK safety protocols has been instrumental in its widespread adoption. A significant portion of the episode is dedicated to Dr. Maloney's mentorship under Dr. George Waring III. Dr. Waring was not just an academic influence; he instilled in Dr. Maloney a love for research and a commitment to advancing the field of ophthalmology. Dr. Maloney credits Dr. Waring with reigniting his passion for academics, which continued to flourish even after he transitioned out of the university setting. Dr. Maloney also talks about his international experiences, including a trip to Russia where he met with Dr. Fyodorov, a pioneer in radial keratotomy. His time in Crete was spent collaborating with Dr. Pallikaris, the inventor of LASIK. These international journeys were focused on learning advanced refractive surgeries to bring back and implement in the United States. Ethical considerations also find a place in the conversation. Dr. Maloney discusses how his ethical compass has been shaped by Charlie Munger of Berkshire Hathaway, emphasizing the importance of doing what's right before considering the financial implications. Dr. Maloney identifies his most significant contribution to ophthalmology as his extensive research on the safety and complications of laser refractive surgery. His publications have set the standard for safe practices, benefiting both patients and practitioners alike.

Our guest today is Dr. Dee Stephenson, a luminary in the field of ophthalmology. She has been in private practice since 1989 in Venice, Florida. She specializes in cataract surgery and has been at the forefront of research as the President of the American Board of Eye Surgery and as a past president of ACES (American College of Eye Surgeons). She is a founding member of ASPENS and AECOS. She is a force in the field, advocating for gender equality and serving as a role model for the next generation of ophthalmologists. To begin, Dr. Stephenson shares how she began her career in ophthalmology. During medical school, she assisted the chairman of the ophthalmology department at USF in his research on glaucoma and cataracts. Dr. Stephenson attended medical school at USF and ophthalmology school at USC in Columbia, South Carolina. She shares the valuable lesson her second mentor taught her about being a kind human being and doctor. Now, she has instilled the habit of calling each and every patient the night before and the day of their cataract surgery to soothe their nerves and worries. During the beginning stages of her practice back in Florida, Dr. Stephenson did many penetrative corneal transplants. She shares what outpatient surgery was most commonly like during that time. In 2007, Dr. Stephenson became the first person to purchase ORA commercially. The technology was a total game-changer for her practice because it took a reading of the eye, magnetized the astigmatism, calculated implants, and signaled where incisions needed to be made. This made Dr. Stephenson realize that 80% of her patients have astigmatism. While she has been introduced to other technologies since then, she still uses ORA in her practice today. She believes that the most exciting thing about ophthalmology is that it is an industry that is always changing. Dr. Stephenson shares that she has been a member of ACES since she was just 25 years old. Since its beginning, ACES has been an organization of people who want to think outside the box and prove the importance of innovation to the field. Here, original ideas and conversations were encouraged. The ABES Certification is still a functioning board Dr. Stephenson still serves as the functioning president. These organizations were composed of people willing to advance the industry and explore new ideas. Before wrapping up, Dr. Stephenson touches on her work advocating for women in the field of ophthalmology. Key Topics: 1:28 - Introducing today’s guest, Dr. Dee Stephenson. 2:15 - How Dr. Stephenson became interested in ophthalmology. 11:30 - What outpatient surgery was like during the beginning of Dr. Stephenson’s practice. 14:12 - What is ORA and why was it such a game changing technology? 31:45 - The importance of cataract surgery for the aging population. 33:45 - What are ACES and ABES? 40:57 - Advocating for women in ophthalmology.

In the sixth episode of The History of Eyecare, your host, J. Morgan Micheletti, MD, FACS, welcomes Thomas Oetting, MD. Dr. Oetting serves as Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Associate Residency Director, and Deputy Director of the VA at the University of Iowa. Dr. Oetting begins by discussing his transition from a career in the Air Force to medicine. His graduate research on neural networks at Duke University ignited his interest in ophthalmology. He found the medical field uniquely challenging in terms of its often-ambiguous initial objectives, a contrast to his previous experiences in engineering and the military. With over three decades of medical experience, Dr. Oetting discusses the transformative role of higher bandwidth internet in medical education. This has not only facilitated easier access to multimedia content but also empowered individuals to customize educational materials. He particularly notes his involvement with EyeRounds.org, a collaborative venture with the University of Iowa that serves as a comprehensive educational resource. Dr. Oetting highlights the advantages of emerging artificial intelligence technologies, specifically the development of specialized simulations like simulated eyes. These technological advancements offer cost-effective and space-efficient alternatives to conventional methods and promise further innovations. When discussing surgical procedures, Dr. Oetting stresses the importance of informing patients about the involvement of residents. A set of stringent safety protocols is in place, including a rule prohibiting the simultaneous use of both hands during operations, thereby ensuring patient safety. In conclusion, Dr. Oetting shares his proudest contributions to the field, notably his role in advancing structured training protocols. He then identifies significant innovations of his career and expresses optimism for the future of ophthalmology. Key Topics: 0:13: Introduction of today's guest, Thomas Oetting, MD. 1:20: Dr. Oetting's transition into medicine. 10:00: The role of higher bandwidth internet in transforming medical education. 16:20: The genesis and impact of EyeRounds.org. 22:28: Additional factors contributing to Dr. Oetting's career. 27:20: Innovations in artificial intelligence within ophthalmology. 34:40: Ensuring patient safety during surgeries. 38:12: Dr. Oetting's career highlights. 44:52: Future prospects in ophthalmology.

Welcome to The History of Eyecare, a podcast series that is dedicated to exploring the past so that we can better shape the future. In today’s episode, host Dr. Morgan Micheletti interviews guest Dr. Frank Bowden III, an ophthalmologist and founder of Bowden Eye and Associates. He served in the Navy for 12 years and was recognized with two medals for his service. He was the ophthalmologist for the NFL Jacksonville Jaguars for 23 years. To begin, Dr. Bowden III grew up in Knoxville, TN and his parents were the first in his family to go to college. He participated in a regional science fair where he made a paper mâché of a human eye. He went to the University of Tennessee and was accepted into medical school after 3 years. He received a military scholarship through the navy and attended Meharry Medical College in Nashville. He finished medical school, got accepted into the ophthalmology program, and was the first African American to complete the training at the time. He was stationed in Jacksonville, FL as the staff ophthalmologist for the hospital and after 3 years, he went to Philadelphia for a year-long cornea fellowship. He went back to Jacksonville for private practice and became the second cornea specialist in the city. He helped form Baptist Eye Institute and was asked to be the ophthalmologist for the Jacksonville Jaguars. The craziest thing he saw was when the defensive tackle had an eye injury from a bar fight. He had a laceration on his cornea and did the repair and a cataract removal a week later. He had to deal with this player’s agent and the local press, but he was rehabilitated to play the next season even with stitches in his cornea. He ended up with 20/25 vision and saved his career. As an African American surgeon, he recalls facing hesitancy and challenges as part of his training. One of the surgeons in his residency program had reservations against him being there, but, at the end of his residency and with all of his accolades, this surgeon came up to Dr. Bowden and said that even though he complained about him, he now fully supported him. He had multiple challenges but also many wonderful experiences and says if you're prepared and conduct yourself professionally, people will want to help you get to where you want to be. He says you have to challenge yourself and continually learn and adapt. Key Topics: 0:42 - Introducing today’s guest, Dr. Frank Bowden III. 1:34 - Dr. Frank Bowden III’s medical journey. 13:58 - Dr. Bowden III shares what it was like being the ophthalmologist for the NFL Jacksonville Jaguars. 18:37 - His journey as an African American surgeon. 24:25 - What did you feel was the most important innovation in your career? 36:03 - His advice for anyone who feels like they’re not supported. 40:14 - Did you feel the bar was higher for you? 42:16 - His mentors’ impact on his career.

In the latest episode of The History of Eyecare podcast, host Dr. Morgan Micheletti features Dr. Arthur Cummings, a renowned Dublin-based eye surgeon with a significant impact on refractive surgery. Beginning with his humble origins in South Africa, Dr. Cummings narrates how an unexpected day in an eye clinic shifted his career path from urology to ophthalmology. This marked the onset of his persistent drive for innovation in cataract and refractive surgery, leading to the development of advanced methodologies and instruments shaping the field today. Dr. Cummings provides an engaging recount of his early career, from performing Radial Keratotomy (RK) procedures to transitioning to LASIK in the mid-90s. He vividly describes how his unconventional approach to LASIK, performing surgery on both eyes simultaneously, instigated robust debate among international peers. This period taught him the vital importance of thorough patient communication during complex procedures like LASIK. Sharing experiences from his tenure with the Refractive Surgery Alliance, Dr. Cummings underscores the organization's role in promoting global collaboration and knowledge sharing among surgeons to improve refractive surgery outcomes. He highlights alarming global vision impairment statistics and advocates fervently for the life-enhancing potential of refractive surgery beyond mere vision correction. Discussing his vision for The World College of Refractive Surgery, Dr. Cummings outlines his ambitious plan to set global standards and enhance patient care. This initiative involves raising capital to extend quality eye care services to underprivileged communities, creating a more sustainable future by reducing dependence on contacts and glasses. Lastly, Dr. Cummings shares his unique experience serving on the board of directors of Alcon as the only ophthalmologist board member. This opportunity arose through an interesting process initiated on LinkedIn, revealing the importance of professional networking platforms in career development. As part of the board, he emphasizes the necessity of sustainable and implementable ideas to address unmet needs, ensuring the continued success and profitability of innovations. This conversation provides a captivating glimpse into Dr. Cummings' life and work, reflecting his unwavering dedication to advancing eye care, championing innovation, and promoting the transformative potential of refractive surgery. Key Topics: 1:32 - Introducing today’s guest, Dr. Arthur Cummings. 2:45 - Dr. Arthur Cummings medical journey. 7:19 - The shift from lasik to PRK. 9:34 - The change in flap creations. 12:57 - The role of the Refractive Surgery Alliance. 26:39 - Bridging the gap with the RSA. 29:18 - The World College of Refractive Surgery 38:11 - How refractive surgery could help eliminate waste. 39:05 - The AECOS organization and their role. 42:54 - His role on the Board of Directors for Alcon.