New History of Spain

In episode 36, we explore the political history of the Kingdom of Asturias under Kings Alfonso II, Nepotian, and Ramiro I. I also discuss the origins of the Jacobean cult and the emergence of Asturian pre-Romanesque art. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:22 Alfonso II of Asturias versus Abd al-Rahman II 06:05 The Origin of the Cult of Saint James 12:12 Ramiro versus Nepotian for the Asturian Throne 15:21 The Reign of Ramiro I of Asturias 18:25 Asturian Pre-Romanesque Art 26:35 The Verdict: The Power of a Lie 27:29 Outro

In episode 35, I talk about the voluntary martyrs of Córdoba, the Jewish convert Bodo, the Black musician Ziryab, the situation of the Abbasid Caliphate from its foundation to the year 861, and how Islamic justice worked. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:25 The Martyrs of Córdoba 08:35 Bodo, the Deacon who Became a Jew 11:25 Ziryab, the Influencer of Abd al-Rahman II’s Court 18:01 The Abbasid Caliphate up to 861 25:03 Maliki Islamic Law and the Ulema 36:04 The Verdict: The Danger of Focusing on Exceptions 37:19 Outro

How did al-Andalus become a country of Arab culture and a Muslim majority? Was there good coexistence between the Muslims, Christians, and Jews of al-Andalus? What legal restrictions were imposed on Christians and Jews? In episode 34, an essential chapter on the history of al-Andalus and medieval Iberia, I answer these and more questions. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:26 Arabization in al-Andalus 05:59 Islamization in al-Andalus 14:01 The Legal Status of the Dhimmis 18:00 Conflict or Coexistence in al-Andalus? Interreligious Relations 29:04 The Verdict: Sexual Domination under Islamic Hegemony 30:45 Outro

In episode 33 you will learn the political history of Muslim Iberia under Emir Abd al-Rahman II, as well as the diplomacy, administration and taxation of Umayyad al-Andalus. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:32 Opposition to Emir Abd al-Rahman II 07:57 Territorial Reorganization and the Founding of Murcia 11:06 The Viking Attack of 844: The Sacking of Seville 19:49 Nasr, the Great Eunuch of Abd al-Rahman II 23:14 Diplomatic Relations of the Emirate of Córdoba 28:05 Taxation and Administration in Umayyad al-Andalus 42:44 The Verdict: Who Broke the Andalusi Social Contract? 44:00 Outro

In the first half of the 9th century, two power struggles unfolded side by side: the rise of the Kingdom of Pamplona and the slow unraveling of the Carolingian Empire under Louis the Pious. Why did the lords of Pamplona prefer paying tribute to Muslim Córdoba over submitting to the Franks? And how did the empire built by Charlemagne begin to fracture? In episode 32 I’ll tell you a story of shifting loyalties in Vasconia and the Carolingian world. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:32 Vasconia at the Dawn of the Early Middle Ages 03:46 Íñigo Arista and the Founding of the Kingdom of Pamplona 13:34 Musa ibn Musa and the Rise of the Banu Qasi 20:59 The Carolingian Empire and the Spanish March under Louis the Pious 32:13 The Division of the Carolingian Empire 38:22 The Verdict: Blurred Religious Boundaries 40:01 Outro

In episode 31, I explore the turbulent reigns of Hisham and al-Hakam I of Córdoba—two emirs who faced family conspiracies and uprisings that threatened the very survival of an independent Umayyad Emirate in al-Andalus. Moreover, we explore the early reign of Alfonso II of Asturias and how the Revolt of Saqunda unfolded. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:24 Hisham I of Córdoba, the Emir of Jihad 08:13 Alfonso II of Asturias, the King in the North 14:10 Al-Hakam I, A Ruthless Emir 23:17 The Revolt of the Suburb of Saqunda 33:43 The Verdict: Problems of Authority 36:13 Outro

In episode 30 I explain the Frankish conquest of Barcelona and attempts to expand into Navarre, Aragon and Tortosa, as well as discussing the society, culture and economy of the Carolingian Empire. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:18 The Carolingian Conquest of Barcelona 04:39 The Formation of the Spanish March 09:07 Charlemagne: Emperor and Champion of Christendom 11:45 Carolingian Society and... Feudalism? 23:13 The Nature of Carolingian Power 28:30 Environmental History and the Carolingian Economy 38:52 The Carolingian Renaissance 43:39 The Verdict: Carolingian Slavery 45:25 Outro

In episode 29 I uncover the battles and conquests of the Franks prior to the conquest of Barcelona, the role Muslims and Hispano-Goths played in the expansion of the Carolingian Empire, and how the Franks suppressed the Adoptionist Heresy. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:30 Islamic Catalonia 05:59 The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty 10:03 Charlemagne in Spain: The Battle of Roncevaux Pass 17:52 The Upper March, Between the Carolingians and the Umayyads 25:07 Frankish Annexation of Girona and the Catalan and Aragonese Pyrenees 32:47 The Adoptionist Controversy 37:26 The Verdict: Airbrushing the Origins 38:49 Outro

In episode 28, I explain the history of the stateless peoples of the Douro Basin and the political history of the Kingdom of Asturias from Alfonso I to Vermudo the Deacon, covering the years 739 to 791. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:25 Stateless Societies: The Douro Basin 06:10 Light and Darkness: Alfonso I of Asturias and His Son Fruela 21:12 The Obscure Reigns of Aurelius and Silo 24:56 Storm Winds: Mauregatus and Vermudo the Deacon 28:02 Beatus of Liébana, the Intellectual of the Kingdom of Asturias 33:25 The Verdict: Giving a Voice to the Silenced 35:05 Outro

In episode 27 I tell the story of how a refugee became the ruler of al-Andalus. The man was Abd al-Rahman I, founder of the Emirate of Córdoba from the Umayyad dynasty that was overthrown in the Middle East. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com Or Twitter/X: https://x.com/newhistoryspain YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:32 The Epic of Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya 06:07 The Foundation of the Emirate of Córdoba 12:41 Al-Andalus, a Rebellious Land 26:09 Foreign Policy of Abd al-Rahman I 30:45 Domestic Policy of Abd al-Rahman I 34:28 The Umayyad Family in Al-Andalus 37:41 The Construction of the Great Mosque of Córdoba 43:53 The Verdict: Abd al-Rahman I’s Political Genius 45:44 Outro

In episode 26 I explain how and why the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus fell, how that affected al-Andalus, and the establishment of the little-known Fihrid Emirate that preceded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:23 Why Did the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus Fall? 06:23 The Outbreak of the Third Fitna 10:08 The Abbasid Revolution 17:37 The Qays-Yaman Civil War in al-Andalus 23:07 The Fihrid Emirate 26:51 The Verdict: The Fihrid Alternative 28:17 Outro

In episode 25 of the chronological series we’ll separate fact from fiction and uncover the real story behind the origins of the Kingdom of Asturias under the magnate Pelagius, who revolted against Muslim Umayyad rule in the Battle of Covadonga. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:29 Asturias and Cantabria in the Year 700 05:59 The Revolt of Pelagius 13:48 The Battle of Covadonga. Myth and Reality 21:51 Pelagius, the Sovereign of Asturias 27:54 The Verdict: Drawing comparisons between Pelagius’ revolt and the American War of Independence 28:59 Outro

Many people still believe that the Reconquista was an 800-year war to reconquer Spain from the Muslims, but that view is wrong and outdated. In episode 24 I explain what the Reconquista is and how the discourses of reconquests have evolved over time and across different regions of the Iberian Peninsula. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:34 What is the Reconquista? 10:02 The Loss and Restoration of Spania in the 8th and 9th Centuries 15:25 The Reconquista in the 19th and 20th Centuries 21:24 The Other Reconquistas 29:22 The Islamic Response: The Reconquest of the Reconquista 32:06 The Verdict: The Reconquista—A Necessary Myth? 34:08 Outro

In episode 23 you will learn about the political history of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus and al-Andalus between 720 and 742, covering events like the Battle of Tours, the beginning of the Umayyad Caliphate’s crisis with the Great Berber Revolt, and details about how many Arabs and Berbers settled in the Iberian Peninsula. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:28 Important concepts of al-Andalus 05:47 The Governorate of al-Andalus in the 720s 08:31 Al-Gafiqi and the Battle of Tours 13:43 The Umayyad Caliphate of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 18:36 The Great Berber Revolt and the Arrival of the Syrians 24:15 The Arab and Berber Colonization of al-Andalus 28:22 The Verdict: Muslim Spain 30:13 Outro

How did the Visigothic Kingdom collapse after one decisive battle? Were the Muslims actually planning to conquer the Iberian Peninsula in 711? What do we truly know about the Muslim conquest, and how has it been interpreted? In episode 22 we take an in-depth look at how the Arab and Berber conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania happened. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:27 Interpretations of the Muslim Conquest 06:42 Sources for Studying the Muslim Conquest 09:04 Context to the Islamic Conquest 14:42 Count Julian and the Surrender of Ceuta 18:43 The Prelude: The Raid of Tarif ibn Malik 20:53 Roderic and Tariq ibn Ziyad: The Battle of Guadalete 29:57 The Fall of Toledo and the Collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom 35:05 The Arrival of the Arabs under Musa ibn Nusayr 40:23 The Pact of Tudmir 43:57 The Muslim Conquest of the North 48:06 The Conquerors Are Held Accountable 50:45 Abd al-Aziz and the Challenges of Rule 53:07 The Governor al-Hurr and the Establishment of Córdoba as the Capital 56:32 Septimania, the Last Visigothic Stronghold 01:00:14 The Verdict: Were the Goths Traitors? 01:02:21 Outro

How did a group of desert tribes, divided for centuries, manage to build one of the largest empires in history in just a few decades? What were the origins of Islam? And what made the Arab conquests so transformative? In episode 21, I give an overview of the first century of Islamic history, leading up to the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:30 The Beginning of the Middle Ages 04:19 Pre-Islamic Arabia 11:01 Muhammad, the Last Prophet 13:53 What is Islam? 18:12 The Hijrah and the Constitution of Medina 21:32 Toward the Unification of the Arabs 25:03 The Rashidun Caliphate and the Great Arab Conquests 34:16 The First Fitna in Islam 37:45 The Establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus 42:33 The Arab Conquest of the Maghreb 46:01 The Verdict: Barbarian Conquerors vs. Arabs 47:48 Outro

In episode 20 I cover the reigns of the last Visigothic kings leading up to Roderic, from Wamba to Witiza, and we explore whether the fall of the Visigothic Kingdom was truly a foretold demise. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:26 Visigothic Decline? 04:44 The Election of Wamba 06:00 The Rebellion of Paulus 11:31 The Reign of Wamba 14:39 The Reign of Erwig 16:48 The Extreme Anti-Judaism of Erwig and Egica 22:14 The Turbulent Reign of Egica 26:15 Witiza: A Good or Bad King? 30:25 The Verdict: Historical Determinism 31:59 Outro

In episode 19 we dive into the reigns of Chindasuinth and Recceswinth, exploring ruthless purges, new laws, and the delicate balance of power between aristocratic factions in the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:35 Chindasuinth’s Coup d’État 02:42 The Authoritarian Reign of Chindasuinth 09:12 The Liber Iudiciorum of Chindasuinth and Recceswinth 12:57 The Reign of Recceswinth 17:17 The Visigothic Military 24:05 The Verdict: The MoNo Model of Strong and Weak Kings 25:56 Outro

In episode 18 we’ll uncover the brutal power struggles of the Visigothic Kingdom during this turbulent era between 612 and 639. We’ll also explore how the Catholic monarchy justified its rule and how Visigothic Spania became an unexpected cultural beacon during a time of widespread decline in Europe. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:32 Sisebut, the Cultivated King 03:15 Sisebut’s Military Campaigns and Anti-Jewish Policies 07:42 Suintila: The Unifier of Spania? 11:47 Opposition to Suintila 13:56 Sisenand and the Fourth Council of Toledo 16:36 Isidore of Seville’s Political Philosophy 19:06 Chintila: A King Without Support 21:31 The Culture of Visigothic Spania 25:02 The Verdict: Magnates Competing for the Gothic Throne 26:37 Outro

In episode 17 I explain the reign of Reccared and the Visigoths' conversion to Catholicism in the Third Council of Toledo, as well as the reigns of Liuva II, Witteric and Gundemar. Moreover, I discuss the Church, administration and taxation of the Visigothic period. SUPPORT NEW HISTORY OF SPAIN: Patreon: https://patreon.com/newhistoryspain  Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/newhistoryspain  PayPal: https://paypal.me/lahistoriaespana  Bitcoin donation: bc1q64qs58s5c5kp5amhw5hn7vp9fvtekeq96sf4au Ethereum donation: 0xE3C423625953eCDAA8e57D34f5Ce027dd1902374 Join the DISCORD: https://discord.gg/jUvtdRKxUC  Follow the show for updates on Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/newhistoryspain.com  Or Twitter/X:  https://x.com/newhistoryspain  YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@newhistoryspain  Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/new-history-of-spain/id1749528700  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7hstfgSYFfFPXhjps08IYi  Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana  TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Hook 00:19 The Religious Conflict in Visigothic Iberia 03:25 The Conversion of Reccared 06:48 The Opposition Against Reccared 10:28 The Third Council of Toledo and the Visigoths’ Conversion 16:49 The Reign of Reccared 20:02 Witteric and Gundemar 24:00 The Church in the Visigothic Period 28:14 Visigothic Taxation and Administration 33:19 The Verdict: Caesaropapism or Theocracy? 34:58 Outro