Psychofarm Podcast

Antipsychotic medications are not interchangeable, and the tradeoffs between efficacy, metabolic burden, movement side effects, sedation, and adherence can be huge. In this episode, we build an antipsychotic tier list and rank medications including clozapine, olanzapine, haloperidol, risperidone, lurasidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and more. Along the way, we connect receptor pharmacology to practical clinical pearls, including food requirements, smoking effects, prolactin, akathisia, EPS, weight gain, long-acting injectables, and clozapine monitoring. We also discuss how medication choice shifts across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, bipolar depression, and mood symptoms. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit psychofarm.substack.com

PTSD diagnosis is more complicated than identifying a trauma history. In this episode, we break down what qualifies as Criterion A trauma, the major PTSD symptom clusters, and how intrusion, avoidance, negative beliefs, hyperarousal, and dissociation can show up in practice. We also discuss acute stress disorder, fragmented traumatic memory, and why PTSD can be mistaken for depression, anxiety, mania, concentration problems, or psychosis. Along the way, we focus on careful trauma assessment: establishing a timeline, considering alternative diagnoses, monitoring the patient’s level of distress, and gathering what you need without turning a diagnostic interview into trauma therapy. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit psychofarm.substack.com

What should patients know when they are diagnosed with depression? In this episode, psychiatrists Dr. Malzberg and Dr. Fu cover what they wish every patient knew from the start. They explain why a depression diagnosis is a useful shorthand rather than a fixed identity, how biological, psychological, and social factors feed into each other, and how medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes work together. You will hear practical first steps like behavioral activation, a steady wake time, morning sunlight, and cutting back on alcohol and cannabis, plus what to do if treatment stalls and how to decide who to tell. It is an hour of clear psychoeducation for patients and a resource clinicians can share. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit psychofarm.substack.com

Autism diagnosis is more complicated than recognizing a handful of autistic traits. In this episode, Dr. Fu and Dr. Malzberg unpack the DSM-5-TR criteria for autism spectrum disorder, including social communication differences, restricted and repetitive behaviors, developmental onset, impairment, and Levels 1–3. They then tackle one of the hardest parts of adult autism assessment: differential diagnosis, including overlap with ADHD, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. The conversation also explores theory of mind, masking, the double empathy problem, weak central coherence, and the empathizing-systemizing framework. The goal is a more clinically useful way to think about what distinguishes autistic traits from autism spectrum disorder and why developmental history matters. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit psychofarm.substack.com

Diagnosing bipolar disorder is rarely as simple as finding a clear episode of hypomania. Dr. Phelps explains why bipolarity is better understood across a mood spectrum and walks through the clues that can help distinguish bipolar depression from unipolar depression: age of onset, family history, course of illness, treatment response, cyclicity, and collateral history. We also dig into mixed states, the “four A’s” of anxiety, anger, agitation, and attention problems, antidepressant activation, the HCL-32, and the Bipolarity Index. The larger theme is diagnostic humility: uncertainty is often appropriate, and treatment decisions should reflect both the strength of the evidence and the risks of getting the diagnosis wrong. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit psychofarm.substack.com