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Learn more about human factors in aviation
11 Episodes
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This focuses on decision-making processes, particularly within the context of aviation. It categorizes decisions along a continuum, ranging from effortful analytical decisions to quick, intuitive ones and those using unconscious shortcuts. The document elaborates on the characteristics, applications, and challenges of analytical decision-making, including the use and limitations of decision aids and the importance of reviewing decisions. It then explores quicker decision mechanisms like biase...
The text discusses vigilance and monitoring in aviation, particularly in relation to pilots and automated systems. It defines vigilance as sustained attention to detect irregularities and explains the concept of vigilance decrement, where performance declines over time due to cognitive load—not boredom or fatigue alone. Monitoring is described as the practical act of gathering information to maintain situational awareness. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, they are recognized...
This document describes information processing in the brain, from sensation and perception to conscious and unconscious processing, reaction, and feedback. It also discusses perception in more detail, including how we perceive the world and the potential illusions that may arise, especially in relation to flying. Finally, the text addresses attention and its limitations, as well as how attention, perception, and information processing relate to pilot competencies and flight safety, incl...
The text examines the importance of structured decision-making processes in aviation, with a particular focus on the FOR-DEC model, which was developed by Lufthansa and the German Aerospace Center. The article highlights how inconsistent decision-making has been a contributing factor in aviation accidents, and how models like FOR-DEC help crews make better choices in complex situations where no predetermined procedures exist. Through a small survey among pilots and a workshop with exper...
CAP 737 Chapter 16 focuses on the critical role of effective communication in flight deck operations, highlighting its link to workload distribution and error reduction. The chapter emphasizes that quality and timing surpass the quantity of communication, detailing how messages can fail at various stages. It explores the challenges posed by language differences and stresses the importance of clear, standardized phraseology. Furthermore, the text examines the significance of sharing informatio...
This document introduces Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Threat and Error Management (TEM) in aviation, tracing the evolution of CRM from early, sometimes poorly received psychological or management-focused training to a broader scope incorporating concepts like situation awareness. The introduction of TEM in the 1990s provided a framework for proactively identifying and mitigating threats and managing errors, drawing on accident theory. It emphasizes that threats and errors are inevitable...
CAP 737 Chapter 6 focuses on workload in aviation, defining it as the mental effort required to process information and highlighting its complexity and links to other cognitive functions. The chapter explores factors that directly influence workload, such as task difficulty, multitasking, serial tasks, and time constraints, as well as indirect factors like fatigue. It examines the effects of high workload, including attentional narrowing, task shedding, reduced situation awareness, and increa...
This paper distinguishes between two approaches to systems thinking in accident investigations: Systems Thinking 1.0 and Systems Thinking 2.0. The first approach, 1.0, focuses on identifying broken components, even those distantly related to the event, while the second, 2.0, considers the emergent properties and complex relationships within a system. Using the Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crash as a case study, the paper contrasts these perspectives. It argues that Systems Thinking 2.0, informe...
This July 1995 issue of Flight Safety Digest from the Flight Safety Foundation focuses on pilot-air traffic control (ATC) communication errors, analyzing various linguistic and non-linguistic factors contributing to miscommunication. The article examines specific incidents highlighting ambiguity, homophony, and code-switching, proposing solutions like improved training and technological interfaces to enhance clarity. Accompanying statistical data from Boeing shows flight crew error as a major...
Problem solving and decision making
Ginnet 2010
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