WhiteBoard Medicine - Emergency And Critical Care

Septic shock is one of the most common and deadly emergencies encountered in critical care, yet early missteps in diagnosis and management can dramatically worsen outcomes. In this episode, we walk through septic shock step by step, focusing on how to recognize it, how to manage it effectively, and the most common mistakes clinicians make along the way. We start by reviewing the physiology of septic shock and how it differs from uncomplicated sepsis, then move into practical bedside diagnosis and perfusion assessment. From there, we discuss fluid resuscitation, vasopressor selection and timing, source control, and reassessment, highlighting where well-intentioned treatments often fail. This episode is designed as a practical, physiology-based guide for emergency medicine and critical care clinicians who want a structured framework for managing septic shock and avoiding common pitfalls that impact patient outcomes.   📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Link to YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4duvp0evQ-8  Podcast Disclaimer This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information discussed reflects general medical concepts and may not apply to individual patients or clinical situations. Clinical decisions should always be made in the context of a licensed healthcare professional’s judgment, institutional protocols, and current clinical guidelines. The views expressed are those of the hosts and do not necessarily represent the views of any affiliated institutions.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is one of the most complex and powerful tools in critical care—but also one of the most misunderstood. In this episode, we break down ECMO step by step, focusing on VA-ECMO, VV-ECMO, how they work, and when to use each configuration. We start with the fundamentals of ECMO physiology and circuit components, then walk through veno-arterial (VA) ECMO for cardiac failure and veno-venous (VV) ECMO for severe respiratory failure. Along the way, we highlight key indications, hemodynamic effects, common pitfalls, and complications clinicians need to recognize at the bedside. This episode is designed as a practical, physiology-based guide for emergency medicine and critical care clinicians who want a clear mental model for ECMO decision-making—whether you’re encountering it for the first time or looking to solidify your understanding.   📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Link to YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpZKcvJiuvc Podcast Disclaimer This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The information discussed reflects general medical concepts and may not apply to individual patients or clinical situations. Clinical decisions should always be made in the context of a licensed healthcare professional’s judgment, institutional protocols, and current clinical guidelines. The views expressed are those of the hosts and do not necessarily represent the views of any affiliated institutions.  

Septic shock management is complex, and many poor outcomes stem from preventable management errors rather than delayed recognition. In this episode, we break down the most common mistakes clinicians make when managing septic shock, using a physiology-driven framework relevant to both the emergency department and ICU. We discuss pitfalls related to fluid resuscitation, delayed or inappropriate vasopressor use, treating mean arterial pressure instead of tissue perfusion, missed right ventricular failure, and delays in source control. Throughout the episode, we emphasize reassessment and escalation strategies that help avoid persistent hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction. This episode is designed for emergency medicine physicians, intensivists, residents, and trainees looking for a practical, bedside-focused approach to septic shock management beyond rigid protocols. Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LktPBGHtn10 📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is rare, but when it occurs, it carries significant morbidity and mortality. In this episode, we walk through a practical, clinician-focused approach to recognizing and managing MALA in the emergency department and ICU. We review the pathophysiology behind metformin-related lactic acidosis, common risk factors and precipitating conditions, and the clinical features that should raise concern for MALA. We also discuss the diagnostic approach, key laboratory findings, and management strategies, including supportive care and considerations for dialysis. This episode is designed for emergency medicine and critical care clinicians, residents, and trainees who want a clear mental model for evaluating unexplained lactic acidosis in patients taking metformin. Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jmgU9u9Ba8 📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine  Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Shock management is where small clinical decisions can have outsized consequences. In this episode, we break down four common mistakes clinicians make when managing patients in shock, with a focus on physiology-driven decision making rather than protocol-only care. We discuss the consequences of ignoring right ventricular failure, delaying vasopressors, treating mean arterial pressure instead of tissue perfusion, and over-resuscitating patients with intravenous fluids. Each mistake is explored through the lens of bedside assessment and hemodynamic reasoning, highlighting how these errors can perpetuate hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction. This episode is designed for emergency medicine physicians, intensivists, residents, and trainees looking for a practical, high-yield framework to approach undifferentiated shock in the emergency department and ICU. Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxW-DlMxeeU 📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) is primarily a respiratory support modality, but its physiology is often oversimplified. In this episode, we walk through VV-ECMO from a practical, clinician-focused perspective. We discuss what VV-ECMO is, how the circuit is configured, key anatomic considerations for cannulation, and the core components of the system. We also review common VV-ECMO settings and how changes in flow, sweep gas, and oxygen fraction impact oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance. This episode is intended for emergency medicine and critical care clinicians, residents, and medical students who want a clear mental model of VV-ECMO and how it supports patients with severe respiratory failure. Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN9lj5OVobk  📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. This is a fast, high-yield overview designed for emergency medicine, critical care, ICU clinicians, residents, and medical students.   Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

VA-ECMO explained in under 10 minutes. We cover what VA-ECMO is, vascular anatomy and cannulation, core circuit components, and key ECMO settings used in emergency and critical care medicine. In this episode, we break down: What veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) is and when it’s used Anatomy & cannulation strategy (venous drainage, arterial return) Core VA-ECMO components (cannulae, pump, oxygenator) Common VA-ECMO settings: RPM, flow, sweep gas, and FiO₂ How ECMO supports cardiac output and systemic perfusion Link to YouTube Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QtYW6cq1uo  📚 Download the PDF study guide for this video: 👉 https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Patreon members get access to mini-courses, study guides, practice questions, ad-free videos, and in-depth educational discussions designed for emergency and critical care clinicians. Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Assessing tissue perfusion is central to managing shock and critical illness. In this comprehensive episode, we review lactate, capillary refill time (CRT), and then directly compare the two bedside perfusion markers, focusing on how to interpret them in emergency and critical care settings. We cover: • Lactate physiology and causes of elevation • Type A vs Type B lactic acidosis • Prognostic value of lactate in critical illness • Capillary refill time physiology and measurement • Normal vs abnormal CRT values • CRT in septic and non-septic shock • Strengths and limitations of lactate vs CRT • Evidence comparing lactate-guided and CRT-guided resuscitation • Practical ED and ICU decision-making Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x1yCM4Q5O8 📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS Consider joining our patreon community today! Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Pulse pressure is an often overlooked but powerful bedside vital sign that provides insight into stroke volume, vascular tone, and shock physiology. In this episode, we break down pulse pressure from first principles, focusing on how to interpret it in emergency and critical care settings. We cover: • What pulse pressure represents physiologically • Normal vs abnormal pulse pressure values • Narrow vs wide pulse pressure • Pulse pressure in different shock states • Pulse pressure and stroke volume • Common ED and ICU pitfalls when interpreting pulse pressure • Practical bedside examples Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn_8CW4m5ME 📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS Consider joining our patreon community today! Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Lactate and capillary refill time (CRT) are two of the most commonly used markers to assess tissue perfusion and shock—but they reflect very different physiology. In this episode, we directly compare lactic acid and capillary refill time, exploring what each represents, their strengths and limitations, and how to use them together at the bedside. We cover: • What lactate represents physiologically • What capillary refill time reflects about perfusion • CRT vs lactate in septic and non-septic shock • Advantages and limitations of each marker • Evidence comparing CRT-guided vs lactate-guided resuscitation • Practical ED and ICU decision-making Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyaoPzbp-k 📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS Consider joining our patreon community today! Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Stress-dose steroids are commonly discussed in emergency medicine but often misunderstood or inconsistently applied. In this episode, we review three high-yield clinical scenarios in the emergency department where stress-dose steroids may be considered, focusing on physiology, evidence, and practical bedside decision-making. We cover: • What stress-dose steroids are and why they are used • Septic shock and refractory hypotension • Severe pneumonia and ARDS • Dosing considerations and common pitfalls • When steroids may not be beneficial Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiEcszvn5JI 📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS Consider joining our patreon community today! Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Capillary refill time (CRT) is a simple bedside exam that provides powerful insight into tissue perfusion and shock physiology. In this comprehensive review, we break down everything folks need to know about CRT, including how to measure it correctly, how to interpret abnormal values, and how it compares to traditional markers of perfusion. We cover: • What capillary refill time represents physiologically • How to properly measure CRT at the bedside • Normal vs abnormal CRT values • CRT in septic, distributive, cardiogenic, and hypovolemic shock • Limitations and pitfalls of CRT • CRT compared to lactate and other perfusion markers • Evidence supporting CRT-guided resuscitation Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRQ_SMpqwsA  📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS Consider joining our patreon community today!   Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Lactate is one of the most commonly ordered labs in emergency medicine and critical care—yet it’s often misunderstood. In this comprehensive review, we break down everything clinicians need to know about lactate and lactic acidosis, from basic physiology to prognostic significance in critical illness. We cover: • What lactate is and how it’s produced • Aerobic vs anaerobic lactate generation • Type A vs Type B lactic acidosis • Lactate in sepsis, shock, and hypoperfusion • Non-hypoxic causes of elevated lactate • Lactate clearance and trends • Prognostic value of lactate in critical illness • Common misconceptions about lactic acidosis Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JdbyQgdxUY 📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS  Consider joining our patreon community today! Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Refractory hypoxemia that does not improve with supplemental oxygen should immediately raise concern for a right-to-left shunt. In this ED and ICU case review, we walk through a patient with acute pulmonary embolism causing severe hypoxemia due to intracardiac shunting, reviewing the underlying physiology, diagnostic approach, and management considerations. We break down: • Mechanisms of refractory hypoxemia • Pulmonary embolism physiology and RV failure • Right-to-left shunt (including PFO physiology) • Why oxygen and ventilation may fail • ED and ICU diagnostic pearls • Management considerations in critically ill patients   Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qey9aRZRGk0    📚 DOWNLOAD PDF FOR THIS VIDEO AT LINK BELOW https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine We also have MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Clinical decisions should be made by licensed healthcare professionals using their clinical judgment, institutional protocols, and current evidence. Whiteboard Medicine assumes no responsibility for clinical outcomes.

Mechanical ventilation saves lives — but small ventilator mistakes can cause major patient harm. In this episode, we break down 8 common ventilator mistakes that clinicians frequently make in the ICU and emergency department, and explain why they matter physiologically. We cover errors related to tidal volume, PEEP, oxygenation vs ventilation, respiratory rate, patient–ventilator dyssynchrony, hemodynamics, and more — all through a clinically practical, physiology-focused lens. 📌 Topics include: Lung-protective ventilation mistakes Over-oxygenation and oxygen toxicity Mismanagement of PEEP and compliance Ventilator settings that worsen hemodynamics Missed patient–ventilator dyssynchrony Common ICU and ED ventilator pitfalls Link to video version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PG3ofKVttbY 📚 DOWNLOAD MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is one of the most powerful — and misunderstood — tools in mechanical ventilation. In this episode, we break down how PEEP works, why it improves oxygenation, and when it can actually harm patients. We’ll walk through: • How PEEP recruits alveoli and improves oxygenation • The relationship between PEEP, lung compliance, and overdistension • How excessive PEEP affects venous return, cardiac output, and blood pressure • The concept of optimal PEEP and how to think about titration at the bedside • Common mistakes clinicians make when setting PEEP 📚 DOWNLOAD MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Link to this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYdB1ciFNgs DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Occult cardiogenic shock is one of the most commonly missed shock states in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care. These patients may appear “stable” — with near-normal blood pressure — yet have severe cardiac dysfunction, low cardiac output, and poor tissue perfusion. In this episode, we break down: 🔹 What occult cardiogenic shock actually is 🔹 Why blood pressure alone is misleading 🔹 The underlying physiology of low cardiac output shock 🔹 How to recognize occult cardiogenic shock at the bedside 🔹 The role of bedside ultrasound, lactate, ScvO₂, and clinical clues 🔹 Practical management principles in the ED and ICU 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES (for this video), PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Playlist on Shock: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5bMa9_tvRjunk4I-rQZYPZn3qHqWFqW&si=kserFPPm7RYuhul- DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Shock is a life-threatening condition encountered daily in Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, and the ICU — yet it’s often taught in fragmented algorithms rather than unified physiology. In this episode, we break down all major shock states in a clear, structured way: 🔹 Hypovolemic shock 🔹 Cardiogenic shock 🔹 Obstructive shock 🔹 Distributive shock (septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES (for this video), PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Playlist on Shock: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5bMa9_tvRjunk4I-rQZYPZn3qHqWFqW&si=kserFPPm7RYuhul- DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

This episode is a comprehensive, high-yield guide to ICU basics, designed for medical students, nurses, APCs, interns, residents, emergency medicine physicians, intensivists, and critical care trainees. We walk step-by-step through the core foundations of ICU care, focusing on physiology-driven decision-making and practical bedside management. Topics include mechanical ventilation, shock, vasopressors and inotropes, and renal replacement therapy—all explained in a clear, clinically relevant framework. This episode is intended as a big-picture ICU overview and pairs well with deeper dives on each topic. Whether you’re starting ICU rotations or refining your critical care fundamentals, this guide will help build a strong mental model of ICU physiology and management. 📚 DOWNLOAD MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.

Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by a critical reduction in intravascular volume, leading to decreased preload, reduced cardiac output, and impaired tissue perfusion. One of the most severe and common forms is hemorrhagic shock. In this episode, we begin with a high-yield overview of hypovolemic shock, reviewing core physiology, compensatory mechanisms, hemodynamic patterns, and bedside differentiation from other shock states. We then transition into a deep dive on hemorrhagic shock, including causes such as trauma and gastrointestinal bleeding, classic clinical presentation, laboratory and point-of-care findings, and the pathophysiologic cascade leading to the lethal triad of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy. Management strategies are discussed in detail, including early hemorrhage control, massive transfusion protocols, balanced blood product resuscitation, permissive hypotension, tranexamic acid, calcium replacement, and key ATLS principles. Landmark trials including CRASH-2 and PROPPR are incorporated to support evidence-based care. 📚 MINI COURSES, STUDY GUIDES (for this video), PRACTICE QUESTIONS, AD FREE VIDEOS, EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS in our WBM Emergency Critical Care Patreon Community - Join Today!! https://www.patreon.com/c/WhiteBoardMedicine Playlist on Shock: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLf5bMa9_tvRjunk4I-rQZYPZn3qHqWFqW&si=kserFPPm7RYuhul- DISCLAIMER THIS PODCAST DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, audio, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.