A Podful of Pediatrics

 The Long History of mRNA Vaccines | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public HealthAAP analyzes pediatric COVID-19 hospitalizations from 2020-'24. AAP News. July 1, 2024 https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/29182?utm_source=MagnetMail&utm_medium=email&utm_term=PA%5FOnCall&utm_campaign=OnCall%2DWednesday%2C%20July%2024%2C%202024 (Accessed on July 24, 2024). Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Taylor CA, et al. Comparison of Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children Younger Than 18 Years Old in the United States: FluSurv-NET (October-April 2017-2021) and COVID-NET (October 2020-September 2021). Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e450.Marks KJ, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. Hospitalizations of Children and Adolescents with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:271.Shi DS, Whitaker M, Marks KJ, et al. Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5-11 Years with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 2020-February 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:574.Hamid S, Woodworth K, Pham H, et al. COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Infants Aged <6 Months - COVID-NET, 13 States, June 2021-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1442.Boehmer TK, Kompaniyets L, Lavery AM, et al. Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data - United States, March 2020-January 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1228.Goddard K, Hanson KE, Lewis N, et al. Incidence of Myocarditis/Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Among Children and Younger Adults in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:1169.Panagiotakopoulos L.Use of 2025–2026 COVID-19 Vaccines: Work Group Considerations. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. April 15, 2025 https://www.cdc.gov/acip/downloads/slides-2025-04-15-16/05-Panagiotakopoulos-COVID-508.pdf (Accessed on April 24, 2025). Yousaf AR, Lindsey KN, Wu MJ, et al. Notes from the Field: Surveillance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024; 73:225.Choi NH, Fremed M, Starc T, et al. MIS-C and Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities. Pediatrics 2020; 146.Thompson MG, Stenehjem E, Grannis S, et al. Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines in Ambulatory and Inpatient Care Settings. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1355.https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/mrna-and-dna?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=emailhttps://deplatformdisease.substack.com/p/is-there-dna-contamination-of-mrna?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=emailhttps://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/p/dna-in-covid-19-vaccines-7-pieces?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=281219&post_id=140375569&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=false&r=qs8iw&triedRedirect=truehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33797550/Reliable and Accurate Resources for Health Information.  American Academy of PediatricsAmerican College of Obstetricians and GynecologistsBiobots Risk Reports (wastewater) Healthy Children (AAP resource for parents) CHOP vaccine education centerCenter for infectious disease research and policyWorld Health OrganizationWastewater Scan (wastewater) Population Health Information and Visualization Exchange (PopHive- data for multiple health conditions, presented through Yale) Voices for Vaccines (resources) Brown’s pandemic center (infectious disease updates) Katelyn Jetelina : Your local epidemiologist@substack.comEvicollective.org   Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

. Percent of U.S. teens (ages 12–17) who had at least one major depressive  episode in the past year, by self-report based on a symptom checklist. This was figure 7.1 in The Coddling of the American Mind, now updated with data beyond 2016. (Source: U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health.) Suicide Rate Statistics in the U.S. 2025 | Suicide Deaths – The Global StatisticsAnxiety and Depression Association of America: www.adaa.orgInternational OCD Foundation: www.ocfoundation.orgAssociation for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies: www.acbt.orgAmerican Psychological Association :www.apa.org Anxious Kids Anxious Parents, Wilson, Reid phd and Lyons, Lynn LICSW 2013 Helping your Anxious Child, by Ronald Rapee PHd Anxiety Relief for Kids by Bridget Flynn Walker, Phd The Coping Cat Workbook. The management of anxiety and depression in Pediatrics https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9650927/What to do when I worry too much by Dawn Huebler Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Straus SE, Ostrove JM, Inchauspé G, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infections. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:221.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2839263/Häusler M, Schaade L, Kemény S, et al. Encephalitis related to primary VZV infection in immunocompetent children.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15043960/Klassen TP, Hartling L, Wiebe N, Belseck EM. Acyclovir for treating varicella in otherwise healthy children. Cochrane Review 2005.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002980.pub3/fullDits H, Frans E, Wilmer A, et al. VZV infection with acute liver failure. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:209.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9675464/WHO. Systematic Review on Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness (2014).https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/april/en/Marin M, Marti M, Kambhampati A, et al. Global Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2016.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908568/Lopez AS, Guris D, Zimmerman L, et al. One dose of varicella vaccine does not prevent school outbreaks. Pediatrics 2006.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651298/American Academy of Pediatrics — Red Book (Varicella section).https://publications.aap.org/redbookTakahashi M, Otsuka T, Okuno Y, et al. Live vaccine used to prevent spread of varicella in hospitals. Lancet 1974.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4139527/Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, et al. Incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before vaccine. Mayo Clin Proc 2007.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908529/Incidence of Herpes Zoster Among Children 2003–14. Pediatrics 2019.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31019133/25 Years of Varicella Vaccination in the US. J Infect Dis 2022.https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/226/Supplement_4/S375/6765176CDC Vaccine Safety PDF (ACIP).https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-acip-color-office.pdfNesse RM, Williams GC. Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine (2012).https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/118907/why-we-get-sick-by-randolph-m-nesse-and-george-c-williams/Bester JC. Measles and Measles Vaccination. JAMA Pediatrics 2016.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27410958/Institute of Medicine. Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality (2012).https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13164/adverse-effects-of-vaccines-evidence-and-causalityHotez PJ, Marsh B. You Are Unvaccinated and Got Sick. These Are Your Odds.https://www.nytimes.com/2020/ Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Episode Notes / ResourcesWait Until 8th: https://www.waituntil8th.org/American Academy of Pediatrics Social Media Guidelines: https://www.aap.org/socialmediaBoston Children’s Guided Self-Management Tools for Anxiety: https://www.childrenshospital.orgCommon Sense Media: https://www.commonsensemedia.org/No. Why Kids of All Ages Need to Hear It and Ways Parents Can Say It — David Walsh (2006): https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/No-Kids-of-All-Ages-Need-to-Hear-It-and-Ways-Parents-Can-Say-It/David-Walsh/9780743271507Love and Logic Magic for Early Childhood — Jim Fay & Charles Fay: https://www.loveandlogic.com/collections/books/products/love-and-logic-magic-for-early-childhoodThe Everyday Parenting Toolkit — Alan E. Kazdin: https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/alan-e-kazdin/the-everyday-parenting-toolkit/9780547829329/How to Talk So Kids Will Listen and Listen So Kids Will Talk — Adele Faber & Elaine Mazlich: https://www.facebook.com/howtotalkbooks/Positive Parenting: Strategies to Help Children and Teens Thrive — AAP: https://shop.aap.org/positive-parenting-paperback/Why Kids Lie — Child Mind Institute: https://childmind.org/article/why-kids-lie/Lying and Child Development Study (2008): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431103/Theory of Mind, Executive Function, and Lying Meta-Analysis (2021): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33544950/Prosocial Lying in Children Study (2021): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105045 Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis/abs... https://gis.cdc.gov/GRASP/Fluview/FluHospRates.html https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-prevention-with-vaccines/abstract/2... https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-prevention-with-vaccines/abstract/2... https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis/abs... https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-children-prevention-with-vaccines/abstract/9... Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Tantrums, sleepless nights, and boundary battles—parenting young kids isn’t easy! In this episode of A Podful of Pediatrics, Joanne and Corinda share practical tips for handling behavior, setting limits, and raising happy, healthy kids. Whether you’re a new parent or looking for fresh strategies, this episode is packed with advice you can start using today. Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1 Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/ Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/ Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-meningococcal-infection/abstract/1https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-meningococcal-infection/abstract/7Dull PM, McIntosh ED. Meningococcal vaccine development--from glycoconjugates against MenACWY to proteins against MenB--potential for broad protection against meningococcal disease. Vaccine. 2012 May 30;30 Suppl 2:B18-25.https://nmaus.org/nma-disease-prevention-information/serogroup-b-meningococcal-disease/outbreaks-on-u-s-college-campuses/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital HPV Infection – Fact Sheet. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htmhttps://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-infections-epidemiology-and-disease-associations/abstract/106https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-papillomavirus-infections-epidemiology-and-disease-associations/abstract/107https://www.uth.edu/news/story/blog-the-story-behind-the-hpv-vaccinehttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.805695/fullhttps://vaccinateyourfamily.org/are-doctors-vaccine-recommendations-motivated-by-profits/#:~:text=For%20those%20of,vaccinated%2C%20isn%E2%80%99t%20it?https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/fact-checking-rfk-jr-s-claim-that-pediatricians-recommend-vaccines-for-moneywww.boostoregon.orghttps://www.aap.org/en/about-the-aap/financial-information/   Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/78https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/23https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/70https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/81https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/84https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12074962/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cervix.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccination-impact/index.html#cdc_generic_section_2-hpv-vaccination-prevents-cancer-causing-infections-precancershttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/afp-community-blog/entry/cervical-specimen-self-collection-is-finally-here.htmlWillis RB. Sports medicine in the growing child. In: Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics, 6th ed, Morrissey RT, Weinstein SL (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.1384. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/heel-pain-in-the-active-child-or-skeletally-immature-adolescent-overview-of-causes/abstract/13https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/34https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7533104/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/emergency-contraception?search=plan%20B&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H3110138011&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~124&display_rank=1#H2303568373https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delayed-puberty-approach-to-evaluation-and-management?csi=897c0f36-0b5d-4304-85fc-912fcb9966db&source=contentSharehttps://www.uptodate.com/contents/precocious-puberty-diagnosis-and-evaluation?csi=69b77ce9-420f-4cc6-9255-400d9c44a2ba&source=contentSharehttps://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty?csi=26fd63a1-f006-4c54-9120-41b1555e2991&source=contentShare  Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/78https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/23https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/70https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/81https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty/abstract/84https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12074962/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cervix.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/hpv/vaccination-impact/index.html#cdc_generic_section_2-hpv-vaccination-prevents-cancer-causing-infections-precancershttps://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/afp-community-blog/entry/cervical-specimen-self-collection-is-finally-here.htmlWillis RB. Sports medicine in the growing child. In: Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics, 6th ed, Morrissey RT, Weinstein SL (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.1384. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/heel-pain-in-the-active-child-or-skeletally-immature-adolescent-overview-of-causes/abstract/13https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/34https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://www.uptodate.com/contents/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-management-and-prognosis/abstract/26https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7533104/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/emergency-contraception?search=plan%20B&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H3110138011&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~124&display_rank=1#H2303568373https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delayed-puberty-approach-to-evaluation-and-management?csi=897c0f36-0b5d-4304-85fc-912fcb9966db&source=contentSharehttps://www.uptodate.com/contents/precocious-puberty-diagnosis-and-evaluation?csi=69b77ce9-420f-4cc6-9255-400d9c44a2ba&source=contentSharehttps://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-puberty?csi=26fd63a1-f006-4c54-9120-41b1555e2991&source=contentShare Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

1. Shi T, McAllister DA, O'Brien KL, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet 2017; 390:946.2. Patton ME, Moline HL, Whitaker M, et al. Interim Evaluation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Rates Among Infants and Young Children After Introduction of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention Products - United States, October 2024-February 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2025; 74:273.3. Jones JM, Fleming-Dutra KE, Prill MM, et al. Use of Nirsevimab for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Among Infants and Young Children: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:920.4. Muller WJ, Madhi SA, Seoane Nuñez B, et al. Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Term and Late-Preterm Infants. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1533.5. Walsh G, Walsh E. Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2022. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1722.6. Simpson S, Burls A. A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab (Synagis) in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants at high risk of infection. 2001  Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

1. Irwin RS. Introduction to the diagnosis and management of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006; 129:25S.2.Gunn VL, Taha SH, Liebelt EL, Serwint JR. Toxicity of over-the-counter cough and cold medications. Pediatrics 2001; 108:E52. 3.Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, et al. 2014 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 32nd Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:962. 4. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-management-and-prevention?search=cough%20in%20children&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 5. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/over-the-counter-cough-and-cold-preparations-approach-to-pediatric-poisoning?search=cough%20in%20children&topicRef=16629&source=see_link Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Weiser JN, Ferreira DM, Paton JC. Streptococcus pneumoniae: transmission, colonization and invasion. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:355.Perin J, Mulick A, Yeung D, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2022; 6:106.World Health Organization. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper – February 2019. https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/pneumococcus/en/ (Accessed on September 08, 2020). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance and Trends. https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/php/surveillance Baxter R, Aukes L, Pelton SI, et al. Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After Introduction Into Routine Pediatric Use. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:141.Tseng HF, Sy LS, Liu IL, et al. Postlicensure surveillance for pre-specified adverse events following the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Vaccine 2013; 31:2578.Orenstein W, Offit PA, Edwards KM and Plotkin SA. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal common protein vaccines, in Vaccines, 8th Edition, 2024, 826-868. The complexity of serotype replacement of pneumococci Human Vaccine Immunotherapy. 2019 Jun 13;15(11):2725–2728 https://www.nvic.org/disease-vaccine/pneumococcal/vaccine-historyhttps://www.bradspellberg.com/vaccine-rcts?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/poop-chart-bristol-stool-scalePashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 for the Treatment of Chronic Constipation in Children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(7):661–664. doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.7.661 Annuals of Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Apr;38(4):686-93. Loening-Baucke V, Pashankar DS. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes and milk of magnesia for children with constipation and fecal incontinence. Pediatrics. 2006 Aug;118(2):528-35.  Pashankar DS, Loening-Baucke V, Bishop WP. Safety of polyethylene glycol 3350 for the treatment of chronic constipation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Jul;157(7):661-4.  Koppen IJ, Lammers LA, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Management of Functional Constipation in Children: Therapy in Practice. Paediatr Drugs. 2015 Oct;17(5):349-60.  Gordon M, Naidoo K, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG. Cochrane Review: Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (Review). Evid Based Child Health. 2013 Jan;8(1):57-109.  Kappelman MD, Moore KR, Allen JK, Cook SF. Recent trends in the prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a commercially insured US population. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:519.Schmulson MJ, Drossman DA. What Is New in Rome IV. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:151.Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional Disorders: Children and Adolescents. Gastroenterology 2016.Rexwinkel R, Vlieger AM, Saps M, et al. A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:2603.Martin AE, Newlove-Delgado TV, Abbott RA, et al. Pharmacological interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 3:CD010973.Newlove-Delgado TV, Martin AE, Abbott RA, et al. Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 3:CD010972.Stróżyk A, Horvath A, Szajewska H. FODMAP dietary restrictions in the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders: A systematic review. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14345.van Rheenen PF, Aloi M, Assa A, et al. The Medical Management of Paediatric Crohn's Disease: an ECCO-ESPGHAN Guideline Update. J Crohns Colitis 2020.Stenke E, Hussey S. Ulcerative colitis: management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166). Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2014; 99:194.17)https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/930146-overview#a418) https://www.paediatricpearls.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bristol-stool-chart.png Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-rotavirus-infection/abstr...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-rotavirus-infection/abstr...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rotavirus-vaccines-for-infants/abstract/100 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/rotavirus-vaccines-for-infants/abstract/132 https://www.healthline.com/health/rotavirus-death-rate https://www.healthline.com/health/rotavirus-death-ratehttps://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/what-vaers-is-and-isnt https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/vsd/index.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.htmlPatel MM, Haber P, Baggs J, Zuber P, Bines JE, Parashar UD. Intussusception and rotavirus vaccination: a review of the available evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines, 2009 : 8(11), 1555-1564. Gargano JW, Wallace M, Hadler SC, et al. Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Myocarditis Among Vaccine Recipients: Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:977–982. Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Episode notes:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/a...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-febrile-neonate-28-days-of-age-or-younger-outpatient-evaluatio...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-febrile-neonate-28-days-of-age-or-younger-outpatient-evaluatio...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-vitamin-k/abstract/21https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/154/2/e2024067605/198022/Identification-and-Manageme...https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-routine-management-of-the-healthy-newborn-infant/p...Newborn Screening: Towards a Uniform Screening Panel and System. Genetic Med. 2006; 8(5) Suppl: S12-S252  Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Xu J, Liu S, Liu Q, Rong R, Tang W, Wang Q, Kuang S, Zhou C. The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Apr;98(16):e15281  Shi, T., Wang, L., Du, S. et al. Mortality risk factors among hospitalized children with severe pertussis. BMC Infect Dis 21, 1057 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06732-1 Yeung KHT, Duclos P, Nelson EAS, Hutubessy RCW. An update of the global burden of pertussis in children younger than 5 years: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(9):974–80. https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/php/surveillance/index.html#:~:text=Recent%20trends,and%20implementing%20appropriate%20control%20strategies.  Truelove SA, Keegan LT, Moss WJ, Chaisson LH, Macher E, Azman AS, Lessler J. Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Diphtheria: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 24;71(1):89-97. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz808. PMID: 31425581; PMCID: PMC7312233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31425581/ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tetanus  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Whooping-Cough.aspx  https://www.aap.org/en/news-room/fact-checked/fact-checked-dtap-vaccine-stops-spread-of-whooping-cough/?_gl=1*1r6shhm*_ga*MTE1MjI5Nzk0OS4xNjMwODcwNzM1*_ga_FD9D3XZVQQ*czE3NDcwMDk5OTEkbzcwJGcxJHQxNzQ3MDExODk4JGowJGwwJGgw https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/5ChildhoodGuide_DTaP_Clinician.pdf  https://publications.aap.org/redbook/book/755/chapter/14080319/Pertussis-Whooping-Cough  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccine-Ingredients-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/selection-of-sunscreen-and-sun-protective-measures/abstract/19https://www.uptodate.com/contents/selection-of-sunscreen-and-sun-protective-measures/abstract/9 https://www.healthychildren.orghttps://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2001.117385 Rogers HW, Weinstock MA, Feldman SR, Coldiron BM. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population, 2012. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151(10):1081-1086. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2025/2025-cancer-facts-and-figures-acs.pdf Stern, RS. Prevalence of a history of skin cancer in 2007: results of an incidence-based model. Arch Dermatol 2010; 146(3):279-282.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/4https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/13 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-arthropod-and-insect-bites-repellents-and-other-measures/abstract/9https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergic-reactions-to-mosquito-bites/abstract/18 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-a-tick-bite-for-possible-lyme-disease/abstract/11 https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/removing_a_tick.html https://www.uptodate.com/contents/drowning-submersion-injuries/abstract/12 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poison-ivy-toxicodendron-dermatitis/abstract/2 Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

1) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline/polio2) https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/breaking-the-back-of-polio/3) Neurohospitalist 2014 Oct;4(4):223–229. doi: 10.1177/1941874414533352 polio  history and epidemology, Clinical manifestations of polio3) https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00781-8/abstract. Switch to OPV 2 strain vaccine4) https://ourworldindata.org/polio5) https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)32552-2/pdf Vaccine refusal rate in Pakistan 6) https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/Vaccination-Coverage-and-Exemptions-among-Kinderga/ijqb-a7ye/about_data7)https://www.verywellhealth.com/important-facts-about-polio-45885798) Small Steps –The Year I Got Polio by Peg Kehret Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Hours of sleep recommendations 1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707447/SIDS prevention articleshttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2824101 rates of SIDS before and after covid 19 pandemichttps://www.jwatch.org/pa201204250000001/2012/04/25/how-risk-factors-sids-have-changed-back-sleep Change in risk factors since Back to Sleep campaign was launchedCureus 2023 Jun 17;15(6):e40572. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40572. eCollection 2023 Jun. SIDS risk factors and newer strategies to decrease riskhttps://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/1/e2022057990/188304/Sleep-Related-Infant-Deaths-Updated-2022?autologincheck=redirectedSIDS prevention updated guidelines 2022 Circadian rhythm in kids1) J Sleep Res. 2015;24(5):510. Epub 2015 Feb 14.  sleep disturbance affects academic performance2) Child Adolesc Psychiatry Clin N Am. 2009 Oct;18(4):813-23.  sleep disturbances affects performance and mood3)Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):10235. Epub 2022 Jun 17.  increased discrepancy between weekday and weekend sleep causes more mood disruptions4) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27775095/- Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 24:6:35812.doi: 10.1038/srep35812. Estimate of sleep debt recovery5) Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8:602–12. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] OSAS:  https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/130/3/576/30284/Diagnosis-and-Management-of-Childhood-Obstructive?autologincheck=redirected Night wakinghttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.01.009. Normal for infants to wake at nighthttps://www.sleepfoundation.org/baby-sleep/sleep-training- discusses different methods to help with night waking  ParasomniasSingh, S., Kaur, H., Singh, S., & Khawaja, I. (2018). Parasomnias: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 10(12), e3807.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30868021/Morse, A. M., & Kotagal, S. (2023, October 13). Parasomnias of childhood, including sleepwalking. UpToDate.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/parasomnias-of-childhood-including-sleepwalking Dyssomnias1.American Psychiatric Association. What Are Sleep Disorders? Last updated 8/2020. Accessed 6/19/20232. Guilleminault C, Akhtar F. Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: New evidence on its development. Sleep Med Rev. 2015 Dec. 24:46-563. Thorpy MJ, Krieger AC. Delayed diagnosis of narcolepsy: characterization and impact. Sleep Med. 2014 May. 15 (5):502-74. Sleep Med. 2024;119:222. Epub 2024 Apr 20.  Melatonin use in managing insomnia in children with autism and other neurogenetic disorders - An assessment by the international pediatric sleep association (IPSA). Cultural differences in sleep Sleep Med. 2010 Apr;11(4):393-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.011. Parental behaviors and sleep outcomes in infants and toddlers: a cross-cultural comparison.Sleep training: Healthy Sleep Habits, Happy Child, 5th Edition: A New Step-by-Step Guide for a Good Night's Sleep Paperback – August 24, 2021 by  Marc Weissbluth M.D.  (Author)Sleeping Through the Night, Revised Edition - by Jodi A Mindell, PHD : all agesTake Charge of Your Child's Sleep: The All-in-One Resource for Solving Sleep Problems in Kids and Teens Paperback – October 10, 2005 by  Judith A. Owens, MD(Author), Jodi A. Mindell, PHD(Author) Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN 

Medical Data: How Contagious is Measles?History of MeaslesHistory of VaccinesMeasles MythsThe Spread of Measles Submit a topic request: https://forms.monday.com/forms/659b439e15af3c32cd423e42df124213?r=use1Visit our website: https://www.onecommunityhealth.org/Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/onecommunitygorge/Sign Up for Our Newsletter: https://lp.constantcontactpages.com/sl/H2LsqnN