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© Sumbul Beg, MD
Description
This podcast from EZ Endo Prep delivers concise, high yield endocrinology content to help you study smarter and practice with confidence. Each episode breaks down complex topics into manageable pieces, making it ideal for endocrinology fellows and practicing endocrinologists. Whether you're preparing for boards or staying sharp in clinic, Dr. Sumbul Beg, MD brings exam ready pearls and real world relevance straight to your ears.
38 Episodes
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This episode reviews the cardiovascular kidney metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework introduced by the American Heart Association, which describes the interconnected progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The discussion highlights CKM staging and emphasizes early cardiometabolic risk recognition and preventive therapy including statins, blood pressure control, glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and renin angiotensin system blockade to reduce cardiovascular and kidney complications.
This episode reviews the American Heart Association PREVENT™ cardiovascular risk calculator and its role in modern primary prevention. The discussion highlights the shift from the pooled cohorts equation to contemporary risk prediction models that incorporate kidney function, cardiometabolic risk staging, and updated population data. Emphasis is placed on risk refinement strategies including coronary artery calcium scoring and lipid biomarkers such as apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a). These tools help identify hidden cardiovascular risk and guide preventive lipid lowering therapy before clinical cardiovascular disease develops.
This episode reviews the 2025 ACE consensus framework for individualized obesity pharmacotherapy, moving beyond standardized algorithms toward condition based medication selection. Emphasis is placed on comorbidities, organ specific risk stratification, safety monitoring, and long term therapeutic benefit to support precision management of adiposity based chronic disease.
This episode reviews the 2025 ACE consensus approach to cost conscious obesity pharmacotherapy, emphasizing access driven treatment sequencing, payer mandated step therapy, and stage based medication selection for adiposity based chronic disease. Focus is placed on balancing clinical efficacy, affordability, and long term sustainability, with escalation and override strategies guided by therapeutic response and the presence of obesity related complications.
This episode reviews the 2025 ACE consensus on complication centric obesity management, with a focus on organ system based medication prioritization. Topics include pharmacologic selection across cardiometabolic, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, and biomechanical complications, emphasizing outcome driven therapy rather than weight alone in adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD).
This episode reviews the 2025 ACE consensus on biologically informed lifestyle therapy for obesity and adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD), including personalized nutrition strategies to achieve and sustain an energy deficit, protein and micronutrient requirements to preserve lean mass and metabolic health, physical activity and resistance training targets for weight maintenance, the role of sleep and circadian regulation in energy balance, and the importance of addressing weight bias, stigma, and psychological comorbidities in long term obesity management.
This episode reviews the 2025 ACE consensus on therapeutic weight loss response, threshold based outcomes, early pharmacologic response assessment, and how to align intervention intensity with disease severity in adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD).
This episode reviews the clinical component of the 2025 ACE consensus, shifting from identifying excess adiposity to staging adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD). It explains how clinicians assess obesity related complications, apply disease staging independent of BMI, and account for contributing factors such as medications, endocrine causes, genetics, psychological influences, and social determinants. The episode then connects staging to individualized treatment planning and long term management within a chronic disease framework.
This episode examines the anthropometric component of the 2025 ACE consensus on obesity, emphasizing the role of BMI as a screening tool rather than a diagnostic endpoint. It outlines population specific BMI thresholds, the clinical need for assessing abdominal adiposity, and the importance of standardized waist circumference and waist to height ratio measurements in evaluating cardiometabolic risk. The discussion reinforces why body fat distribution, rather than total body weight, drives disease risk and explains when body composition testing is indicated to clarify clinical ambiguity. The episode situates these measurements within the broader ACE framework for adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD), supporting more accurate risk stratification and individualized management.
This episode introduces the 2025 ACE consensus framework for obesity, reframing the condition as adiposity based chronic disease (ABCD) rather than a numeric weight diagnosis. It reviews the shift toward person centered, complication centric care, emphasizing the role of both anthropometric and clinical assessment in diagnosis and staging. The discussion highlights obesity related complications as the primary driver of disease severity, the limitations of body mass index as an endpoint, and the importance of shared decision making and longitudinal management using lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical therapies to improve health outcomes and quality of life.
This episode reviews the management of dyslipidemia in special populations using an individualized, risk based framework. It emphasizes ASCVD risk assessment in older adults, patients receiving gender affirming hormone therapy, individuals living with HIV, those with chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, adult survivors of childhood cancer, and solid organ transplant recipients. The discussion highlights statin selection, drug drug interactions, use of non statin therapies, and the limitations of traditional risk calculators, underscoring the importance of shared decision making and tailored lipid lowering strategies in populations with complex and often underestimated cardiovascular risk.
This episode reviews guideline directed statin therapy and LDL lowering strategies using ASCVD risk based statin benefit groups. It emphasizes selection of statin intensity, LDL C treatment targets, and appropriate escalation to non statin therapies, including ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, and bempedoic acid. The episode also addresses statin associated muscle symptoms, CK based management thresholds, and evidence based approaches to true statin intolerance with shared decision making for optimal cardiovascular risk reduction.
This episode reviews the management of hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy using a triglyceride level guided framework. It emphasizes risk stratification for maternal ASCVD versus pancreatitis, identification of secondary and genetic dyslipidemias, and implementation of lifestyle, dietary, and pharmacologic interventions with multidisciplinary oversight throughout gestation and lactation.
This episode reviews the evaluation and management of adult hypertriglyceridemia using a triglyceride level driven framework. Emphasis is placed on risk stratification to distinguish ASCVD risk reduction from pancreatitis prevention, identification and treatment of secondary and genetic contributors, and implementation of evidence based lifestyle and dietary interventions to guide therapy.
This episode breaks down hypertriglyceridemia in adults, covering classification by level, etiology, particle type, and clinical risk orientation.
This episode reviews the evaluation of adults with severe hypertriglyceridemia, according to the 2025 AACE Algorithm.• Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: Understand impaired triglyceride clearance, chylomicron accumulation, and increased pancreatitis risk, including multifactorial causes.• Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Recognize this rare, early onset disorder with persistent hypertriglyceridemia despite low fat intake.• Dysbetalipoproteinemia (APOE E2/E2): Learn about equal elevations of TG and cholesterol, tuberous xanthomas, low Apo B, and excellent response to fibrates.
This episode reviews how to evaluate and manage adults with extremely low or extremely high HDL cholesterol according to the 2025 AACE Algorithm.• Identifies secondary causes of abnormal HDL, such as renal disease, low estrogen states, hyperandrogenism, medications (fibrates, TZDs, niacin, anti epileptics), alcohol excess, estrogen therapy, or pesticide exposure.• Explains key genetic disorders linked to HDL extremes, including ABCA1 (Tangier disease), LCAT (fish eye disease), APOA1 deficiency, CETP deficiency, SCARB1 deficiency, LIPC deficiency, LIPG deficiency, and APOC3 variants.• Summarizes diagnostic clues and next steps, such as examination for corneal clouding, orange tonsils, xanthomas, neuropathy, kidney evaluation, fasting lipid profile confirmation, and targeted genetic or family screening.
This episode reviews how to evaluate and manage adults with very low LDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL) according to the 2025 AACE Algorithm.• Identifies secondary causes such as lipid lowering therapy, malnutrition, malabsorption, and chronic diseases.• Explains key genetic disorders linked to low LDL. Including MTTP, APOB, PCSK9, ANGPTL3, and SAR1B mutations.• Summarizes diagnostic clues and next steps, such as liver ultrasound, vitamin level assessment, and genetic or family screening.
This episode explores the next step in the 2025 AACE Dyslipidemia Management Algorithm, focusing on adults with LDL cholesterol levels of 190 mg/dL or higher.• Discusses how to evaluate for Familial Hypercholesterolemia and rule out secondary causes.• Reviews diagnostic tools such as the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network, Simon Broome, and Welsh criteria.• Outlines a stepwise approach to assessment, genetic testing, and family screening for early prevention
This episode serves as the introduction to the series on the 2025 AACE Dyslipidemia Management Algorithm, focusing on patient centered risk assessment and lifestyle based prevention strategies.• Covers ASCVD and pancreatitis risk evaluation, lifestyle modification, and shared decision making.• Introduces ASCVD risk classification, validated risk calculators, and integrated cardiometabolic management.• Highlights the importance of equity, medication access, and long term adherence.
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