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Mind & Matter

Author: Nick Jikomes

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Whether food, drugs or ideas, what you consume influences who you become. Learn directly from the best scientists & thinkers alive today about how your mind-body reacts to what you feed it.

The weekly M&M podcast features conversations with the most interesting scientists, thinkers, and technology entrepreneurs alive today.


Not medical advice.

At M&M, we are interested in trying to figure out how things work, not affirming our existing beliefs. We prefer consulting primary rather than secondary sources and independent rather than institutional voices. If we encounter uncomfortable truths or the evidence suggests unfashionable ideas may be valid, so be it.


As the host, my aim is to help you better understand how the body & mind work by curating & synthesizing information in a way that yields science-based insights that you can choose to use or disregard in your own life. Taking ownership of your health starts with taking ownership of your information diet.


I am motivated to connect the dots and distill general principles from what I learn, preferring to ask questions and play devil’s advocate to debating or incessantly pushing my own viewpoint.


My beliefs:


Sometimes modern discoveries teach us we must unlearn received wisdom. Other times, modern information overload & historical chauvinism cause us to forget ancient wisdom which stills applies. The framework for learning that I embody is inspired by three Ancient Greek maxims inscribed in the Temple of Apollo at Delphi:

  • “Γνῶθι σεαυτόν” (Know thyself)
  • “Μηδὲν ἄγαν” (Nothing in excess)
  • “Ἐγγύα πάρα δ Ἄτα” (Certainty brings insanity)
291 Episodes
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Send us Fan Mail How the vagus nerve regulates inflammation; bioelectronic therapies to treat inflammatory conditions. Nick speaks with Dr. Kevin Tracey about inflammation as a major driver of modern diseases, the vagus nerve’s role in balancing immune responses via reflexes, limitations of anti-cytokine drugs, and emerging bioelectronic medicine using targeted nerve stimulation. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Inflammation is related to diseases that contribute to most deaths today: heart disease, diabete...
Send us Fan Mail How light regulate circadian rhythms, mitochondrial function, hormones, and appetite. Nick & Dr. Alexis Cowan discuss non-image-forming effects of light on the body, from melanopsin-driven circadian signaling in the eye to UV-stimulated pathways in skin and brain that influence melatonin, cortisol, melanin production, and energy balance. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Melanopsin & non-image-forming light: blue light signals daytime to the SCN master clock, suppressing melatonin an...
Send us Fan Mail Is the fundamental purpose of sleep to remove oxidized fats from the brain? Nick & Dr. Amita Sehgal talk about the latest science on why animals sleep. Using fruit flies, her lab shows that waking generates oxidized lipids in neurons that are shuttled to glia and then cleared by macrophage-like cells during sleep. This process protects mitochondria, supports memory, and links sleep to metabolic cleanup rather than just rest. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Drosophila as a model: Fruit ...
Send us Fan Mail The science, hype, and unknowns surrounding popular peptides like BPC-157 & TB-500 ("Wolverine stack") for injury recovery & tissue repair. Nick & Dr. Flynn McGuire discuss the surge in peptide use for injury recovery. They cover peptide basics, the preclinical evidence for BPC-157 and TB-500, mechanisms like angiogenesis and tissue repair, the lack of robust human trials, sourcing risks, regulatory bans, and the gap between anecdotal reports and scientific certai...
Send us Fan Mail Biology of obesity resistance and factors influencing weight gain in humans and animals. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Historical views on obesity: In some cultures, like northern Africa or Stone Age societies, high body fat signaled status or attractiveness due to food scarcity, unlike today’s focus on leanness amid calorie abundance.Energy balance components: Metabolizable energy (95% absorption on average, but varying 1-11%) and unabsorbed nutrients excreted as waste significantly inf...
Send us Fan Mail Mitochondria in human evolution, climate adaptation, maternal genetics, aging, and disease. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Endosymbiotic theory: Mitochondria arose from oxidative bacteria engulfed by archaea-like hosts, confirmed by phylogenetic analysis.Maternal mtDNA inheritance: Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother, not the father. There are adaptive reasons for this.Haplogroups & adaptation: Tropical lineages tightly couple energy production for efficiency; northern ones...
Send us Fan Mail Role of bile acids in cholesterol regulation, digestion & metabolic diseases like diabetes. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Bile acids basics: They enable cholesterol excretion, with about half of bodily cholesterol eliminated this way, and also aid digestion by emulsifying fats to increase enzyme access.Bile production & pathway: Synthesized in liver hepatocytes, bile flows via ducts to the gallbladder for storage or directly to the small intestine; post-meal, cholecystokinin trig...
Send us Fan Mail How the body's internal circadian clocks regulate metabolism, energy balance, and health. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Master circadian clock in the brain: Light detection via retina entrains the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which coordinates body-wide rhythms; intrinsic period slightly deviates from 24 hours, allowing seasonal flexibility.Peripheral clocks in organs: Nearly all cells have autonomous clocks; liver and fat clocks rapidly adjust to feeding time, while brain clock aligns more ...
Send us Fan Mail Gene regulation through RNAs, the neurobiology of opioid addiction, and how psychedelics affect drug-seeking by modulating inflammation and plasticity. Not medical advice. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Gene regulation basics: DNA transcribes to RNAs, including non-coding types like microRNAs that inhibit mRNA translation into proteins, influencing up to 60% of the proteome.Non-coding RNAs in neuroplasticity: MicroRNAs and circular RNAs regulate synaptic changes, with activity-induced one...
Send us Fan Mail The biology of fat tissue, estrogen's role in metabolism and health, and how exercise interacts with these processes, especially during menopause. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Adipose tissue basics: White fat primarily stores energy in large lipid droplets, while brown fat burns fatty acids for heat via high mitochondrial density; white fat can “brown” with exercise or certain foods like capsaicin.Fat distribution & health: Subcutaneous fat (under skin) is more insulin-sensitive and...
Send us Fan Mail The brain's mysterious claustrum region, its role in cognitive flexibility, and how substances like alcohol and psychedelics affect neural circuits and behavior. Not medical advice. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Cerebral cortex structure: Described as a six-layered structure with pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons; information flows between layers and regions to process sensory input and enable complex behaviors.Claustrum anatomy & connectivity: A sheet-like subcortical st...
Send us Fan Mail Pharmacology & neurobiology of psychedelics & MDMA, focusing on isomers, sex-specific effects, and mechanisms in animal models. Not medical advice. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Biased agonism: Different drugs activate the same receptor (e.g., 5-HT2A) but trigger varied intracellular pathways, explaining why LSD is psychedelic while similar lisuride is not.Enantiomers & isomers: Mirror-image versions of drugs like MDMA (S and R forms) and LSD (four isomers) often produce dist...
Send us Fan Mail The AMP kinase pathway's role in cellular energy sensing, nutrient allocation, and its connections to health practices like fasting, exercise, and diet. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Cellular energy basics: ATP/ADP/AMP as energy currencies; AMP kinase activates on low ATP to conserve and redirect resources, like a budget manager.AMP kinase mechanics: Heterotrimeric enzyme phosphorylating 100+ substrates; localizes dynamically in cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus to integrate signals.Nutrien...
Send us Fan Mail How industrial farming, seed oils, soy, and pesticides impact food nutrition and health. Not medical advice. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Soy’s rise in farming: Originating from paint uses and wartime chemicals, soy became dominant due to subsidies and large-scale farming practices, but introduces high PUFAs, phytoestrogens, and pesticides into animal feeds.Feed’s impact on eggs: Chicken feeds high in soy and corn raise linoleic acid levels in eggs compared to low-soy alternatives; low-...
Send us Fan Mail How individuals vary in responses to carbs, fibers, and fats. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Personalized health profiling: Snyder’s lab sequences genomes and measures molecules from blood, urine, and microbiomes to detect diseases early, emphasizing data-driven discovery over assumptions.Fiber variations and effects: Responses to dietary fibers vary individually, with microbiome playing a key role.Glycemic responses to carbs: People spike differently to foods like rice, potatoes, or brea...
Send us Fan Mail How agricultural practices influence the nutrient density of foods, particularly meat, and the importance of hidden compounds beyond standard nutrition labels. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Nutrient density profiling: Labs analyze thousands of compounds beyond macros and vitamins; this “dark matter” includes phytonutrients that may support health despite not being essential.Phytonutrients in foods: Plant secondary metabolites like polyphenols act as antioxidants and influence pathways li...
Send us Fan Mail Cellular metabolism, mitochondrial health, and the roles of diet and environment in metabolic health, fetal & child development, and Alzheimer's. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Cellular growth vs. burning: Cells alternate between growing (using glucose for building blocks in low-oxygen environments) and burning (generating ATP in mitochondria with oxygen); dysregulation leads to metabolic issues.Key regulatory enzymes: PI3 kinase imports glucose, AMP kinase builds mitochondria, and mT...
Send us Fan Mail Deep dive into how ketogenic diets and carbohydrate intake effect exercise performance, and misconceptions in sports nutrition. TOPICS DISCUSSED: Insulin as a powerful metabolic hormone: regulates nutrient storage across tissues, overriding others like glucagon to promote fat and glucose storage during abundance.Glucagon & GLP-1 roles in metabolism: Glucagon mobilizes liver glucose during scarcity; GLP-1, amplified in drugs like Ozempic, suppresses hunger but originated a...
Send us Fan Mail Neurobiology of maternal care in mammals: hormonal influences, stress effects & a study on psilocybin's unexpected effects during the postpartum period. Sponsor: SporesMD. Use code TRIKOMES for 20% off pharmaceutical-grade mushroom liquid cultures & mycology products. Topics Discussed: Maternal care behavior in rodents: Nursing, pup retrieval, grooming, and nest-building, essential for altricial pups’ survival; conserved across mammals but varies by species.Hormonal c...
Send us Fan Mail Metabolic effects of soybean oil and linoleic acid on obesity, fatty liver, and liver function. Topics Discussed: Historical trends in soybean oil use: Consumption increased dramatically since the 1960s due to farming subsidies, now providing over 10% of calories for many Americans, far exceeding the 1-2% required biologically.Soybean oil’s effects in mice: Diets with 8-10% linoleic acid cause obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes over weeks, unlike coconut oil diets; effects pe...
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