Blooms and Beyond

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 1 Episode Title: “Planting Seeds: How One Horticulturist Found Her Way to the Plant Jungle” Episode Description Welcome to the very first episode of Blooms and Beyond! Join host Dr. Ping Yu, PhD student Yan Zhang, and producer Rich Braman as they introduce you to a podcast that explores plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. In this inaugural episode, discover the personal journeys that led two people into the wonderful world of horticulture - from a childhood gardenia propagation competition in rural China to thrips research powered by passion and purpose. Listen Time: ~29 minutes In This Episode Meet Your Hosts & Team Dr. Ping Yu - Assistant Professor and Ornamental Horticulture Extension Specialist at the University of Georgia Yan Zhang - First-year PhD student researching thrips and integrated pest management Rich Braman - Systems Administrator and Developer at UGA’s Center for Urban Agriculture Journey Stories Ping’s Path to Horticulture (02:20 - 06:52) Growing up in Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, China - home to giant pandas, a 2,000-year-old irrigation system, and spicy food A childhood gardenia propagation competition at age 10 (spoiler: she won!) From architecture dreams to falling in love with horticulture Educational journey: Sichuan Normal University → Nanjing Forestry University → Texas A&M → University of Florida → UGA The fascinating crossover between landscape design and plant science Yan’s Research Focus (00:54 - 01:34) Specializing in thrips, integrated pest management, and ornamental plants Previous work on bark beetles during master’s degree Learning to see research as exploration, not just results What Extension Work Really Means (07:18 - 09:12) Supporting commercial nursery and greenhouse growers Tackling irrigation, nutrients, substrate management, and production issues Interdisciplinary collaboration with entomology, plant pathology, and weed science The power of extension agents serving Georgia’s green industry Plant Spotlight: Sunflowers 🌻 The Science of Sun-Tracking (10:04 - 12:00) Meet Helianthus annuus (sun + flower + annual) How young sunflowers track the sun from east to west The role of auxin in creating heliotropic movement Uneven cell growth that bends the stem toward light The Art of Van Gogh (12:00 - 14:09) Vincent van Gogh’s sunflower series (1887-1889) Sunflowers as symbols of gratitude, friendship, and the cycle of life Bold yellows exploring light, hope, and spiritual radiance Why sunflowers inspire courage: “Life is worth living and there’s always hope. Just keep going on.” Birth of the Podcast From Thrips Talks to Blooms and Beyond (14:50 - 19:24) How Yan’s PhD research sparked the idea American Floral Endowment Educational Grant support Originally planned as six episodes about thrips management Expanded to cover the broader “plant jungle” and plant power “Once you step in, you don’t want to step out” The Vision (19:26 - 23:55) Tagline: Plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science Weaving enchanting stories with practical management practices Every plant has a story to tell Serving two audiences: commercial professionals seeking solutions AND plant enthusiasts wanting to brag about cool plant facts Topics You’ll Hear About: Irrigation management Plant hunting Labor management and techniques Career preparation Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Historical and cultural plant stories And so much more! Paying It Forward Mentors Who Changed Everything (25:00 - 27:54) Dr. James Robbins (retired professor, University of Arkansas) Dr. Mengmeng Gu (now Dean of Extension at Colorado State University) A chance meeting in Nanjing that opened doors to the American dream The power of encouragement: “Why don’t you start preparing your English test and see how it goes?” Philosophy: “Pay it forward” to help the next generation Key Quotes “Every plant has a story to tell. They didn’t just magically show up today in your garden or nursery. They have been selected, hybridized, shipped long distances. Somewhere along the line, they have crazy stories to tell.” — Dr. Ping Yu “Every time I saw sunflower, I would have the courage to carry on with whatever struggle that I may have. Life is worth living and there’s always hope. Just keep going on.” — Dr. Ping Yu “My experience taught me how to see research as an exploration, not just about the results, but about learning from every attempt.” — Yan Zhang “Nobody really cares about your research unless they can relate to your research.” — Dr. Ping Yu (quoting her PhD professor) “We really do never go anywhere alone, do we?” — Rich Braman Educational Highlights What is IPM (Integrated Pest Management)? A comprehensive approach to pest control that combines multiple strategies: Cultural practices Biological control Chemical control (when necessary) Goal: Minimize economic and environmental risks while keeping pests at manageable levels Scientific Name Fun Fact: Helianthus annuus breaks down to: Helios = sun (Greek/Latin) Anthos = flower Annuus = annual Scientific names can tell you characteristics of the plant! Resources & Links Visit the Show: Website: bandbpod.com Show notes and additional resources at bandbpod.com Get Involved: Subscribe to the podcast Leave a review Share with fellow plant lovers Support the show (details at bandbpod.com) Funding: This episode is supported by the American Floral Endowment Educational Grant, whose mission is to fund educational programs to promote more young people into the horticulture industry. About Blooms and Beyond Blooms and Beyond is a podcast that covers plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. Whether you’re a commercial grower looking for management solutions, a student exploring horticulture careers, or someone who just loves plants and their stories, you’ll find something here for you. Hosted by Dr. Ping Yu from the University of Georgia, each episode features interviews with experts who bring enchanting stories, pioneering research, and practical wisdom from the world of horticulture. Your Takeaway: When you walk away from each episode, commercial professionals should have at least one piece of advice to help with production, and plant enthusiasts should have one cool fact to share about plants. Because that’s how we spread plant power to a larger audience and make the environment a little bit better. Credits Host: Dr. Ping Yu Featured Guests: Yan Zhang, Rich Braman Producer/Technical Host: Rich Braman Support: American Floral Endowment Educational Grant Episode Release Date: November 17th, 2025 Episode Length: 29:53 “Till next time, stay healthy and go plants!” 🌱🌻🌿

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 2 Episode Title: “Growing Together: Inside AFE’s Mission for Floriculture” Episode Description What happens when a music major moves to North Carolina and falls in love with plants? In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with Laura Barth, Research Coordinator for the American Floral Endowment (AFE), to explore how this nonprofit organization supports the entire floriculture industry—from funding research to awarding scholarships. Discover what AFE does for growers and researchers, why the floriculture industry is “surprisingly friendly,” and how trends like AI, drones, and e-commerce are shaping the future. Plus, Laura reveals her favorite flower (hint: it looks like a craft project made of tissue paper!) and both hosts share how flowers can boost your mood—that’s plant power! Listen Time: ~27 minutes In This Episode Featured Guest Laura Barth — Research Coordinator, American Floral Endowment Facilitates AFE’s research programs and outreach Former AFE scholarship recipient Background in music performance and horticulture science from NC State Main Topics Laura’s Journey to Horticulture (01:35 - 03:17) First degree in music performance in Wisconsin Moving to North Carolina sparked her love of plants “All I wanted to do was be outside and garden” Discovered NC State’s horticulture program in Chapel Hill The Connection Between Art and Floriculture (04:03 - 05:15) Creativity in floral design and landscaping Artistic side of creating outreach materials Famous plant paintings: sunflowers, iris, water lily, pear blossom What is AFE? (05:46 - 06:43) 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization Funds research, internships, scholarships, and educational programs An endowment: “the money isn’t going anywhere” Industry-funded, resources go back to industry for free Both Ping and Laura are former AFE scholarship recipients Floriculture Industry Status (07:26 - 08:11) Cut flower production: field, greenhouse, hoop house Young plants, finished plants, all stages of growth Perennials, bulbs, foliage, and succulents Growing interest in locally grown cut flowers U-Pick Farms and Georgia’s Floriculture (08:12 - 08:58) Rise of small cut flower farms with u-pick options Georgia’s floriculture history: 2008-2009 recession impact Industry gradually recovering Hard Goods (09:06 - 10:03) AFE board meeting visit to Floral Mart in Peachtree Corners, Georgia The Garcia family’s floral materials for weddings and more High-quality floral products, ribbons, and wire Industry Challenges (10:27 - 11:44) Labor shortages (potential solutions through internships, automation, AI) Thrips, botrytis, spider mites, Lewis mites Inflation impacting consumer gardening purchases Uncertainty with federal funding for floriculture research Long-term impacts of funding cuts may not be visible for 5-10 years E-Commerce Impact (11:46 - 13:14) Brick and mortar florists losing business Miami import hub: arrangements assembled for e-commerce Younger generation interested in online plant shops Social media driving houseplant trends Sustainabloom (13:15 - 14:44) AFE launched Sustainabloom resource hub in 2022 Resources for all industry segments Young consumers researching product sustainability Europe has more regulations; US industry staying ahead of trends Sustainability in Practice (14:45 - 15:49) Biodegradable containers Reducing chemical leachate Implementing IPM practices Consumers willing to pay extra for sustainable products Favorite Plant: Ranunculus (15:51 - 17:26) Laura’s current favorite: ranunculus Saw stunning varieties at ProFlora in Colombia “They look like a craft project—rows of tissue paper stuck together” Favorite flower changes with mood and season Plant Power and Mood (17:27 - 18:12) Plants can influence your mood “Go out for a walk and see plants… they can make you feel happy again” Even just looking at flowers brings peace Flowers as Lifestyle (18:13 - 20:04) Ping’s love of Trader Joe’s flower section Weekly bouquet as affordable self-care The Lady of the Camellias by Alexandre Dumas European fresh markets and flower culture Emily in Paris lifestyle: grab a bouquet, wander the city Future of the Industry (20:06 - 21:25) Increased sustainability efforts AI integration in all aspects of production Drones with AI/machine learning for disease and nutrient detection Dispensing biological controls Automation, SOPs, and tool development More research proposals involving AI and machine learning E-Commerce Future (21:27 - 22:19) Next generation opening online stores GrowPro webinar with Melinda Knuth on younger consumer purchasing Different crop types for e-commerce: niche succulents, houseplants Advice for Young Growers (22:20 - 23:50) Use free AFE resources Attend conferences, go on tours Reach out to local Extension offices “You don’t have to spend a ton of money to reinvent the wheel” Industry is “surprisingly friendly and surprisingly open” Competitors willing to share knowledge Finding Resources (24:44 - 25:42) endowment.org for AFE research reports and GrowPro webinars Cooperative Extension for local support “We’re here to help” Key Highlights Laura’s Journey: Music performance degree → Move to North Carolina → Fell in love with plants → NC State horticulture program AFE Impact: 501(c)(3) nonprofit funding research, scholarships, internships, and educational programs Sustainabloom: AFE’s 2022 resource hub for industry sustainability efforts Industry Challenges: Labor, pests (thrips, botrytis, mites), inflation, federal funding uncertainty Future Trends: AI, drones, machine learning, e-commerce, sustainability Industry Culture: “Surprisingly friendly”—competitors share knowledge openly Plant Power: Flowers boost mood and represent a lifestyle choice Key Quotes “I’m trying to write this essay about why I want to do this, and I’m like, ‘You know what? I really just kind of want to be outside.’ Hmm, maybe that’s my answer.” — Laura Barth “I absolutely think there is a connection between art and horticulture. And especially in floriculture, when you’re seeing floral designers and some of the landscaping, I think there really is creativity to a lot of our industry.” — Laura Barth “The best thing about AFE is that it is an endowment so the money isn’t going anywhere. We’re supported by the industry through industry funds and everything we put out goes directly back to the industry for free.” — Laura Barth “You don’t have to spend a ton of money to reinvent the wheel. And also I would say our industry is surprisingly friendly and surprisingly open with how much knowledge we’re willing to share.” — Laura Barth “I call it plant power, and it can really influence your mood. If you don’t feel well or if you feel upset, go out for a walk and then see all those plants outside… they can make you feel happy again.” — Dr. Ping Yu “I think that’s the reason that our whole industry thrives… Because if we’re all eating, it’s better for everybody.” — Laura Barth Educational Highlights What is AFE (American Floral Endowment)? A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that supports the floriculture industry through: Research funding Scholarships and internships Educational programs (including GrowPro webinars) Resources that go back to the industry for free What is Sustainabloom? Launched by AFE in 2022, Sustainabloom is a resource hub where people from all segments of the floriculture industry can find resources to help them become more sustainable, no matter where they are in their journey. What is Floriculture? The segment of horticulture focused on flowering and ornamental plants, including: Cut flower production (field, greenhouse, hoop house) Potted plants (young plants to finished) Perennials, bulbs, foliage, and succulents Hard goods (faux flowers, ribbons, supplies) What are Hard Goods? In the floral industry, “hard goods” refers to non-living floral supplies including high-quality faux/artificial flowers, ribbons, wire, containers, and other materials used in arrangements. Resources & Links American Floral Endowment: Website: endowment.org Research Reports GrowPro Webinar Series Sustainabloom Resource Hub Cooperative Extension: Contact your local Extension office for floriculture resources Blooms and Beyond: Website: bandbpod.com Show notes and additional resources About Blooms and Beyond Blooms and Beyond is a podcast that covers plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. Whether you’re a commercial grower looking for management solutions, a student exploring horticulture careers, or someone who just loves plants and their stories, you’ll find something here for you. Hosted by Dr. Ping Yu from the University of Georgia, each episode features interviews with experts who bring enchanting stories, pioneering research, and practical wisdom from the world of horticulture. About the Guest Laura Barth serves as the Research Coordinator for the American Floral Endowment, where she facilitates research programs and outreach. Her journey to horticulture began unexpectedly—after earning a degree in music performance, a move from Wisconsin to North Carolina opened her eyes to the beauty of plants and flowers. She went on to earn undergraduate and graduate degrees in horticulture science from North Carolina State University. As a former AFE scholarship recipient herself, Laura understands firsthand the impact of AFE’s programs on the next generation of horticulturists. Credits Host: Dr. Ping Yu Guest: Laura Barth, American Floral Endowment Producer: Rich Braman Episode Release Date: November 30th, 2025 Episode Length: ~27 minutes “Till next time, stay healthy and go plants!” 🌱🌻🌿

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 3 Episode Title: “Inside the Green Industry: A Lifelong Journey in Horticulture with Dr. Michael Martin” Episode Description What does it take to turn a childhood love of plants into a lifelong career? In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with her dear friend and colleague Dr. Michael Martin, Science Research and Regulatory Programs Director at American Hort and the Horticultural Research Institute (HRI). From sticking azalea cuttings at age five to becoming the ultimate “matchmaker” between growers and researchers, Michael shares the winding path that led him through agricultural education, nursery inspection, native plant nursery ownership, and a PhD at the University of Georgia. Discover what really goes on behind the scenes of the green industry—from the 18-month journey a geranium takes to reach your local garden center, to the family legacies passed down through plant cuttings for over a century. Michael offers invaluable advice for anyone considering a career in horticulture: work for others first, embrace learning, and never underestimate the power of showing up in person. Listen Time: ~55 minutes In This Episode Featured Guest Dr. Michael Martin - Science Research and Regulatory Programs Director, American Hort and Horticultural Research Institute (HRI). Lifelong horticulturist with experience spanning nursery inspection, native plant nursery ownership, and academic research. Main Topics Meet Michael Martin (01:24 - 02:05) Current role at American Hort and HRI Started in horticulture at age five, sticking azalea cuttings “Every job I’ve had has been directly related to the horticultural industry” What is American Hort? (02:46 - 05:35) National Trade Association for nurseries, greenhouses, and independent retailers Legislative arm with lobbyists in Washington, D.C. Currently addressing cotton jassid (two-spotted cotton leafhopper) in the Southeast Service organization helping growers with pest, disease, and regulatory issues The Horticultural Research Institute (HRI) (04:18 - 05:35) Research foundation arm of American Hort Provides scholarships, research grants, and leadership academy 100% industry-supported—no federal or state funding Michael’s role as “matchmaker” connecting growers with researchers Michael’s Career Journey (06:02 - 10:42) Mentors: Bob and Bill Head at Head-Lee Nursery, Jeff and Lisa Beasley at Transplant Nursery High school ag teacher in Walhalla, South Carolina showed horticulture as a career Bachelor’s and Master’s at Clemson University (agricultural education focus) Taught for one year, decided it wasn’t for him Worked as nursery inspector in South Carolina for five years Started native plant nursery serving Lake Keowee riparian zone requirements (10 years) PhD at University of Georgia under Matthew Chappell Connected through Paul Thomas (“PT”) in a chance hallway encounter The Journey of a Plant (11:43 - 14:37) Geranium cuttings for Spring 2026 are being produced now (September 2025) Cuttings produced in Central and South America, shipped to U.S. for finishing 6-8 month journey from cutting to consumer purchase Plant breeders work 5-10 years ahead developing new varieties “Hundreds, if not thousands of people involved” in getting one plant to market Favorite Plant: Tricyrtis (Toad Lilies) (16:23 - 18:05) Purchased for 25 cents at Park Seed grower’s days as a child Either Tricyrtis hirta or T. formosana ‘Stolonifera’ Still growing on family farm 30-40 years later Shade plant that flowers in fall Symbolizes good fortune, prosperity, elegance, and long life in Asian culture Family Plant Legacies (18:40 - 20:49) Philadelphus odorata (mock orange) passed through four generations Mother’s cutting came from grandmother in Greenville, SC Plant has been in family for over 100 years Shortia galacifolia (Oconee bells) story: lost for 100 years after Asa Gray’s pressed specimen was sent from England to France, rediscovered by child playing in woods Green Industry Status (21:16 - 24:28) Industry did “phenomenally well” during and after COVID Many discovered indoor gardening and gardening in general Curbside pickup became permanent sales methodology for some nurseries 2025 has been a “good year”—not great, not terrible Fall is best time to plant, though consumers prefer spring American-Made vs. Imported Plants (24:28 - 29:03) Trees and woody shrubs: predominantly sole-source produced in U.S. Herbaceous annuals: cuttings mostly from Central and South America Day length and temperature requirements make offshore production practical Poinsettia cuttings produced in Central/South America during summer “You can put a thousand cuttings in a regular cardboard box” Quality Standards Evolution (29:43 - 31:00) 20 years ago, quality standards had to be written into contracts Now high quality is the expectation and industry norm Growers “pride themselves on having high quality plants” Trade Show Changes (31:00 - 33:53) Named varieties were rare when Michael started; now they’re expected Trade shows have consolidated due to cost Growers have become “more selective in the shows that we exhibit at” Some growers used to do 8-10 shows per year Industry Challenges (33:54 - 36:55) Labor is the biggest issue Legislative team working on H-2A and H-2B visa programs Automation increasing, particularly for jobs with higher injury rates Phytosanitary work offers excellent job security Cotton jassid currently affecting Southeast (cotton, okra, ornamentals) Researcher-Grower Relationships (37:44 - 40:22) “Call. Call the grower and say, ‘Hey, can I come and meet you?’” Growers want to see your face and know you care Walking the rows reveals information they won’t share over phone/email Anecdotal observations can become research opportunities Growers want to be involved and see how their support is used Career Opportunities (42:51 - 45:00) Sales representatives (may never see a plant) Input suppliers: containers, substrates, fertilizers, tags/labels NFC tags for plant data—new technology Plant breeders, facility engineers Area growers → section growers → head growers Succession Planning (46:50 - 50:30) Many owners aging out of the industry Traditional transfers: family to next generation Non-traditional transfers: leadership or outside parties take over gradually American Hort provides roadmaps for both types May be 10-year gradual transition plans “Start putting feelers out” at trade shows if interested in ownership Advice for Young Growers (50:30 - 53:33) Work for somebody else first—don’t open your own business day one Some family operations require 5-10 years elsewhere before joining Go on nursery and greenhouse tours, take pictures Join associations: American Hort, IPPS, state associations “That knowledge, that information that they have as growers, that is so valuable that I honestly can’t put a price on it” Key Quotes “I am currently the Science Research and Regulatory Programs Director with American Hort in the Horticultural Research Institute, HRI. I have been working in the horticulture industry almost my entire life. One of my first jobs was when I was five, sticking azalea cuttings, because that was the easiest job I could do.” — Dr. Michael Martin “There is nothing wrong with deciding, ‘Hey, this is not where I want to be. I need to go back and look at something else.’” — Dr. Michael Martin “When you go to buy, let’s say, a geranium in the spring, that’s the finish line for that plant… The companies that produce the cuttings for the geraniums, they’re producing those cuttings for the spring of 2026 right now.” — Dr. Michael Martin “This plant, through its lineage, at least for a hundred years, has been in our family. And so, like you…, I like the history of plants just as much as I do the plants themselves.” — Dr. Michael Martin (on his family’s Philadelphus) “They are your competitors, but they’re happy to help you because your success is their success.” — Dr. Michael Martin “Work for somebody else first. That is my first suggestion. Don’t open your own business day one. Go get experience.” — Dr. Michael Martin Educational Highlights What is American Hort? The National Trade Association serving nurseries, greenhouses, independent retailers, and anyone working in ornamental horticulture. They advocate for the industry through legislative efforts, provide regulatory guidance, and help growers navigate challenges like pest outbreaks and policy changes. What is HRI (Horticultural Research Institute)? The research foundation arm of American Hort that provides scholarships, research grants, and leadership development. Entirely industry-funded, HRI connects growers with researchers to solve real-world production challenges. Plant Production Timeline Spring annuals: Cuttings produced 6-8 months ahead in Central/South America Woody plants: Even longer production cycles New varieties: 5-10 years of breeding and development before reaching market Phytosanitary Work Plant health inspection and protection, including disease, insect, and invasive plant monitoring. Career opportunities exist at state level, federal level (USDA APHIS PPQ), and within large nursery operations. Key Agencies & Organizations Mentioned USDA APHIS - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service PPQ - Plant Protection and Quarantine (division of APHIS) National Plant Board - State plant health regulatory officers SPHDs - State Plant Health Directors (federal officers in each state) IPPS - International Plant Propagators’ Society Succession Planning Types Traditional: Family-to-family generational transfer Non-Traditional: Transfer to non-family leadership or outside parties, often through gradual multi-year transition plans Plant Spotlight 🌿 Tricyrtis (Toad Lilies) Native to Japan (T. hirta) and China/Taiwan (T. formosana) Shade-loving perennials that bloom in fall Orchid-like flowers with spotted patterns In Asian culture: symbolize good fortune, pros

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 4 Episode Title: “IPM Basics: Building Your Pest Management Toolbox with Dr. Erich Schoeller” Episode Description What if the secret to healthier plants isn’t reaching for the spray bottle, but building a smarter system? In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with Dr. Erich Schoeller, an entomologist and IPM specialist at the University of Georgia, to break down the fundamentals of Integrated Pest Management. From the IPM pyramid to parasitoid wasps, from banker plants to predatory mites, Erich walks us through the science-based strategies that can help growers reduce pesticide use while keeping pests in check. Along the way, discover how a pharmacy student became an entomologist, why tephritid fruit flies are surprisingly beautiful, and the enchanting Greek mythology behind lilacs. Whether you’re a commercial grower looking to build an IPM program or a plant enthusiast curious about the tiny creatures sharing your garden, this episode delivers practical wisdom with a side of wonder. Listen Time: ~45 minutes Consulte las Notas del Programa In This Episode Featured Guest Dr. Erich Schoeller — Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia. Erich specializes in controlled environment agriculture and integrated pest management for greenhouse and nursery production. His research focuses on biological control strategies for ornamental crops. Host Dr. Ping Yu — Assistant Professor and Ornamental Horticulture Extension Specialist, University of Georgia Main Topics Getting to Know Dr. Schoeller (00:49 - 07:15) Career journey: pharmacy school → marine biology → forestry → entomology Growing up in rural Wisconsin surrounded by nature Running through fields with a sweep net collecting insects His mom’s beautiful gardens sparking a love of plants Favorite Insect & Plant (06:16 - 09:36) Favorite insect: Tephritid fruit flies — brightly colored with fascinating wing patterns, remembered from childhood apple picking Favorite plant: Lilacs (Syringa) — his grandmother’s patio surrounded by lilacs created lasting memories of their spring fragrance The Greek mythology of Syringa: the nymph who escaped the god Pan by transforming into a lilac shrub What is IPM? (10:09 - 12:07) IPM = Integrated Pest Management (sometimes IPPM for Integrated Pest and Pathogen Management) A science-based decision support system aimed at reducing plant protection products to levels that are economically sustainable and safe for environment and human health A combination of tactics working together as a program Defining “Pests” (11:09 - 13:06) Arthropod pests: insects and mites (arachnids) Insects can vector plant pathogens — controlling pests often controls disease Weeds are pests too — they compete for resources AND harbor insects Simply put: anything unwanted causing economic damage to your crop Why Adopt IPM? (13:32 - 17:15) Pros: Reduces reliance on synthetic broad-spectrum insecticides Protects soil health and beneficial microorganisms Slows pesticide resistance development Safer for environment and human health The Resistance Problem: Insects reproduce rapidly (10-12 generations per year in warm climates) Hundreds of thousands of individuals = rapid evolution of resistance Over-reliance on single active ingredients breeds resistance Managing Resistance: Rotate products with different modes of action (check IRAC categories) Use maximum label rates to reduce surviving populations Don’t repeatedly use the same active ingredient The IPM Pyramid (17:16 - 21:24) Layer 1 — Prevention (Base): Crop rotation — don’t keep the same crop in the same greenhouse year-round Resistant varieties — plant breeders develop varieties less susceptible to pest damage Prevention is the best medicine — saves money by avoiding problems Layer 2 — Detection: Active scouting — walking through crops, thorough inspection, taking notes Passive scouting — sticky traps that attract and catch flying insects Document where and when problems occur for predictability Layer 3 — Control: Cultural/Mechanical control — sanitation, pruning, proper clothing, gloves Biological control — using living organisms to control pests Chemical control — the last resort (biorational → targeted → broad spectrum) Banker Plants vs. Trap Crops (23:07 - 26:05) Banker Plants (Biological Control): Non-crop plants placed in or adjacent to the crop Support natural enemies/biological control agents Help predators, parasitoids, and beneficial organisms thrive Trap Crops (Cultural Control): Plants more attractive to pests than your actual crop Pests prefer the trap crop, leaving your main crop alone Example: Sweet alyssum attracts thrips away from impatiens Can spray or destroy trap crop to eliminate concentrated pests Challenges of Ornamental IPM (26:23 - 30:07) Low tolerance for damage — ornamentals are sold for aesthetics; any visible pest damage reduces value Crop diversity — hundreds of different plants in a small space, each with different pest susceptibilities Complexity — many pests requiring many tactics in limited area Closed environments — in greenhouses, natural enemies can’t migrate when prey is depleted; populations collapse Cons of IPM: Can cost ~20% more than traditional chemical control Technically complex and requires ongoing education More frequent monitoring required Takes longer to work than broad-spectrum insecticides Biocontrol Examples (32:05 - 37:20) For Sweet Potato Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci): Parasitoid wasps: Encarsia formosa (developed in 1920s), Eretmocerus species Predatory beetles: Delphastus catalinae (family Coccinellidae) Predatory bugs: Orius insidiosus Commercial suppliers often provide mixes for best coverage For Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis): Predatory bugs: Orius insidiosus Predatory mites: Amblyseius swirskii No effective parasitoids available for thrips Generalist vs. Specialist Biocontrol: Swirskii and Orius are generalists — feed on thrips, whiteflies, spider mites But no “magic bullet” controls everything Specialists often more effective for specific pests Still need different solutions for mealybugs, scales, fungus gnats Four Keys to IPM Success (38:22 - 40:43) Education — Know what your options are and how they work; train your employees too Know Your Risks — Identify entry points for pests and susceptible crop locations; focus monitoring on high-risk areas Diligence — Scout weekly or bi-weekly; consistent detection prevents small problems becoming big ones Patience — IPM takes longer than chemical pesticides; give it time to work Future Research Directions (41:01 - 42:42) LED lighting effects on pest behavior (quality, spectrum, intensity) Nanobubble technology and higher oxygen environments Entomopathogenic nematodes in enhanced oxygen conditions Pest management in vertical farms and hydroponic systems Key Quotes “IPM is basically a science-based decision support system, which essentially aims to reduce the use of plant protection products to levels that are economically sustainable and that are safe for the environment and human health.” — Dr. Erich Schoeller “They often say prevention is the best medicine, right? It helps you deal with problems before they even arise, which will ultimately save you money.” — Dr. Erich Schoeller “If they don’t know what they’re looking for and don’t know how to properly document the problems, your whole IPM pyramid is going to basically collapse.” — Dr. Erich Schoeller “We might not have a natural enemy that controls everything, but we do have natural enemies that control one thing and they do it very well.” — Dr. Erich Schoeller “It’s not just for the IPM to work, basically for a lot of things in life. You kind of have to wait and see if this works.” — Dr. Ping Yu Educational Highlights What is IRAC? The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee categorizes pesticides by their mode of action — how they kill or affect pest physiology. When rotating products, choose different IRAC groups to slow resistance development. Check pesticide labels or the IRAC website for mode of action codes. Types of Biological Control Agents | Type | How It Works | Examples | |——|–––––––|–––––| | Predators | Hunt and eat pests directly | Orius bugs, Delphastus beetles, predatory mites | | Parasitoids | Lay eggs inside pests; larvae consume host from within | Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus wasps | | Entomopathogenic fungi | Infect and kill pests through fungal disease | Beauveria bassiana | | Entomopathogenic nematodes | Microscopic worms that infect soil-dwelling pests | Applied through irrigation or drenching | The Lilac Legend The scientific name for lilac, Syringa, comes from Greek mythology. The nymph Syringa transformed herself into a lilac shrub to escape the pursuing god Pan. Finding only the shrub, Pan fashioned its hollow stems into the first pan pipes (also called a syrinx). Lilacs are among the first to bloom in spring, symbolizing new life, the arrival of spring, and first love — especially in European traditions. Resources & Links AFE IPM Resources Sustainabloom IPM Industry Guide: sustainabloom.org/industry-guide/ipm AFE Thrips & Botrytis Resource Library: endowment.org/resource/tb — Guidance on building IPM programs plus resources for thrips and botrytis management AFE Grow Pro Webinar Series (IPM & Biocontrol): YouTube Playlist AFE Thrips & Botrytis Webinars: YouTube Playlist American Floral Endowment: endowment.org Connect with Dr. Schoeller Lab Website: schoellerlab.caes.uga.edu LinkedIn: Erich Schoeller UGA Entomology Faculty Profile: Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Show Links Website: bnbpod.com Show Notes: bnbpod.com Book Recommendation Lilac Girls by Martha Hall Kelly — A novel mentioned by Dr. Yu featuring lilacs in its setting About Blooms and Beyond Blooms and Beyond is a podcast that covers plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. Whether you’r

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 5 Episode Title: “The Plant Hunter: Inside the World of International Plant Exploration with Judson LeCompte” Episode Description Ever wonder how the plants at your local garden center made their way from a breeder’s field in Japan or a mountain in China to your backyard? In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with Dr. Judson LeCompte, Product Development Manager at Spring Meadow Nursery and international plant hunter for Proven Winners Color Choice. Judson shares the fascinating—and often hilarious—realities of traveling the globe to discover the next great shrub, rose, or hydrangea. From navigating USDA quarantine regulations to sneaking into hotel kitchens to learn how to cook Chinese food, Judson reveals what it really takes to be a plant hunter in the 21st century. Along the way, he offers invaluable advice for young horticulturists: get uncomfortable, build your network through IPPS, and never underestimate the power of showing up. Whether you’re a commercial grower curious about where new genetics come from, a student dreaming of a career in plant exploration, or simply someone who loves a good plant story, this episode pulls back the curtain on one of horticulture’s most unique careers. Listen Time: ~51 minutes In This Episode Featured Guest Dr. Judson LeCompte - Product Development Manager (Plant Hunter) at Spring Meadow Nursery, the woody plant provider for Proven Winners Color Choice. PhD in Horticulture from Mississippi State University. Originally from Alabama, now based in West Michigan. Main Topics Judson’s Journey to Plant Hunting (02:43 - 05:17) Introduction to horticulture through his grandmother, a daylily collector and hybridizer Volunteering at a nursery at age 14, paid in plants Education at Auburn University (BS, MS) and Mississippi State (PhD in tea production) Landing the “dream job” through an IPPS connection and a chance breakfast conversation What Does a Plant Hunter Actually Do? (06:42 - 11:48) Building a global network of partners and breeders Preparing for international trips—from finding contacts to booking flights on a phone The three levels of USDA/APHIS import regulations: Basic import with phytosanitary certificate Post-entry quarantine (2 years for hydrangeas, roses) Controlled import permits (specialized quarantine facilities) Plants typically take 5-10 years of evaluation before introduction Choosing Where to Explore (13:09 - 16:22) Following priority lists: what’s selling, what needs improvement Researching breeders through papers, social media, and native ranges Why some countries are easier to work with than others “I’m not climbing mountains with leeches—I’m looking for breeders who’ve done that hard work” Traits That Make a Great Plant (16:22 - 19:09) Consumer appeal and performance Compact size (smaller gardens, smaller truck footprint) Environmental friendliness: drought tolerance, disease resistance, insect resistance Foliage color for year-round interest Edibles that actually taste good “Best in class” for every plant in the catalog Working with 75+ External Breeders (19:09 - 22:44) Range from backyard hobbyists to university breeders like Tom Ranney Common pitfall: breeding for one trait while forgetting the rest Chinese breeders focused on plant patents for promotion—not sales The joy of finding overlooked gems in a breeder’s collection Delicate communication: “This is that breeder’s life work” Bridging Academia and Industry (22:44 - 28:20) Helping young faculty understand promotion requirements Why academics should work at garden centers End caps reveal what excites consumers The breeder fee and marketing fee model at Proven Winners How marketing dollars flow back to drive demand Culture Shock and Culinary Adventures (28:20 - 34:09) China’s biggest culture shock—but it’s changed dramatically in 15 years Drawing the line at horse sushi Recreating favorite dishes at home after every trip Sneaking into hotel kitchens to watch chefs cook “If it’s good enough for the local people, it’s good enough for me” The Rose Revolution (39:28 - 45:18) Traditional rose breeding funneled through European rose houses Breaking the mold with Pheno Geno Roses (Netherlands/Serbia partnership) Four PhD women in Serbia doing “amazing work” The Flavor Line: edible roses that actually taste good Managing the Veterans Memorial Rose Garden at Mississippi State Rose rosette disease: not as disastrous as first thought Trialing philosophy: “death and destruction” to find the strong ones Does a PhD Help? (45:18 - 47:53) “I never went to college with the goal of getting a PhD” Graduating during the recession—grower jobs paid less than Home Depot What academia teaches: perseverance, navigating gray areas, building bridges You don’t need a PhD for this job—just plant knowledge, people skills, and willingness to travel Advice for Young Horticulturists (47:53 - 49:29) Join IPPS—every job and assistantship traces back to those connections Never take an introduction for granted Build your network: phone numbers, Facebook, LinkedIn Find a mentor doing what you want to do “You really only got one chance to burn a bridge” Key Quotes “I’m a six-year-old everywhere I go. I have a lot of fun visiting my breeders and my friends.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte “I think being uncomfortable for certainly a young horticulturist is a great thing.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte “We definitely believe in the IPPS motto of seeking and sharing. And we think that by sharing with our partners, we raise all the tides.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte “There’s no perfect plant. Everything in the catalog needs to be replaced. There has to be an improvement.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte “So I’m really just a talent scout. My job is to make breeders successful. And if they’re successful, then they keep bringing us plants.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte “You really only got one chance to burn a bridge. And it could screw up your entire career.” — Dr. Judson LeCompte Educational Highlights USDA/APHIS Import Regulations (Three Levels) Level 1: Standard Import Requires phytosanitary certificate from country of origin Import permit from USDA Relatively straightforward process Level 2: Post-Entry Quarantine Required for medium-risk plants (hydrangeas, roses) Plants held at approved nursery or university site Typically 2-year quarantine period Multiple inspections per year Level 3: Controlled Import Permit Most stringent requirements Specialized quarantine facility required Threat screening, monthly inspections All runoff water must be collected and treated USDA provides program if nursery lacks facilities What Spring Meadow Looks For in New Plants Consumer appeal - Must look good at point of sale Consumer performance - Must perform in the landscape Compact habit - Industry trending toward smaller plants Environmental traits - Drought tolerance, disease/insect resistance Foliage interest - Color that changes throughout the year Seasonality - Looking good when people are shopping (spring/summer) Best in class - Must be the best version of that plant type The Breeder Fee Model When Proven Winners sells a plant, they collect: Breeder fee - Goes directly to the plant’s breeder Marketing fee - Builds a budget to remarket that plant This creates a virtuous cycle: successful plants generate marketing dollars that drive more sales, which benefits growers who don’t need their own marketing departments. Resources & Links Connect with Judson: Email: judson@springmeadownursery.com Spring Meadow Nursery: springmeadownursery.com Organizations Mentioned: IPPS (International Plant Propagators’ Society) - Southern Region ASHS (American Society for Horticultural Science) Raulston Arboretum - Host of the Southeastern Plant Symposium Breeders & Companies Referenced: Spring Meadow Nursery / Proven Winners Color Choice Pheno Geno Roses (Netherlands/Serbia) J. Berry Nursery (Texas) Tom Ranney - NC State University Chris Warner - UK rose breeder Mr. Suzuki - Japanese loropetalum breeder Conard-Pyle / Star Roses Monrovia Regulatory Resources: USDA APHIS Plants for Planting Manual (online) Visit the Show: Website: bandbpod.com Show notes and additional resources at bandbpod.com Plant Spotlight: Loropetalum 🌸 Judson shared the story of pursuing loropetalum breeder Mr. Suzuki in Japan for years—even “stalking” his house on Google Maps! The persistence paid off when he finally joined Proven Winners and could sit down for tea with his “rock star” breeder. Loropetalum chinense, commonly called Chinese fringe flower, is prized for: Striking purple/burgundy foliage Delicate, ribbon-like flowers Compact cultivars for smaller gardens Year-round color interest About Blooms and Beyond Blooms and Beyond is a podcast that covers plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. Whether you’re a commercial grower looking for management solutions, a student exploring horticulture careers, or someone who just loves plants and their stories, you’ll find something here for you. Hosted by Dr. Ping Yu from the University of Georgia, each episode features interviews with experts who bring enchanting stories, pioneering research, and practical wisdom from the world of horticulture. Your Takeaway: When you walk away from each episode, commercial professionals should have at least one piece of advice to help with production, and plant enthusiasts should have one cool fact to share about plants. Because that’s how we spread plant power to a larger audience and make the environment a little bit better. Credits Host: Dr. Ping Yu Featured Guest: Dr. Judson LeCompte, Spring Meadow Nursery / Proven Winners Color Choice Producer: Rich Braman, UGA Center for Urban Agriculture Episode Release Date: January 4th, 2026 Episode Length: 51:30 “Till next time, stay healthy and go plants!” 🌱 Connect & Support Love what you’re hearing? Subscribe on your favorite podcast platform Leave a review to help others

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 6 Episode Title: “The Queen of Flowers: From HVAC Engineer to Peony Scientist with Dr. Emily Zhou” Episode Description What happens when an HVAC engineer falls in love with plants and earns a PhD studying one of the world’s most beloved flowers? In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with Dr. Emily Zhou, assistant professor at the University of Central Missouri, to explore her remarkable journey from engineering in China to pioneering peony research in the United States. Peonies have captivated cultures for over 4,000 years—from ancient Chinese poetry to modern American weddings. But growing these stunning “queens of the flower world” isn’t easy. Dr. Zhou’s groundbreaking research reveals how growers can slash production time from 18 months to just 5-6 months using the right combination of chilling treatments and plant growth regulators. Whether you’re a commercial producer looking to hit the Valentine’s Day market or a plant enthusiast dreaming of growing peonies in the South, this episode is packed with practical wisdom and enchanting plant stories. Discover why peonies need cold to bloom, how a $120 yellow peony in a one-gallon pot reflects the plant’s precious nature, and what it means when a plant scientist says she still thinks like an engineer. This is plant power at its finest! Listen Time: ~46 minutes Consulte las Notas del Programa 🌸 This Episode is Sponsored by AFE This episode in our first season is made possible through an educational grant from the American Floral Endowment, whose research priorities helped shape the topics that are featured. To learn more about AFE and access their research and educational resources, visit their website at endowment.org. Featured AFE Resource: DLI Maps and Free DLI Poster — Understanding Daily Light Integral is essential for greenhouse production. Access these free tools at endowment.org. In This Episode Featured Guest Dr. Emily Zhou — Assistant Professor, University of Central Missouri, Department of Agriculture. Former R&D Scientist at Bowery Farming (indoor vertical farm). PhD research focused on herbaceous peony production, vernalization, and plant growth regulators. Background in HVAC engineering with 10+ years industry experience before transitioning to horticulture. Main Topics Dr. Zhou’s Unique Journey (01:02 - 07:40) From HVAC engineer in China and European companies to plant scientist Arriving in the U.S. in 2002 and discovering Virginia Tech’s horticulture program Filling the gap: taking undergraduate and graduate courses to build plant science foundation The moment of asking “What do you love? What is your passion?” How engineering and horticulture came together in controlled environment agriculture Why Peony Is Her Favorite Plant (07:40 - 10:10) “I gained my Doctor of Philosophy out of that” Four years of PhD research requiring data collection through every holiday season The beauty of watching a crown develop into the most beautiful flower Horticultural therapy: plants adding value to mental and spiritual wellbeing Peony History: From China to the World (11:18 - 14:00) Native to China with 3,000-4,000 years of cultivation history Appears in ancient Chinese poetry as a flower of love Medicinal uses: white root peony and red root peony for herbal medicine Peak cultivation during Tang and Song dynasties around the Yellow River Luoyang’s 1,300-year-old peony gardens still thriving today Spread to Japan, then Europe in late 1800s, then America in early 19th century Why Peonies Are Expensive (14:00 - 17:30) Limited cultivars adapted to southern climates Yellow peony cultivar: $120 for a small one-gallon pot (2017) Cut flower value: over $6 per stem for weddings American Peony Society registers thousands of herbaceous cultivars Tree peony, herbaceous peony, and Itoh hybrids offer diverse options Requires skill to grow well—“queen of the flowers” for a reason Cultural Significance (16:55 - 18:20) Top 10 most famous flowers in China, representing prosperity Tree peony is China’s national flower In the U.S.: symbolizes freedom, pioneering spirit, and true love Used extensively in weddings “It’s not just the plant, it’s everything about the plant” The Science of Vernalization (18:20 - 25:30) Peonies are geophytes (underground storage organs) like tulips and daffodils Underground crown develops buds during summer after flowering Buds set by September/October—critical not to cut foliage too early Without adequate chilling, plants grow shoots but no flowers Natural chilling depends on weather; controlled chilling provides consistency Zone 6 and below: natural chilling sufficient Zone 7: borderline—may need supplemental chilling Forcing for Valentine’s Day (22:05 - 28:10) Controlled chilling: 3 weeks (21 days) at 40°F is sufficient Sarah Bernhardt cultivar: #1 cut flower worldwide, 50% of peony market After chilling, greenhouse forcing produces flowers in about 2 months Netherlands is biggest producer; U.S. growers in Oregon, Washington, Great Lakes region Southern growers must use forced chilling to hit Valentine’s market Shortening Production with GA3 (28:11 - 31:15) Traditional containerized production: 18 months for marketable plants Gibberellic acid (GA3) can replace some chilling requirement Ideal concentration: 100 parts per million, applied as drench Best timing: one week after finishing chilling, when moving to greenhouse Result: Production shortened to 5-6 months (Valentine’s supply: 3-4 months) Cost: less than 10 cents per pot “You can do a thousand pots in one day” Plant Retardants for Compact Plants (31:17 - 39:50) Problem: Heavy flower heads droop, especially in rain/wind Shipping/handling issues: tall stems crack, expensive plants unsellable Solution: Plant growth retardants (uniconazole, paclobutrazol) Uniconazole more effective than paclobutrazol for herbaceous peonies Application: 15 ppm uniconazole, 12 oz drench per one-gallon container Benefits: More compact, stronger stems, greener foliage, more marketable Apply after chilling—not as pre-plant dip (preserves fungicide treatment) Drench method best: ensures uniform application across variable plant sizes Controlled Environment Agriculture (39:54 - 43:15) Few people doing CEA when Dr. Zhou started her PhD Postdoc: Built indoor vertical farm, conducted hydroponic research Industry experience at Bowery Farming as R&D scientist Why many vertical farms have failed: “We don’t know enough” Engineers want universal systems; plant scientists know each plant needs different conditions Returned to academia to train next generation of growers and researchers Key Highlights Dr. Zhou’s PhD took 4 years because peony research requires waiting a full year between trials Sarah Bernhardt peony occupies 50% of the worldwide cut flower peony market GA3 treatment can reduce peony production from 18 months to 5-6 months at less than 10 cents per pot Uniconazole drench at 15 ppm creates compact, marketable plants with stronger stems Zone 7 is the “borderline”—growers there may need both GA3 and forced chilling China has cultivated peonies for 3,000-4,000 years; tree peony is China’s national flower The Netherlands is the world’s biggest peony producer; U.S. production centers in Pacific Northwest and Great Lakes Key Quotes “I gained my Doctor of Philosophy out of that… I took so long a time and so much effort on this. And it’s rewarding. It is such a beautiful plant.” — Dr. Emily Zhou “They are speaking two different languages, but I know both of them.” — Dr. Emily Zhou, on bridging engineering and plant science “It’s not just the plant, it’s everything about the plant.” — Dr. Ping Yu, on plant power “We don’t know enough. And my idea is going back to academia being a professor.” — Dr. Emily Zhou, on why vertical farms struggle and why education matters “You just learn the things, you never know when one day you can use them.” — Dr. Emily Zhou Educational Highlights What is Vernalization? Vernalization is the process where plants require a period of cold temperatures to trigger flowering. For peonies, this means exposure to temperatures around 40°F (4°C) for several weeks. Without adequate chilling, peonies will grow vegetative shoots but won’t produce flowers. Key Plant Growth Regulators for Peony Production | Chemical | Function | Concentration | Application | |–––––|–––––|—————|———––| | Gibberellic Acid (GA3) | Replaces some chilling requirement, promotes flowering | 100 ppm | Drench, after chilling | | Uniconazole | Growth retardant—compact plants, stronger stems | 15 ppm | Drench, 12 oz/pot | | Paclobutrazol | Growth retardant (less effective on peonies) | Variable | Drench | Hardiness Zone Guide for Peony Chilling Zone 6 and below: Natural chilling sufficient Zone 7: Borderline—may benefit from GA3 + forced chilling Zone 8+: Requires forced chilling in cold room (40°F for 3 weeks minimum) Peony Types Herbaceous Peony: Dies back to ground each winter, most common for cut flowers Tree Peony: Woody stems persist; China’s national flower Itoh Peony: Hybrid of tree and herbaceous; best characteristics of both Resources & Links Connect with Dr. Emily Zhou: LinkedIn: Search “Emily Zhou University of Central Missouri” University of Central Missouri, Department of Agriculture Research Publications: Virginia Tech Extension publications on peony production and GA3 application (Links to be added in show notes at bandbpod.com) AFE Resources for This Episode: DLI Maps: Interactive Daily Light Integral maps to help growers understand light availability by location — visit endowment.org Free DLI Poster: Download AFE’s free Daily Light Integral poster for your greenhouse or classroom Explore more research and educational resources at endowment.org Organizations Mentioned: American Peony Society (cultivar registration) Battlefield Farms, Virginia (commercial peony production) Bowery Farming (indoor vertical farming) Visit the Show: Websi

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 7 Episode Title: “Beyond the Blue Jacket: FFA, Service & Growing the Whole Student with Renee’ Martin” Episode Description What do chainsaw safety, cricket flour brownies, and a grandmother’s unwavering belief in her grandson’s potential all have in common? They’re all part of the extraordinary world of FFA — and in this episode, Renee’ Martin brings that world to life with warmth, wisdom, and a heart as big as the program itself. Join host Dr. Ping Yu and guest Renee’ Martin — former agriculture teacher, current PhD candidate, and lifelong FFA advocate — as they explore how agricultural education shapes not just careers, but whole human beings. From Renee’s roots in rural Southeast Georgia to her groundbreaking work in agricultural wellness and student mental health, this conversation reveals why FFA is so much more than blue jackets and livestock shows. It’s about service, community, critical thinking, and the kind of mentorship that can change the course of a life. Whether you’re a grower curious about the next generation entering your industry, a teacher looking for encouragement, a student wondering what path to take, or a plant lover who wants to understand how the people behind horticulture are shaped — this episode has something powerful waiting for you. Listen Time: ~51 minutes In This Episode Featured Guest Renee’ Martin — PhD Candidate in Agricultural Leadership, Education & Communication (ALEC), University of Georgia; School Climate Specialist at Okefenokee RESA (Regional Educational Service Agency); former agriculture education teacher with 10 years of experience across middle and high school; 20+ years of FFA involvement Host Dr. Ping Yu — Assistant Professor and Ornamental Horticulture Extension Specialist, University of Georgia Renee’s Story: From Papa’s Garden to a PhD (01:08 – 04:41) Renee’ grew up in Waycross, a small town in Southeast Georgia, where her grandfather’s garden first planted the seeds of agricultural curiosity. She attended the Ware County School of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Sciences — a K-12 magnet school where students progressed from elementary introductions through advanced greenhouse management, animal showing, forestry, and even prescribed burning by high school. That pipeline of deepening experiences, combined with FFA, set the course for her career. What Is FFA? The Three-Circle Model (04:41 – 09:52) FFA — originally Future Farmers of America, now the National FFA Organization (renamed in the 1980s to reflect a broadened mission) — is built on a three-circle model: classroom instruction, Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs), and FFA activities. Renee’ explains a critical distinction: FFA is intracurricular, not extracurricular — it’s woven directly into the curriculum standards, not tacked on. The program is available in middle school and high school, and Georgia is pioneering programs at the elementary level. The goal isn’t to make every student a farmer; it’s to develop agricultural advocates and leaders who understand where their food, fiber, and natural resources come from. The FFA Mission & Motto (09:52 – 11:48) Renee’ shares the FFA mission — to make a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agriculture education — and the motto that students truly live out: “Learning to do, doing to learn, earning to live, and living to serve.” She describes how the motto maps onto the student experience: learn the basics, put them into action, build career skills, and ultimately give back to your community. Skills, Service & Disaster Response (11:48 – 16:05) FFA teaches both technical skills (greenhouse management, animal science, small engine maintenance, chainsaw operation, generator safety) and the soft skills that employers consistently rank highest: communication, collaboration, time management, leadership, and simply showing up on time. But the conversation really lights up around service. From Hurricane Katrina in 2005 — when FFA chapters across the country raised money and shipped supplies — to Hurricane Helene in 2024, when students taught community members how to safely operate chainsaws and generators, FFA cultivates a deep heart of giving back. Ping shares her own experience calling South Georgia growers during Helene and witnessing the agricultural community rally around each other. SAE: Bridging Students & Industry (16:05 – 18:17) Supervised Agricultural Experiences are the bridge between classroom learning and the real working world. Renee’ shares the story of visiting a student’s SAE project on Sapelo Island — accessible only by ferry — at age 22, and describes a student who began an SAE at a veterinary clinic cleaning cages, progressed to assisting with procedures, and eventually became a paid intern over three years. SAEs represent a community investment in the future workforce, connecting students with mentors and industry partners in authentic settings. Baby Michael: An FFA Family Story (18:17 – 22:19) In one of the episode’s most moving moments, Renee’ shares the story of “Baby Michael” — a student she taught at Ware County who was being raised by his grandmother. His grandmother believed deeply in FFA, always having his official dress ready on a moment’s notice. When she passed away during his early college years, Michael folded into Renee’ and her husband’s family — becoming, in every sense, their son. Today, Baby Michael is an agriculture teacher himself and a program specialist at FFA Camp Covington. Renee’ also shares how multiple middle school students who competed in agriscience fairs through her program have become Foundation Scholars at UGA, conducting their own research. From Teaching to Mental Health Research (22:19 – 28:35) After a decade of classroom teaching, Renee’ transitioned to Okefenokee RESA as a school climate specialist, working across nine districts in Southeast Georgia on wraparound services — ensuring students have food, water, shelter, and clothing. This work exposed gaps in how pre-service teachers are prepared to handle student mental health, behavior management, and relationship building. Her PhD research now focuses on how agriculture teachers — who often see the same students from 6th through 12th grade — are uniquely positioned to recognize student needs, create safe classroom spaces, and support the whole child in ways other subject teachers often can’t. Advice for New Ag Teachers (28:35 – 30:58) Renee’ offers grounded, generous wisdom for teachers just starting out: avoid comparing your first year to an established program that took decades to build. Pick your core focus areas in year one and add gradually. Give yourself grace. Give your students grace. And her signature advice? “Don’t die on the hill of the pencil” — if a kid needs a pencil, just give them the pencil. Don’t take student behavior personally; they may be carrying something from outside your classroom. Build relationships from day one rather than waiting. And rethink grading — meaningful projects over busy work, always. Modern Challenges & Social Media Pressure (30:58 – 33:43) Today’s students face pressures previous generations didn’t. Social media creates constant comparison culture and a stream of world stressors that Renee’ describes as “the news six inches from your face at all times on a personalized screen.” Teachers feel it too — the pressure to make elaborate social media content for plant sales, greenhouse tours, and program promotion. Renee’s message is clear: what you see on social media doesn’t have to be your reality, and it probably took 47 takes to get that cute dance video. Follow your own path. Evolving Careers in Agriculture (33:43 – 37:15) Agricultural careers have expanded far beyond traditional farming. Renee’ points to paths in agricultural communications, LED lighting research, marine biology, and government leadership — including a friend who holds a high-level position with the Tennessee Department of Agriculture through an agricultural communications degree. The key she teaches students: “What skills do I have? What do I like? How do I merge them?” Jobs are constantly evolving (the shift from HPS to LED lighting alone revolutionized an entire sector), and the students who learn to adapt and think critically will thrive. Critical Thinking & Real-World Problems (37:15 – 39:23) The agriscience fair teaches students to tackle actual problems — not hypothetical ones. Renee’ highlights a project where students made cricket flour brownies to address protein deficiency and climate change simultaneously, learning the what, why, and how of genuine problem-solving. With climate change visibly altering landscapes and the whole food system growing more complex (feed and grain to cattle to marketing to grocery to plate), critical thinking isn’t optional — it’s essential. AI in Education: Tool, Not Crutch (39:23 – 43:48) AI is here, and the agricultural education community is navigating it head-on. Renee’ describes teaching students (and colleagues) to build a knowledge base so they can recognize when AI generates impossible information — like a plant “five times the size of a building.” She notes the emergence of agriculture-specific AI tools like Breeze ETA alongside general platforms like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. Her advice: “Use AI for organization, not creation” — it will make up citations and invent facts. The goal is teaching students to verify, think critically, and use AI as a tool to master rather than a crutch to rely on. Future Plans & Building Agricultural Wellness (43:48 – 47:48) Renee’ is graduating in May 2026 and has a full slate ahead: conference presentations in Costa Rica, Cuba, and Kentucky, plus growing work with the Georgia Agricultural Wellness Alliance. She’s teaching Youth Mental Health First Aid and QPR (Question, Persuade, Refer) suicide prevention t

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 8 Episode Title: “Mite Watch: Spider Mite Management Secrets from 45 Years in the Greenhouse with Dr. Lance Osborne” Episode Description What do you get when you combine 45 years of greenhouse research, a PhD on whiteflies, and an unstoppable curiosity about every tiny creature crawling through Florida’s ornamental industry? You get Dr. Lance Osborne—one of the true icons of greenhouse pest management. In this episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with her former colleague at the University of Florida’s Mid-Florida Research and Education Center (MREC) to dig deep into the world of spider mites. From their rapid life cycles and sneaky dispersal tactics to the “six-bullet” chemical rotation strategy and the power of predatory mites like californicus and persimilis, Lance brings decades of field-tested wisdom that every grower can put to work. Along the way, you’ll hear why sticky cards are useless for mites (use beans instead!), how banker plants revolutionize biocontrol, and why the best career advice from a 45-year veteran starts with “be a pain in the ass” and ends with building trust. Plus: Lance reveals his newest excitement—discovering unknown natural enemies of mealybugs by hiding plants in the bushes and seeing what shows up. That’s real plant power in action! Listen Time: ~50:46 Consulte las Notas del Programa In This Episode Guest Dr. Lance Osborne — Entomologist and Researcher, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center (MREC), University of Florida, near Orlando. Nearly 45 years of greenhouse pest management research with expertise in spider mites, whiteflies, and biological control. PhD from UC Davis on greenhouse whitefly biocontrol using Encarsia formosa. Host Dr. Ping Yu — Assistant Professor and Ornamental Horticulture Extension Specialist, University of Georgia Lance’s Journey to Entomology (01:00 – 03:25) Growing up as a “wild kid” in Cape Canaveral, Florida—running around outside all day collecting insects Headed to UC Davis for pre-vet, but couldn’t handle the blood and gore Switched to working with other organisms, but they kept going extinct—so he turned to insects (“I knew I wouldn’t have to worry about losing them”) PhD on greenhouse whitefly biocontrol with Encarsia formosa, followed by a mosquito postdoc (“It’s no fun collecting 10,000 mosquitoes off my leg every morning”) Hired at MREC for spider mite work and has been there ever since Florida vs. California & Favorite Pest (03:25 – 05:50) Florida described as “a zoo” with something crawling everywhere—perfect for someone with a short attention span who loves variety Favorite pest leans toward whiteflies, but spider mites were the job he was hired to do Told he’d “never work on whiteflies” in Florida—five years later, whiteflies arrived anyway (“I didn’t bring them, I swear”) Why Spider Mites Are the Top Greenhouse Challenge (05:50 – 08:24) A Georgia study by Will Hudson confirmed spider mites are the most-sprayed pests in ornamentals nationwide Spider mite management is the foundation of any IPM program Florida’s year-round warm temperatures mean no diapause, no winter break in the life cycle As you reduce pesticide pressure for one pest, others emerge—it’s been “an ongoing saga” Spider Mite Life Cycle (08:24 – 09:45) Five stages: egg → larva → protonymph → deutonymph → adult Generation time as short as two weeks in warm conditions, up to 40–50 days in cold Temperature is the primary driver of development speed Each immature stage has a resting/molting phase where it doesn’t feed How Spider Mites Damage Plants (09:45 – 12:10) Mites penetrate plant cells and remove fluids, killing cells one at a time Damage appears as yellow stippling that coalesces as populations grow All life stages feed and cause damage—adults just cause the most because they’re bigger Lance’s memorable analogy: “I do more damage on eating the steak at my house than my kids do—because I’m bigger” Webbing, Silk & Dispersal (12:10 – 13:31) Heavy populations produce webbing as a dispersal mechanism when the plant declines Silk strands carry mites on wind currents to new plants Mites hitchhike on clothing, pets, and equipment If you can see webbing, you’re already in trouble—the damage won’t go away Scouting & Early Detection (13:31 – 15:06) Turn leaves over—mites prefer the underside First visible sign is usually yellow stippling on the leaf surface Invest in a quality hand lens ($40–50), not cheap plastic ones from trade shows Especially critical now with broad mites and chilli thrips (thrips parvispinus) requiring magnification Look for opalescent white spherical eggs that appear to float on webbing Dead mite bodies indicate predatory mites may already be at work Host Range (15:06 – 16:27) Extremely wide: croton, dieffenbachia, gerbera daisy, poinsettia (Lewis mite), hibiscus, beans, solanaceous crops Tetranychus evansi (tomato red spider mite) specifically targets tomatoes and eggplant “If I have a plant, I can probably get a mite to go on it” Chemical Control & Resistance (16:27 – 20:06) No magic bullet—resistance can be localized to individual greenhouses First step: confirm the pest identification and assess infestation level Remove heavily infested plants entirely (“a lost cause is just a waste of time and money”) Scout after treatment to verify the chemical actually worked Some chemicals like Avid act slowly—mites may look alive but are dead on their feet (“You could touch them and they’d fall over like tipping cattle”) Some newer products take up to seven days—patience and record-keeping are essential The Six-Bullet Rotation Strategy (20:06 – 23:50) Lance’s philosophy: “It’s like a gun—you’ve only got six bullets” Rotate chemistry class every 4–5 days for active infestations Use 3–4 different modes of action maximum (not more) With 5–6 chemicals in rotation, the odds increase that one is a “dud” the mites are resistant to, breaking your cycle Consider residual activity—don’t switch too quickly or you’re just layering the same chemistry Scout after every application to confirm efficacy Nymphal stages are most susceptible to chemical treatment; eggs are least susceptible Neem oil: Lance is “not that excited” about it for mites Even water and soap can knock off small larvae Biocontrol: The Predatory Mite Playbook (23:50 – 26:02) Lance is a lifelong biocontrol advocate, working on it since day one at MREC His predecessor Dr. Hamlen pioneered work with Phytoseiulus persimilis and Phytoseiulus macropilis (indigenous to Florida) Californicus (Neoseiulus californicus): Lance’s top recommendation Generalist feeder—survives on one egg per day Can establish in crops and persist even when spider mite populations are low More tolerant of pesticide residues than persimilis Selected strains are highly resistant to bifenthrin/Talstar “Let them be your scouts”—release before you even find spider mites Persimilis (Phytoseiulus persimilis): The knockout specialist More voracious than californicus, knocks populations down faster Highly host-specific—only feeds on two-spotted spider mites and a few others Extremely sensitive to pesticides (“You open a bottle across the room and they almost die”) Best used in combination with californicus for heavy infestations Banker Plants & Feltiella Midges (26:02 – 29:29) Banker plant systems maintain biocontrol populations in the greenhouse year-round Feltiella acarisuga (predatory midge): remarkable searcher that flies throughout the greenhouse Can locate spider mites on a new plant across the greenhouse within three days In Florida outdoors, colonizes mite-infested plants within two weeks Complements predatory mites—flies where crawling mites can’t reach Combination approach: midges search the whole greenhouse while predatory mites work locally Integrating Bio & Chemical Control (29:29 – 34:09) Certain soft chemicals (like Sultan) can be used alongside predators For growers new to biocontrol: use chemicals at end of crop cycle to “clean up” before shipping Biocontrol suppliers have trained field staff who know which predators tolerate which chemicals—use them as resources Extension agents, university researchers, and experienced growers can help get programs started Start small: put a bean plant in the nursery, let mites colonize, add predators, and observe Disney World successfully used persimilis on roses but learned biocontrol isn’t a universal “cure-all” The biggest hurdle for growers: lack of training and resources, though consultants are rapidly increasing Cultural Practices for Prevention (34:09 – 40:20) Quarantine incoming plants: don’t spread new material throughout the nursery immediately Dip new plant material: 1% dish soap solution (local growers use Publix brand) controls mealybugs, spider mites, and aphids on unrooted cuttings with no disease increase Manage dust: mites thrive along roads where dust coats webbing and protects them Eliminate pet plants: untreated personal plants in greenhouses become pest reservoirs Control weeds in aisles: untreated weeds harbor pest populations Water management: high-pressure water can dislodge mites Pruning: mites prefer new growth; opening the canopy improves spray coverage Spray coverage is critical: build custom nozzles spraying both up and down; don’t rely solely on translaminar or systemic products like Kontos Indicator plants over sticky cards: bean plants show mite damage quickly; sticky cards “catch more scouts than spider mites” Water-sensitive indicator cards placed under leaves reveal whether spray coverage is actually reaching the target Advice for Growers & Junior Faculty (40:20 – 45:07) For growers: “Be a pain in the ass”—researchers and extension specialists are here to help and don’t get enough visitors MREC runs a plant clinic every Tuesday Seeing younger people bring plants in is encouraging Be excited, seek out people who can help, build relationships For junior faculty: Be inquisitive, curious,

Blooms and Beyond - Season 1, Episode 9 Episode Title: “Hopping Into Action: Clemson Scientists Tackle the Two-Spotted Cotton Leafhopper” Episode Description What happens when a tiny, five-millimeter insect from the Old World shows up uninvited across the American Southeast — and starts hammering everything from cotton fields to backyard hibiscus? In this urgent and information-packed episode, Dr. Ping Yu sits down with two Clemson University entomologists — Dr. Zee Ahmed and Dr. Tom Bilbo — to break down one of the most pressing pest threats facing the green industry, vegetable growers, and cotton producers right now: the two-spotted cotton leafhopper. From Zee’s globe-spanning journey through Pakistan, China, South Africa, and beyond to Tom’s transformation from a spider-fearing kid to an insect-loving scientist, you’ll hear the personal stories behind the expertise. Then, the conversation dives deep into what growers need to know: how to spot this pest, why hibiscus may be driving its spread, and what early research is revealing about control strategies. The message? The sky is not falling — but scouting, scouting, and scouting is essential. Whether you’re a commercial nursery grower worried about quarantine, an okra farmer watching your plants wilt, or just someone curious about how scientists respond to an emerging invasive pest in real time, this episode delivers the practical wisdom and collaborative spirit that makes plant science so powerful. Listen Time: ~55 minutes Read the Transcript for this Episode In This Episode Meet Your Guests Dr. Zee Ahmed — Assistant Professor, Turf and Ornamental Entomology, Clemson University. Focus: sustainable pest management that is safe and cost-effective. Journey: Pakistan → Guangzhou, China → Pretoria, South Africa → University of Florida → FL Department of Agriculture → USDA Fort Pierce → Clemson. Dr. Tom Bilbo — Assistant Professor, Vegetable and Strawberry Entomology, Clemson University, Coastal Research and Education Center, Charleston, SC. Focus: biological control, insecticide resistance, and improving insecticide use. Journey: Denison University → studied abroad in Ecuador → PhD at Clemson. Personal Journeys (01:12 – 07:41) Zee’s memories of collecting dragonflies in primary school in Pakistan Tom’s childhood fear of spiders — turned into a love of entomology through a great college teacher (Tom Schultz) and studying abroad Zee’s remarkable academic journey across four continents and three postdoctoral stops A funny detour: learning “duōshao qián” (“how much?”) before “nǐ hǎo” to bargain in Chinese markets How They Found the Pest (07:47 – 12:56) Francis Reay-Jones bringing a cotton sample to Zee’s office — the first alert A hibiscus grower at a farmer’s market with over 100 infested plants Tom’s experience: the pest appeared in South Carolina seemingly overnight, found on nearly every okra farm Agent Zach Snipes surveying counties and discovering widespread infestation Timeline: first reported in the Caribbean, then Florida (2024), now across most Southeastern states (2025) Comparison to thrips parvispinus quarantine situation in Florida Biology and Identification (13:01 – 24:08) Adult size: less than 5 mm with two distinctive black spots on posterior wings Five nymphal instars, each lasting 2–3 days on hibiscus Egg to adult development: approximately 2–3 weeks on hibiscus Males live ~13–14 days; females live slightly longer Eggs laid inside the leaf — invisible to the naked eye Damage symptom: “hopper burn” — yellowing, curling, wilting of leaves Host range: polyphagous, with strong preference for Malvaceae family (cotton, hibiscus, okra) and Solanaceae (eggplant); also found on cucurbits (zucchini) Why hibiscus matters: ornamental trade moves plants (and the pest) across regions — a potential dispersal driver Scouting and Detection (24:12 – 36:12) Start with symptom observation: yellowing, wilting, curling Flip leaves — look at the underside along the midrib for tiny yellowish nymphs Adults hop away when disturbed; immatures move side-to-side in a distinctive way Hand lens (10–30x) essential for early detection Weekly scouting critical because eggs hatch in 6–9 days and are invisible Sticky cards: Tom’s student Sabina Parajuli found strong correlation between sticky card counts and plant counts in a zucchini trial — promising monitoring tool Equip yourself with Zee’s GrowerTalks field guide before scouting Management Strategies (36:17 – 49:44) Cultural practices: Still early — scouting and inspecting incoming plant material are the top recommendations; cover crop residue showed fewer leafhoppers in preliminary data; mulch trials for thrips parvispinus suggest possible crossover strategies; variety resistance data anticipated in the future Biological control: Limited data; conserve natural enemies (lady beetles and other predators observed); avoid broad-spectrum insecticides (especially pyrethroids) Chemical control: Six treatments tested on hibiscus using different IRAC groups (contact, translaminar, systemic); translaminars and systemics performed better against nymphs; most products effective against adults; key principle — match treatment to life stage; follow-up sprays needed because eggs survive initial application; results published in GrowerTalks (December issue) The bottom line from Zee: “Sky is not falling. We can control this pest based on our trial.” Future Plans: A Collaborative Response (49:50 – 53:53) Clemson’s internal coordination: Zee (ornamentals), Tom (vegetables), Francis Reay-Jones and Jeremy Green (cotton) Building a multi-state Southeast working group with researchers from Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina Lab bioassays for deeper efficacy testing Extension articles and social media outreach Tom’s vision: quickly generating recommendations on insecticides, mulches, cultivar susceptibility, and seasonal timing through collaborative research Key Quotes “So yes, I was a nerdy nature guy.” — Dr. Zee Ahmed, on collecting dragonflies as a child in Pakistan “I was afraid of spiders and I had my parents do a spider check in my room, you know, every night. But now I love spiders.” — Dr. Tom Bilbo “Sky is not falling. We can control this pest based on our trial.” — Dr. Zee Ahmed “Scouting, scouting, and scouting.” — Dr. Zee Ahmed, on the most important thing growers can do right now “A lot of people didn’t realize what the problem was until one of our agents would get out there and be like, you have the new invasive. It’s here.” — Dr. Tom Bilbo Educational Highlights What Is the Two-Spotted Cotton Leafhopper? An invasive pest (less than 5 mm) originally from the Old World, identified by two distinctive black spots on its posterior wings. It attacks plants in the Malvaceae family (cotton, hibiscus, okra), Solanaceae (eggplant), and has been found on cucurbits. First reported in the U.S. in 2024, it has spread across most Southeastern states. What Is “Hopper Burn”? The characteristic damage caused by leafhoppers feeding on plant tissue — symptoms include yellowing, browning, curling, and wilting of leaves. On hibiscus, the burn may be less severe than on cotton but still renders plants unsaleable. Why Can’t You See the Eggs? Unlike many pests, this leafhopper lays its eggs inside the leaf tissue, making them invisible from the outside. This means a plant can look clean but still harbor the next generation — which is why regular scouting (at least weekly) is critical. IRAC Groups and Mode of Action IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) classifies insecticides by how they work. Zee’s trial tested contact, translaminar (penetrates leaf tissue), and systemic (moves through the plant) products. Rotating between different IRAC groups helps prevent the pest from developing resistance. What Are Sticky Cards? Yellow adhesive cards placed in fields or nurseries to trap flying insects. Tom’s research suggests they could be a practical early-detection tool for two-spotted cotton leafhoppers, especially because the pest is so small and hard to spot visually. Resources & Links Visit the Show: Website: bandbpod.com Show notes and additional resources at bandbpod.com Mentioned in This Episode: Zee Ahmed and colleagues’ field guide for two-spotted cotton leafhopper on hibiscus — published in GrowerTalks (December issue, available online) Clemson University Cooperative Extension resources Get Involved: Subscribe to the podcast Leave a review Share with fellow growers, researchers, and plant lovers Support the show (details at bandbpod.com) About Blooms and Beyond Blooms and Beyond explores plant history, culture, and management through the lens of science. Whether you’re a commercial grower seeking practical solutions, a student exploring careers in horticulture, or simply someone who loves plants and their stories, there’s something here for you. Hosted by Dr. Ping Yu of the University of Georgia, each episode features interviews with experts who share enchanting stories, cutting-edge research, and practical wisdom from the world of horticulture. Your benefit: After each episode, commercial growers will have at least one useful tip for their operation, and plant enthusiasts will have an interesting fact to share. That’s how we spread plant power to more people and make our environment a little better. Credits Host: Dr. Ping Yu Producer: Rich Braman Guests: Dr. Zee Ahmed (Clemson University) and Dr. Tom Bilbo (Clemson University) Episode Release Date: March 1st, 2026 Episode Length: 55:18 “Till next time, stay healthy and go plants!” 🌱