Inflow: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Andy Aiken, Director of Life Support Programs at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, for a practical, operations-first conversation on designing and running aquarium life support systems (LSS) that truly work in the real world. Andy shares decades of hands-on experience managing complex aquatic systems and explains why successful LSS design must start with the operator's perspective. The discussion covers critical topics including denitrification strategies, ozone application, water quality management, redundancy, and long-term system reliability, with a strong focus on lessons learned from daily operations—not just drawings and specifications. Listeners will learn: Why operator input is essential in LSS design and decision-making Practical approaches to denitrification and nutrient control How ozone is used safely and effectively in large aquarium systems Common gaps between design intent and operational reality How systems thinking improves animal welfare and facility performance (2:31) Meet Andy Aiken (5:59) Music detour (9:22) Breaking into the National Aquarium (10:14) Denitrification 101 (15:57) Reactor design deep dive (22:50) Operational strategy & decision checklist (26:09) Ditching Chlorine (31:40) The "Aiken Sump" Explained (38:27) Consulting Roles & the Power of Operator-Led Design Review (44:35) Final Advice for New LSS Pros + Closing Thanks Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, aquarist, or facility leader, this episode delivers actionable insight into building and maintaining life support systems that are resilient, maintainable, and animal-centered.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Todd Devlin-Perry, President of AALSO and Life Support Manager at Mystic Aquarium, for a deep dive into modern aquarium operations, workforce development, and the future of aquatic life support systems (LSS). Todd shares his journey from plumbing and pool construction to managing 2.4 million gallons of synthetic seawater at one of the country's leading aquariums. The conversation explores large-scale LSS design, backwash recovery systems, ozone disinfection, SCADA automation, and the hidden infrastructure required to support marine mammals and aquatic habitats. The episode also highlights AALSO's critical role in education, certification, and professional networking, including how conferences, workshops, and hands-on training are shaping the next generation of LSS operators. Listeners will learn: How Mystic Aquarium manages complex closed-loop life support systems Why backwash recovery and water reuse are essential in modern aquariums The intersection of engineering, biology, and animal welfare How AALSO certification and conferences advance LSS careers Practical advice for entering the aquatic life support industry Whether you're an aquarist, LSS technician, engineer, or zoo and aquarium professional, this episode delivers real-world insight into the systems—and people—that keep aquatic life thriving. (00:00) - Introduction and Acknowledgements (03:57) - Todd's Journey into LSS (06:17) - Challenges and Innovations in Aquarium LSS (08:32) - Mystic Aquarium: Operations and Systems (15:25) - Synthetic Seawater and Backwash Recovery (26:11) - Rescue and Rehabilitation Operations (29:38) - Evolution of LSS Operations (32:02) - Involvement in AALSO and Professional Growth (36:03) - Planning and Organizing Conferences (42:19) - Certification and Venue Selection (48:05) - Advice for Aspiring LSS Operators   Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Trevor Erdmann, Vice President of AALSO and Senior Aquarist at the Hatfield Marine Science Center, for an in-depth conversation on the evolving role of aquarists as life support system (LSS) operators. Trevor shares how modern aquarists are increasingly responsible for water quality, filtration, system troubleshooting, and operational decision-making, blurring the lines between husbandry and engineering. The discussion explores the importance of education, hands-on training, and professional certification, and how organizations like AALSO are helping shape consistent standards across the industry. Listeners will learn: Why aquarists play a critical role in day-to-day LSS operations How education and certification pathways support safer, more reliable systems The skills today's aquarists need beyond animal care How improved training directly impacts animal welfare and system performance What the future holds for LSS workforce development Whether you're an aquarist, LSS operator, engineer, or aquatic facility leader, this episode offers valuable insight into how training, certification, and cross-disciplinary collaboration are shaping the future of life support systems. Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/   (00:00) Introduction and Sponsors (01:06) Role of an Aquarist (04:12) Trevor's Background (09:57) Building the Living Planet Aquarium (15:11) Custom Skid Systems and Water Quality (24:14) Involvement with AALSO (27:46) Dual Certification Tracks: LSS and Water Quality (31:37) Hands-On Training and Equipment Maintenance (33:53) Student Success and Career Placement (39:33) Role of Education and Training Committee (47:14) Advice for Aspiring Professionals (50:36) Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Joe Poniatowski of Asahi/America for a deep, experience-driven conversation on life support systems (LSS) design, operations, and reliability. Joe shares a unique career journey that spans submarine systems, industrial piping, and public aquariums, offering rare insight into what happens when systems fail—and how smart design choices can prevent it. The discussion covers real-world lessons from HDPE and thermoplastic piping, pressure management, redundancy, automation limits, and why human decision-making remains critical in high-stakes aquatic environments. In this episode, you'll learn: What submarines and aquariums have in common when it comes to life support reliability How piping materials and system layout impact long-term LSS performance Why automation alone isn't enough to prevent failures Common design and operational mistakes—and how to avoid them How experience in operations shapes better engineering and material selection Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, or facility manager, this episode delivers practical, hard-earned insights into building systems that protect animals, people, and facilities when failure is not an option.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Joe Choromanski, President of Serviette, for a wide-ranging conversation on what it takes to design, operate, and scale aquarium life support systems (LSS) across multiple facilities. Drawing on decades of experience in public aquariums, Joe shares lessons learned from overseeing large, complex aquatic systems, comparing artificial and natural seawater, and adapting LSS designs to different climates, budgets, and operational realities. The discussion explores how early design decisions affect long-term reliability, animal welfare, and operating costs. Listeners will learn: Key principles for designing LSS at scale across multiple aquariums Operational differences between artificial and natural seawater systems How to balance innovation, standardization, and site-specific needs Common challenges in multi-facility aquarium operations—and how to avoid them Why experience-driven design leads to more resilient aquatic systems Whether you're an LSS engineer, aquarium operator, facility leader, or designer, this episode delivers practical insights into building durable, scalable, and biologically sound life support systems that stand the test of time.

In this episode of the INFLOW podcast, we explore how modern Life Support Systems (LSS) go far beyond filtration and plumbing. Joined by Gal Judah, Area Sales Manager at Georg Fischer, the conversation dives into the evolving role of LSS in zoos, aquariums, and aquatic facilities—where lighting, air quality, controls, and integrated infrastructure are just as critical as water. Gal shares his unique path into the LSS world through the skilled trades, offering insight into how electrical systems, advanced lighting technologies, piping solutions, and automation all intersect to support animal health, welfare, and operational reliability. The episode highlights how collaboration between operators, engineers, vendors, and designers is reshaping how facilities are built, upgraded, and maintained. Listeners will gain perspective on: How lighting and air systems directly impact aquatic and terrestrial habitats The growing technical skill set required of today's LSS professionals Why integrated system design is essential for long-term sustainability The role of manufacturers and vendors in advancing LSS innovation Whether you work in aquatic life support, zoo and aquarium operations, engineering, or facility management, this episode offers valuable insights into where the industry is headed and how rethinking LSS can lead to healthier animals and smarter facilities. 🎧 Subscribe to INFLOW on Apple Podcasts and Spotify for in-depth conversations on life support systems, aquatic engineering, and the professionals behind the world's most complex animal habitats. Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Mike Bajek, Senior Director of Life Support Systems at the Singapore Oceanarium, to explore what it takes to design, manage, and scale one of the largest and most advanced aquarium facilities in the world. Mike shares his journey from Pittsburgh to Singapore and offers a behind-the-scenes look at the engineering, innovation, and leadership required to support massive aquatic habitats housing diverse marine life. The conversation dives into the complexity of high-volume filtration systems, redundancy planning, water quality control, and the intersection of sustainability and technology in modern oceanariums. In this episode, you'll learn: What it takes to operate multi-million-gallon LSS systems at scale How the Singapore Oceanarium approaches water quality, reliability, and efficiency The role of design thinking and collaboration in large-scale aquarium projects Why leadership and long-term planning are critical in complex aquatic environments Emerging trends shaping the future of aquarium engineering and life support systems Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, or aquatic facilities professional, this episode delivers valuable insights into the challenges and rewards of running life support systems on a global scale. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Mark Peacock, founder of Clean Search, to explore the unique world of hiring, recruitment, and talent development within the aquatic life support systems (LSS) industry. Mark breaks down what makes LSS roles so specialized, why organizations struggle to find qualified candidates, and how the right recruitment strategy can transform zoos, aquariums, and aquatic facilities. From essential technical skills to leadership qualities and cultural fit, this episode offers a behind-the-scenes look at building strong, reliable teams in a highly technical field. We also cover: What sets LSS and aquatic engineering roles apart from other technical positions How zoos and aquariums can attract and retain top-tier LSS talent The growing need for operator-to-engineer pathways in aquatic facilities Trends shaping the future of aquatic facility staffing and workforce development Whether you're an LSS professional, a hiring manager, or part of a zoo or aquarium operations team, this conversation provides practical insights into finding the right fit in one of the most specialized corners of the industry. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this Facility Spotlight episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Wes Schmidt, Senior Life Support Systems Technician at the Minnesota Zoo. Wes takes listeners behind the scenes of one of the most diverse and technically challenging facilities in the Midwest, where maintaining healthy aquatic environments means balancing complex life support systems (LSS), mechanical infrastructure, and Minnesota's extreme seasonal conditions. The conversation dives into: How the Minnesota Zoo manages 2 million+ gallons of water across multiple exhibits The engineering behind filtration, heating, and water circulation systems Unique challenges of operating marine and freshwater systems in cold climates The collaboration between animal care teams, engineers, and LSS operators Strategies for energy efficiency, reliability, and preventive maintenance Whether you're an LSS professional, engineer, or zoo operations enthusiast, this episode offers rare insight into the innovation, teamwork, and precision that keep aquatic life thriving year-round at the Minnesota Zoo.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with John Christiansen, Senior Project Architect at EHDD Architecture, to explore how thoughtful design and engineering come together to create world-class aquariums and aquatic facilities. With decades of experience designing some of the most recognized and sustainable public aquariums, zoos, and research centers, John shares insights into how architecture, life support systems (LSS), and animal welfare are interconnected. The conversation highlights the importance of collaboration between architects, engineers, and operators, as well as the evolving expectations around sustainability, visitor engagement, and water system design. Listeners will learn: How EHDD approaches aquarium design and master planning The relationship between architectural vision and LSS functionality Strategies for designing energy-efficient, sustainable aquatic environments What makes a facility both beautiful and biologically sound From conceptual design to operational reality, this discussion reveals how architecture can elevate the science of life support and create spaces that inspire both visitors and professionals alike. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome Nick Kaiser, Director of Facilities at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago. With over two decades of experience—from operator to engineer to director—Nick shares his unique perspective on bridging life support operations, engineering design, and sustainability at one of the nation's most iconic aquariums. The conversation dives into Shedd's ongoing 95-year-old infrastructure renovation, exploring the challenges of modernizing systems without interrupting animal care or guest experiences. Nick discusses how real-time data, automation, and collaboration between engineers and operators are shaping the future of aquatic facility management and energy efficiency. Listeners will discover: How Shedd balances innovation with historic architecture The role of data and analytics in optimizing LSS performance Strategies for energy conservation, redundancy, and reliability How teamwork between operators and engineers drives progress From hands-on valve work to leading large-scale modernization, Nick's story is a testament to the evolution of aquatic life support as both a science and an art. Stay connected with us at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Sam Courtland, founder of Integrated Aqua Systems (IAS), to explore his journey from aquaculture operations to engineering advanced aquatic systems used in research, zoos, and public aquariums. Sam shares how his early experiences working on shrimp farms and recirculating aquaculture systems shaped his vision for modular design, water management, and innovation in the aquatic life support industry. The conversation dives into how IAS evolved to serve both scientific and zoological applications, bridging the gap between aquaculture efficiency and high-end exhibit design. Together we cover: How aquaculture principles influenced modern LSS engineering The process of designing and manufacturing modular filtration systems Insights into sustainability, scaling, and system integration Why continual reinvention and collaboration drive the future of aquatic system design From humble beginnings to a leading role in the industry, this episode highlights how passion, problem-solving, and purpose can redefine what's possible in aquatic life support and system engineering. Stay connected with INFLOW at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Rob Turnbull, ozone specialist with Telchine Energy Technologies, to explore the critical role of ozone in aquatic life support systems (LSS). Rob breaks down how ozone works as a powerful disinfectant, its impact on water clarity and pathogen control, and why it's essential for maintaining healthy environments in aquariums, zoos, and aquaculture systems. The conversation covers system design, integration with protein skimmers and pumps, and the engineering challenges of scaling ozone safely and effectively. Listeners will learn: The science of ozone generation and application in water treatment Key differences between ozone and other disinfection methods How ozone improves animal health, sustainability, and water quality Design considerations for integrating ozone into life support systems Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, or aquatic professional, this deep dive into ozone will give you practical insights into designing and maintaining clean, efficient, and reliable aquatic habitats.

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Rob Cloward and Allen Clawson of Cloward H2O, one of the world's leading aquatic engineering firms. From natural hot springs and wave-generating surf parks to large-scale aquariums and zoos, Cloward H2O has been at the forefront of designing innovative water systems that blend recreation, sustainability, and animal care. Rob and Allen share insights into: The evolution of aquatic engineering across pools, fountains, waterparks, and life support systems Behind-the-scenes of projects like Deep Dive Dubai and SeaWorld Abu Dhabi The balance between water quality, guest experience, and animal health The challenges of scaling designs for attractions visited by millions worldwide (3:43) - Rob and Allen's LSS Background (7:04) - Cloward Deep Dive (12:45) - Hot Springs (20:25) - Modelings (27:19) - Similarities and Differences with LSS (30:51) - Turnover of Sheer Water Volumes (33:00) - Tampa Zoo (34:37) - System Redundancies (38:09) - Coordination with Operators   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/  

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Amy Stone, an experienced aquatic systems designer whose career bridges aquaculture, aquaponics, and life support system (LSS) design. Amy shares her journey from raising fish to leading Aquatic Equipment & Design. The conversation also pays tribute to the late Stewart McDaniel, honoring his impact and legacy in the aquatic life support community. Amy discusses what she learned from Stewart, how those lessons continue to shape her work, and why mentorship is critical for the next generation of professionals. Listeners will gain insights into: The design and engineering of aquatic filtration and skid systems The crossover between aquaculture, aquaponics, and zoological LSS Sustainability practices and efficiency in system design The value of mentorship and community in advancing the field (1:14) - Remembering Stewart McDaniel (5:11) - Amy's LSS Background (9:21) - The Journey of Aquatic Equipment and Design  (17:35) - Multi-Species Habitats (22:57) - Aquaponics   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

In this INFLOW Facility Spotlight, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber talk with Keith Hacke, Director of Facilities at the Philadelphia Zoo. From building Long Beach and Georgia Aquarium to managing 170+ years of infrastructure at America's oldest zoo, Keith shares insights on life support system design, sustainability, and the challenges of modernizing historic facilities while supporting animal care. (2:58) - Keith's LSS Backstory (7:25) - Long Beach Aquarium of the Pacific (15:05) - Georgia Aquarium and Facilities Management (22:22) - UV Lamps (24:54) - HEPA Filtration (29:58) - Philadelphia Zoo and Facilities Management   Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber sit down with Austin Calpin, Curator of Life Support and Water Quality at the Kansas City Zoo & Aquarium. Austin shares his unique journey from high school aquarium science programs to leading one of the newest, most advanced facilities in the U.S. We explore: Austin's career path through major aquariums and construction projects Behind-the-scenes innovations in life support system (LSS) design The Kansas City Zoo & Aquarium's cutting-edge use of drum filters, ozone strategies, and automation How sustainability and efficiency are reshaping aquatic habitats Preparing for the future of LSS education and certification Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com

In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal and Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber welcome special guest Chris Warner of Aquatic Environmental Systems. Chris shares his remarkable story—from growing up across continents to becoming a commercial diver and eventually a pioneer in aquarium life support systems. Discover how a diving accident unexpectedly launched Chris into the world of public aquariums, leading him to build and manage Australia's earliest systems using little more than ingenuity and necessity. Chris recounts the gritty early days of running a small aquarium in Sydney Harbor—battling raw sewage inflows, engineering semi-closed systems with sand spears, and building some of the first protein skimmers and foam fractionators in the industry. This episode dives deep into Chris's approach to filtration design, ozone use, and the importance of bubble size, plus how his experience helped shape systems at institutions like Sea World Australia, Ocean Park Hong Kong, and Singapore's S.E.A. Aquarium. It's a fascinating conversation on problem-solving, learning from nature, and the evolution of aquatic systems through practical innovation. Don't miss this inspiring and technical conversation with one of the field's most experienced voices. Stay connected at: https://inflowlsspodcast.com  

Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber dive deep into the world of aquatic life support systems (LSS) with special guest David LaBonne, a pioneering microbiologist and former Director of Facilities at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. David shares his remarkable journey from microbiology and immunodiagnostics to redefining how public aquariums approach water chemistry, ozone disinfection, and microbiome management. From early challenges with coliform counts and ozone tower inefficiencies to introducing data-driven filtration protocols and backwash recovery, David has shaped the modern aquatic systems landscape. 💡 In this episode, we cover: (4:42) - David's LSS Journey (8:19) - David's View of the Microbiome (13:48) - Being a Volunteer Diver (18:17) - A Lab Person's Point of View of LSS (25:56) - Evolution of Ozone (38:55) - Problem Solving INFLOW is the podcast where aquatic engineers, biologists, and life support experts share knowledge, solve problems, and explore the evolving science of water-based habitats. 🔔 Don't forget to subscribe, rate, and share if you want more cutting-edge insights from leaders in the aquatic world. #AquariumLifeSupport #OzoneDisinfection #WaterChemistry #AquaticMicrobiology #ZooAndAquarium #AquacultureEngineering #ColiformCounts #Biofilms #SandFilters #PublicAquariums #INFLOWPodcast Stay connected at https://inflowlsspodcast.com/

We're excited introduce our new Facility Spotlight series! Hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber go in-depth on the Maritime Aquarium in Norwalk, Connecticut, with a behind-the-scenes conversation featuring Erik Holmberg, Associate Director of Life Support. Erik shares his hands-on journey from general maintenance to LSS leadership, detailing his role in system upgrades, daily operations, emergency responses, and long-term infrastructure improvements. From retrofitting 30-year-old systems to pioneering backwash recovery and ozone contact upgrades, Erik walks us through what it really takes to keep complex aquatic habitats running smoothly with a small but mighty team. We've got helpful insights for operators, facility managers, and designers—from choosing media and managing turnover rates to advocating for capital projects. If you're passionate about aquatic animal health, system reliability, or making the most of limited resources, this is a must-listen. (2:13) - Erik's LSS Background (7:39) - Maritime Aquarium Background (9:57) - Backwash Recovery and Water Reprocessing (14:10) - Staff and Problem Solving (22:33) - Making the Case for Upgrades (29:00) - Filters (39:57) - AALSO 🔧 Sponsored by Aquatic Equipment and Design, and Ardurra. 🌐 Stay connected at inflowlsspodcast.com.