SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

Supervoids are the enormous, empty spaces between galaxy clusters and galaxy filaments. But just because they are empty, doesn't mean they can't be filled with fascinating science! They have taught us a great deal about both galaxy structures in the early universe, and how they grow in the present. And today we'll be venturing into a few of the biggest!MUSIC: - Long Walks [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library - Fairy Meeting [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library - A Slow Dream [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library - Devoid [ELPHNT] - YouTube Audio Library- Rain Cloud Music [Emily A Sprague] - YouTube Audio Library CHAPTERS: 00:00: Emptiness in Space02:04: Defining a Void 03:52: Mapping Voids Around Us04:38: How Voids Form 07:05: The Bootes Void 09:16: Voids and Dark Energy 10:33: The Cold Spot 12:10: The KBC Void

Quasars are the brightest phenomenon in the entire universe, able to outshine any type of star, and even entire galaxies containing hundreds of billions of them. They are the product of monster black holes at the centres of large galaxies, and so when we find multi-billion light year clusters of quasars dotted around the early universe, we are forced to reconsider some of our most fundamental assumptions of cosmology.BACKGROUND MUSIC:- Cylinder One - Chris Zabriskie - Descent - The Tower of Light (YT Audio Library)- Dreaming Blue - Sextile (YT Audio Library)- Turn - The Tower of Light (YT Audio Library)- There Are Many Different Kinds of Love - Chris Zabriskie- Retro Dreamscape - Twin Musicom (YT Audio Library)- Flecks of Light - The Tower of Light (YT Audio Library)- Clouded - Public Memory (YT Audio Library)- Trickling Up - Godmode (YT Audio Library)Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 Licence: - Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/- Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/00:00: Introduction02:00: What is a Quasar?09:46: The Peak Quasar Epoch11:50: The Search for Quasars20:39: Large Quasar Groups22:15: Cosmic Structures & the Cosmological Principle24:35: The Largest LQGs27:34: Seeing Patterns In Noise

Stars come in a wide range of sizes, but how do we calculate a star's size to determine which is the largest? In this episode, we will find out how stars are measured to determine their mind-boggling sizes, and above all, which of them are the biggest of all.PLEASE NOTE: This one is an older video of mine, back in 2021 when it was thought that the largest known star was Stephenson 2-18. It has since been reassessed as most likely not a member of the Stephenson-2 Cluster, and thus not amongst the candidates for the largest star. I plan to remake this video some time in 2026.SOUNDTRACK: Two songs in this video were made by Chris Zabriskie. (http://chriszabriskie.com/)- Abandon Babylon (Album from which the songs came: https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com/album/abandon-babylon)Dark Fog & Ice Demon by Kevin MacLeod are both licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1300031 , http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1200061Artist: http://incompetech.com/All other music provided by the YouTube Audio LibraryCHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction01:04: What Are Stars?05:40: How Stars Get Big09:38: Problems with Direct Measurements 11:31: Parallax 13:01: Indirectly Measuring Stars 15:33: VY Canis Majoris 18:30: UY Scuti 22:59: Stephenson 2-18

No matter where you are, you are always moving. The Earth orbits the sun, while the sun moves round the galaxy. But what makes the galaxy move? That is the topic of our video today. Everything in our local galaxy supercluster, Laniakea, is being dragged towards a high concentration of mass obscured by the opaque clouds of our galaxy, but what is it? It has all the ingredients for an epic cosmic mystery, the mystery of the Great Attractor.Background Songs by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvATranscending Ambient Chill Out Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAp5ecwlU7MThe Deep: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9TJrLeqnhwAll other tracks are from the YouTube Audio LibraryCHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction02:13: Galaxies 04:04: Our Local Universe06:56: The Laniakea Supercluster09:00: The Great Attractor 10:03: The Zone of Avoidance11:45: History of Great Attractor Observations13:56: Surveying the Great Attractor Region18:39: Dark Flow 20:27: The Dipole Repeller 22:16: CIZA Search 23:37: The Shapley Supercluster 26:03: The Vela Supercluster 27:30: A Mystery Solved?

How large is the universe? Where does it begin and end? How does it expand? These are some of the biggest questions of astronomy- and while humanity is so small that we may never be able to fully understand the universe's true scale, advancements in technology are helping us to look ever-deeper into space, towards the edge of our observable universe known as the Cosmic Horizon. Today, we will get to know our universe, its laws, and its awe-inspiring scale above all.SOUNDTRACK:Special thanks to Lombus, who allowed me to use his song Doppler Shores in the title screen:https://lombus.bandcamp.com/track/doppler-shoresSongs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )- The Theatrical Poster...: http://chriszabriskie.com/vendaface/- Unfoldment, Revealment... http://chriszabriskie.com/reappear/- Cylinder Five: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/- Take Off and Shoot a Zero: http://chriszabriskie.com/stuntisland/ - Oxygen Garden: http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/Other songs are from the YouTube Audio Library CHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction(02:23) Defining the Universe (06:51) The Big Bang(09:12) The Observable Universe (10:53) The Hubble Telescope(11:46) The Hubble Deep Field(16:49) Cosmic Expansion(19:40) Redshift (21:48) The Cosmic Horizon and the Unobservable Universe(25:36) Accelerating Expansion(28:29) Dark Energy(30:14) The End of the Universe

What we perceive to be the edge of our universe is not the actual edge of the universe, with most scientists in agreement that more space lies hidden beyond what we're able to see. Last time out, we travelled to the very edge of our observable universe. But today, we will be going even farther, as we wade out into the darkness of the unobservable universe. Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823- Taboo-Inspired Intro Track: https://youtu.be/YA3yfPh38mc- Strange Days Ahead: https://youtu.be/QaGsRzO-2EA- The Last Breath: https://youtu.be/AekcHz0ZdjU- The Monolith: https://youtu.be/XK_iQLGpId0- ESP Background Track: https://youtu.be/rT2ONCrdtVU- Encounter: https://youtu.be/vxdlSXZvxL0- Direct Space: https://youtu.be/G7-3crlxDDE- Do You Understand: https://youtu.be/BXmPuHqXUzc- Phonon: https://youtu.be/2Mgk6jem7Zg- Dark Enigma 13: https://youtu.be/mGFxASTdnhc- Book of the Dead: https://youtu.be/6X3RYrOy1RECHAPTERS:(00:00) Welcome Back (01:50) Beyond the Cosmic Horizon (05:42) The Shape of the Universe (07:45) Universal Curvature(12:35) Critically Dense Flat Universe(15:18) Drawing Triangles on the CMB (18:52) The Flatness Problem(22:19) Multiply Connected Universe (27:19) 4D Hyper Torus(29:17) Curved on a Large Scale? (31:50) Cosmic Inflation (37:09) Closing Statements

Ever wonder what it would be like to fly all the way to the edge of space? Well in this video, we'll be doing just that. Using beautiful images snapped by the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, we will embark on a tour of our universe- venturing deep into the darkness, and uncovering the most jaw-dropping landmarks along the way. This is our journey to the edge of the universe.SOUNDTRACK [In order of appearance]:- MindHunter (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/72JbdVDg3q0- 11:11 at Smith - Ninth Street (Chris Zabriskie)- Catafalque (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/Bf_24aUbaQ4- Satanic (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/E_gQrAMVK8U- Dark Enigma 11 (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/VVbH2gU8TvA- It Will Make You Feel Better (Chris Zabriskie)- Dark Enigma 9 (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/rkZg2FCRcjg- I Refuse to Accept There's Nothing I Can Do About it (Chris Zabriskie): - Lower Third Hall (Chris Zabriskie)- Omen (CO.AG): https://youtu.be/C_ejkBhmmJETracks by CO.AG Music and Chris Zabriskie. Songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Re-use Licence. Check out his new album, which was featured in this video: https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.comCheck out CO.AG's channel, where he uploads loads of cool ambient tracks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvAFOOTAGE:The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator:http://spaceengine.org/Images of space and scientific visualisations are public domain content, and can be downloaded from NASA's GSFC Visualisation Studio: https://www.nasa.gov/goddardOther visualisations and images of space provided by the European Southern Observatory [ESO]: https://www.eso.org/public/Graphic of the Virgo Supercluster by Ethylice4: https://www.deviantart.com/ethylice4Stock footage sequences provided by Vecteezy.com . Pro License Holder: https://www.vecteezy.com/members/sea-media-stockCHAPTERS:(00:00) Welcome(01:32) What is the Observable Universe?(05:15) The Local Volume(10:20) Laniakea Supercluster(14:24) Sloan Great Wall(16:30) Active Galactic Nuclei(19:53) Quasars(23:00) Quasar Groups in the Deep Universe(25:55) Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (28:14) Cosmic High Noon (31:44) Re-ionization(33:35) Farthest Galaxies (36:35) The Dark Age (39:19) The Edge of the Universe

In 1998, two teams of scientists measured the universe's rate of expansion, expecting to find it slowing down on route to a collapse. But instead, they found the opposite- the universe's expansion appears to be accelerating, having expanded more in the latter half of its life. In attempting to explain this mysterious behaviour, they revived one Einstein's long-since-forgotten ideas. Thank you to SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation for yet another amazing soundtrack! If you liked this video's music, check it out below: Dark Energy Soundtrack: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9QSpaceWave's Channel: https://youtu.be/XntDsSR38qUCHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction(02:27) Accelerating Expansion(05:09) Einstein's Greatest Blunder (08:26) How Space Expands (12:11) Redshift & Standard Candles (17:03) Type 1a Supernova Searching (19:25) Λ-CDM(22:08) Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (26:27) Future Missions to Study Dark Energy(28:46) Vacuum Fluctuations (32:29) Quintessence (34:43) Phantom Energy(37:17) The Big Rip

Dark Matter is a theoretical form of invisible mass, which has never been definitively detected. You've probably heard of it before, as it makes up a large part of the physics you find in textbooks. But how can something that's never been seen have so much scientific confidence behind it? Furthermore, if we can't see it, how do we know that it is really there? And if it's not, what are the alternative explanations? These are the questions we will be aiming to answer, as we delve into the Dark Matter mystery. The soundtrack was created by SpaceWave - Cosmic Relaxation.Listen to the full 2-hour Soundtrack: https://youtu.be/ZDjXSOkThzkI listen to his ambient music while I write and was keen to bring him on board. Thank you SpaceWave! Check out his Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3460Ylt4JEcEiW6PxCH9QCHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction(01:53) What is Dark Matter? (05:00) Signs of Missing Mass (08:21) Lambda-Cold Dark Matter Model(11:21) The Early Universe(14:12) Dark Matter Structures(20:22) The Bullet Cluster(24:23) Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(26:20) Search for Dark Matter(31:00) Alternative Theories(32:57) Modified Gravity(35:31) Entropic Gravity (38:06) Dark Energy?

Lately, there has been talk of a new largest black hole, named Phoenix A*, which is said to have a mass greater than 100 billion times the mass of the sun! This is much larger than the previous record holder, TON-618. But can we really rely on this prediction? And if not, then what is the largest black hole out there, and how do we know its true size? These are the questions we will answer in search of the universe's biggest black holes.Soundtrack: CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823- Old Radio Transmission: https://youtu.be/1O8to3C5rM4- Oprahme: https://youtu.be/2nliN0RbIyw- Long Relaxation Mix: https://youtu.be/8TRjdzXJ5-M- The Earth is Screaming: https://youtu.be/38P0cv_0z5M- Welcome to Somethink: https://youtu.be/R73ZWEDSiM4- What’s Left: https://youtu.be/Qlp7DmhU1KM- The Fallen Angel: https://youtu.be/U0YL-4yDKJM- Watch My World Burn: https://youtu.be/ejMf7HtsYWw- A Deep Digital Dream: https://youtu.be/Kou0UzcFd8Q- Advanced Technology Mix: https://youtu.be/dG7J2HZYqpM- A Slow End: https://youtu.be/FVbGDg-pjNECHAPTERS:00:00: Start 01:50: Stellar Black Holes 05:00: Intermediate & Supermassive Black Holes07:09: IC 1101*09:39: TON-61812:45: The Phoenix Cluster 15:34: Phoenix A 18:18: X-Ray Cavities & Eruptions20:28: Phoenix A* Black Hole22:26: Is Phoenix A* the Largest Black Hole?25:33: Other Ultramassive Black Hole Candidates

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the oldest light in the universe that we can see or detect. It was emitted only 380,000 years after the universe was born, back when it was a much more chaotic place. This microwave-band static is fundamentally linked to the Big Bang, and if we map it precisely enough, we can discover a wealth of information about the age, composition and structure of the universe. MUSIC:- Deep Static: https://youtu.be/WB5jmdJvQeU- Cosmic Microwave Background Noise: https://youtu.be/YkE8d2vrWI0- I Knew My Way Downtown - Chris Zabriskie - Everyone Will Notice, No One Will Say Anything - Chris Zabriskie - You Fiddle, I'll Burn Rome - Chris Zabriskie - God be with You til we Meet Again - Chris Zabriskie - A Million Thoughts - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/nOSPuq64ORQ- A Person That They Will All Fear - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/NccLZFUIxlM- Haunted - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/T0WjL4phiuk- We Can Rebuild Your World - CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/pe_mx7YiPwMAll songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 License (re-use allowed)I Made This While You Were Asleep (Album): https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com/album/i-made-this-while-you-were-asleepChris Zabriskie's Website: https://www.chriszabriskie.comCO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvACHAPTERS:00:00: Static01:48: The Big Bang04:58: The CMB: The Final Photons08:16: History of Background Radiation Observations10:58: Missions to Map the CMB (COBE, WMAP, Planck)13:09: What Does the Map Show Us?15:17: Cosmic Inflation17:04: The Cold Spot21:15: Hawking Points26:17: The End?

Saturn's most distinguished feature are its brilliant, shining rings, which have intrigued astronomers since the 17th century. But in the 1980s, Voyagers 1 & 2 revealed to us that each of the large planets in the Solar System is home to a ring system, but each varies wildly in its composition, arrangement, and substantiality. In this video, we will explore the complex and elegant natural phenomenon that is planetary ring systems.Music: - Drifting at 432Hz | Unicorn Heads- The Oceans Continue to Rise | Chris Zabriskie - Passing a Foreign Moon | I Think I Can Help You - The Five Books | I Think I Can Help You- I Want To Fall in Love on Snapchat | Chris Zabriskie- Nevada City | Huma Huma - Open Sea Morning | Puddle of InfinitySongs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/All other songs were retrieved from the YouTube Audio LibraryCHAPTERS:00:00: Introduction 02:05: What is a Ring System?04:31: How do Ring Systems Form? 08:03: The Rings of Saturn 11:58: The Rings of Uranus 13:43 Shepherd Moons16:03 J1407b - Super Saturn Rings

What is the largest galaxy? For a long time, the largest was thought to be IC 110. But since 2022, there has been talk of a new, even larger galaxy, Alcyoneus, which is said to be more than 16 million light years in diameter! But is that what's really being proposed in the original paper detailing the discovery? Not exactly, because Alcyoneus is a Radio Galaxy. But what is a radio galaxy, and if Alcyoneus is not the largest galaxy, then how large really is it? SOUNDTRACK: All tracks by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA- Sound of the Sun: https://youtu.be/4u6Gt7NXlDE- A World of Different Dimensions: https://youtu.be/g9vULHb_7mQ- Your Outer World: https://youtu.be/OnZjKSQS9b0- Travel Beyond Your Imagination: https://youtu.be/Z2XDR9N00Jo- Create the Future: https://youtu.be/z9HM9VTnFDQCHAPTERS:(00:00) What is the Largest Galaxy? (02:02) Galaxies (04:13) IC 1101(06:32) Radio Galaxies(12:31) Giant Radio Galaxies (14:40) Alcyoneus, Largest Radio Galaxy(18:39) Alcyoneus' Host Galaxy (22:57) The Largest Galaxy- Some Considerations(28:51) Closing Statements

Supernovae are some of the brightest and most powerful explosions in the universe, bright enough to outshine entire galaxies. These cosmic catastrophes come in many varieties, characterised by their elements and light. Today, we will cover the various types of supernova as we take a deep dive into these tremendous explosions. SOUNDTRACK:- Woodstock | Joni Mitchell: https://youtu.be/cRjQCvfcXn0- Spenta Mainyu | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library) - Access Astronomy Pt. 1 | CO.AG: https://youtu.be/6cBmmEH18ek- Away | Patrick Patrikios (YouTube Audio Library) - Orbiting Knowhere | Corbyn Kites (YouTube Audio Library) - Guardian of the Threshold | I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library) - What Am I | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/DlqnuShotd8- The End | Kyote Hearing (YouTube Audio Library) - Attraction | Density & Time (YouTube Audio Library) - The Four Masks | I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library) - Black Moon | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/uFatcfIA_oQ- Magnetic Lullaby | Amulets (YouTube Audio Library) - So Dark | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/FzMUeqp_Akg- No. 8 Reqium | Esther Abrami (YouTube Audio Library) CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvACHAPTERS:(00:00) Stardust (01:58) What is a Supernova?(04:41) Historic Supernovae Observations(06:58) SN-1987A(09:41) Classifying Supernovae(12:00) Core Collapse Supernova(18:40) Types of Core Collapse Supernovae(21:35) Type 1a Supernova(24:05) Standard Candles(26:23) Kilonova

One of astronomy's great, enduring mysteries is what really happens on the inside of a black hole. We know that anything which gets too close to a black hole is destroyed, but if you were able to jump right inside of one, then what would happen and where would you go? Today, we will explore a few of the many exotic and fascinating possibilities for what lies on the other side of a black hole. SOUNDTRACK:- The Anunnaki Return | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)- Access Astronomy pt. 3 | CO.AG Music- Access Astronomy pt. 5 | CO.AG Music- Just Implants | CO.AG Music- Where Have All the Cybertrackers Gone | Chris Zabriskie- The Ambient | Kevin MacLeod (YouTube Audio Library)- Cylinder Seven | Chris Zabriskie- The Golden Present | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvAAll songs by Chris Zabriskie are licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 License (reuse allowed). Chris Zabriskie's website: https://www.chriszabriskie.comCHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction (01:55) Bending Spacetime (04:23) Inside a Black Hole (05:42) Wormholes & Einstein-Rosen Bridges(08:38) White Holes(11:54) Schwarzschild Metric & the Eternal Black Hole (13:29) Penrose Diagram (15:48) The Case Against White Holes (18:49) White Holes as New Universes(21:29) Black Hole Cosmology (24:49) Hawking Radiation & the Final Phase

The Andromeda Galaxy is our massive galactic neighbour, a spiral galaxy more than double the size of the Milky Way. In this video, we will be taking a journey, from this galaxy's ancient history, right up to its remote future- using the latest and most beautiful images to know our cosmic neighbour like never before. This is our journey to the Andromeda Galaxy...Soundtrack by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA- Drifting Through Time: https://youtu.be/kVmCVk9NM3Q- Wonderful Things: https://youtu.be/5fBOHzGRTRI- Don't Fear Your Fears: https://youtu.be/8xme2NH5vEs- Space: https://youtu.be/TIP8_SD5VDI- Dreams: https://youtu.be/o3FJkyGRvk4- Space Empires: https://youtu.be/kAvGZxtBzpw- Thanks Everyone: https://youtu.be/00dPbEvyNMY- Crystal Dream: https://youtu.be/4BHkReLzbBs- 5500°C: https://youtu.be/Jr5-xFaiXp0- Forever: https://youtu.be/TblP1MS9Z5w- The Crystal Stream: https://youtu.be/yNxWUXK2pxoCHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction (01:19) Historical Observations of Andromeda (05:25) The Great Debate (08:12) Modern Efforts to Study Andromeda(09:36) Road to Andromeda(14:00) Andromeda's Satellites(17:48) Inside the Andromeda Galaxy(21:07) Worlds Inside Andromeda (22:51) Black Holes in Andromeda(25:00) Andromeda's Blueshift(27:32) Collision with the Milky Way(31:07) Milkomeda

On the darkest of nights, free from the glow of the moon and the haze of light pollution, a stunning, striking formation can be seen imprinted upon the sky. That imprint is our galaxy- the Milky Way. Our galaxy is a giant, which extends for hundreds of thousands of light years. But by measuring the motions and velocities of the stars in our neighbourhood, both their past and future trajectories can be extrapolated- revealing the history of the Milky Way. SOUNDTRACK: Music by Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/ - Aurora: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/aurora/ - Petrichor: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/petrichor/ - In Search of Solitude: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/in-search-of-solitude/ - Decoherence: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/decoherence/- The Things That Keep Us Here: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/the-things-that-keep-us-here/CHAPTERS:(00:00) Welcome(01:49) Our Home Galaxy (04:37) Mapping the Milky Way(07:20) Globular Clusters(09:14) Kraken(11:00) Gaia-Enceladus(13:30) NGC-2808(15:17) Omega Centauri (16:17) The Sequoia Galaxy (18:11) The Helmi Stream(20:32) Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy(23:55) Conclusion

How old is the oldest planet? When did the first planets form in the universe? And what about life-supporting worlds? These are some of the most complex questions in extrasolar-planetary science. But by studying the ancient exoplanets in the Milky Way galaxy, we've managed to build up a comprehensive picture of when the genesis planets formed, and what they were like. Those findings make up the content of our video today. SOUNDTRACK (In order): - Atomic - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/deKPhd-yZfY- The UFO - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/MAC_XKNZk-w- Drifting at 432 Hz - Unicorn Heads (YouTube Audio Library)- The Kingdom of Shadows [1hr Soundscape] - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/Nv_UBIC69aM- Boundaries - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/2DDtR7G_VEo- Just For Jolly - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/4D5D3OAuUaU- Bodim Moor - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/PkX8fl-Huyw- Forever Space - CO.AG: https://youtu.be/5cKpbh1NrUM CO.AG is an ambient music creator who produces high-quality music for the YouTube community. Check out his channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvACHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction (01:37) How Planets Form(08:58) Metallicity (12:52) The Search for Exoplanets(16:30) Methuselah- The Oldest Planet(22:26) Primordial Gas Giant Formation (26:05) Kepler-444- The Oldest Rocky Planets(29:06) The First Habitable Worlds(33:24) Starburst Metal Spreading

For more than 30 years, the Hubble Telescope provided our most profound window into the cosmos. From imaging the beautiful interiors o nebulae, to revealing the secrets of the universe at large, we’ve seen glimpses of space our ancestors scarcely dreamed of. And in today’s episode, we will relive some of the telescope’s grandest achievements as we recount the greatest discoveries of the Hubble Telescope. SOUNDTRACK:[0-7 Mins] A New Life Time Mix - CO.AG Music[8-14 Mins] Borealis - Scott Buckley[15-18 Mins] Computations in a SnowStorm - Scott Buckley[19-25 Mins] Hymn to the Dawn - Scott Buckley[25-32 Mins] First & Last Light - Scott Buckley[33-38 Mins] Ephemera - Scott Buckley[39-43 Mins] Resolutions - Scott BuckleyScott Buckley's Music is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence. For more information, see the artist's website:https://www.scottbuckley.com.auLikewise, CO.AG's music is publicly usable with credit. Please check out his channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823CHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction (01:30) The Hubble Telescope (06:12) Measuring Galactic Distances(07:48) The Age of the Universe(09:24) Servicing Mission 1(11:42) Messier-87 (13:35) Supermassive Black Hole(16:08) Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9(19:53) The Hubble Deep Field(23:42) Dark Energy(27:41) Proto-planetary Disks (29:09) Transiting Exoplanets(32:42) Ultra Deep Field(34:46) Moons of Pluto (39:30) Frontier Fields(41:00) Cosmic Distance Record

The Milky Way is surrounded by more than 50 near neighbour galaxies that make up the Local Group. The two largest galaxies are us and Andromeda, but we also have an often-overlooked third large galaxy in our neighbourhood- the Triangulum Galaxy. This galaxy is like its own mini-Milky Way, containing stars, clouds, clusters, supernova remnants, and satellites. These are the checkpoints in the Triangulum Galaxy which make up our tour today. SOUNDTRACK: All tracks made by CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA- A Dark Path: https://youtu.be/ORk0p0thnWU- Heart of This Ancient City: https://youtu.be/uUw8RqPVoDU- Was This the End or Just the Beginning: https://youtu.be/6A0UHOhRxZc- Build, Create, Beautify: https://youtu.be/-Aq8PUPlbxU- As the Sun Sets at the Temple: https://youtu.be/xBqirbnidbI- Northern Lights: https://youtu.be/CgzVDdNcGLo- Post Apocalyptic: https://youtu.be/4l_PxLFbdHQ- Dark Horror Long Version: https://youtu.be/r632JTHP0mM- Moonlight Over Rome: https://youtu.be/Oj3niiEu05ECHAPTERS:(00:00) Introduction(01:19) History of M-33(04:50) Observations of M-33(07:07) Morphology(09:45) Satellite Galaxies(11:43) H-II Regions(14:34) NGC-604(16:21) Resolving M-33's Stars(20:13) Supernovae & Black Holes(22:24) No Supermassive Black Hole?(25:40) Future of the Local Group