Claim OwnershipJournal of Military and Veteran’s Health - JMVH
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The Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health is the official journal of the Australasian Military Medicine Association www.amma.asn.au. It is a peer reviewed scientific journal dedicated to supporting the publication of research and information on military medicine and veterans’ health, recognising that the impact of military service translates into health effects on military personnel long after they retire. It provides and promotes information for those health professionals who are working in, researching or have an interest in the unique facets of medicine and health of military personnel and veterans.
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"The neurophysiologic aspects of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC)" by David G Newman examines G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), a critical physiological failure occurring when high acceleration forces prevent the cardiovascular system from delivering oxygenated blood to the brain. The author details the historical research and mathematical theories that define human tolerance limits, noting how modern fighter jets can easily exceed these biological boundaries. A central focus is the neurophysiologic timeline of an episode, which includes a brief functional buffer followed by periods of absolute and relative incapacitation. During recovery, pilots often experience physical convulsions, dream-like states, and significant cognitive confusion that can last for several seconds. The text emphasizes that event amnesia and psychological denial frequently follow these incidents, posing a lethal threat to flight safety. Ultimately, the source argues for a deeper understanding of these biological responses to develop more effective countermeasures for high-performance aviators.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-12453347-jmvh-vol-6-no-3/
"Innovations from the Battlefield: Tourniquets" by Dominic Maher explores the historical evolution and modern resurgence of the tourniquet as a critical tool for survival. While these devices were often criticized as dangerous during the 19th and 20th centuries, data from recent Middle East conflicts proved they effectively stop catastrophic bleeding without causing widespread limb loss. The text highlights how military medical advancements and successful field applications led to a shift in institutional doctrine. This newfound evidence has directly influenced civilian emergency services, resulting in the widespread adoption of tourniquets by first responders and the general public. Ultimately, the source frames the tourniquet as a proven life-saving innovation that has transitioned from a controversial last resort to a standard of care.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/innovations-from-the-battlefield-tourniquets/
"Antimalarial Drug Supply Issues during the Second World War" by G. Dennis Shanks examines how antimalarial drug shortages severely compromised Allied military operations in the Southwest Pacific during World War II. The author explains that the Japanese seizure of cinchona plantations and European manufacturing hubs stripped the Allies of vital quinine and synthetic drug supplies, leading to massive non-combat casualties. Operations in regions like Papua New Guinea and the Philippines were stalled or lost until quinacrine production and strict medicinal discipline were established in 1943. By comparing these historical logistical failures to modern supply chain disruptions seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the text warns of the ongoing strategic risks posed by infectious diseases. Ultimately, the source highlights that medical logistics and anti-infective medications remain critical, yet vulnerable, components of national defense and regional stability.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/antimalarial-drug-supply-issues-during-world-war-ii/
"Effects of deployment on mental health in modern military forces: A review of longitudinal studies" by Peter Nasveld examines prospective longitudinal studies to determine how military deployment influences the mental health of service members and veterans. The findings highlight that actual combat exposure, rather than the simple act of being deployed, is the primary driver for conditions like PTSD and depression. Research indicates that certain factors, such as prior trauma or low baseline functional health, significantly increase an individual’s vulnerability to psychiatric issues after battle. Furthermore, the data suggests that mental health needs often evolve over time, sometimes intensifying months after a soldier returns home. Ultimately, the authors emphasize the necessity of ongoing health surveillance and targeted screenings to support those most at risk.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/effects-of-deployment-on-mental-health-in-modern-military-forces-a-review-of-longitudinal-studies/
"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Killing in Combat: A Review of Existing Literature" by Vicky Aldridge examines the complex psychological link between the act of killing in combat and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By analyzing various studies, the text reveals that service members who have taken a life generally report more severe trauma symptoms and higher levels of guilt or moral injury. Research indicates that the characteristics of the victim, such as being a civilian or a child, significantly intensify the emotional distress experienced by veterans. While most data suggests a strong correlation between combat killing and mental health struggles, some findings remain inconsistent due to gender differences and varying study methodologies. Ultimately, the source emphasizes that clinicians must address the specific act of killing during assessments to provide more effective, specialized support for the veteran population.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-killing-in-combat-a-review-of-existing-literature/
This historical overview chronicles the scientific breakthrough in identifying the pathogen and transmission method of the bubonic plague during the late 19th-century pandemic. While humanity previously attributed the disease to supernatural forces or toxic vapors, the emergence of germ theory allowed researchers like Alexandre Yersin to successfully isolate the bacterium now known as Yersinia pestis. The text highlights the critical contributions of Paul-Louis Simond, whose experiments proved that fleas acting as intermediaries between rats and humans were responsible for spreading the infection. It also frames these discoveries within a broader military and medical context, noting how figures like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch revolutionized public health. Ultimately, the source details how rigorous observation and competitive research transformed a misunderstood scourge into a preventable and treatable condition.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-history-of-plague-pt-2-the-discoveries-of-the-plague-bacillus-and-its-vector/
"Agent Orange Reviewed: Potential Role in Peripheral Neuropathy and Neurodegeneration" by Suzanne de la Monte, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). This articles examines the long-term medical consequences of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam War veterans, with a specific focus on neurological deterioration. The research highlights a significant connection between the toxic herbicide and the development of peripheral neuropathy, often appearing decades after initial contact. Additionally, the text suggests that these chemical exposures may increase the risk of central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Beyond neurological issues, the author notes established links to malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. By reviewing various studies on South Korean and American service members, the article emphasizes how the herbicide's components may damage myelin and cause oxidative stress. Ultimately, the source calls for further investigation into the mechanisms of toxicity as the veteran population continues to age.
Tune in here: https://jmvh.podbean.com/e/e33-agent-orange-reviewed-potential-role-in-peripheral-neuropathy-and-neurodegeneration
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/agent-orange-reviewed-potential-role-in-peripheral-neuropathy-and-neurodegeneration/
#podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth
"Effects of Penthrox® (methoxyflurane) as an analgesic on cardiovascular and respiratory functions in the pre-hospital setting" by H F Oxer, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). This research article investigates the safety and physiological effects of methoxyflurane, an inhaled analgesic commonly used by emergency medical services in Australia. By analyzing data from nearly 600 ambulance patients, the study specifically evaluates how the drug impacts blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory function. The findings indicate that while vital signs show a minor initial decline, these changes are consistent with relief from pain and stress rather than drug-induced toxicity. Ultimately, the source concludes that low-dose administration is highly stable and does not cause harmful cardiovascular or respiratory depression. These results suggest that long-standing precautionary warnings regarding its use in unstable patients may be unnecessary in a modern clinical context.
Tune in here:
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/effects-of-penthrox-methoxyflurane-as-an-analgesic-on-cardiovascular-and-respiratory-functions-in-the-pre-hospital-setting/
#podcast #militarymedicine #AMMA #JMVH #veteranshealth #militaryhealth
"From Milites Medici to Army Medics – A two thousand year tradition of military medicine" by Robb Wesselingh, published in the Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health (JMVH). The article explores the historical development of military medicine, asserting that many significant medical advances originated during times of conflict, citing examples from the Napoleonic Wars and World War II. It then focuses heavily on the Roman Empire, specifically detailing how Emperor Augustus's military reforms established a professional medical corps (milites medici) and led to the creation of the first organized military hospitals, the valetudinaria. Furthermore, the source discusses how these military innovations, particularly regarding sanitation and public health principles, were subsequently adopted by the civilian population, demonstrating the lasting impact of military medical practice.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/692/
"The Australian Army’s Two ‘Traditional’ Diseases: Gonorrhea and Syphilis — A Military-Medical History During the Twentieth Century" by Ian Howie-Willis details the military-medical history of gonorrhea and syphilis within the Australian Army throughout the twentieth century. The author, Ian Howie-Willis, focuses on demonstrating the statistical scale of these sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)—or venereal diseases (VD)—during major overseas deployments, from the Boer War to the Vietnam War. It contrasts the difficult, prolonged treatments before the mid-1940s introduction of penicillin with the shorter hospital stays afterward, noting how the availability of a rapid cure increased soldier complacency and led to high infection rates in later conflicts like the Occupation of Japan and the Vietnam War. The article concludes that VD was a major, persistent problem for the Australian Army, resulting in an estimated over 125,000 cases treated across the century.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/the-australian-armys-two-traditional-diseases-gonorrhea-and-syphilis-a-military-medical-history-during-the-twentieth-century/
"Comparing PTSD Among Returning War Veterans," by Wayne Kinney focuses on the physical and psychological wounds sustained by military personnel in the Iraqi and Afghan Wars, particularly comparing their experiences and diagnoses, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with veterans from earlier conflicts like the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War. It highlights that advances in medicine and technology have resulted in a higher survival rate but also more numerous and complex injuries, including poly-trauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the text analyzes key demographic and clinical differences between veterans of these wars, noting variations in substance abuse rates, violent behavior, and the distinct challenges faced by female service members.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/comparing-ptsd-among-returning-war-veterans/
"Musculoskeletal Injury and Physical Fitness Across US Army Occupational Specialties" by Tyson Grier, Regis Pearson, Timothy Benedict , Olivia Mahlmann and Michelle Canham-Chervak examines the connection between musculoskeletal injury and physical fitness across various US Army military occupational specialties (MOS). The research details the methodology, which involved surveying soldiers and obtaining data on injuries and performance from the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), revealing significant differences in injury incidence and physical fitness scores across MOS groups for both male and female soldiers. Ultimately, the investigation aimed to describe these associations and suggests that monitoring injury and fitness by MOS could help focus injury prevention strategies within the Army.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/musculoskeletal-injury-and-physical-fitness-across-us-army-occupational-specialties/
"A Review of Art Therapy Among Military Service Members and Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" by Jeremy Ramirez reviews the use of art therapy for military service members and veterans diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The author argues for implementing art therapy programs, particularly because the current preferred treatment—Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)—is often ineffective in treating the avoidance/emotional numbing cluster of PTSD symptoms. The review details the prevalence of PTSD, noting that factors like combat trauma and military sexual trauma (MST) are significant causes, and explores various risk factors for suicide among veterans, such as divorce and homelessness. Ultimately, the article concludes that art therapy, which involves activities like drawing and photography, provides a more comprehensive care package when used in conjunction with CBT, due to its effectiveness in helping patients express nonverbalized trauma and reduce core PTSD symptoms.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-review-of-art-therapy-among-military-service-members-and-veterans-with-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/
"CHEMICAL AGENTS Contact Poisons: A Brief Touch," by Dr Andrew Robertson examines the risks and characteristics of contact poisons, which are substances absorbed through the skin to cause toxic effects or death. While acknowledging that these agents are often sensationalized in popular media and crime fiction, the author stresses that many military, industrial, and agricultural chemicals pose a genuine contact risk that medical professionals must recognize. The discussion differentiates between highly potent agents like nerve agents (e.g., VX) and more commonly available industrial toxins such as pesticides and organic solvents, which can also be fatal. Finally, the article explores the role of solvents like Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) in enhancing percutaneous absorption by disrupting the skin's lipid barrier, a mechanism exploited in both pharmaceutical research and certain criminal plots involving poisons like ricin or nicotine.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/chemical-agents-contact-poisons-a-brief-touch/
"Fast women: Or why women who fly high performance aircraft are fast but not loose," by Tracy Smat examines the challenges and issues surrounding women entering the historically male-dominated field of fast jet aviation, particularly within the Royal Australian Air Force. The text provides a historical overview of women in aviation, including their roles in World War II and the gradual integration into Western militaries. It then systematically discusses four main areas of concern that military health professionals must address: physiological differences (such as tolerance to G-forces and decompression illness), physical attributes (including strength, anthropometry, and ejection safety), specific women's health issues (like pregnancy and the menstrual cycle), and squadron cultural issues related to gender integration. Ultimately, the paper suggests that most physical and physiological barriers can be overcome through re-engineering of aircraft and equipment, concluding that the primary remaining obstacle to female fast jet pilots is the cultural acceptance by male aircrew.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/https-doi-ds-org-doilink-03-2023-57944985-jmvh-vol-7-no-1/
"Antibacterial Warfare: The Production of Natural Penicillin and the Search for Synthetic Penicillin During the Second World War - JMVH", by Bruce Short examines the history of penicillin development during World War II, focusing on the rapid transition from laboratory study to mass production of natural penicillin through international military and scientific collaboration, involving forces from Britain, the United States, and Australia. The article details the crucial contributions of Oxford scientists like Florey, Chain, and Heatley, who were instrumental in developing the drug and its production methods, while also recounting the parallel but delayed wartime effort to synthesize penicillin which was not successfully completed until 1957. Furthermore, the source contrasts the Allies' success with the German commitment to sulfonamides, which hindered their early adoption of penicillin.
You can read the original article here: https://jmvh.org/article/antibacterial-warfare-the-production-of-natural-penicillin-and-the-search-for-synthetic-penicillin-during-the-second-world-war/
"A History of Australian Navy Health Officer Uniforms and Ranks (Part One)" by Dr Neil Westphalen details the evolution of Royal Australian Navy (RAN) officer uniforms and ranks, drawing parallels and distinctions with the British Royal Navy (RN) and their historical antecedents. It explores the historical context of naval organization, including the shift from 'tarpaulin' to 'gentlemen' officers and the development of commissioned and warrant ranks from the 11th century onwards. The text traces the introduction and changes in RN officer uniforms, noting how they moved from unique attire for each rank to standardized uniforms with rank insignia like sleeve stripes and distinction cloths. Furthermore, it examines the separate development and eventual integration of reserve force uniforms for both the RN and RAN, as well as women's naval services uniforms in both navies. Finally, the article discusses the addition of various warfare and sea readiness badges, highlighting the ongoing struggle for status within the naval hierarchy as expressed through uniform design.
As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-officer-uniforms-and-ranks-part-one/
"A History of Australian Navy Health Officer Uniforms and Ranks (Part Two)" by Neil Westphalen provides a comprehensive history of Australian Navy health officer uniforms and ranks, building upon previous articles that covered sailor uniforms. It meticulously details the evolution of attire and rank insignia for Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) medical, dental, medical administration, and nursing officers, tracing their origins from early warrant officer roles. The text highlights struggles for status and recognition through uniform changes, noting distinctions like the "executive curl" and specialized "distinction cloths." Furthermore, it addresses the unique journey of women in naval health roles, from their initial separate services to eventual full integration and standardized uniforms within the RAN. The article offers a detailed account of the specific uniform components and changes over centuries, illustrating how these reflected shifts in military structure and societal views.
As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-officer-uniforms-and-ranks-part-two/
"A History of Australian Navy Health Sailor Uniforms and Ranks (Part 3)" details the historical evolution of uniforms, ranks, and rate badges within the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), drawing parallels and distinctions with the British Royal Navy (RN). It focuses specifically on the insignia worn by sailors, tracing their origins from the early 19th century to more contemporary designs. The text highlights the development of rank badges for general sailors, beginning with Petty Officers in 1827 and expanding to include various classes and warrant officers. Furthermore, it examines the unique rate badges for medical and dental sailors, noting changes in their identifying symbols and the intriguing misapplication of the caduceus. The article concludes by summarizing the significant shifts in naval dress and insignia over time.
As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/a-history-of-australian-navy-health-sailor-uniforms-and-ranks-part-3/
"Warfare, Ships and Medicine in Ancient Egypt and Greece" by Dr Neil Westphalen. This academic article from the Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health explores the interconnected advancements in warfare, ships, and medicine in ancient Egypt and Greece, spanning from approximately 4000 to 30 BCE. The author, Neil Westphalen, examines how the development of new weapons and fighting tactics, such as chariots and phalanx formations, shaped military engagement. Concurrently, the text details the evolution of watercraft from early reed boats to sophisticated triremes, highlighting their roles in trade and naval battles. Finally, the article contrasts Egyptian spiritual and practical medical approaches with the Greek shift towards a more material understanding of disease, exemplified by the Hippocratic Corpus, though acknowledging the limitations imposed by philosophical biases and anatomical prohibitions.
As this podcast was produced using Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is not suitable for research, policy development or similar purposes. To such ends, the original article upon which it is based is available to read here: https://jmvh.org/article/warfare-ships-and-medicine-in-ancient-egypt-and-greece/
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