BSD Now

vBSDcon 2019 recap, Unix at 50, OpenBSD on fan-less Tuxedo InfinityBook, humungus - an hg server, how to configure a network dump in FreeBSD, and more.HeadlinesvBSDcon RecapAllan and Benedict attended vBSDcon 2019, which ended last week.It was held again at the Hyatt Regency Reston and the main conference was organized by Dan Langille of BSDCan fame.The two day conference was preceded by a one day FreeBSD hackathon, where FreeBSD developers had the chance to work on patches and PRs. In the evening, a reception was held to welcome attendees and give them a chance to chat and get to know each other over food and drinks.The first day of the conference was opened with a Keynote by Paul Vixie about DNS over HTTPS (DoH). He explained how we got to the current state and what challenges (technical and social) this entails.If you missed this talk and are dying to see it, it will also be presented at EuroBSDCon next weekJohn Baldwin followed up by giving an overview of the work on “In-Kernel TLS Framing and Encryption for FreeBSD” abstract (https://www.vbsdcon.com/schedule/2019-09-06.html#talk:132615) and the recent commit we covered in episode 313.Meanwhile, Brian Callahan was giving a separate session in another room about “Learning to (Open)BSD through its porting system: an attendee-driven educational session” where people had the chance to learn about how to create ports for the BSDs.David Fullard’s talk about “Transitioning from FreeNAS to FreeBSD” was his first talk at a BSD conference and described how he built his own home NAS setup trying to replicate FreeNAS’ functionality on FreeBSD, and why he transitioned from using an appliance to using vanilla FreeBSD.Shawn Webb followed with his overview talk about the “State of the Hardened Union”. Benedict’s talk about “Replacing an Oracle Server with FreeBSD, OpenZFS, and PostgreSQL” was well received as people are interested in how we liberated ourselves from the clutches of Oracle without compromising functionality.Entertaining and educational at the same time, Michael W. Lucas talk about “Twenty Years in Jail: FreeBSD Jails, Then and Now” closed the first day. Lucas also had a table in the hallway with his various tech and non-tech books for sale.People formed small groups and went into town for dinner. Some returned later that night to some work in the hacker lounge or talk amongst fellow BSD enthusiasts. Colin Percival was the keynote speaker for the second day and had an in-depth look at “23 years of software side channel attacks”.Allan reprised his “ELI5: ZFS Caching” talk explaining how the ZFS adaptive replacement cache (ARC) work and how it can be tuned for various workloads.“By the numbers: ZFS Performance Results from Six Operating Systems and Their Derivatives” by Michael Dexter followed with his approach to benchmarking OpenZFS on various platforms.Conor Beh was also a new speaker to vBSDcon. His talk was about “FreeBSD at Work: Building Network and Storage Infrastructure with pfSense and FreeNAS”.Two OpenBSD talks closed the talk session: Kurt Mosiejczuk with “Care and Feeding of OpenBSD Porters” and Aaron Poffenberger with “Road Warrior Disaster Recovery: Secure, Synchronized, and Backed-up”.A dinner and reception was enjoyed by the attendees and gave more time to discuss the talks given and other things until late at night.We want to thank the vBSDcon organizers and especially Dan Langille for running such a great conference. We are grateful to Verisign as the main sponsor and The FreeBSD Foundation for sponsoring the tote bags. Thanks to all the speakers and attendees!humungus - an hg server (https://humungus.tedunangst.com/r/humungus)FeaturesView changes, files, changesets, etc. Some syntax highlighting.Read only.Serves multiple repositories.Allows cloning via the obvious URL. Supports go get.Serves files for downloads.Online documentation via mandoc.Terminal based admin interface.News RoundupOpenBSD on fan-less Tuxedo InfinityBook 14″ v2. (https://hazardous.org/archive/blog/openbsd/2019/09/02/OpenBSD-on-Infinitybook14)The InfinityBook 14” v2 is a fanless 14” notebook. It is an excellent choice for running OpenBSD - but order it with the supported wireless card (see below.).I’ve set it up in a dual-boot configuration so that I can switch between Linux and OpenBSD - mainly to spot differences in the drivers. TUXEDO allows a variety of configurations through their webshop.The dual boot setup with grub2 and EFI boot will be covered in a separate blogpost. My tests were done with OpenBSD-current - which is as of writing flagged as 6.6-beta.See Article for breakdown of CPU, Wireless, Video, Webcam, Audio, ACPI, Battery, Touchpad, and MicroSD Card ReaderUnix at 50: How the OS that powered smartphones started from failure (https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/08/unix-at-50-it-starts-with-a-mainframe-a-gator-and-three-dedicated-researchers/)Maybe its pervasiveness has long obscured its origins. But Unix, the operating system that in one derivative or another powers nearly all smartphones sold worldwide, was born 50 years ago from the failure of an ambitious project that involved titans like Bell Labs, GE, and MIT. Largely the brainchild of a few programmers at Bell Labs, the unlikely story of Unix begins with a meeting on the top floor of an otherwise unremarkable annex at the sprawling Bell Labs complex in Murray Hill, New Jersey.It was a bright, cold Monday, the last day of March 1969, and the computer sciences department was hosting distinguished guests: Bill Baker, a Bell Labs vice president, and Ed David, the director of research. Baker was about to pull the plug on Multics (a condensed form of MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service), a software project that the computer sciences department had been working on for four years. Multics was two years overdue, way over budget, and functional only in the loosest possible understanding of the term.Trying to put the best spin possible on what was clearly an abject failure, Baker gave a speech in which he claimed that Bell Labs had accomplished everything it was trying to accomplish in Multics and that they no longer needed to work on the project. As Berk Tague, a staffer present at the meeting, later told Princeton University, “Like Vietnam, he declared victory and got out of Multics.”Within the department, this announcement was hardly unexpected. The programmers were acutely aware of the various issues with both the scope of the project and the computer they had been asked to build it for.Still, it was something to work on, and as long as Bell Labs was working on Multics, they would also have a $7 million mainframe computer to play around with in their spare time. Dennis Ritchie, one of the programmers working on Multics, later said they all felt some stake in the success of the project, even though they knew the odds of that success were exceedingly remote.Cancellation of Multics meant the end of the only project that the programmers in the Computer science department had to work on—and it also meant the loss of the only computer in the Computer science department. After the GE 645 mainframe was taken apart and hauled off, the computer science department’s resources were reduced to little more than office supplies and a few terminals.Some of Allan’s favourite excerpts:In the early '60s, Bill Ninke, a researcher in acoustics, had demonstrated a rudimentary graphical user interface with a DEC PDP-7 minicomputer. Acoustics still had that computer, but they weren’t using it and had stuck it somewhere out of the way up on the sixth floor.And so Thompson, an indefatigable explorer of the labs’ nooks and crannies, finally found that PDP-7 shortly after Davis and Baker cancelled Multics.With the rest of the team’s help, Thompson bundled up the various pieces of the PDP-7—a machine about the size of a refrigerator, not counting the terminal—moved it into a closet assigned to the acoustics department, and got it up and running. One way or another, they convinced acoustics to provide space for the computer and also to pay for the not infrequent repairs to it out of that department’s budget.McIlroy’s programmers suddenly had a computer, kind of. So during the summer of 1969, Thompson, Ritchie, and Canaday hashed out the basics of a file manager that would run on the PDP-7. This was no simple task. Batch computing—running programs one after the other—rarely required that a computer be able to permanently store information, and many mainframes did not have any permanent storage device (whether a tape or a hard disk) attached to them. But the time-sharing environment that these programmers had fallen in love with required attached storage. And with multiple users connected to the same computer at the same time, the file manager had to be written well enough to keep one user’s files from being written over another user’s. When a file was read, the output from that file had to be sent to the user that was opening it.It was a challenge that McIlroy’s team was willing to accept. They had seen the future of computing and wanted to explore it. They knew that Multics was a dead-end, but they had discovered the possibilities opened up by shared development, shared access, and real-time computing. Twenty years later, Ritchie characterized it for Princeton as such: “What we wanted to preserve was not just a good environment in which to do programming, but a system around which a fellowship could form.”Eventually when they had the file management system more or less fleshed out conceptually, it came time to actually write the code. The trio—all of whom had terrible handwriting—decided to use the Labs’ dictating service. One of them called up a lab extension and dictated the entire code base into a tape recorder. And thus, some unidentified clerical worker or workers soon had the unenviable task of trying to convert that into a typewritten document.Of course, it was done imperfectly. Among various errors, “inode” came back as “eye node,” but the output was still viewed as a decided improvement over their assorted scribbles.In August 1969, Thompson’s wife and son went on a three-week vacation to see her family out in Berkeley, and Thompson decided to spend that time writing an assembler, a file editor, and a kernel to manage the PDP-7 processor. This would turn the group’s file manager into a full-fledged operating system. He generously allocated himself one week for each task.Thompson finished his tasks more or less on schedule. And by September, the computer science department at Bell Labs had an operating system running on a PDP-7—and it wasn’t Multics.By the summer of 1970, the team had attached a tape drive to the PDP-7, and their blossoming OS also had a growing selection of tools for programmers (several of which persist down to this day). But despite the successes, Thompson, Canaday, and Ritchie were still being rebuffed by labs management in their efforts to get a brand-new computer.It wasn’t until late 1971 that the computer science department got a truly modern computer. The Unix team had developed several tools designed to automatically format text files for printing over the past year or so. They had done so to simplify the production of documentation for their pet project, but their tools had escaped and were being used by several researchers elsewhere on the top floor. At the same time, the legal department was prepared to spend a fortune on a mainframe program called “AstroText.” Catching wind of this, the Unix crew realized that they could, with only a little effort, upgrade the tools they had written for their own use into something that the legal department could use to prepare patent applications.The computer science department pitched lab management on the purchase of a DEC PDP-11 for document production purposes, and Max Mathews offered to pay for the machine out of the acoustics department budget. Finally, management gave in and purchased a computer for the Unix team to play with. Eventually, word leaked out about this operating system, and businesses and institutions with PDP-11s began contacting Bell Labs about their new operating system. The Labs made it available for free—requesting only the cost of postage and media from anyone who wanted a copy.The rest has quite literally made tech history.See the link for the rest of the articleHow to configure a network dump in FreeBSD? (https://www.oshogbo.vexillium.org/blog/68/)A network dump might be very useful for collecting kernel crash dumps from embedded machines and machines with a larger amount of RAM then available swap partition size. Besides net dumps we can also try to compress the core dump. However, often this may still not be enough swap to keep whole core dump. In such situation using network dump is a convenient and reliable way for collecting kernel dump.So, first, let’s talk a little bit about history. The first implementation of the network dumps was implemented around 2000 for the FreeBSD 4.x as a kernel module. The code was implemented in 2010 with the intention of being part of FreeBSD 9.0. However, the code never landed in FreeBSD. Finally, in 2018 with the commit r333283 by Mark Johnston the netdump client code landed in the FreeBSD. Subsequently, many other commitments were then implemented to add support for the different drivers (for example r333289). The first official release of FreeBSD, which support netdump is FreeBSD 12.0.Now, let’s get back to the main topic. How to configure the network dump? Two machines are needed. One machine is to collect core dump, let’s call it server. We will use the second one to send us the core dump - the client. See the link for the rest of the articleBeastie BitsSudo Mastery 2nd edition is not out (https://mwl.io/archives/4530)Empirical Notes on the Interaction Between Continuous Kernel Fuzzing and Development (http://users.utu.fi/kakrind/publications/19/vulnfuzz_camera.pdf)soso (https://github.com/ozkl/soso)GregKH - OpenBSD was right (https://youtu.be/gUqcMs0svNU?t=254)Game of Trees (https://gameoftrees.org/faq.html)Feedback/QuestionsBostJan - Another Question (http://dpaste.com/1ZPCCQY#wrap)Tom - PF (http://dpaste.com/3ZSCB8N#wrap)JohnnyK - Changing VT without keys (http://dpaste.com/3QZQ7Q5#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

Unix virtual memory when you have no swap space, Dsynth details on Dragonfly, Instant Workstation on FreeBSD, new servers new tech, Experimenting with streaming setups on NetBSD, NetBSD’s progress towards Steam support thanks to GSoC, and more.HeadlinesWhat has to happen with Unix virtual memory when you have no swap space (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/NoSwapConsequence)Recently, Artem S. Tashkinov wrote on the Linux kernel mailing list about a Linux problem under memory pressure (via, and threaded here). The specific reproduction instructions involved having low RAM, turning off swap space, and then putting the system under load, and when that happened (emphasis mine):Once you hit a situation when opening a new tab requires more RAM than is currently available, the system will stall hard. You will barely be able to move the mouse pointer. Your disk LED will be flashing incessantly (I'm not entirely sure why). [...]I'm afraid I have bad news for the people snickering at Linux here; if you're running without swap space, you can probably get any Unix to behave this way under memory pressure. If you can't on your particular Unix, I'd actually say that your Unix is probably not letting you get full use out of your RAM.To simplify a bit, we can divide pages of user memory up into anonymous pages and file-backed pages. File-backed pages are what they sound like; they come from some specific file on the filesystem that they can be written out to (if they're dirty) or read back in from. Anonymous pages are not backed by a file, so the only place they can be written out to and read back in from is swap space. Anonymous pages mostly come from dynamic memory allocations and from modifying the program's global variables and data; file backed pages come mostly from mapping files into memory with mmap() and also, crucially, from the code and read-only data of the program.See link for the rest of the articleDsynth details on Dragonfly (https://www.dragonflydigest.com/2019/08/27/23398.html)First, history: DragonFly has had binaries of dports available for download for quite some time. These were originally built using poudriere, and then using the synth tool put together by John Marino. Synth worked both to build all software in dports, and as a way to test DragonFly’s SMP capability under extreme load.Matthew Dillon is working on a new version, called dsynth. It is available now but not yet part of the build. He’s been working quickly on it and there’s plenty more commits than what I have linked here. It’s already led to finding more high-load fixes.dsynthDSynth is basically synth written in C, from scratch. It is designed to give us a bulk builder in base and be friendly to porting and jails down the line (for now its uses chroot's).The original synth was written by John R. Marino and its basic flow was used in writing this program, but as it was written in ada no code was directly copied.The intent is to make dsynth compatible with synth's configuration files and directory structure.This is a work in progress and not yet ready for prime-time. Pushing so we can get some more eyeballs. Most of the directives do not yet work (everything, and build works, and 'cleanup' can be used to clean up any dangling mounts).dsynth code (https://gitweb.dragonflybsd.org/dragonfly.git/blob/HEAD:/usr.bin/dsynth/dsynth.1)News RoundupInstant Workstation (https://euroquis.nl/freebsd/2019/08/12/instant-workstation.html)Some considerable time ago I wrote up instructions on how to set up a FreeBSD machine with the latest KDE Plasma Desktop. Those instructions, while fairly short (set up X, install the KDE meta-port, .. and that’s it) are a bit fiddly.So – prompted slightly by a Twitter exchange recently – I’ve started a mini-sub-project to script the installation of a desktop environment and the bits needed to support it. To give it at least a modicum of UI, dialog(1) is used to ask for an environment to install and a display manager.The tricky bits – pointed out to me after I started – are hardware support, although a best-effort is better than having nothing, I think.In any case, in a VBox host it’s now down to running a single script and picking Plasma and SDDM to get a usable system for me. Other combinations have not been tested, nor has system-hardware-setup. I’ll probably maintain it for a while and if I have time and energy it’ll be tried with nVidia (those work quite well on FreeBSD) and AMD (not so much, in my experience) graphics cards when I shuffle some machines around.Here is the script in my GitHub repository with notes-for-myself. (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adriaandegroot/FreeBSDTools/master/bin/instant-workstation)New Servers, new Tech (https://www.dragonflydigest.com/2019/08/26/23396.html)Following up on an earlier post, the new servers for DragonFly are in place. The old 40-core machine used for bulk build, monster, is being retired. The power efficiency of the new machines is startling. Incidentally, this is where donations go – infrastructure.New servers in the colo, monster is being retired (http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/users/2019-August/358271.html)We have three new servers in the colo now that will be taking most/all bulk package building duties from monster and the two blades (muscles and pkgbox64) that previously did the work. Monster will be retired. The new servers are a dual-socket Xeon (sting) and two 3900X based systems (thor and loki) which all together burn only around half the wattage that monster burned (500W vs 1000W) and 3 times the performance. That's at least a 6:1 improvement in performance efficiency.With SSD prices down significantly the new machines have all-SSDs. These new machines allow us to build dports binary packages for release, master, and staged at the same time and reduces the full-on bulk build times for getting all three done down from 2 weeks to 2 days. It will allow us to more promptly synchronize updates to ports with dports and get binary packages up sooner.Monster, our venerable 48-core quad-socket opteron is being retired. This was a wonderful dev machine for working on DragonFly's SMP algorithms over the last 6+ years precisely because its inter-core and inter-socket latencies were quite high. If a SMP algorithm wasn't spot-on, you could feel it. Over the years DragonFly's performance on monster in doing things like bulk builds increased radically as the SMP algorithms got better and the cores became more and more localized. This kept monster relevant far longer than I thought it would be.But we are at a point now where improvements in efficiency are just too good to ignore. Monster's quad-socket opteron (4 x 12 core 6168's) pulls 1000W under full load while a single Ryzen 3900X (12 core / 24 thread) in a server configuration pulls only 150W, and is slightly faster on the same workload to boot.I would like to thank everyone's generous donations over the last few years! We burned a few thousand on the new machines (as well as the major SSD upgrades we did to the blades) and made very good use of the money, particularly this year as prices for all major components (RAM, SSDs, CPUs, Mobos, etc) have dropped significantly.Experimenting with streaming setups on NetBSD (https://dressupgeekout.blogspot.com/2019/08/experimenting-with-streaming-setups-on.html?m=1)Ever since OBS was successfully ported to NetBSD, I’ve been trying it out, seeing what works and what doesn’t. I’ve only just gotten started, and there’ll definitely be a lot of tweaking going forward.Capturing a specific application’s windows seems to work okay. Capturing an entire display works, too. I actually haven’t tried streaming to Twitch or YouTube yet, but in a previous experiment a few weeks ago, I was able to run a FFmpeg command line and that could stream to Twitch mostly OK.My laptop combined with my external monitor allows me to have a dual-monitor setup wherein the smaller laptop screen can be my “broadcasting station” while the bigger screen is where all the action takes place. I can make OBS visible on all Xfce workspaces, but keep it tucked away on that display only. Altogether, the setup should let me use the big screen for the fun stuff but I can still monitor everything in the small screen.NetBSD Made Progress Thanks To GSoC In Its March Towards Steam Support (https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=NetBSD-Linux-DRM-Ioctl-GSoC2019)Ultimately the goal is to get Valve's Steam client running on NetBSD using their Linux compatibility layer while the focus the past few months with Google Summer of Code 2019 were supporting the necessary DRM ioctls for allowing Linux software running on NetBSD to be able to tap accelerated graphics support.Student developer Surya P spent the summer working on compat_netbsd32 DRM interfaces to allow Direct Rendering Manager using applications running under their Linux compatibility layer.These interfaces have been tested and working as well as updating the "suse131" packages in NetBSD to make use of those interfaces. So the necessary interfaces are now in place for Linux software running on NetBSD to be able to use accelerated graphics though Steam itself isn't yet running on NetBSD with this layer.Those curious about this DRM ioctl GSoC project can learn more from the NetBSD blog (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/gsoc_2019_report_implementation_of). NetBSD has also been seeing work this summer on Wayland support and better Wine support to ultimately make this BSD a better desktop operating system and potentially a comparable gaming platform to Linux.Beastie BitsFreeBSD in Wellington? (https://twitter.com/MengTangmu/status/1163265206660694016)FreeBSD on GFE (https://twitter.com/onewilshire/status/1163792878642114560)Clarification (https://twitter.com/onewilshire/status/1166323112620826624) Distrotest.net now with BSDs (https://distrotest.net/)Lecture: Anykernels meet fuzzing NetBSD (https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/camp/2019/Fahrplan/events/10334.html)Sun Microsystems business plan from 1982 [pdf] (https://www.khoslaventures.com/wp-content/uploads/SunMicrosystem_bus_plan.pdf)Feedback/QuestionsAlan - Questions (http://dpaste.com/1Z8EGTW)Rodriguez - Feedback and a question (http://dpaste.com/2PZFP4X#wrap)Jeff - OpenZFS follow-up, FreeBSD Adventures (http://dpaste.com/02ZM6YE#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

OpenBSD on 7th gen Thinkpad X1 Carbon, how to install FreeBSD on a MacBook, Kernel portion of in-kernel TLS (KTLS), Boot Environments on DragonflyBSD, Project Trident Updates, vBSDcon schedule, and more.HeadlinesOpenBSD on the Thinkpad X1 Carbon 7th Gen (https://jcs.org/2019/08/14/x1c7)Another year, another ThinkPad X1 Carbon, this time with a Dolby Atmos sound system and a smaller battery.The seventh generation X1 Carbon isn't much different than the fifth and sixth generations. I opted for the non-vPro Core i5-8265U, 16Gb of RAM, a 512Gb NVMe SSD, and a matte non-touch WQHD display at ~300 nits. A brighter 500-nit 4k display is available, though early reports indicated it severely impacts battery life.Gone are the microSD card slot on the back and 1mm of overall thickness (from 15.95mm to 14.95mm), but also 6Whr of battery (down to 51Whr) and a little bit of travel in the keyboard and TrackPoint buttons. I still very much like the feel of both of them, so kudos to Lenovo for not going too far down the Apple route of sacrificing performance and usability just for a thinner profile.On my fifth generation X1 Carbon, I used a vinyl plotter to cut out stickers to cover the webcam, "X1 Carbon" branding from the bottom of the display, the power button LED, and the "ThinkPad" branding from the lower part of the keyboard deck.See link for the rest of the articleHow To Install FreeBSD On A MacBook 1,1 or 2,1 (http://lexploit.com/freebsdmacbook1-1-2-1/) FreeBSD Setup For MacBook 1,1 and 2,1FreeBSD with some additional setup can be installed on a MacBook 1,1 or 2,1. This article covers how to do so with FreeBSD 10-12.InstallingFreeBSD can be installed as the only OS on your MacBook if desired. What you should have is:A Mac OS X 10.4.6-10.7.5 installer. Unofficial versions modified for these MacBooks such as 10.8 also work.A blank CD or DVD to burn the FreeBSD image to. Discs simply work best with these older MacBooks.An ISO file of FreeBSD for x86. The AMD64 ISO does not boot due to the 32 bit EFI of these MacBooks.Burn the ISO file to the blank CD or DVD. Once done, make sure it's in your MacBook and then power off the MacBook. Turn it on, and hold down the c key until the FreeBSD disc boots.See link for the rest of the guideNews RoundupPatch for review: Kernel portion of in-kernel TLS (KTLS) (https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=351522)One of the projects I have been working on for the past several months in conjunction with several other folks is upstreaming work from Netflix to handle some aspects of Transport Layer Security (TLS) in the kernel. In particular, this lets a web server use sendfile() to send static content on HTTPS connections. There is a lot more detail in the review itself, so I will spare pasting a big wall of text here. However, I have posted the patch to add the kernel-side of KTLS for review at the URL below. KTLS also requires other patches to OpenSSL and nginx, but this review is only for the kernel bits. Patches and reviews for the other bits will follow later.https://reviews.freebsd.org/D21277DragonFly Boot Enviroments (https://github.com/newnix/dfbeadm)This is a tool inspired by the beadm utility for FreeBSD/Illumos systems that creates and manages ZFS boot environments. This utility in contrast is written from the ground up in C, this should provide better performance, integration, and extensibility than the POSIX sh and awk script it was inspired by. During the time this project has been worked on, beadm has been superseded by bectl on FreeBSD. After hammering out some of the outstanding internal logic issues, I might look at providing a similar interface to the command as bectl.See link for the rest of the detailsProject Trident Updates19.08 Available (https://project-trident.org/post/2019-08-15_19.08_available/)This is a general package update to the CURRENT release repository based upon TrueOS 19.08.Legacy boot ISO functional againThis update includes the FreeBSD fixes for the “vesa” graphics driver for legacy-boot systems. The system can once again be installed on legacy-boot systems.PACKAGE CHANGES FROM 19.07-U1New Packages: 154Deleted Packages: 394Updated Packages: 492612-U3 Available (https://project-trident.org/post/2019-08-22_stable12-u3_available/)This is the third general package update to the STABLE release repository based upon TrueOS 12-Stable.PACKAGE CHANGES FROM STABLE 12-U2New Packages: 105Deleted Packages: 386Updated Packages: 1046vBSDcon (https://www.vbsdcon.com/schedule/)vBSDcon 2019 will return to the Hyatt Regency in Reston, VA on September 5-7 2019.***Beastie BitsThe next NYCBUG meeting will be Sept 4 @ 18:45 (https://www.nycbug.org/index?action=view&id=10671)Feedback/QuestionsTom - Questions (http://dpaste.com/1AXXK7G#wrap)Michael - dfbeadm (http://dpaste.com/0PNEDYT#wrap)Bostjan - Questions (http://dpaste.com/1N7T7BR#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

The UNIX Philosophy in 2019, why use package managers, touchpad interrupted, Porting wine to amd64 on NetBSD second evaluation report, Enhancing Syzkaller Support for NetBSD, all about the Pinebook Pro, killing a process and all of its descendants, fast software the best software, and more.HeadlinesThe UNIX Philosophy in 2019 (https://triosdevelopers.com/jason.eckert/blog/Entries/2019/6/1_Entry_1.html)Today, Linux and open source rules the world, and the UNIX philosophy is widely considered compulsory. Organizations are striving to build small, focused applications that work collaboratively in a cloud and microservices environment. We rely on the network, as well as HTTP (text) APIs for storing and referencing data. Moreover, nearly all configuration is stored and communicated using text (e.g. YAML, JSON or XML). And while the UNIX philosophy has changed dramatically over the past 5 decades, it hasn’t strayed too far from Ken Thompson’s original definition in 1973:We write programs that do one thing and do it wellWe write programs to work togetherAnd we write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interfaceWhy Use Package Managers? (https://uwm.edu/hpc/software-management/)Valuable research is often hindered or outright prevented by the inability to install software. This need not be the case.Since I began supporting research computing in 1999, I’ve frequently seen researchers struggle for days or weeks trying to install a single open source application. In most cases, they ultimately failed.In many cases, they could have easily installed the software in seconds with one simple command, using a package manager such as Debian packages, FreeBSD ports, MacPorts, or Pkgsrc, just to name a few.Developer websites often contain poorly written instructions for doing “caveman installs”; manually downloading, unpacking, patching, and building the software. The same laborious process must often be followed for other software packages on which it depends, which can sometimes number in the dozens. Many researchers are simply unaware that there are easier ways to install the software they need. Caveman installs are a colossal waste of man-hours. If 1000 people around the globe spend an average of 20 hours each trying to install the same program that could have been installed with a package manager (this is not uncommon), then 20,000 man-hours have been lost that could have gone toward science. How many important discoveries are delayed by this?The elite research institutions have ample funding and dozens of IT staff dedicated to research computing. They can churn out publications even if their operation is inefficient. Most institutions, however, have few or no IT staff dedicated to research, and cannot afford to squander precious man-hours on temporary, one-off software installs. The wise approach for those of us in that situation is to collaborate on making software deployment easier for everyone. If we do so, then even the smallest research groups can leverage that work to be more productive and make more frequent contributions to science.Fortunately, the vast majority of open source software installs can be made trivial for anyone to do for themselves. Modern package managers perform all the same steps as a caveman install, but automatically. Package managers also install dependencies for us automatically.News RoundupTouchpad, Interrupted (https://jcs.org/2019/07/28/ihidev)For two years I've been driving myself crazy trying to figure out the source of a driver problem on OpenBSD: interrupts never arrived for certain touchpad devices. A couple weeks ago, I put out a public plea asking for help in case any non-OpenBSD developers recognized the problem, but while debugging an unrelated issue over the weekend, I finally solved it.It's been a long journey and it's a technical tale, but here it is.Porting wine to amd64 on NetBSD, second evaluation report (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/porting_wine_to_amd64_on2)SummaryPresently, Wine on amd64 is in test phase. It seems to work fine with caveats like LDLIBRARYPATH which has to be set as 32-bit Xorg libs don't have ${PREFIX}/emul/netbsd32/lib in its rpath section. The latter is due to us extracting 32-bit libs from tarballs in lieu of building 32-bit Xorg on amd64. As previously stated, pkgsrc doesn't search for pkgconfig files in ${PREFIX}/emul/netbsd32/lib which might have inadvertent effects that I am unaware of as of now. I shall be working on these issues during the final coding period. I would like to thank @leot, @maya and @christos for saving me from shooting myself in the foot many a time. I, admittedly, have had times when multiple approaches, which all seemed right at that time, perplexed me. I believe those are times when having a mentor counts, and I have been lucky enough to have really good ones. Once again, thanks to Google for this wonderful opportunity.Enhancing Syzkaller Support for NetBSD, Part 2 (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/enchancing_syzkaller_support_for_netbsd)As a part of Google Summer of Code’19, I am working on improving the support for Syzkaller kernel fuzzer. Syzkaller is an unsupervised coverage-guided kernel fuzzer, that supports a variety of operating systems including NetBSD. This report details the work done during the second coding period.You can also take a look at the first report to learn more about the initial support that we added. : https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/enhancingsyzkallersupportfornetbsdJuly Update: All about the Pinebook Pro (https://www.pine64.org/2019/07/05/july-update-all-about-the-pinebook-pro/)"So I said I won’t be talking about the BSDs, but I feel like I should at the very least give you a general overview of the RK3399 *BSD functionality. I’ll make it quick. I’ve spoken to *BSD devs whom worked on the RockPro64 and from what I’ve gathered (despite the different *BSDs having varying degree of support for the RK3399 SOC) many of the core features are already supported, which bodes well for *BSD on the Pro. That said, some of the things you’d require on a functional laptop – such as the LCD (using eDP) for instance – will not work on the Pinebook Pro using *BSD as of today. So clearly a degree of work is yet needed for a BSD to run on the device. However, keep in mind that *BSD developers will be receiving their units soon and by the time you receive yours some basic functionality may be available."Killing a process and all of its descendants (http://morningcoffee.io/killing-a-process-and-all-of-its-descendants.html)Killing processes in a Unix-like system can be trickier than expected. Last week I was debugging an odd issue related to job stopping on Semaphore. More specifically, an issue related to the killing of a running process in a job. Here are the highlights of what I learned:Unix-like operating systems have sophisticated process relationships. Parent-child, process groups, sessions, and session leaders. However, the details are not uniform across operating systems like Linux and macOS. POSIX compliant operating systems support sending signals to process groups with a negative PID number.Sending signals to all processes in a session is not trivial with syscalls.Child processes started with exec inherit their parent signal configuration. If the parent process is ignoring the SIGHUP signal, for example, this configuration is propagated to the children.The answer to the “What happens with orphaned process groups” question is not trivial.Fast Software, the Best Software (https://craigmod.com/essays/fast_software/)I love fast software. That is, software speedy both in function and interface. Software with minimal to no lag between wanting to activate or manipulate something and the thing happening. Lightness.Software that’s speedy usually means it’s focused. Like a good tool, it often means that it’s simple, but that’s not necessarily true. Speed in software is probably the most valuable, least valued asset. To me, speedy software is the difference between an application smoothly integrating into your life, and one called upon with great reluctance. Fastness in software is like great margins in a book — makes you smile without necessarily knowing why.But why is slow bad? Fast software is not always good software, but slow software is rarely able to rise to greatness. Fast software gives the user a chance to “meld” with its toolset. That is, not break flow. When the nerds upon Nerd Hill fight to the death over Vi and Emacs, it’s partly because they have such a strong affinity for the flow of the application and its meldiness. They have invested. The Tool Is Good, so they feel. Not breaking flow is an axiom of great tools.A typewriter is an excellent tool because, even though it’s slow in a relative sense, every aspect of the machine itself operates as quickly as the user can move. It is focused. There are no delays when making a new line or slamming a key into the paper. Yes, you have to put a new sheet of paper into the machine at the end of a page, but that action becomes part of the flow of using the machine, and the accumulation of paper a visual indication of work completed. It is not wasted work. There are no fundamental mechanical delays in using the machine. The best software inches ever closer to the physical directness of something like a typewriter. (The machine may break down, of course, ribbons need to be changed — but this is maintenance and separate from the use of the tool. I’d be delighted to “maintain” Photoshop if it would lighten it up.)Beastie BitsRegister for vBSDCon 2019, Sept 5-7 in Reston VA (https://vbsdcon.com/registration)Register for EuroBSDCon 2019, Sept 19-22 in Lillehammer, Norway (https://2019.eurobsdcon.org/registration/)Feedback/QuestionsPaulo - FreeNAS Question (http://dpaste.com/2GDG7WR#wrap)Marc - Changing VT without function keys? (http://dpaste.com/1AKC7A1#wrap)Caleb - Patch, update, and upgrade management (http://dpaste.com/2D6J482#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

NetBSD 9.0 release process has started, xargs, a tale of two spellcheckers, Adapting TriforceAFL for NetBSD, Exploiting a no-name freebsd kernel vulnerability, and more.HeadlinesNetBSD 9.0 release process has started (https://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-announce/2019/07/31/msg000301.html)If you have been following source-changes, you may have noticed the creation of the netbsd-9 branch! It has some really exciting items that we worked on:+ New AArch64 architecture support: + Symmetric and asymmetrical multiprocessing support (aka big.LITTLE) + Support for running 32-bit binaries + UEFI and ACPI support + Support for SBSA/SBBR (server-class) hardware.+ The FDT-ization of many ARM boards: + the 32-bit GENERIC kernel lists 129 different DTS configurations + the 64-bit GENERIC64 kernel lists 74 different DTS configurations + All supported by a single kernel, without requiring per-board configuration.+ Graphics driver update, matching Linux 4.4, adding support for up to Kaby Lake based Intel graphics devices.+ ZFS has been updated to a modern version and seen many bugfixes.+ New hardware-accelerated virtualization via NVMM.+ NPF performance improvements and bug fixes. A new lookup algorithm, thmap, is now the default.+ NVMe performance improvements+ Optional kernel ASLR support, and partial kernel ASLR for the default configuration.+ Kernel sanitizers: + KLEAK, detecting memory leaks + KASAN, detecting memory overruns + KUBSAN, detecting undefined behaviour + These have been used together with continuous fuzzing via the syzkaller project to find many bugs that were fixed.+ The removal of outdated networking components such as ISDN and all of its drivers+ The installer is now capable of performing GPT UEFI installations.+ Dramatically improved support for userland sanitizers, as well as the option to build all of NetBSD's userland using them for bug-finding.+ Update to graphics userland: Mesa was updated to 18.3.4, and llvmpipe is now available for several architectures, providing 3D graphics even in the absence of a supported GPU.We try to test NetBSD as best as we can, but your testing can help NetBSD 9.0 a great release. Please test it and let us know of any bugs you find.+ Binaries are available at https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-9/latest/xargs wtf (https://medium.com/@aarontharris/xargs-wtf-34d2618286b7) xargs is probably one of the more difficult to understand of the unix command arsenal and of course that just means it’s one of the most useful too.I discovered a handy trick that I thought was worth a share. Please note there are probably other (better) ways to do this but I did my stackoverflow research and found nothing better.xargs — at least how I’ve most utilized it — is handy for taking some number of lines as input and doing some work per line. It’s hard to be more specific than that as it does so much else.It literally took me an hour of piecing together random man pages + tips from 11 year olds on stack overflow, but eventually I produced this gem:This is an example of how to find files matching a certain pattern and rename each of them. It sounds so trivial (and it is) but it demonstrates some cool tricks in an easy concept.News RoundupPkgSrc: A Tale of Two Spellcheckers (https://bentsukun.ch/posts/pkgsrccon-2019/)This is a transcript of the talk I gave at pkgsrcCon 2019 in Cambridge, UK. It is about spellcheckers, but there are much more general software engineering lessons that we can learn from this case study.The reason I got into this subject at all was my paternal leave last year, when I finally had some more time to spend working on pkgsrc. It was a tiny item in the enormous TODO file at the top of the source tree (“update enchant to version 2.2”) that made me go into this rabbit hole.Adapting TriforceAFL for NetBSD, Part 2 (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/adapting_triforceafl_for_netbsd_part1)I have been working on adapting TriforceAFL for NetBSD kernel syscall fuzzing. This blog post summarizes the work done until the second evaluation.For work done during the first coding period, check out this post.Summary> So far, the TriforceNetBSDSyscallFuzzer has been made available in the form of a pkgsrc package with the ability to fuzz most of NetBSD syscalls. In the final coding period of GSoC. I plan to analyse the crashes that were found until now. Integrate sanitizers, try and find more bugs and finally wrap up neatly with detailed documentation.> Last but not least, I would like to thank my mentor, Kamil Rytarowski for helping me through the process and guiding me. It has been a wonderful learning experience so far!Exploiting a no-name freebsd kernel vulnerability (https://www.synacktiv.com/posts/exploit/exploiting-a-no-name-freebsd-kernel-vulnerability.html)A new patch has been recently shipped in FreeBSD kernels to fix a vulnerability (cve-2019-5602) present in the cdrom device. In this post, we will introduce the bug and discuss its exploitation on pre/post-SMEP FreeBSD revisions.> A closer look at the commit 6bcf6e3 shows that when invoking the CDIOCREADSUBCHANNEL_SYSSPACE ioctl, data are copied with bcopy instead of the copyout primitive. This endows a local attacker belonging to the operator group with an arbitrary write primitive in the kernel memory.[Allan and Benedicts Conference Gear Breakdown]Benedict’s Gear:GlocalMe G3 Mobile Travel HotSpot and Powerbank (https://www.glocalme.com/CA/en-US/cloudsim/g3)Mogics Power Bagel (http://www.mogics.com/3824-2)Charby Sense Power Cable (https://charbycharge.com/charby-sense-worlds-smartest-auto-cutoff-cable/)Allan’s Gear:Huawei E5770s-320 4G LTE 150 Mbps Mobile WiFi Pro (https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B013CEGGKI/)AOW Global Data SIM Card for On-Demand 4G LTE Mobile Data in Over 90 Countries (https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B071HJFX27/)All my devices charge from USB-C, so that is greatMore USB thumb drives than strictly necessaryMy Lenovo X270 laptop running FreeBSD 13-currentMy 2016 Macbook Pro (a prize from the raffle at vBSDCon 2017) that I use for email and video conferencing to preserve battery on my FreeBSD machine for workBeastie BitsReplacing the Unix tradition (Warning may be rage inducing) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9v4Mg8wi4U&feature=youtu.be)Installing OpenBSD over remote serial on the AtomicPI (https://www.thanassis.space/remoteserial.html#remoteserial)Zen 2 and DragonFly (https://www.dragonflydigest.com/2019/08/05/23294.html)Improve Docking on FreeBSD (https://blog.yukiisbo.red/posts/2019/05/improve-docking-on-freebsd/)Register for vBSDCon 2019, Sept 5-7 in Reston VA. Early bird ends August 15th. (https://vbsdcon.com/registration)Register for EuroBSDCon 2019, Sept 19-22 in Lillehammer, Norway (https://2019.eurobsdcon.org/registration/)Feedback/QuestionsJT - Congrats (http://dpaste.com/0D7Y31E#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

OPNsense 19.7.1 is out, ZFS on Linux still has annoying issues with ARC size, Hammer2 is now default, NetBSD audio – an application perspective, new FreeNAS Mini, and more. HeadlinesOPNsense 19.7.1 (https://opnsense.org/opnsense-19-7-1-released/)We do not wish to keep you from enjoying your summer time, but thisis a recommended security update enriched with reliability fixes for thenew 19.7 series. Of special note are performance improvements as wellas a fix for a longstanding NAT before IPsec limitation.Full patch notes:system: do not create automatic copies of existing gatewayssystem: do not translate empty tunables descriptionssystem: remove unwanted form action tagssystem: do not include Syslog-ng in rc.freebsd handlersystem: fix manual system log stop/start/restartsystem: scoped IPv6 "%" could confuse mwexecf(), use plain mwexec() insteadsystem: allow curl-based downloads to use both trusted and local authoritiessystem: fix group privilege print and correctly redirect after editsystem: use cached address list in referrer checksystem: fix Syslog-ng search statsfirewall: HTML-escape dynamic entries to display aliasesfirewall: display correct IP version in automatic rulesfirewall: fix a warning while reading empty outbound rules configurationfirewall: skip illegal log lines in live loginterfaces: performance improvements for configurations with hundreds of interfacesreporting: performance improvements for Python 3 NetFlow aggregator rewritedhcp: move advanced router advertisement options to correct config sectionipsec: replace global array access with function to ensure side-effect free bootipsec: change DPD action on start to "dpdaction = restart"ipsec: remove already default "dpdaction = none" if not setipsec: use interface IP address in local ID when doing NAT before IPsecweb proxy: fix database reset for Squid 4 by replacing use of sslcrtd with securityfile_certgenplugins: os-acme-client 1.24[1]plugins: os-bind 1.6[2]plugins: os-dnscrypt-proxy 1.5[3]plugins: os-frr now restricts characters BGP prefix-list and route-maps[4]plugins: os-google-cloud-sdk 1.0[5]ports: curl 7.65.3[6]ports: monit 5.26.0[7]ports: openssh 8.0p1[8]ports: php 7.2.20[9]ports: python 3.7.4[10]ports: sqlite 3.29.0[11]ports: squid 4.8[12]Stay safe and hydrated, Your OPNsense teamZFS on Linux still has annoying issues with ARC size (https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/linux/ZFSOnLinuxARCShrinkage)One of the frustrating things about operating ZFS on Linux is that the ARC size is critical but ZFS's auto-tuning of it is opaque and apparently prone to malfunctions, where your ARC will mysteriously shrink drastically and then stick there.Linux's regular filesystem disk cache is very predictable; if you do disk IO, the cache will relentlessly grow to use all of your free memory. This sometimes disconcerts people when free reports that there's very little memory actually free, but at least you're getting value from your RAM. This is so reliable and regular that we generally don't think about 'is my system going to use all of my RAM as a disk cache', because the answer is always 'yes'. (The general filesystem cache is also called the page cache.)This is unfortunately not the case with the ZFS ARC in ZFS on Linux (and it wasn't necessarily the case even on Solaris). ZFS has both a current size and a 'target size' for the ARC (called 'c' in ZFS statistics). When your system boots this target size starts out as the maximum allowed size for the ARC, but various events afterward can cause it to be reduced (which obviously limits the size of your ARC, since that's its purpose). In practice, this reduction in the target size is both pretty sticky and rather mysterious (as ZFS on Linux doesn't currently expose enough statistics to tell why your ARC target size shrunk in any particular case).The net effect is that the ZFS ARC is not infrequently quite shy and hesitant about using memory, in stark contrast to Linux's normal filesystem cache. The default maximum ARC size starts out as only half of your RAM (unlike the regular filesystem cache, which will use all of it), and then it shrinks from there, sometimes very significantly, and once shrunk it only recovers slowly (if at all).News RoundupHammer2 is now default (http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/commits/2019-June/718989.html)```commit a49112761c919d42d405ec10252eb0553662c824Author: Matthew Dillon Date: Mon Jun 10 17:53:46 2019 -0700installer - Default to HAMMER2* Change the installer default from HAMMER1 to HAMMER2.* Adjust the nrelease build to print the location of the image files when it finishes.Summary of changes: nrelease/Makefile | 2 +- usr.sbin/installer/dfuibe_installer/flow.c | 20 ++++++++++---------- 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)http://gitweb.dragonflybsd.org/dragonfly.git/commitdiff/a49112761c919d42d405ec10252eb0553662c824```NetBSD audio – an application perspective (https://netbsd.org/gallery/presentations/nia/netbsd-audio/)NetBSD audio – an application perspective ... or, "doing it natively, because we can"audio options for NetBSD in pkgsrcUse NetBSD native audio (sun audio/audioio.h)Or OSS emulation layer: Basically a wrapper around sun audio in the kernel. Incomplete and old version, but works for simple stuffMany many abstraction layers available:OpenAL-Softalsa-lib (config file required)libao, GStreamer (plugins!)PortAudio, SDLPulseAudio, JACK... lots more!? some obsolete stuff (esd, nas?)Advantages of using NetBSD audio directlyLow latency, low CPU usage: Abstraction layers differ in latency (SDL2 vs ALSA/OpenAL)Query device information: Is /dev/audio1 a USB microphone or another sound card?Avoid bugs from excessive layeringNice API, well documented: [nia note: I had no idea how to write audio code. I read a man page and now I do.]Your code might work on illumos too[nia note: SDL2 seems very sensitive to the blk_ms sysctl being high or low, with other implementations there seems to be a less noticable difference. I don't know why.]New FreeNAS Mini (https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/new-freenas-mini-models-release-pr/)Two new FreeNAS Mini systems join the very popular FreeNAS Mini and Mini XL:FreeNAS Mini XL+: This powerful 10 Bay platform (8x 3.5” and 1x 2.5” hot-swap, 1x 2.5” internal) includes the latest, compact server technology and provides dual 10GbE ports, 8 CPU cores and 32 GB RAM for high performance workgroups. The Mini XL+ scales beyond 100TB and is ideal for very demanding applications, including hosting virtual machines and multimedia editing. Starting at $1499, the Mini XL+ configured with cache SSD and 80 TB capacity is $4299, and consumes about 100 Watts.FreeNAS Mini E: This cost-effective 4 Bay platform provides the resources required for SOHO use with quad GbE ports and 8 GB of RAM. The Mini E is ideal for file sharing, streaming and transcoding video at 1080p. Starting at $749, the Mini E configured with 8 TB capacity is $999, and consumes about 36 Watts.Beastie BitsWelcome to NetBSD 9.99.1! (https://mail-index.netbsd.org/source-changes/2019/07/30/msg107671.html)Berkeley smorgasbord — part II (http://blog.snailtext.com/posts/berkeley-smorgasbord-part-2.html)dtracing postgres (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Brt41xnMZqo&list=PLuJmmKtsV1dOTmlImlD9U5j1P1rLxS2V8&index=20&t=0s)Project Trident 19.07-U1 now available (https://project-trident.org/post/2019-07-30_19.07-u1_available/)Need a Secure Operating System? Take a Look at OpenBSD (https://www.devprojournal.com/technology-trends/operating-systems/need-a-secure-operating-system-take-a-look-at-openbsd/)Feedback/QuestionsJeff - OpenZFS Port Testing Feedback (http://dpaste.com/2AT7JGP#wrap)Malcolm - Best Practices for Custom Ports (http://dpaste.com/1R170D7)Michael - Little Correction (http://dpaste.com/0CERP6R)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

DragonFlyBSD Project Update - colo upgrade, future trends, resuming ZFS send, realtime bandwidth terminal graph visualization, fixing telnet fixes, a chapter from the FBI’s history with OpenBSD and an OpenSSH vuln, and more.HeadlinesDragonFlyBSD Project Update - colo upgrade, future trends (http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/users/2019-July/358226.html)For the last week I've been testing out a replacement for Monster, our 48-core opteron server. The project will be removing Monster from the colo in a week or two and replacing it with three machines which together will use half the power that Monster did alone.The goal is to clear out a little power budget in the colo and to really beef-up our package-building capabilities to reduce the turn-around time needed to test ports syncs and updates to the binary package system.Currently we use two blades to do most of the building, plus monster sometimes. The blades take almost a week (120 hours+) to do a full synth run and monster takes around 27.5 hours. But we need to do three bulk builds more or less at the same time... one for the release branch, one for the development branch, and one for staging updates. It just takes too long and its been gnawing at me for a little while.Well, Zen 2 to the rescue! These new CPUs can take ECC, there's actually an IPMI mobo available, and they are fast as hell and cheap for what we get. The new machines will be two 3900X based servers, plus a dual-xeon system that I already had at home. The 3900X's can each do a full synth run in 24.5 hours and the Xeon can do it in around 31 hours. Monster will be retired. And the crazy thing about this? Monster burns 1000W going full bore. Each of the 3900X servers burns 160W and the Xeon burns 200W. In otherwords, we are replacing 1000W with only 520W and getting roughly 6x the performance efficiency in the upgrade. This tell you just how much more power-efficient machines have become in the last 9 years or so. > This upgrade will allow us to do full builds for both release and dev in roughly one day instead of seven days, and do it without interfering with staging work that might be happening at the same time.Future trends - DragonFlyBSD has reached a bit of a cross-roads. With most of the SMP work now essentially complete across the entire system the main project focus is now on supplying reliable binary ports for release and developer branches, DRM (GPU) support and other UI elements to keep DragonFlyBSD relevant on workstations, and continuing Filesystem work on HAMMER2 to get multi-device and clustering going.Resuming ZFS send (https://www.oshogbo.vexillium.org/blog/66/)One of the amazing functionalities of ZFS is the possibility of sending a whole dataset from one place to another. This mechanism is amazing to create backups of your ZFS based machines. Although, there were some issues with this functionality for a long time when a user sent a big chunk of data. What if you would do that over the network and your connection has disappeared? What if your machine was rebooted as you are sending a snapshot?For a very long time, you didn't have any options - you had to send a snapshot from the beginning. Now, this limitation was already bad enough. However, another downside of this approach was that all the data which you already send was thrown away. Therefore, ZFS had to go over all this data and remove them from the dataset. Imagine the terabytes of data which you sent via the network was thrown away because as you were sending the last few bytes, the network went off.In this short post, I don't want to go over the whole ZFS snapshot infrastructure (if you think that such a post would be useful, please leave a comment). Now, to get back to the point, this infrastructure is used to clone the datasets. Some time ago a new feature called “Resuming ZFS send” was introduced. That means that if there was some problem with transmitting the dataset from one point to another you could resume it or throw them away. But the point is, that yes, you finally have a choice.News RoundupRealtime bandwidth terminal graph visualization (https://dataswamp.org/~solene/2019-07-19-ttyplot-netstat-openbsd.html)If for some reasons you want to visualize your bandwidth traffic on an interface (in or out) in a terminal with a nice graph, here is a small script to do so, involving ttyplot, a nice software making graphics in a terminal.The following will works on OpenBSD. You can install ttyplot by pkg_add ttyplot as root, ttyplot package appeared since OpenBSD 6.5.fixing telnet fixes (https://flak.tedunangst.com/post/fixing-telnet-fixes)There’s a FreeBSD commit to telnet. fix a couple of snprintf() buffer overflows. It’s received a bit of attention for various reasons, telnet in 2019?, etc. I thought I’d take a look. Here’s a few random observations.The first line is indented with spaces while the others use tabs.The correct type for string length is size_t not unsigned int.sizeof(char) is always one. There’s no need to multiply by it.If you do need to multiply by a size, this is an unsafe pattern. Use calloc or something similar. (OpenBSD provides reallocarray to avoid zeroing cost of calloc.)Return value of malloc doesn’t need to be cast. In fact, should not be, lest you disguise a warning.Return value of malloc is not checked for NULL.No reason to cast cp to char * when passing to snprintf. It already is that type. And if it weren’t, what are you doing?The whole operation could be simplified by using asprintf.Although unlikely (probably impossible here, but more generally), adding the two source lengths together can overflow, resulting in truncation with an unchecked snprintf call. asprintf avoids this failure case.A Chapter from the FBI’s History with OpenBSD and an OpenSSH Vuln (https://twitter.com/RooneyMcNibNug/status/1152327783055601664)Earlier this year I FOIAed the FBI for details on allegations of backdoor installed in the IPSEC stack in 2010, originally discussed by OpenBSD devs (https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-tech&m=129236621626462 …) Today, I got an interesting but unexpected responsive record: Freedom of Information Act: FBI: OpenBSD (https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/foia-fbi-openbsd-70084/) GitHub Repo (https://github.com/RooneyMcNibNug/FOIA/blob/master/Responsive%20Docs/OpenBSD/FBI_OpenBSD_response_OCRd.pdf)Beastie Bits“Sudo Mastery, 2nd Edition” open for tech review (https://mwl.io/archives/4378)FreeBSD Journal: FreeBSD for Makers (https://www.freebsdnews.com/2019/07/12/freebsd-journal-freebsd-for-makers/)OpenBSD and NetBSD machines at Open Source Conference 2019 Nagoya (http://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-advocacy/2019/07/19/msg000808.html)FreeBSD 12.0: WINE Gaming (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuj9pRNR2oM)Introduction to the Structure and Interpretation of TNF (The NetBSD Foundation) (https://www.netbsd.org/gallery/presentations/wiz/pkgsrccon2019/index.html#/)vBSDcon speakers announced (https://www.vbsdcon.com/)Feedback/QuestionsPat - NYCBug Aug 7th (http://dpaste.com/21Y1PRM)Tyler - SSH keys vs password (http://dpaste.com/3JEVVEF#wrap)Lars - Tor-Talk (http://dpaste.com/0RAFMXZ)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

Replacing a (silently) failing disk in a ZFS pool, OPNsense 19.7 RC1 released, implementing DRM ioctl support for NetBSD, High quality/low latency VOIP server with umurmur/Mumble on OpenBSD, the PDP-7 where Unix began, LLDB watchpoints, and more.HeadlinesReplacing a (silently) failing disk in a ZFS pool (https://imil.net/blog/2019/07/02/Replacing-a-silently-failing-disk-in-a-ZFS-pool/)Maybe I can’t read, but I have the feeling that official documentations explain every single corner case for a given tool, except the one you will actually need. My today’s struggle: replacing a disk within a FreeBSD ZFS pool.What? there’s a shitton of docs on this topic! Are you stupid?I don’t know, maybe. Yet none covered the process in a simple, straight and complete manner.OPNsense 19.7 RC1 released (https://opnsense.org/opnsense-19-7-rc1-released/)Hi there,For four and a half years now, OPNsense is driving innovation through modularising and hardening the open source firewall, with simple and reliable firmware upgrades, multi-language support, HardenedBSD security, fast adoption of upstream software updates as well as clear and stable 2-Clause BSD licensing.We thank all of you for helping test, shape and contribute to the project! We know it would not be the same without you.Download links, an installation guide[1] and the checksums for the images can be found below as well.News RoundupImplementation of DRM ioctl Support for NetBSD kernel (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/implementation_of_drm_ioctl_support)What is DRM ioctl ?Ioctls are input/output control system calls and DRM stands for direct rendering manager The DRM layer provides several services to graphics drivers, many of them driven by the application interfaces it provides through libdrm, the library that wraps most of the DRM ioctls. These include vblank event handling, memory management, output management, framebuffer management, command submission & fencing, suspend/resume support, and DMA services.Native DRM ioctl callsNetBSD was able to make native DRM ioctl calls with hardware rendering once xorg and proper mesa packages where installed. We used the glxinfo and glxgears applications to test this out.High quality / low latency VOIP server with umurmur/Mumble on OpenBSD (https://dataswamp.org/~solene/2019-07-04-umurmur.html)Discord users keep telling about their so called discord server, which is not dedicated to them at all. And Discord has a very bad quality and a lot of voice distorsion.Why not run your very own mumble server with high voice quality and low latency and privacy respect? This is very easy to setup on OpenBSD!Mumble is an open source voip client, it has a client named Mumble (available on various operating system) and at least Android, the server part is murmur but there is a lightweight server named umurmur. People authentication is done through certificate generated locally and automatically accepted on a server, and the certificate get associated with a nickname. Nobody can pick the same nickname as another person if it’s not the same certificate.TMWL June’19 — JS Fetch API, scheduling in Spring, thoughts on Unix (https://blog.softwaremill.com/tmwl-june19-js-fetch-api-scheduling-in-spring-thoughts-on-unix-fd54f50ecd64)Unix — going back to the rootsFrom time to time, I like to review my knowledge in a certain area, even when I feel like I know a lot about it already. I go back to the basics and read tutorials, manuals, books or watch interesting videos.I’ve been using macOS for a couple of years now, previously being a linux user for some (relatively short) time. Both these operating systems have a common ancestor — Unix. While I’m definitely not an expert, I feel quite comfortable using linux & macOS — I understand the concepts behind the system architecture, know a lot of command line tools & navigate through the shell without a hassle. So-called unix philosophy is also close to my heart. I always feel like there’s more I could squeeze out of it.Recently, I found that book titled “Unix for dummies, 5th edition” which was published back in… 2004. Feels literally like AGES in the computer-related world. However, it was a great shot — the book starts with the basics, providing some brief history of Unix and how it came to life. It talks a lot about the structure of the system and where certain pieces fit (eg. “standard” set of tools), and how to understand permissions and work with files & directories. There’s even a whole chapter about shell-based text editors like Vi and Emacs! Despite the fact that I am familiar with most of these, I could still find some interesting pieces & tools that I either knew existed (but never had a chance to use), or even haven’t ever heard of. And almost all of these are still valid in the modern “incarnations” of Unix’s descendants: Linux and macOS.The book also talks about networking, surfing the web & working with email. It’s cute to see pictures of those old browsers rendering “ancient” Internet websites, but hey — this is how it looked like no more than fifteen years ago!I can really recommend this book to anyone working on modern macOS or Linux — you will certainly find some interesting pieces. Especially if you like to go back to the roots from time to time as I do!ThePDP-7 Where Unix Began (https://bsdimp.blogspot.com/2019/07/the-pdp-7-where-unix-began.html)In preparation for a talk on Seventh Edition Unix this fall, I stumbled upon a service list from DEC for all known PDP-7 machines. From that list, and other sources, I believe that PDP-7 serial number 34 was the original Unix machine.V0 Unix could run on only one of the PDP-7s. Of the 99 PDP-7s produced, only two had disks. Serial number 14 had an RA01 listed, presumably a disk, though of a different type. In addition to the PDP-7 being obsolete in 1970, no other PDP-7 could run Unix, limiting its appeal outside of Bell Labs. By porting Unix to the PDP-11 in 1970, the group ensured Unix would live on into the future. The PDP-9 and PDP-15 were both upgrades of the PDP-7, so to be fair, PDP-7 Unix did have a natural upgrade path (the PDP-11 out sold the 18 bit systems though ~600,000 to ~1000). Ken Thompson reports in a private email that there were 2 PDP-9s and 1 PDP-15 at Bell Labs that could run a version of the PDP-7 Unix, though those machines were viewed as born obsolete.LLDB: watchpoints, XSTATE in ptrace() and core dumps (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/lldb_watchpoints_xstate_in_ptrace)Upstream describes LLDB as a next generation, high-performance debugger. It is built on top of LLVM/Clang toolchain, and features great integration with it. At the moment, it primarily supports debugging C, C++ and ObjC code, and there is interest in extending it to more languages.In February, I have started working on LLDB, as contracted by the NetBSD Foundation. So far I've been working on reenabling continuous integration, squashing bugs, improving NetBSD core file support and lately extending NetBSD's ptrace interface to cover more register types and fix compat32 issues. You can read more about that in my May 2019 report.In June, I have finally finished the remaining ptrace() work for xstate and got it merged both on NetBSD and LLDB end (meaning it's going to make it into NetBSD 9). I have also worked on debug register support in LLDB, effectively fixing watchpoint support. Once again I had to fight some upstream regressions.Beastie BitsProject Trident 19.07 Available (https://project-trident.org/post/2019-07-12_19.07_available/)A list of names from "Cold Blood" -- Any familiar? (https://www.montanalinux.org/cold-blood-list-of-numbers-201907.html)fern: a curses-based mastodon client modeled off usenet news readers & pine, with an emphasis on getting to 'timeline zero' (https://github.com/enkiv2/fern)OpenBSD Community goes Platinum for 2019! (https://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20190707065226)tcp keepalive and dports on DragonFly (https://www.dragonflydigest.com/2019/07/15/23199.html)Feedback/QuestionsPatrick - OpenZFS/ZoL Module from Ports (http://dpaste.com/1W2HJ04)Brad - Services not starting (http://dpaste.com/345VM9Y#wrap)Simon - Feedback (http://dpaste.com/1B4ZKC8#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

FreeBSD 11.3 has been released, OpenBSD workstation, write your own fuzzer for the NetBSD kernel, Exploiting FreeBSD-SA-19:02.fd, streaming to twitch using OpenBSD, 3 different ways of dumping hex contents of a file, and more.HeadlinesFreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE Announcement (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.3R/announce.html)The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is pleased to announce the availability of FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE. This is the fourth release of the stable/11 branch.Some of the highlights:The clang, llvm, lld, lldb, and compiler-rt utilities as well as libc++ have been updated to upstream version 8.0.0.The ELF Tool Chain has been updated to version r3614.OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.0.2s.The ZFS filesystem has been updated to implement parallel mounting.The loader(8) has been updated to extend geli(8) support to all architectures.The pkg(8) utility has been updated to version 1.10.5.The KDE desktop environment has been updated to version 5.15.3.The GNOME desktop environment has been updated to version 3.28.The kernel will now log the jail(8) ID when logging a process exit.Several feature additions and updates to userland applications.Several network driver firmware updates.Warnings for features deprecated in future releases will now be printed on all FreeBSD versions.Warnings have been added for IPSec algorithms deprecated in RFC 8221.Deprecation warnings have been added for weaker algorithms when creating geli(8) providers.And more...OpenBSD Is Now My Workstation (https://sogubsys.com/openbsd-is-now-my-workstation-operating-system/)Why OpenBSD? Simply because it is the best tool for the job for me for my new-to-me Lenovo Thinkpad T420. Additionally, I do care about security and non-bloat in my personal operating systems (business needs can have different priorities, to be clear).I will try to detail what my reasons are for going with OpenBSD (instead of GNU/Linux, NetBSD, or FreeBSD of which I’m comfortable using without issue), challenges and frustrations I’ve encountered, and what my opinions are along the way.Disclaimer: in this post, I’m speaking about what is my opinion, and I’m not trying to convince you to use OpenBSD or anything else. I don’t truly care, but wanted to share in case it could be useful to you. I do hope you give OpenBSD a shot as your workstation, especially if it has been a while.A Bit About Me and OpenBSDI’m not new to OpenBSD, to be clear. I’ve been using it off and on for over 20 years. The biggest time in my life was the early 2000s (I was even the Python port maintainer for a bit), where I not only used it for my workstation, but also for production servers and network devices.I just haven’t used it as a workstation (outside of a virtual machine) in over 10 years, but have used it for servers. Workstation needs, especially for a primary workstation, are greatly different and the small things end up mattering most.News RoundupWrite your own fuzzer for NetBSD kernel! [Part 1] (https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/write_your_own_fuzzer_for)How Fuzzing works? The dummy Fuzzer.The easy way to describe fuzzing is to compare it to the process of unit testing a program, but with different input. This input can be random, or it can be generated in some way that makes it unexpected form standard execution perspective.The simplest 'fuzzer' can be written in few lines of bash, by getting N bytes from /dev/rand, and putting them to the program as a parameter.Coverage and FuzzingWhat can be done to make fuzzing more effective? If we think about fuzzing as a process, where we place data into the input of the program (which is a black box), and we can only interact via input, not much more can be done.However, programs usually process different inputs at different speeds, which can give us some insight into the program's behavior. During fuzzing, we are trying to crash the program, thus we need additional probes to observe the program's behaviour.Additional knowledge about program state can be exploited as a feedback loop for generating new input vectors. Knowledge about the program itself and the structure of input data can also be considered. As an example, if the input data is in the form of HTML, changing characters inside the body will probably cause less problems for the parser than experimenting with headers and HTML tags.For open source programs, we can read the source code to know what input takes which execution path. Nonetheless, this might be very time consuming, and it would be much more helpful if this can be automated. As it turns out, this process can be improved by tracing coverage of the executionvBSDcon - CFP - Call for Papers ends July 19th (https://vbsdcon.com/)You can submit your proposal at https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=vbsdcon2019The talks will have a very strong technical content bias. Proposals of a business development or marketing nature are not appropriate for this venue.If you are doing something interesting with a BSD operating system, please submit a proposal. Whether you are developing a very complex system using BSD as the foundation, or helping others and have a story to tell about how BSD played a role, we want to hear about your experience. People using BSD as a platform for research are also encouraged to submit a proposal.Possible topics include: How we manage a giant installation with respect to handling spam, snd/or sysadmin, and/or networking, Cool new stuff in BSD, Tell us about your project which runs on BSD.Both users and developers are encouraged to share their experiences.Exploiting FreeBSD-SA-19:02.fd (https://secfault-security.com/blog/FreeBSD-SA-1902.fd.html)In February 2019 the FreeBSD project issued an advisory about a possible vulnerability in the handling of file descriptors. UNIX-like systems such as FreeBSD allow to send file descriptors to other processes via UNIX-domain sockets. This can for example be used to pass file access privileges to the receiving process.Inside the kernel, file descriptors are used to indirectly reference a C struct which stores the relevant information about the file object. This could for instance include a reference to a vnode which describes the file for the file system, the file type, or the access privileges.What really happens if a UNIX-domain socket is used to send a file descriptor to another process is that for the receiving process, inside the kernel a reference to this struct is created. As the new file descriptor is a reference to the same file object, all information is inherited. For instance, this can allow to give another process write access to a file on the drive even if the process owner is normally not able to open the file writable.The advisory describes that FreeBSD 12.0 introduced a bug in this mechanism. As the file descriptor information is sent via a socket, the sender and the receiver have to allocate buffers for the procedure. If the receiving buffer is not large enough, the FreeBSD kernel attempts to close the received file descriptors to prevent a leak of these to the sender. However, while the responsible function closes the file descriptor, it fails to release the reference from the file descriptor to the file object. This could cause the reference counter to wrap.The advisory further states that the impact of this bug is possibly a local privilege escalation to gain root privileges or a jail escape. However, no proof-of-concept was provided by the advisory authors.In the next section, the bug itself is analyzed to make a statement about the bug class and a guess about a possible exploitation primitive.After that, the bug trigger is addressed.It follows a discussion of three imaginable exploitation strategies - including a discussion of why two of these approaches failed.In the section before last, the working exploit primitive is discussed. It introduces a (at least to the author’s knowledge) new exploitation technique for these kind of vulnerabilities in FreeBSD. The stabilization of the exploit is addressed, too.The last section wraps everything up in a conclusion and points out further steps and challenges.The privilege escalation is now a piece of cake thanks to a technique used by kingcope, who published a FreeBSD root exploit in 2005, which writes to the file /etc/libmap.conf. This configuration file can be used to hook the loading of dynamic libraries if a program is started. The exploit therefore creates a dynamic library, which copies /bin/sh to another file and sets the suid-bit for the copy. The hooked library is libutil, which is for instance called by su. Therefore, a call to su by the user will afterwards result in a suid copy of /bin/sh.Streaming to Twitch using OpenBSD (https://dataswamp.org/~solene/2019-07-06-twitch.html) IntroductionIf you ever wanted to make a twitch stream from your OpenBSD system, this is now possible, thanks to OpenBSD developer thfr@ who made a wrapper named fauxstream using ffmpeg with relevant parameters.The setup is quite easy, it only requires a few steps and searching on Twitch website two informations, hopefully, to ease the process, I found the links for you.You will need to make an account on twitch, get your api key (a long string of characters) which should stay secret because it allow anyone having it to stream on your account.These same techniques should work for Twitch, YouTube Live, Periscope, Facebook, etc, including the live streaming service ScaleEngine provides free to BSD user groups.There is also an open source application called ‘OBS’ or Open Broadcaster Studio. It is in FreeBSD ports and should work on all of the other BSDs as well. It has a GUI and supports compositing and green screening. We use it heavily at ScaleEngine and it is also used at JupiterBroadcasting in place of WireCast, a $1000-per-copy commercial application.Beastie BitsPortland BSD Pizza Night - 2019-07-25 19:00 - Rudy's Gourmet Pizza (http://calagator.org/events/1250475868)KnoxBUG - Michael W. Lucas : Twenty Years in Jail (http://knoxbug.org/2019-07-29)Ohio Linuxfest - CFP - Closes August 17th (https://ohiolinux.org/call-for-presentations/)My college (NYU Tandon) is moving their CS department and I saw this on a shelf being moved (https://old.reddit.com/r/freebsd/comments/cdx8fp/my_college_nyu_tandon_is_moving_their_cs/)3 different ways of dumping hex contents of a file (https://moopost.blogspot.com/2019/07/3-different-ways-of-dumping-hex.html)Feedback/QuestionsSebastian - ZFS setup toward ESXi (http://dpaste.com/0DRKFH6#wrap)Christopher - Questions (http://dpaste.com/2YNN1SH)Ser - Bhyve and Microsoft SQL (http://dpaste.com/1F5TMT0#wrap)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.

Am5x86 based retro UNIX build log, setting up services in a FreeNAS Jail, first taste of DragonflyBSD, streaming Netflix on NetBSD, NetBSD on the last G4 Mac mini, Hammer vs Hammer2, and more.HeadlinesPolprog's Am5x86 based retro UNIX build log (https://polprog.net/blog/486/)I have recently acquired an Am5x86 computer, in a surprisingly good condition. This is an ongoing project, check this page often for updates!I began by connecting a front panel. The panel came from a different chassis and is slightly too wide, so I had to attach it with a couple of zip-ties. However, that makes it stick out from the PC front at an angle, allowing easy access when the computer sits at the floor - and thats where it is most of the time. It's not that bad, to be honest, and its way easier to access than it would be, if mounted verticallyThere is a mains switch on the front panel because the computer uses an older style power supply. Those power supplies instead of relying on a PSON signal, like modern ATX supplies, run a 4 wire cable to a mains switch. The cable carries live and neutral both ways, and the switch keys in or out the power. The system powers on as soon as the switch is enabled.Originally there was no graphics card in it. Since a PC will not boot with out a GPU, I had to find one. The mainboard only has PCI and ISA slots, and all the GPUs I had were AGP. Fortunately, I bought a PCI GPU hoping it would solve my issue...However the GPU turned out to be faulty. It took me some time to repair it. I had to repair a broken trace leading to one of the EEPROM pins, and replace a contact in the EEPROM's socket. Then I replaced all the electrolytic capacitors on it, and that fixed it for good.Having used up only one of the three PCI slots, I populated the remaining pair with two ethernet cards. I still have a bunch of ISA slots available, but I have nothing to install there. Yet.See the article for the rest of the writeupSetting up services in a FreeNAS Jail (https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/services-in-freenas-jail/)This piece demonstrates the setup of a server service in a FreeNAS jail and how to share files with a jail using Apache 2.4 as an example. Jails are powerful, self-contained FreeBSD environments with separate network settings, package management, and access to thousands of FreeBSD application packages. Popular packages such as Apache, NGINX, LigHTTPD, MySQL, and PHP can be found and installed with the pkg search and pkg install commands. This example shows creating a jail, installing an Apache web server, and setting up a simple web page. NOTE: Do not directly attach FreeNAS to an external network (WAN). Use port forwarding, proper firewalls and DDoS protections when using FreeNAS for external web sites. This example demonstrates expanding the functionality of FreeNAS in an isolated LAN environment.News RoundupFirst taste of DragonflyBSD (https://nanxiao.me/en/first-taste-of-dragonfly-bsd/)Last week, I needed to pick a BSD Operating System which supports NUMA to do some testing, so I decided to give Dragonfly BSD a shot. Dragonfly BSDonly can run on X86_64 architecture, which reminds me of Arch Linux, and after some tweaking, I feel Dragonfly BSD may be a “developer-friendly” Operating System, at least for me.I mainly use Dragonfly BSD as a server, so I don’t care whether GUI is fancy or not. But I have high requirements of developer tools, i.e., compiler and debugger. The default compiler of Dragonfly BSD is gcc 8.3, and I can also install clang 8.0.0 from package. This means I can test state-of-the-art features of compilers, and it is really important for me. gdb‘s version is 7.6.1, a little lag behind, but still OK.Furthermore, the upgradation of Dragonfly BSD is pretty simple and straightforward. I followed document to upgrade my Operating System to 5.6.0 this morning, just copied and pasted, no single error, booted successfully.Streaming Netflix on NetBSD (https://www.unitedbsd.com/d/68-streaming-netflix-on-netbsd)Here's a step-by-step guide that allows streaming Netflix media on NetBSD using a intel-haxm accelerated QEMU vm.Heads-up! Sound doesn't work, but everything else is fine. Please read the rest of this thread for a solution to this!!“Sudo Mastery 2nd Edition” cover art reveal (https://mwl.io/archives/4320)I’m about halfway through the new edition of Sudo Mastery. Assuming nothing terrible happens, should have a complete first draft in four to six weeks. Enough stuff has changed in sudo that I need to carefully double-check every single feature. (I’m also horrified by the painfully obsolete versions of sudo shipped in the latest versions of CentOS and Debian, but people running those operating systems are already accustomed to their creaky obsolescence.)But the reason for this blog post? I have Eddie Sharam’s glorious cover art. My Patronizers saw it last month, so now the rest of you get a turn.NetBSD on the last G4 Mac mini (https://tenfourfox.blogspot.com/2019/06/and-now-for-something-completely.html)I'm a big fan of NetBSD. I've run it since 2000 on a Mac IIci (of course it's still running it) and I ran it for several years on a Power Mac 7300 with a G3 card which was the second incarnation of the Floodgap gopher server. Today I also still run it on a MIPS-based Cobalt RaQ 2 and an HP Jornada 690. I think NetBSD is a better match for smaller or underpowered systems than current-day Linux, and is fairly easy to harden and keep secure even though none of these systems are exposed to the outside world.Recently I had a need to set up a bridge system that would be fast enough to connect two networks and I happened to have two of the "secret" last-of-the-line 1.5GHz G4 Mac minis sitting on the shelf doing nothing. Yes, they're probably outclassed by later Raspberry Pi models, but I don't have to buy anything and I like putting old hardware to good use.Hammer vs Hammer2 (https://phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=DragonFlyBSD-5.6-HAMMER2-Perf)With the newly released DragonFlyBSD 5.6 there are improvements to its original HAMMER2 file-system to the extent that it's now selected by its installer as the default file-system choice for new installations. Curious how the performance now compares between HAMMER and HAMMER2, here are some initial benchmarks on an NVMe solid-state drive using DragonFlyBSD 5.6.0. With a 120GB Toshiba NVMe SSD on an Intel Core i7 8700K system, I ran some benchmarks of DragonFlyBSD 5.6.0 freshly installed with HAMMER2 and then again when returning to the original HAMMER file-system that remains available via its installer. No other changes were made to the setup during testing. And then for the more synthetic workloads it was just a mix. But overall HAMMER2 was performing well during the initial testing and great to see it continuing to offer noticeable leads in real-world workloads compared to the aging HAMMER file-system. HAMMER2 also offers better clustering, online deduplication, snapshots, compression, encryption, and many other modern file-system features.Beastie BitsUnix CLI relational database (https://spin.atomicobject.com/2019/06/16/unix-cli-relational-database/)The TTY demystified (https://www.linusakesson.net/programming/tty/index.php)Ranger, a console file manager with VI keybindings (https://ranger.github.io/)Some Unix Humor (https://www.reddit.com/r/unix/comments/c6o5ze/some_unix_humor/)OpenBSD -import vulkan-loader for Vulkan API support (https://marc.info/?l=openbsd-ports-cvs&m=156121732625604&w=2)FreeBSD ZFS without drives (https://savagedlight.me/2019/06/09/freebsd-zfs-without-drives/)Feedback/QuestionsMoritz - ARM Builds (http://dpaste.com/175RRAZ)Dave - Videos (http://dpaste.com/2DYK85B)Chris - Raspberry Pi4 (http://dpaste.com/1B16QVN)Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv (mailto:feedback@bsdnow.tv) Your browser does not support the HTML5 video tag.