Body Bags with Joseph Scott Morgan

Bricen Rivers nearly beat his girlfriend to death in their car in Nashville while on a romantic weekend getaway. Jailed with bond set high enough so he couldn't get out, his victim, Lauren Johansen, is recovering in Mississippi when a judge lowers Rivers bond, and lets him out to finish what he started. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgen will explain the horrible injuries  Lauren sustained in the first beating in Nashville, while Dave Mack breaks down the backstory on the relationship that was so toxic, Lauren Johansen winds up dead in the back of her own car in the middle of a cemetery.           Transcript Highlights 00:00:04.19 Introduction - Being a parent, Father .00:04:26.07 Discussion of abusive relationship 00:09:20.25 Talking about parenting a child in abusive relationship00:13:39.86 Discussion of Nashville trip, how much effort it would take00:18:40.36 Talk seeing trauma in hospital00:23:22.52 Discussion or rocks as a weapon, pistol whipping00:28:29.50 Discussion of wound to Lauren's head at hairline00:32:02.27 Talk about man abusing woman, judge lowering bond00:36:15.69 Discussion of Lauren being kidnapped from home00:40:38.20 Discussion of wounds Lauren suffered before death00:43:48.59 Talk about Lauren wasn't recovered from December 11 beating00:46:41.34 Conclusion Lauren's father helped recover her bodySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Cleo Loizides is 81-years-old and living in a senior care facility in Virginia. After a visit from her daughter, 53 and grandson, 24, an orderly finds her stiff and cold to the touch. In this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain what happens when someone in a senior care facility passes away and how to tell the difference between a natural death and a murder. Dave Mack will look at the history of the family that begins with Cleo Loizides as a Model in the 1960s and ends with her death in 2024.            Transcribe Highlights 00:00:02.39 Introduction - circle of life00:01:07.72 Discussion of murder of 81-year-old woman00:04:46.47 Discussion of Cleo Loizides found dead on floor00:09:59.22 Talk about people in care facility00:14:43.59 Discussion of nursing home deaths being investigated00:19:44.18 Discussion of Elder abuse00:22:30.18 Discussion of health, getting her own food, not needing help00:26:10.21 Talk about knowing a body is dead00:31:19.24 Discussion of daughter and grandson visiting00:35:07.92 Discussion of cause of death00:39:02.45 Discussion of daughter and grandson confess to murder00:41:16.31 Conclusion Cleo deserved a better endSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Virginia Summers hears a rumor that "something" has happened to her adult daughter, Tara Capps. Tara is a free spirit but she maintains regular contact with the family. Virginia files a missing person report and begins looking for 36-year-old Tara. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how difficult it is to find forensic evidence in a homeless encampment, and Dave Mack will fill in the details of how the family searched, and found, Tara Capps.            Transcript Highlights00:14.80 Introduction of Tara Capps story04:20.08 Discussion of camping and homeless camps07:56.22 Discussion of searching for missing adult12:12.03 Talk about mother getting tip about missing daughter16:50.90 Discussion of homeless camp near body location23:33.33 Discussion of decomposed body found between two living men27:08.41 Talk about truth of what happened to Tara will come out31:43.75 Discussion of Remains sealed inside plastic tote36:25.48 Talk about evidence in the area40:15.04 Discussion of how body was covered42:28.16 Conclusion Family of Tara Capps needs answersSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When Travis McBride was in his teens, he got in trouble with the law over anger issues. As an adult he opens a successful therapy practice focusing on Anger Management.  The subject of this episode of Body Bags with Joseph Scott Morgan, the alleged murder of a homeless man by an anger management therapist. Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how blood will spread from a body to the trunk area of a vehicle and onto pavement.  Dave Mack investigates the background of the victim and finds Clinton Dorsey was married with three adult children and eight grandchildren. Was Clinton Dorsey really murdered by an Anger Management Therapist?          Transcript Highlights  00:00:00 Introduction College choices  00:04:21 Discussion Anger Management Therapist   00:06:51 Discussion about applying education to life  00:11:01 Talk about Anger Management therapist having anger issues  00:16:24 Discussion of suspects previous charges   00:21:38 Explaining charges   00:26:04 Discussion of therapist charged with homicide  00:33:17 Talk about how suspect cleaned blood in street  00:38:26 Discussion about leaving blood around side area of car trunk  00:40:03 Discussion of post-mortem lividity  00:44:16 Conclusion - will update after the case goes to court See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A former Mayor with 28 years of law enforcement experience has been charged with first-degree murder in a triple homicide. In this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will break down the weapons used in the murders and the possibility that one of the victims died while he was on the phone with 911. Dave Mack will try and explain what happened four days before the shooting  that may have led to the murders.    Transcript Highlights  00:00:00 Introduction people seeking power  00:02:12 Discussion ex-mayor suspect triple homicide  00:07:45 Discussion Triple homicide, 911 caller goes silent on call  00:12:21 Talk about different types of guns  00:17:35 Discussion suspect shows up with multiple weapons  00:22:12 Discussion triple homicide occurs four days after event that led to it  00:27:14 Discussion of defense strategy for shooting three people  00:33:17 Talk about suspect showing up armed, left home enraged  00:38:26 Discussion of victims shot with different guns See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sandra Pagniano vanishes from her home in the middle of the night while her husband and daughters are asleep. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how handwriting analysis broke the case wide open, while Dave Mack digs into the fractured marriage of David and Sandra Pagniano. All signs point to one suspect and one location where Sandra Pagniano was bound, gagged, and buried alive in a hand dug grave.           Transcript Highlights 00:00:00 Introduction, history, writing, buried alive   00:03:22 Discussion or “Person of Interest”  00:06:21 Discussion of “notes” Jon Benet Ramsay note  00:11:01 Talk about handwriting analysis  00:16:15 Discussion of documents  00:21:22 Discussion of obvious suspects  00:24:19 Discussion of cadaver dogs  00:26:32 Talk about using cell towers to track location  00:31:41 Discussion – how to tell someone was buried alive  00:35:29 Discussion kidnapped from her house, buried alive  00:39:13 Conclusion – Life in Prison See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

17-year-old Kaitlyn Coones is a runaway from a group home in Canton, Ohio, and is staying with Jonathon Jones, 33, at his mother's residence. Nicole Jones, 53, mother of Jonathon Jones, is unaware that her son has snuck a teen into his bedroom.  Days later, Kaitlyn Jones calls a case worker at the Canton group home informing her she has done something terrible and is on the road with Jonathon Jones. Canton Police call for a welfare check and officers discover Nicole Jones has vanished. Jones car, her son Jonathon, and Kaitlyn Coones are also missing. In this episode of Body Bags with Joseph Scott Morgan, Joe explains what evidence,  recovered by investigators, lead police to say Nicole Jones is dead  Dave Mack goes behind the headlines explaining  the relationship dynamic between Jonathon Jones and Kaitlyn Coones to determine if the teen is a victim, a suspect, or both.    Transcript Highlights  00:00:03 Introduction – teen kidnapped, mother missing, convicted son being sought  00:04:47 Discussion of missing mom’s car tracked to Arizona and New Mexico  00:07:52 Talk about attention focus when child is involved  00:11:47 Discussion of 33-year-old man sneaks teen into his bedroom  00:16:59 Discussion of Jonathon Jones and Kaitlyn Coones  00:22:29 Talk about Nicole Jones being murdered in kitchen  00:27:18 Discussion of circumstantial evidence  00:32:30 Discussion about rock used as murder weapon  00:36:44 Talk about Kaitlyn Coones giving Jonathon Jones 5 hours to kill  00:40:03 Discussion of using GPS to track movement of suspects  00:42:03 Discussion of blood and hair evidence  00:44:02 Discussion of Jonathon Jones failure to disarm GPS tracker  00:45:51 Talk about focus on Kaitlyn Coones being underage victim and suspect  00:46:56 Conclusion Nicole Jones body will never be found, Jones and Coones are in prison   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mary Catherine Edwards is found naked and in handcuffs in her bathtub with about 4 inches of water. She has been sexually assaulted and murdered. Cause of death is drowning and asphyxia. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how the case that went unsolved for nearly 30-years was solved with DNA, Genetic Genealogy and a tip of the cap to Othram . Dave Mack will help tell the story of the 31-year-old beloved schoolteacher and the killer who almost got away with her murder.               Transcript Highlights  00:00:06 Introduction of Cold Case Murder   00:05:42 Discussion of shutting down crime scene  00:09:44 Talk about Parents discovering body of their daughter  00:13:27 Discussion of motivation  00:18:01 Talk about “torture”  00:22:21 Discussion of cause of death, drowning and asphyxia  00:27:30 Discussion of drowning in bathtub  00:31:23 Discussion of Shera LaPoint, the Gene Hunter  00:35:33 Talk about familiarity between victim and suspect  00:39:20 Discussion of DNA and genetic genealogy  00:41:52 Discussion of Rape Kit  00:46:35 Conclusion: DNA Solves    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Six years before he became known as the Day Trader who went on a murderous rampage, Mark Barton was the suspect in the death of his first wife and her mother while they were camping at a lake in North Alabama. Today, Joseph Scott Morgan shares  personal memories of working the homicides in Atlanta, as well as breaking down the murders of Mark Barton’s first wife and her mother in the camper, and his second wife and children in their apartment.. Dave Mack fills in the back-story on how Mark Barton may have gotten away with murder and child molestation, but he couldn’t escape himself.             Transcript Highlights  00:00:08 Introduction of geography, family killer, mass murderer  00:02:46 Discussion of Mark Barton  00:07:21 Discussion of murderers and weapons  00:11:44 Talk about day traders in Atlanta  00:16:04 Discussion of murder in camper trailer on lake  00:21:17 Discussion of “robber” that left behind cash and jewelry  00:26:26 Talk about blood in the Camper  00:31:02 Discussion of Mark Barton cheating on his wife  00:35:57 Discussion of timeline of family murders and Buckhead massacre  00:39:49 Discussion of Barton killing second wife and children with a hammer  00:43:06 Discussion of murders at Momentum and All-Tech  00:46:20 Conclusion, Barton shoots himself in the head   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Skeletal remains found near the Volkswagen plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee don't match up with any missing person cases in Chattanooga or the surrounding area. It takes several months before the remains are positively identified. On this episode of Body Bags,  Joseph Scott Morgan will take you into the field where the remains have been found and into the lab where identification takes place, and Dave Mack will look into the facts surrounding the disappearance of the 20-year-old beauty from Georgia and how she ended up as a skeleton on the side of a rural road outside Chattanooga Tennessee.            Transcript Highlights  00:00:25 Introduction of 20-year-old woman, missing  00:04:07 Discussion of geography of the case  00:07:20 Discussion of picking up body in jail  00:11:51 Talk about Fentanyl becoming drug of choice  00:16:13 Discussion of drugs and dealers  00:20:48 Discussion of reporting missing person  00:24:16 Talk about the deposition of the body  00:28:08 Discussion of trauma on the bones  00:32:32 Discussion explaining forensic anthropology at the scene  00:37:13 Discussion of being absent of clothing  00:41:40 Conclusion – Case is still open; we will follow up See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bonnie and Clyde killed at least nine police officers and four civilians during their 21-month crime spree from 1932 to 1934. The couple were also responsible for several Bank robberies, gas stations hold-ups , and burglaries. They weren't very good thieves, as they rarely got away with more than $80. In this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how Bonnie Parker suffered so many bullet holes her body had to be plugged to hold embalming fluid, and Dave Mack will take you behind the scenes in the woods with Frank Hamer and Manny Gault as they brought down the  murderous "Bonnie and Clyde".         Transcript Highlights  00:00:10 Introduction of human destruction  00:02:09 Description of Bienville Parish  00:05:24 Description of Bonnie and Clyde car on display  00:08:14 Discussion Bonnie 23, Clyde 25  00:11:15 Talk about Bonnie and Clyde murder young cop  00:15:11 Discussion about State Coroners convention  00:18:05 Discussion about transcribing  00:21:32 Talk about Bonnie and Clyde murdering cops  00:25:57 Discussion of BB Episode about Coroner system  00:28:21 Talk about autopsy of famous people  00:31:41 Discussion of Dr. Wade and others at the autopsy  00:35:00 Discussion of injuries suffered by Bonnie Parker  00:37:42 Conclusion: Bonnie and Clyde meet their end See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Trista Spicer tells everyone her live-in boyfriend, Eric Mercado, left the house on October 11, 2014, and never returned.  Mercado’s family called him “Nino” and they printed up posters, circulated info on social media and physically looked for their “Nino” with no luck. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will detail what happens when someone is hit in the face with a frying pan and their throat is slit with a box cutter. Dave Mack will investigate the relationship between Trista Spicer, Eric Mercado, and Waylan Gentry, and who gave the police the “tip” that turned a missing persons case into a homicide investigation.           Transcript Highlights 00:00.01. Introduction - walking through graveyards 05:08.07  Discussion of social media, sharing too much 10:07.10. Discussion of victim, early 40s 15:35.82. Talk about spouses 20:20.01. Discussion about a missing family member 26:08.66  Discussion of what did Suspect tell new boyfriend 31:18.61. Talk about tattoos 36:39.54  Discussion - somebody always talks 40:26.66  Discussion of soft tissue, dehydrated skin 42:04:13  Conclusion - Face smashed in with frying pan, throat slitSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Wade Wilson, not the superhero better known as "Deadpool" but Wade Wilson, Tattoo Face Killer. If Wilson has a favorite song it is probably "Folsom Prison Blues" by Johnny Cash for the line "I shot a man in Reno, just to watch him die". For Tattoo Face Wade Wilson, using a gun to kill someone is too impersonal. In this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain just how personal it is to strangle the life out of someone with bare hands, and Dave Mack will go behind the tattoos and headlines to find out more about the victims of the vile creature capable of killing two women in a matter of hours, just because he can.  Assistant State Attorney Andreas Gardiner in closing argument in murder trial of Wade Wilson:  "This case was about killing for the sake of killing. Strangulation is the epitome of life slipping through someone's hands."          Transcribe Highlights 00:39.32 Introduction of a nightmare 05:03.44 Discussion of Wade Wilson, tattoo face 10:24.32 Talk about Wilson claiming to be a victim 15:00.63 Discussion about how Wade Wilson got invited back to woman's home 20:23.78 Discussion about destroying a person for no reason 25:52.10 Talk about isn't it enough?  29:33.42 Discussion about Wilson leaves Melton's home in her car 33:49.88 Discussion of Diane Ruiz body damage, injuries and animals 38:23.24.Discussion Wilson tells Bio Father what he has done 42:13.10 Conclusion - Wade Wilson, Florida JusticeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jerry Harris's pregnant daughter is murdered, her uterus removed, and her body thrown in a river. She is found by fishermen six days after she is last seen alive. Jerry Harris commits suicide outside the Sheriff's Office. On this episode of Body Bags Joseph Scott Morgan go behind the evidence and take a look at the body of Jerry Harris' daughter, Jennifer, a murder still unsolved. Dave Mack digs into the story of Jennifer Harris. Who knew she was pregnant and who wanted her dead? The ex-husband? The ex-boyfriend? Did Jerry Harris get so depressed over the murder of his daughter that he killed himself at the Sheriff's office as some kind of challenge?  We know Jerry Harris killed himself. Do we know why?       Transcript Highlights 00:00:17.19 Introduction of "Cold Case" and recent suicide 00:03:48.25 Discussion of life and "dark space" 00:07:29.51 Talk about notification of family 00:10:31.93 Discussion of Jennifer Harris before she vanishes 00:14:43.53 Discussion of evidence, finding Jennifer 00:19:47.66 Talk about detaching while investigating 00:25:25.90 Discussion of finding and condition of remains in Red River 00:29:57.94 Talking about water damage 00:33:35.52 Discussion of ex-husband alibi 00:39:03.49 Talk about Jeep, latent hand or palm print 00:40:04.96 Discussion of cabin in the woods, burned down 00:43:30.88 Discussion of skill level of the person removing uterus 00:45:36.30 Conclusion: Blue clay, caretakers' cabin, suicide of Jerry HarrisSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A Texas mother of 4 is found hanging from a dock with a rope around her neck in an apparent suicide. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan and Dave Mack will go behind the shocking story of an apparent suicide and Joe Scott will explain how a witness describing the woman’s body hanging from the dock tells him she didn’t kill herself; this is a murder!         01:38.72 Introduction: Suicide or Murder  05:20.55 Discussion of rigidity  09:06:44 Talk about boat life, living at marina  13:02.11 Discussion of arms hanging down  16:41.60 Talk about 30-year old mom, 4 children  19:31.74 Discussion of suicide  24:33.02 Discussion of woman’s arm points to different conclusion  28:06.63 Discussion of staging a suicide  32:14.44 Talk about girlfriend leaves, doesn’t come back  36:11.46 Discussion of post-mortem lividity in aquatic environment  39:18.91Discussion of flaccid See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Recorded LIVE at CrimeCon Nashville, 2024: In this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan explains how he challenges his class at Jacksonville State University to try and solve a cold case. Two years in a row, two different classes and students chose the unsolved murder of Blake Chappell. Blake Chappell tells his mother he is having the best night of his life with his girlfriend at the East Coweta High School Homecoming Dance. Within a matter of hours, Blake will find himself chased out of his girlfriend’s house in the middle of the night, walking down the road at 5 a.m. texting his girlfriend, and telling her police just stopped and talked to him. One last text to his girlfriend that he is getting cold, and his phone goes quiet. Blake Chappell is 17 and he never makes it back to his friend’s house. He just vanishes into thin air. It is October 16, 2011. Two months later on December 17, 2011, his nearly naked body is found floating in a creek, he has been shot in the back of the head. The case is still unsolved. But new search warrants were served in March 2024, will there be justice for Blake Chappell?      Transcript Highlights  00:00:13 Introduction Blake Chappel Case  00:04:40 Discuss of family financial issues  00:08:28 Blake finds ex-girlfriend who ran away  00:10:32 Blake beaten up by ex’s stepfather  00:12:26 Blake put in jail for finding his ex  00:17:35 Mother takes Blake and date to homecoming dance  00:20:48 Discussion of Blake activities walking in the night  00:24:24 Talk about Blake walking miles to see girlfriend  00:28:08 Talk about Blake texting girlfriend  00:31:49 Talk about Blake doesn’t make it back to Austin’s house  00:37:36 Discussion Blake shot in back of head  00:43:22 Discussion rumors about Blake’s death  00:48:12 Discussion Blake found wearing underwear, no shoes  00:52:34 Conclusion Joseph Scott Morgan lets his JSU class pick unsolved crime to solve  Two years in a row the case of Blake Chappel is chosen for the project See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Herb Baumeister lived more than just a “double life." On this episode of "Body Bags," Joseph Scott Morgan explains how it is possible that Baumeister had over 10,000 remains on his million-dollar estate, and Dave Mack dives into the background of the married, father and businessman who owned two Save-a-lot stores in Indianapolis. Baumeister, who took his own life in 1996, is suspected of enticing gay men to his home, where he killed them and disposed of their bodies at the rear of his property. Investigators suspected that Baumeister, a married father of three at the time who frequented gay bars, enticed unsuspecting men to his property to murder them. By 1999, investigators connected him to the disappearance of at least 16 men since 1980. Some of the victims’ bodies were discovered discarded in shallow streams in rural central Indiana and western Ohio For 30 years, investigators have been working to identify thousands of human remains, will they ever know the truth about how many people Herb Baumeister murdered? Transcript Highlights  00:00:13 Introduction of serial killer graveyard  00:04:40 Discuss killer double life, wife claims she didn’t know anything  00:08:28 Talk about trying to identify bone from other items  00:12:26 Discussion of Forensic anthropologists  00:17:35 Discussion of hiding secrets from family  00:20:48 Talk about serial killer obsession with dead animals  00:24:24 Discussion of the depth of depravity   00:28:08 Discussion of skeletonized body on the property  00:31:49 Talk about trying to render body down to ash  00:36:36 Discussion of method of destruction after burning  00:40:22 Discussion of other serial killers  00:44:12 Talk about the size of the property  00:44:34 Conclusion   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Why did police serve another search warrant at the home of Rex Heuermann? Remember, his wife and children still live in the house. After his original arrest and the search warrants were served, pictures appeared in the press showing the damage done as the home was stripped. What did they miss? Why did they bring out the ME? On this episode of Body Bags Joseph Scott Morgan will take you into the house and what the ME might be looking for as well as the crime scenes and what has been found. Dave Mack will explain the “To-Do” list and go over the electronics Heuermann has been keeping for decades.             Transcript Highlights 00:00:00 Introduction: Bernice Worden last victim of Ed Gein  00:02:20 Discussion of Gilgo document release  00:06:54 Talk about being on a jury  00:09:44 Discussion – warning about content of episode  00:13:55 Discussion of why go back with another search warrant?  00:19:05 Talk about Rex Heuermann and the list he created  00:23:11 Discussion of Heuermann electronics  00:27:02 Discussion of Rex Heuermann planning note began in 2000  00:30:59 Talk about violent, sexual torture  00:34:17 Discussion of going to a scene, police don’t know what they have  00:38:35 Talk about mutilated body a few miles from home  00:42:15 Talk about access to material was different in the 1990s  00:42:50 Conclusion, why they called the ME out to the scene   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 1985 a skull and partial remains are found in a plastic bag near Channel Islands Harbor in Oxnard, California. Thinking the remains are from a recent victim, investigators work to solve what they think is a murder. Failing to identify the victim, the case goes cold. On this episode of Body Bags, Joseph Scott Morgan will explain how the scientists at Othram Labs developed a DNA extract from the evidence and were able to identify “Ventura County Jane Doe "as the victim of a grave robbing that happened after her death in 1915. Joseph Scott Morgan and Dave Mack will share the story of Gertrude Elliot-Littlehale, a woman born in 1864 and the amazing life she lived well before she became the unidentified “cold case” of “Ventura County Jane Doe”. Othram Labs is helping solve cases that seem unsolvable with the help of everyday people willing to make a small donation at DNASOLVES.COM Please take a moment of your time and visit DNASOLVES.COM and see how you can help solve a case.         Transcript Highlights  00:00:08 Introduction of Ventura County Jane Doe  00:03:44 Discussion of Skull found in a bag in 1985  00:07:19 Talk about history and DNA  00:11:58 Discussion identifying bodies  00:15:13 Talk about going from 1985 back to 1864  00:20:49 Discussion of dogs and old bones  00:24:14 Discussion of forensic anthropologist  00:29:04 Discussion of “suture lines”  00:33:03 Talk about solving crimes with DNA  00:38:20 Discussion of building a family tree  00:42:12 Discussion of “Gertie” and her life  00:46:50 Talk about Othram Labs   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Imagine waking up inside a body bag, declared dead and transported to a funeral home, where you find yourself short of breath, BUT STILL BREATHING! In this episode of Body Bags with Joseph Scott Morgan we will explore something that is happening far more often than you think, people being declared dead, who wake up on a table in a funeral home!  And how to make sure you are not Buried Alive!           Transcript Highlights  00:00:08 Introduction: worst nightmare come true  00:03:02 Discussion being buried alive   00:07:28 Talk about funeral homes  00:11:49 Discussion of hospice care nursing  00:16:29 Discussion of soldier Battle of the Bulge  00:20:24 Talk about forensic pathology  00:24:46 Discussion of dead body, signs of death  00:28:30 Discussion of death investigation  00:31:34 Talk about people declared dead, waking up in funeral home  00:34:16 Discussion of death and declaring someone dead  00:38:04 Conclusion: cautionary tale, death investigation is important See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.