Causality

In 1983 a newly introduced 767 ran out of fuel mid-flight and the pilots were able to land completely dead-stick. Whilst 0.8kg/L and 1.77lbs/L represent the same density, when the wrong one was used in a refuelling calculation they came up well short. Why they were forced to manually calculate their fuel at all, was not nearly as controversial as the pilots decision to fly. We look at what went wrong and what went right in the incident of the Gimli Glider.With John Chidgey.Investigation Report: Final Report of the Board on Inquiry (PDF) Commentary Articles: The Gimli Glider by Damn Interesting The Gimli Glider by AOPA AC143 Airplane Crash General Information: Gimli Glider Jet Fuel Boeing 767 Forward vs Side Slips Civil aircraft fleet. Data by Country Metric vs Imperial Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

Spurred on to build the tallest and fastest Waterslide in the world by a Travel Channel show about Waterparks, the owners of the Kansas City Schlitterbahn Waterpark designed and built the Verrückt Waterslide in record time. A net enclosed the ride and on its third Summer Season a 10 Year Old boy died on impact with that netting mid-ride. We look at how design decisions, subsequent modifications and assumptions made this incident inevitable...but also how it could have easily been prevented.With John Chidgey.News Articles: Water slide that decapitated 10-year-old boy Kansas water slide death: 10yo son of Scott Schwab killed Women with boy in ill-fated waterslide raft speak out Trial of Schlitterbahn maintenance workers opens | Kansas City Star World’s tallest waterslide Court Grants Permission To Destroy World’s Tallest Waterslide Designer of Schlitterbahn slide that decapitated boy arrested at DFW Kansas lawmakers approve amusement ride law following child’s death Kansas water slides remain closed after new law Verrückt water slide timeline of events Charges laid over tragic death of Caleb Schwab on world’s tallest waterslide Commentary Articles: Verruckt Waterslide Death Result Of Poor Weight Distribution? The making of Schlitterbahn’s Verruckt water slide: Too much, too fast? Schlitterbahn’s Tragic Slide (ORIGINAL) Schlitterbahn’s Tragic Slide (ARCHIVED) Legal Articles: Sisters Represented by SJB Reach Verruckt Settlement $20M Settlement Reached In Verrückt Water Slide Tragedy - Legal Reader Murder charges dismissed over decapitation of Caleb Schwab on ‘world’s tallest waterslide’ - ABC News ‘Good old boys’ acquitted over 10-year-old boy’s death on ‘world’s tallest’ waterslide - ABC News Videos of the Ride: World’s Tallest Water Slide Now Open to Public Verrückt Water Slide at Schlitterbahn Kansas City ASTM: ASTM International ASTM International Safety Standards for Amusement Rides & Devices published by Committee F24 F2291 (2006 Edition) (PDF) General Information: Schlitterbahn Kansas City Schlitterbahn ProSlide - Hydro Magnetic Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.With thanks to Rosie Symes for the topic suggestion.

With demand for Asbestos in building products in the 1940s, a discovery in Western Australia's remote Pilbara region of Blue Asbestos led to the creation of a mining town called Wittenoom. Despite the growing list of illnesses and deaths of workers from the mine and milling operation, the company pressed on until it closed for 'financial' reasons. We look at the dangers of dust inhalation and try to determine if we have collectively learned anything from the disaster at Wittenoom.With John Chidgey.News Articles: Memories of Wittenoom Exposure to Asbestos Takes Its Toll CSR Still Fighting Closure of Wittenoom Wittenoom Riddled with Asbestos About Asbestos: Asbestos The Colours of Asbestos What Is Asbestos and Where Does it Come From? About Engineered Stone: Engineered Stone Fact Sheet Engineered Stone Ban General Information: Closure of Wittenoom Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity Consequences of Wittenoom Silicosis and Black Lung Cases Rising Wittenoom Australian Blue Asbestos Selling the Wittenoom Dream Wittenoom Health Disaster Lang Hancock Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.With thanks to Christian French for the topic suggestion.

A young company pushing to re-invent deep sea exploration with an initial focus on opening up tourism to the wreck of the Titanic, OceanGate garnered the fascination of many around the world. With a different approach to their hull design they forged ahead despite many warnings from experts in the field, concerned about their design decisions and materials choices. When the submersible imploded killing all five aboard including the company CEO, the experts were only surprised about how OceanGate had got as far as they had...before it all went horribly wrong.With John Chidgey.Formal Reports: NTSB Final Report (PDF) US Coast Guard Marine Board of Investigation Final Report (PDF) General Information: OceanGate Titan Submersible Implosion Antipodes Oceangate Cyclops 1 (PDF) OceanGate founder looks beyond Titanic to new deep-sea frontiers The Titan Tragedy: A Deep Dive Into Carbon Fiber Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.

Planned for nearly a century, when the time came to build a permanent link across the Lower Yarra River, a relatively new style of bridge, the box-girder, was chosen. Using new computer technology assisting the engineers to design a bridge that was too complex to calculate by hand, and using a unique lifting strategy promised time and cost savings. Ultimately though when the pieces didn't fit together in the air, their attempts to make them fit, didn't work. We dive into what went wrong on Australia's largest ever industrial disaster.With John Chidgey.Formal Report: Victorian Royal Commission Report (PDF) Milford Haven Incident: Cleddau Bridge disaster General Information: Kentledge West Gate Tunnel Slide rule Box girder bridge Cleddau Bridge Widening the West Gate Freeway Melbourne October 15 Weather The West Gate Bridge Memorial Robbo Bennett’s Tribute How the West Gate Bridge collapse changed Melbourne 1970 West Gate Bridge Disaster West Gate Bridge Image Gallery The West Gate Bridge Collapse West Gate Bridge Under Construction, 1969 Support Causality on PatreonEpisode Gold Producers: 'r', Steven Bridle, Kellen Frodelius-Fujimoto and Steve Branam.Episode Silver Producers: Mitch Biegler, Shane O'Neill, Jared Roman, Katharina Will, Chad Juehring, Ian Gallagher and Jamie Russell.