Daily Bitachon

This is a special edition focusing on the importance of enhancing your Shabbat for the year of 5786 in the Hebrew calendar). I'll explain why shortly. The Significance of Rosh Hashanah on Shabbat We're all familiar with the Sefer Minchat Ani regarding Parshat Ha'azinu , which states that a year in which Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat is either one of the best or one of the worst of years. It lists historical downfalls associated with such years: the destructions of the Beit HaMikdash (Holy Temple), the Spanish Inquisition. As we know closer to home, October 27th and 9/11 both occurred in such years. The core question is: what about a year where Rosh Hashanah is on Shabbat makes it capable of such extremes? Next year, 5787, will have this alignment, and it will happen intermittently for several years after that. It behooves us to understand its importance. I'm discussing this now, not just before next Rosh Hashanah, because preparation is key. The Shofar Analogy and the Role of Shabbat Most people ask: "Why is it potentially a bad year? Well, you don't blow the Shofar on Shabbat, so there's no Shofar—it won't be a great year." But this doesn't explain why it can sometimes be a great year. If the only difference is the missing Shofar, why the duality? The explanation lies in a mashal (parable): Imagine a king with two servants. One, a male servant, works in the treasury, managing the royal jewels and crowns. The other, a female servant who is an excellent chef, works in the kitchen, and she is married to the treasury servant. One day, the treasury servant is caught embezzling and sentenced to death. His wife pleads with the king, arguing that if her husband dies, she will be emotionally paralyzed and unable to cook for the king anymore—it's not worth it for the king. The king agrees and pardons his servant. A few years later, the servant falls back into his old ways and starts stealing again. He is caught. The wife again goes to plead for him, but this time, she enters wearing a cast on her arm. The king asks about the cast. She explains that besides stealing, her husband has a temper and broke her arm last week. Hearing this, the king decides: "It's better for you if I don't pardon your husband. If your husband treats you this way, I'm better off having him executed, and you will have a better life." The man's life is then over. Connecting the Parable to Our Lives What does this have to do with us? The servant is the Jewish people. The king is God. The wife is Shabbat . Shabbat is called Shabbat Malka (Queen Shabbat). We know the famous Midrash that says every day has its match, but Shabbat has no match, and God made the Jewish people Shabbat's match. So, we are a couple, and God is the King (or even the matchmaker, the shadchan ). When Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat, the Shofar is not blown. The Sages were concerned that people might carry the Shofar, thereby violating Shabbat. Thus, we are protecting Shabbat. Shabbat, our "wife," becomes our lawyer that comes to our rescue before God. Now, how does our lawyer, Shabbat, look when she comes to our rescue? Is she prim and proper, well-dressed, and composed? Or does she have a broken arm or leg—is she injured? How our Shabbat appears when representing us before God on that day determines the outcome. If she looks great, we are pardoned; if she doesn't look good, chas v'shalom (God forbid), the opposite occurs. Why Prepare Now? Why am I telling you this now, with a year to go? Because you cannot wake up the day before Rosh Hashanah that falls on Shabbat and suddenly start fixing your Shabbat observance. You must prepare well in advance. We have forewarning; we know the calendar tells us that our Rosh Hashanah next year falls on Shabbat. The advice is clear: Make sure your "Shabbat Kallah" (your bride/Shabbat) looks her best next year! Start working on your Shabbat now , ensuring it looks as good as it possibly can. What does this mean practically? It means respecting Shabbat with your food and drink, respecting Shabbat by meticulously observing the 39 melachot (prohibited activities). Furthermore, consider your level of spirituality: your learning, your Tehillim (Psalms), whatever it may be—focus on enhancing your Shabbat this year. On a personal note, I know of two very good books on Shabbat observance: "Living Shabbat" and "Embrace Shabbat." Both are available from Artscroll; you can order them at artscroll.com. Perhaps you could read even one piece from one of them at every meal, and in that way, you can work on enhancing your Shabbat this year and getting your [outcome you desire].

The Power of Bitachon: "Behold, God is my Salvation" (Isaiah 12:2) The verse from Isaiah 12:2— הִנֵּה אֵל יְשׁוּעָתִי אֶבְטַח וְלֹא אֶפְחָד כִּי עָזִּי וְזִמְרָת יָהּ יְהוָה וַיְהִי לִי לִישׁוּעָה : Hineih Eil Yeshu'ati Evtach v'Lo Efchad ("Behold, God is my salvation; I shall trust and not fear")—serves as a core expression of Bitachon (trust in God) and is a source of strength in many Jewish practices. Its traditional use at Motzei Shabbat , as noted by the Sefer Pri Tzaddik, is to combat the sense of fear one feels when descending from the sanctity of Shabbat back into the challenges and uncertainties of the mundane world. The passage highlights three classic rabbinic interpretations: 1. The Vilna Gaon: Relying on Mercy, Not Merit The Vilna Gaon (Gaon of Vilna) focuses on the specific term used for God: Eil אל The Gaon explains that the correct approach to prayer is to invoke God's mercy and kindness. Eil is a Divine attribute often associated with compassion ( Eil Rachum v'Chanun ). The Interpretation: By declaring Eil Yeshu'ati ("God is my salvation"), we are relying on God's infinite mercy, not our own worthiness or merits. The Result: Therefore, we do not need to fear ( v'Lo Efchad ) that our sins or unworthiness might prevent God's kindness, because God's compassion is eternal and unconditional. The Bitachon is rooted in the quality of the Savior, not the quality of the recipient. 2. The Maharit: Salvation is Guaranteed in Suffering Rabbi Yosef Trani (the Mahari"t), in his sermons on Parshat Va'etchanan , sees this verse as the foundational reason for hope. The verse contains an explicit hint: Ozi v'Zimrat Yah יה , the two-letter name Hashem the full four-letter name), va-Y'hi li li'Y'shu'ah . The Interpretation: The verse teaches that God is with us in our trouble and suffering. Just as the Divine Name is currently incomplete (only partially revealed) in this world, but guaranteed to be complete in the future, so too our ultimate salvation is guaranteed. The Hope: Knowing that God's full name and glory will eventually be revealed provides certainty that the individual will also emerge successfully from their current distress. 3. The Maggid of Dubno: The Salvation is Already Here The Maggid of Dubno highlights a crucial grammatical point in the phrase, va-Y'hi li li'Y'shu'ah ("and He was a salvation for me"). The Grammatical Insight: The verse does not use the future tense, -Y'hi ("and it will be"), rather the past tense, Vayehi ("and it was"). The Interpretation: This implies that salvation is already here, right now, even though we do not perceive it. The suffering is not merely a prelude to salvation; it is itself an intrinsic part of the redemptive process. The Analogy: This is likened to the growth of the Messiah ( tzemach David ), who is compared to a growing plant ( tzemach ). When the seed is buried underground and seems to be decaying, it is already in the crucial stage of growing toward the visible tree. The Element of Surprise: Hineih This understanding connects powerfully to the opening word of the verse: Hineih הנה , which means "Behold!" or "Surprise!" Citing examples like the birth of Jacob and Esau ( כד) וַיִּמְלְאוּ יָמֶיהָ לָלֶדֶת וְהִנֵּה תוֹמִם בְּבִטְנָהּ :or Jacob's surprise upon marrying Leah וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר וְהִנֵּה הִוא לֵאָה , Hineih signifies an unexpected realization. The Conclusion: The surprise is the realization: "Behold! I didn't realize it, but God is my salvation right here, right now." In the future, we will look back and understand the underlying meaning of history and even be grateful for the tribulations, because they were the necessary process leading to redemption and spiritual triumph (as referenced in Isaiah 12:1). This powerful verse encapsulates the teaching of Rabbi Wolbe to be a "pasuk of strength" when situations are unclear, urging us to root our trust not in our circumstances, but in the unwavering and ever-present nature of the Divine commitment.

The Lesson of Bitachon: Overcoming Jealousy and Finding Your Unique Mission This lesson on Bitachon (trust and reliance on God) is drawn from the teachings of Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe , specifically in a letter he wrote to a young Yeshivah bachur (student) suffering from depression and lack of focus in his learning. Rabbi Wolbe identifies the root cause of the student's distress—and the core theme of the story of Cain and Abel in the weekly Torah portion ( Parsha )—as jealousy. The Root Cause: Measuring Yourself by Others The student, being in a Yeshivah environment surrounded by talented peers, was constantly comparing himself to others. He could only see his friends' positive qualities and talents while focusing exclusively on his own deficiencies and lacking's. He felt that because he didn't possess their specific gifts, he was unable to achieve success. To combat this, Rabbi Wolbe stresses a fundamental principle of Bitachon : You must know that HaKadosh Baruch Hu (God) gives every single person the necessary talents and abilities to fulfill his or her mission in life. This concept is acknowledged every morning in the Birchot HaShachar (Morning Blessings) when we declare: She'asah li kol tzarchi ("Who has provided me with all my needs"). This blessing confirms that everything a person requires—both physically and spiritually—to fulfill their unique destiny has already been granted to them by the Creator. The problem, therefore, is not a lack of abilities, but a lack of perspective: constantly measuring oneself with other people's measuring sticks. The Principle of Non-Overlapping Kingdoms Rabbi Wolbe calls the recognition of one's unique giftedness an Avodah Gedolah (great and important work). The crucial realization is embodied in the principle: Ein Malchut Noga'at B'Chavarta (One kingdom does not touch the other.) This means that the reign of two kings will not overlap. In a spiritual context, it signifies that God gave you your abilities, and only you can do what you are meant to do. Your friends, with all their specific talents and knowledge, will fulfill their missions, and you will fulfill yours . You must stop comparing yourself to others and instead believe that your Creator has already provided all your spiritual needs. The Lesson from Cain and Abel The lesson of non-reliance on external approval is mirrored in the Torah's account of Cain. When God rejects Cain's offering, He asks him: "Why are you so upset, and why has your face fallen? If you do good, you will be lifted up..." (Genesis 4:6-7). Commenting on this verse, the Or HaChaim (a classic commentary) notes that when a person performs good deeds, those deeds naturally elevate themselves. The spiritual status of the deed is inherent, not dependent on external validation. Rabbi Wolbe emphasizes a related powerful statement: HaKedusha einah tzerichah la'acheirim (Holiness does not need the approval of others.) You are not dependent on others to validate your efforts or your talents. If you possess the qualities, you need only to execute your mission. The Danger: Rotting Bones This concept is rooted in the verse from Proverbs (14:30): Rakev atzamot kinah (Jealousy causes the bones to rot). When a person is consumed by jealousy, they forget all the positive things God has given them. They only focus on what others possess, and in the process, their own inherent potential atrophies. The "bones" that support the person's self-worth become rotten due to the focus on what is lacking. The Final Foundation It is crucial to believe that God does not want everyone to look, learn, or understand things the same way. Each person has their own approach based on their unique talents and abilities. When a person dedicates effort using their personal gifts, they will merit achieving what they need to achieve. Rabbi Wolbe concludes with a famous story of Rabbi Naftali Amsterdam, one of the foremost students of Rabbi Yisrael Salanter: Rabbi Amsterdam once lamented to his Rebbe : "If only I had the keen intellect of the Sha'agat Aryeh, the pious heart of the Yesod V'Shoresh HaAvodah, and the perfected character traits of my Rebbe (Rabbi Salanter)— then I could truly serve God!" Rabbi Salanter immediately responded: "Naftali, with your head, with your heart, and your character traits, you can be a true servant of God." This is the fundamental principle of Bitachon : Believing that God has given you exactly what you need to fulfill your mission in life, and relying on Him to help you get there. The first murder in history stemmed from this failure to understand one's own mission, a "Cain" trait that we must all recognize and strive to overcome.

Rambam's Understanding of Sukkot (Guide for the Perplexed, 3:43) The Rambam explains that the holiday of Sukkot is designed to achieve the goal of ששון ושמחה (happiness and joy), and for this reason, it must last for seven days, " כדי שיתפרסם הענין " (so the topic will become well-known and advertised) and make a lasting impact. The Timing and Mindsets (Cognition and Character Traits) The time of the holiday is explicitly set by the Torah during the gathering of the harvest, a period when people have peace of mind and are relieved from the most basic needs. This setting is ideal for imparting two crucial lessons: 1. Mindset (Cognition/Knowledge): Remembering Miracles: It is an opportunity to remember the miracles that happened to the Jewish people in the desert for the benefit of future generations. 2. Character Trait ( מדות - Humility and Gratitude): Remembering Humble Beginnings: A person, successful and at the "top of the world" while gathering their grain, must remember their earlier, humble beginnings and "bad days." Reason 1: Gratitude: To take the opportunity to thank the Creator who brought them to this success. Reason 2: Humility: To cultivate the trait of humility and prevent arrogance due to current success. The Act of Dwelling in the Sukkah To fully internalize this lesson, the Rambam emphasizes the physical act of leaving one's home and dwelling in the Sukkah: Living the Lesson: We sit in temporary booths, reminding ourselves that we were once desert wanderers and were in a "suffering state." The Sukkah as a Booth (Not necessarily 'Ananei Kavod'): The emphasis here is on the simple booths of desert wanderers, a more fundamental understanding of the commandment, rather than solely the "Clouds of Glory" ( 'Ananei Kavod ). The Transition: We remember that from those simple beginnings, God brought us to our beautiful homes. The Role of Zechut Avot (Merit of the Forefathers) The Rambam explains that the Jewish people merited to leave the simple booths and live in beautiful homes for two reasons: God's Kindness. The Promises Made to the Forefathers: Specifically, Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov, who were perfect in their mindsets and character traits. This leads to a fundamental principle: Source of Blessing: All the good that God has given and will give is because of זכות אבות (the merit of our forefathers), who maintained the דרך השם (path of God) and performed acts of righteousness. This reinforces the lesson of humility, as our success is not solely due to our own current merit. Shemini Atzeret and the Arba Minim (Four Species) Shemini Atzeret: Since not all the requisite happiness can be fully achieved in the temporary Sukkah, the people come back into their homes to "finish off the happiness" on the concluding eighth day. Arba Minim : The four species indicate appreciation for the transition from the desert to the fertile land of Israel ( Eretz Yisrael ). The desert does not produce such fruits and beautiful plants, which require fertile, moist land. Choosing species for their nice smell and beautiful appearance allows us to appreciate the success of our crops, which further necessitates humility at this time. Modern Application The Rambam's outlook is highly practical and can be applied in modern times: Material Success: Just as farmers appreciate their crops, a modern person (e.g., selling shoes or handbags) can view their products and appreciate their year's success, which further inspires humility and gratitude. Personal Origins: The lesson extends beyond remembering the journey to Eretz Yisrael to remembering one's personal, family, or national origins. Anyone whose family immigrated can remember the humble beginnings and origins of their grandparents—the modest homes, apartment buildings, and origins—to appreciate their current success, become humbled and thankful, and remember the זכות אבות .

There are important principles in our faith, which basically come down to one important point, which is that God's wisdom is above our wisdom and therefore, we don't understand how He acts with us and we don't necessarily understand what He asks us to do (Mitzvot). And actually we can take it a step further- We don't understand nature either. Why am I putting these three things together? Because these are three areas where God reveals Himself in the world. God reveals Himself in nature; He created the world, that's one of the places He reveals himself, and yet there are so many things that are beyond our understanding- the human body, the animal kingdom, the botanical kingdom and so on. Then there are the commandments that He gave us: Tefilin, Sisit etc. And then there is the way God acts with us. All three of these are beyond our understanding, but we can apply one to the other. There's a story where someone once came to the Chazon Ish and said, " I don't understand the way God's acting with me. It doesn't make sense. It doesn't seem fair." So the Chazon Ish sat down with him to learn Gemara, and after learning the Gemara and Tosafot (which is a little difficult to understand), the man did not understand it. And the Chazon Ish said, " If you don't understand this Tosafot, you don't understand this piece of information that God gave over how, are you going understand the way God is acting with you?" Each one of these three areas can teach us that don't understand. We don't understand Mitzvot and Torah, We don't understand creation… exactly how certain things work in our body, And lastly, we don't understand how He acts with us. In this week's perasha, two out of the three show up. The first one is where Moshe Rabbenu says, הַצּוּר֙ תָּמִ֣ים פׇּֽעֳל֔וֹ כִּ֥י כׇל־דְּרָכָ֖יו מִשְׁפָּ֑ט אֵ֤ל אֱמוּנָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין עָ֔וֶל צַדִּ֥יק וְיָשָׁ֖ר הֽוּא God is a rock. Everything He does is perfect. All of his ways are just. He's a loyal God, a reliable God, there is no iniquity. He's righteous. He's straight. And that means everything that God does is perfect. The Midrash Tehilim says, on this pasuk, "They told Moshe," (I don't know who they is), " Who made it that you can't go into Eretz Yisrael?" And he said, "I caused it to happen." And they said, " You caused it? God caused it." But Moshe said, " Heaven forbid. even if you see something that doesn't seem right, for example, if a good man is suffering or the opposite, you always have to know this Pasuk: HaSur Tamim Paalo God is a rock. Everything He does is perfect." Moshe Rabbenu said this, as we quoted above from this week's perasha. And this is similar to another interaction where they tell Adam HaRishon, " Who caused you to die?" and he answers, "I caused myself to die. " And they say, " What do you mean, didn't God cause you to die?" He says, " Heaven forbid," and gives a mashal of a man that's lying on his sickbed. The doctor tells him what to eat and what not to eat, but he doesn't listen to the doctor. Now, when he's deathly ill, someone says, " Did the doctor cause you to become deathly ill ?" And he says, " No, the doctor didn't cause me deathly ill. I didn't listen to the doctor, and that's why I'm deathly ill." That is an important concept. Tamim Pa'alo Everything God does is perfect and we can't question- because of this very point. We have to accept that God is fair and God is just, and we just don't understand it.. It's beyond us to understand. That's when it comes to the way God acts. When it comes to Mitzvot, it's also a pasuk in the perasha, כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דָבָ֨ר רֵ֥ק הוּא֙ " It is not something empty from you ,״ referring to the Mitzvot, " it's your life." The Gemara Yerushalmi in Pe'ah says, " If it's empty, it's because you are empty." Sometimes people say, " That makes no sense," when really it does make sense, but they just don't understand it. The the lacking is not in it , the lacking is in you. The Chafetz Chaim gives a mashal of a man who had a suit that was tailored perfectly to him. A few months later, he goes back to the tailor and says, " This suit is too big. It doesn't fit me ." And the tailor says, " The suit was made perfectly. The problem is, you got sick and lost a lot of weight. That's why the suit is baggy." And the same thing is true for us. If someone says, " Hey, the mitzvah of Tefilin doesn't fit me well, it doesn't make sense to me," the Chafetz Chaim says, " The Tefilin is the right size. Your head just got smaller." You don't understand. The lacking is in you . This is the important principle that we are discussing: Our ability to understand is limited. We cannot understand how Mitzvot work, but if we don't understand, it's not that the mitzvah doesn't make sense, but rather, it's something that we're lacking. If God acts in a certain way and we don't like it, it's because we don't understand it. Again, God's actions are perfect, and His decisions are just..we just don't understand them. The last one, which is not in the Perasha , is how does nature work? How do the wonders of nature work? And just as we'll never understand the wisdom of creation, so too, we don't understand how God acts with us and we don't understand God's Mitzvot. Basically, we have to say, "I have faith. I rely on Hashem. He knows what He's doing." Have a wonderful day and a Shabbat Shalom.

ספר ערבי נחל - פרשת בהר וחיות האדם נחלק לנפש רוח ונשמה חיה יחידה, וביארנו כמה פעמים כי זה הוא מעשה דיבור ומחשבה ושכל והוא נפש רוח נשמה חיות וכל אחד משתלשל מהקודם, ובחינת יחידה הוא רצון פשוט אשר הוא דק ורוחני עוד יותר מבחינת השכל והחכמה והוא מבחינת כתר : ספר ליקוטי תורה - פרשת בלק שבחי' פנימי' נקודת הלב היא בחי' יחידה שאין לה אלא רצון אחד לאביה שבשמים והיא המעלה והמדרגה שאין דוגמתה ולא בערכה נמצא בגשמיות כלל רק לה' לבדו נמצא בבנ"י עם קרובו: Welcome to the Erev Yom Kippur Edition We're quoting from Rabbeinu Yonah in the fourth gate of his Sefer Sha'arei Teshuvah (The Gates of Repentance). In the eighth letter, he explains that a person who has sinned, even after performing Teshuvah (repentance), still requires a final Kapparah (atonement), which arrives with Yom Kippur . Therefore, the entire year should be spent yearning and waiting for this great day. Why? So that we may once again find favor in God's eyes . This divine favor is the ultimate source of life for both the body and the soul—it is the source of everything. As the pasuk (verse) in Tehillim (Psalms) says: "Chaim bi'Rtzono" — Life comes from God's will. The Joy of Atonement: Why We Eat on Erev Yom Kippur Rabbeinu Yonah uses this concept to explain why we are instructed to eat and drink on Erev Yom Kippur (the day before Yom Kippur). The festive meal holds the value of Yom Kippur itself because it is a way to express our happiness over the great atonement that is about to come. He also presents a second, related reason: Every holiday involves a meal or Seudah because the holiday itself is a Mitzvah (commandment). We eat and drink to celebrate the Mitzvah, following the principle that the happier a person is about a Mitzvah, the greater the reward for fulfilling it. Conversely, serving God without joy limits the reward. Since Yom Kippur is the only holiday on which we are commanded not to eat, we shift the celebratory meal—the Simchat HaMitzvah (joy of the Mitzvah) of Yom Kippur—to Erev Yom Kippur . This celebratory meal becomes a testimony to our profound concern and worry over our sins, and our absolute certainty and joy in the coming atonement. Therefore, we should be in a happy mood and celebrate the great day of Yom Kippur and its atonement. The Five Levels of the Soul and the Power of Ne'ilah To add further depth, Rav Wolbe (as do many other holy books) teaches us about the unique nature of this day. We normally have a day with three or four prayers, but never five. This fifth prayer, Ne'ilah , corresponds to the five sections of our soul: Nefesh (Corresponds to the liver) Ruach (Corresponds to the heart) Neshamah (Corresponds to the brain) These first three are the standard parts of the soul within us: Moach, Lev, Kaved (Brain, Heart, Liver). Chayah (Life) - A part of the soul hovering above us. Yechidah (Singular/Unique) - The highest part, rooted in God. Every soul is a "chelek Eloka mi'ma'al" — a piece of God from above . This highest root, the Yechidah , is a point of pure connection where we are simply "plugged in" to God without question, beyond the realm of good and bad or choice. Rav Wolbe explains that each of the five prayers on Yom Kippur ignites one of these parts of the soul. Finally, at Ne'ilah , the highest part of our soul—the Yechidah , which is often dormant all year—is engaged and enlightened. This is the ultimate source of the Kapparah (atonement) that happens during Ne'ilah, granting us an understanding of God's Oneness ( Yichud ). The Meaning of Ne'ilah : Locked In with God The word Yechidah shares the same root as Yichud , which means to be alone. One understanding of why the final prayer is called Ne'ilah , which means to close, is that the gates of mercy are closing . However, a deeper understanding suggests that we are now being locked in a room alone with God . Just as a bride and groom enter a locked room for Yichud to begin their marriage, we are granted the opportunity to be alone with God in a special way. The moment of Yechidah is that moment when we are alone with God and achieve that ultimate clarity. This is also what we look forward to—this is Rtzono , His will and desire to be alone with us in such a special way. Let us therefore look forward to Yom Kippur not with dread, but as a wonderful day to be embraced, taking in every moment of this unique time that will give us life for the whole year: "Chaim bi'Rtzono," life that comes with His will.

The Essential Obligation: Forgiving Others on Yom Kippur This is a beautifully insightful text about the spiritual preparation for Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), focusing on the less emphasized but crucial aspect of forgiving others . Here is the edited and cleaned-up version, maintaining the original's tone and rich sourcing: Welcome to a special edition of our Bitachon (Trust in God) class, as it relates to forgiving people on Yom Kippur . We place a major emphasis on asking others for Mechilah (forgiveness). It is critically important to seek forgiveness from anyone you may have wronged before Yom Kippur. However, we often place less stress on the equally vital obligation: that we must remove from our hearts any ill feelings, or what is known as K'peidot—being upset, holding a grudge, or exacting in judgment toward others. Rav Chaim Palaggi , in his work Moed L'kol Chai (Chapter 19), quotes the Zohar which states that if a person does not remove upsetness from their heart, their Tefillos (prayers) are interfered with. He cites his teacher, Rav Eliyahu Cohen of Izmir , who explains that throughout the year the angel will bring up prayers, on Yom Kippur specifically, one must remove these negative feelings. Rav Palaggi reiterates this in Chapter 16, stating: "One who does not remove hatred from his heart on Yom Kippur—his prayer is neither heard nor accepted." Therefore, he concludes, one should be ma'avir al midosav, meaning they should be completely easygoing and overlook the faults of others. This is the intention behind the passage many recite nightly before Kri'at Shema al HaMittah: "Harenini mochel v'sole'ach..." : I hereby forgive and pardon anyone who angered or provoked me—whether it affected my body, my money, or whatever the matter may be, I forgive them. We must ask ourselves: when we say that, do we truly mean it? Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul , in Or L'Tzion, actually states: if you don't mean it, you shouldn't say it. But, as Rav Chaim Palaggi emphasizes, during these days we must work on genuinely meaning it. We have to overcome our true upsets and genuinely forgive those who wronged us. Why Forgiveness is Our Shield Why is this internal forgiveness so important? The Sefer Cheshek Shlomo from Rav Shlomo Sirok (brought in a collection of ancient manuscripts by Rav Yaakov Hillel) explains the profound reason: On Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur , when we ask God to forgive us, the Satan (accuser) stands up and says: "Hold on! Treat them the way they treat others. If they don't want to forgive others, You shouldn't forgive them either!" This causes a person's sins to be remembered and held against them. Therefore, one should be meticulous in forgiving and being easygoing so that God will treat them the way they treat others. Just as we want God to forgive us, we must forgive others. The Power of Bitachon (Trust in God) The question, however, remains: How? How can one truly forgive when a person has deeply wronged or upset them? This brings us back to the Torah's command not to bear a grudge. It's an enormous ask: "Let bygones be bygones and forget what the person did to you." The Sefer HaChinuch provides the only path to achieve this: having Bitachon (trust in God) and believing that no human being could do anything to you—no human being can impact you in any way—unless God specifically decreed it. The person who wronged you will be punished by God, but that is not your concern. That is between them and God. As for you, if it was going to happen to you, it would have happened regardless of who performed the action. The Sefer HaChinuch brings the famous story of Shimei ben Gera , who cursed King David when David was fleeing from Absalom. David's response was profound: "Hashem said to him, 'Curse!'" David understood that God put the cursing into Shimei's mind. It had nothing to do with Shimei's personal spite; it was part of God's decree. Because of this profound control and understanding, David was elevated to become the fourth "leg" of God's throne (alongside Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob). His self-mastery, rooted in the understanding that God ultimately orchestrates everything, earned him this immense spiritual status. The Saving Power of Forgiveness This is not an easy job; it takes hard work. But this is our assignment on Yom Kippur: to arouse that deep-seated Bitachon . We are all familiar with the story involving Rav Chaim Shmulevitz . The Mir Yeshiva was in a bomb shelter during a war, and as people prayed, a bomb struck the shelter. The building shook, but the bomb turned out to be a dud. Rav Shmulevitz later said that people assumed it was the fervent prayers of the young men that protected the Yeshiva. He then related that he was not far from a woman who had been grievously wronged by her husband many years earlier—he had abandoned her, leaving her an agunah (a woman whose husband's whereabouts are unknown). At that precise moment, she simply looked up and said: "Hashem, I forgive him. Please forgive us." Rav Shmulevitz stated he believed those were the words that made the impact and saved the Yeshiva. It is a powerful, saving strength. We must delve deep into the recesses of our soul to find the strength to forgive someone who wronged us and believe that ultimately, they were not the ones who truly made it happen. When we are able to forgive others, God is able to forgive us, and our prayers are heard. May we all merit to engage in this deep spiritual work.

The Essential Theme of Humility in the High Holidays The Bent Shofar: A Symbol of Humility On Rosh Hashanah , we blow the Shofar . The Halacha emphasizes the importance of a bent Shofar. Even if we have a choice between a bent Shofar from a goat and a straight one from a ram ( Ayil ), we choose the bent one. Furthermore, if the choice is between a straight Shofar with a great sound and a bent one with a lesser sound, the bent Shofar is still preferred. Why? The Mishnah Berurah explains that the essential requirement is for the Shofar to be bent, as the Gemara states. The bent shape symbolizes humility ( Anavah ). Rosh Hashanah is a day for humbling ourselves before God, and this principle of "bending" carries through the entire High Holiday period. Ne'ilah and the Essence of Awe This concept of humility extends directly to Yom Kippur , specifically during the concluding Ne'ilah prayer. The Gemara teaches that the core of the Ne'ilah service lies in the words: "Mah anachnu, mah chayeinu, mah kocheinu, mah gevurateinu" — "What are we? What is our life? What is our strength? What is our power?" We are declaring that we are nothing on our own. Why is this fundamental declaration of powerlessness so central to both Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur? The Desire to Be the Boss: The Original Sin The answer goes back to the Original Sin . The Serpent ( Nachash ) told Adam and Eve, "The reason God commanded you not to eat from that tree is because He ate from it and it made Him a boss. He doesn't want you to be a boss, too." We bought into the lie and ate. This event reveals a fundamental human flaw: a person's deep-seated desire to be in charge , to be the boss, and to reject the authority of anyone else. The "Curse" as a Correction ( Tikun ) To fix this innate arrogance, God instituted what is commonly called a "curse," but which the Nefesh HaChaim interprets as a correction ( Tikun ). God told man, "B'zeat apecha tochal lechem"—"By the sweat of your brow you will eat bread." And to the woman, "B'etzev teldi banim"—"In pain you will give birth to children." Why these two specific things? Because when is a person closest to feeling like a creator? When a man plants a seed in the ground and out comes a tree. When a woman conceives a seed in her womb and out comes a baby. In these moments, one is most likely to exclaim, " I'm the boss! Look what I just did! " God's wisdom ensures that precisely in these areas—your business and your family—where you feel most in control, a curveball will appear: a setback in your work or a difficulty in raising your children. The purpose ( Tachlit ) is to force us to cry out to God and declare, "I realize I'm not in charge; You are in charge." This is the meaning of the Tikun —the correction. The entire season of the High Holidays, symbolized by the bent Shofar , is designed to help us internalize this essential truth of humility and dependence on God.

Shabbat Shuvah A close connection exists between the observance of Shabbat and the experience of teshuvah . This connection can be discerned already in the word שבת , which relates to the verb שוב , the root of the word תשובה . This connection also emerges from the following story told in the Midrash ( Vayikra Rabbah 10:5) about a meeting that took place between Kayin, after he repented for his sin, and his father, Adam: כיון שיצא פגע בו אדם הראשון אמר לו מה נעשה בדינך אמר לו עשיתי תשובה ונתפשרתי כיון ששמע אדם הראשון כך התחיל טופח על פניו אמר לו כל כך היא כחה של תשובה ולא הייתי יודע באותה שעה אמר אדם הראשון מזמור שיר ליום השבת. Adam asked Kayin what happened to him as a result of his sin, and Kayin replied that he repented and was thus given a light sentence. At that moment, the Midrash tells, Adam began slapping himself in frustration. "If I had realized that teshuvah was so powerful," he cried, "I would have performed teshuvah after my sin!" The Midrash concludes that Adam then proceeded to compose the Psalm of מזמור שיר ליום השבת , the special song for Shabbat. This clearly indicates that Shabbat somehow closely relates to the concept of teshuvah . Another indication to this effect can be found in a Midrashic passage cited by the Orchot Tzadikim( Shaar haTeshuvah) . The Midrash tells that when Moshe ascended to the heavens to receive the Torah, he found angels with a Sefer Torah open in each of the seven levels of heaven. At each level, the angels were learning about the corresponding day of creation: the angels at the first level were learning about the first day of creation, at the second level they were learning about the second day, and so on, until the seventh level, where the angels learned about Shabbat. Additionally, the angels at each level were discussing and praising G-d for a certain concept. At the first level, they spoke about the Torah; on the second, the Torah and the Jewish People; on the third, the city of Jerusalem; the fourth, Moshiach ; the fifth, the suffering of Gehinom ; on the sixth level, they spoke of Gan Eden and prayed that G-d grant the Jewish People a portion in Gan Eden . On the seventh level, which corresponds to Shabbat, Moshe Rabbenu held onto the Throne of Glory, which is situated on that level, and he saw all kinds of angels assembled discussing teshuvah . They praised the power of teshuvah , which reaches all the way to the Throne of Glory, as alluded to in the pasuk , שובה ישראל עד ה' אלקיך . This, too, points to a close connection between Shabbat and teshuvah . The seventh level of the heavens, which is situated near the Throne of Glory, corresponds to Shabbat, because Shabbat is associated with teshuvah , which rises directly to the Throne. The basis of this connection is the concept of return. Rav Wolbe noted that teshuvah does not actually mean "repentance," but rather "return." Teshuvah is about returning to Hashem, and Shabbat is the time when all of creation returns to its source. The concept of the seven different layers of the heaven is discussed by the Gemara, in Masechet Chagigah(12b). The Gemara there gives the names of these seven layers – וילון, רקיע, שחקים, זבול, מעון, מכון, ערבות . At the seventh level, the Gemara describes, there is "righteous, justice and charity," as well as "treasuries of life, treasuries of peace, and treasuries of blessing." (This, too, is connected to Shabbat, as it is the מקור הברכה – the source of all blessing – and thus G-d's "treasuries of blessing" are found on the seventh level of the heaven, which corresponds to Shabbat.) This level also contains the souls of the righteous, the souls of those who have not yet been born, and the טל תחיה – the dew with which G-d will one day resurrect the dead. Our Rabbis explain that the Gemara refers here not only to the literal resurrection, when the deceased will actually come back to life, but also the figurative "resurrection" – namely, teshuvah . A sinner is considered spiritually "dead," and the process of teshuvah enables him to regain his "life." The "dew" which enables us to "resurrect" ourselves after sin is found there, in the seventh level of the heaven, the level of Shabbat, because on Shabbat we are given the unique ability to grow and negate the harmful effects of sin. This unique power is given to us every Shabbat, but especially on Shabbat Shuvah, when Hashem calls to us, שובה עד ה' אלקיך – to return to Him, promising that our repentance will go straight to His Throne in the highest levels of the heavens. Shabbat Shuvah is so significant that the Tur ( Orach Chaim 612) records an opinion among the poskim permitting the recitation of Selichot on this Shabbat, despite the fact that Selichot is normally forbidden on Shabbat as it is inconsonant with the festive spirit of the day. The Bais Yosef explains that according to this view, the period of the Aseret Ymei Teshuvah is a time of danger, as we are being judged, and this unique situation allows us to recite Selichot and beseech Hashem for forgiveness. Although we do not follow this opinion, it demonstrates the special status of this Shabbat and how this is a most propitious time for teshuvah . Let us, then, take advantage of the unique opportunity offered by this special Shabbat, and thereby ensure that our teshuvah and efforts to grow and draw closer to Hashem will rise directly to His Throne, so we will be worthy of His kindness and grace throughout the coming year, אמן .

Welcome to a special edition in honor of Tzom Gedaliah ( צוםגדליה ), the Fast of Gedaliah. This day is a potent reminder of a tragedy that occurred following the destruction of the First Temple. Today, we commemorate the assassination of the righteous leader, Gedaliah ben Ahikam ( גדליהבןאחיקם ). His death was the final blow to the remaining Jewish community in the Land of Israel ( ארץישראל ), forcing them into exile and marking the end of the last vestiges of Jewish life there. The Dangers of Habit: Lessons from Gedaliah In his book on the Days of Awe ( ימיםנוראים ), Rabbi Nosson Wachtfogel brings forth a powerful concept: Rosh Hashanah ( ראשהשנה ) is not just about shedding bad habits; it's about renewing ourselves, even in our good deeds. The greatest pitfall, he argues, is continuing a positive behavior simply out of habit. This, Rabbi Wachtfogel explains, was Gedaliah's tragic mistake. He was warned of a plot to assassinate him but dismissed the warning, relying on his ingrained practice of never accepting slander ( לשוןהרע ). He failed to re-evaluate the situation and realize that this specific instance of gossip ( רכילות ) was permitted for a greater, life-saving reason. This rigid adherence to a pre-existing, even positive, behavior—without re-analysis—led to his death and the further exile of the Jewish people. This teaches us a crucial lesson: Don't remain stuck in old habits. Habit is the opposite of the essence of Rosh Hashanah, which demands we become a new creation ( בריהחדשה ). When Routine Becomes Rote This idea is beautifully illustrated by a story about the Satmar Rebbe, Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum. At a Chasidic wedding, a gifted jester ( בדחן ) who was known for his imitations asked the Rebbe for permission to mimic him. The Rebbe, with a smile, granted the request. The jester then proceeded to impersonate the Rebbe's unique way of shaking the lulav and etrog ( לולבואתרוג ). Everyone laughed, but in the middle of the performance, the Rebbe burst into tears. The jester's face turned pale as he rushed over to beg forgiveness, terrified that he had caused offense. "No, no," the Rebbe assured him. "You did nothing wrong." "Then why are you crying?" the jester asked. "I said to myself," the Rebbe explained, "'If you can copy the Satmar Rebbe, well, maybe I'm just copying the Satmar Rebbe, too.'" The Rebbe feared that his own prayer movements, once filled with sincere intention, had become nothing more than a mechanical imitation of the way he had prayed in his youth—a rote performance rather than an act of genuine connection. This is the danger of מצוותאנשיםמלומדה , or doing mitzvot by rote. Breaking Free of the Elephant's Rope Another powerful story highlights this point. A man once observed a group of huge circus elephants restrained only by a small rope tied to their front legs. Puzzled, he asked the trainer how it was possible that such powerful creatures didn't break free. The trainer explained, "When the elephants are small, we tie them with these same ropes, which are strong enough to hold them at that age. As they grow, they are conditioned to believe the rope can still hold them back. They never even try to break free." We, too, must break free from our "elephant rope." We may be conditioned to act a certain way, but we must constantly reassess our actions and not get stuck in the mindset of "that's just the way I do things." A Call to Action Therefore, as Rabbi Wachtfogel teaches, after Rosh Hashanah, there must be a tangible change in our lives—in our prayers, our learning, and our interactions with others. This requires a profound re-analysis of our daily routines to ensure our actions are driven by genuine renewal, not simply by old habits. A practical takeaway for this day of Tzom Gedaliah is to set aside some time to evaluate your own habits. Which routines are serving you well, and which ones could use improvement? Have a wonderful rest of your day.

An Immigrant in This World Welcome to our special Elul series of Cheshbon HaNefesh (Soul-Searching). We've now completed our 30th reflection, which prompts us to view ourselves as immigrants in this world. This is a celebration of our journey through these 30 spiritual units. Imagine a transient immigrant arriving in a foreign land. He knows no one, and no one knows him. But a compassionate, powerful person takes him in, provides his daily food, and gives him a set of instructions to follow, with clear consequences for disobedience. This guide tells him how to act and that he will eventually leave this land, though the time of departure is unknown. How should this immigrant act? Lessons from the Immigrant Humility: He should be humble, shedding all pride and arrogance. He is a sojourner, not a judge of others, as Lot was told: " One came to sojourn, and he would now judge? " Readiness: He must be ready to leave at a moment's notice and should not become too comfortable. As God says in Vayikra , " The land is Mine, for you are strangers and sojourners with Me. " Understanding the Laws: He must diligently learn the laws and statutes of the land and his obligations. King David expressed this perfectly in Tehillim : " I am a foreigner in the land; do not hide Your commandments from me. " Love for Others: As an immigrant, he should feel a special bond with other foreigners and help them. The Torah commands us, " Love the stranger, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. " Another verse in Vayikra says, " The stranger who sojourns with you shall be to you as the native-born among you, and you shall love him as yourself. " The Ramban suggests that this command, " Love him as yourself, " is even stronger than the general command to love one's neighbor, as we ourselves are immigrants. Clinging to the Guide: He must dedicate himself to the service of the one who is guiding him, as this is the only person who will truly have compassion for him and come to his aid. Like King David, who said, " I looked to my right and I saw that no one was with me; refuge was lost to me; no one cared for my soul. " Unlike the Shunammite woman who felt secure among her own people, we are truly alone but for our Creator. Contentment: He should be content with the minimal necessities provided—food, shelter, and clothing. He should not put excessive effort into accumulating possessions, as he must be ready to travel at any time. The smallest gift should bring him great joy, and he should never stop giving thanks. Tolerance: He should tolerate difficulties and not complain about simple discomforts like a lack of air conditioning, because he is grateful just to be in the country. Our True State My friends, we must accept these conditions of being an alien, because we truly are strangers here. We might think we have friends and allies, but this is an illusion. The proof is how we came into this world. No one was there to help you develop in your mother's womb. No one but God could make your limbs grow and your heart beat. And just as you were alone in the womb, you are alone in this world. No person can truly help you without God. No one can add to your life or take days away from it. As the author asks, " What relationship do you truly have with other people? " You are an immigrant in this world, and you are neither helped by the many nor harmed by the few. You are an isolated individual whose only true ally is your Creator. No one has compassion for you but Him. There may be many distractions in the world, but ultimately there is only one force to focus on. Therefore, dedicate yourself to His service, just as He dedicates Himself to creating, guiding, and sustaining you in life and in death. Keep His Torah before your eyes, hope for His reward, and fear His punishment. By accepting your alien state in this world, you will truly enjoy the delights of the world to come. This powerful message is especially fitting for Erev Rosh Hashanah , as this is what the day is all about—our special one-on-one connection with God. As God says, " I am the Lord, your God " in the singular. We must deal with Him directly, for no one else can truly affect us. This is our final reflection.

The Value of the Soul Over the Body Welcome to the Chovot HaLevavot series. We are on Cheshbon 29 , a deep introspection that prompts us to consider the value of our soul over our body. This idea helps us understand why some people hold more weight than others, not in a physical sense, but in their spiritual and moral worth. The Gemara says that a certain person is as valuable as a thousand people. For instance, Moshe Rabbeinu was considered to be worth 600,000 people. This wasn't because he was physically strong, but because of his immense spiritual stature. The Chovot HaLevavot author proves this point by quoting a verse from Shmuel II , chapter 18, verse 3. When King David was going to war, his people insisted he stay behind, saying, " You are worth ten thousand of us ." Targum Yonatan explains this was because David would pray for them. This shows that King David's true value was in his spiritual strength, not his physical might. The Importance of Inner Beauty The same principle applies to a beautiful woman. Her true quality isn't just her physical beauty. If a person is physically beautiful but lacks intellect or has poor character traits, they ultimately aren't attractive. The author quotes a verse from Mishlei (Proverbs): " A gold ring in a swine's snout is a beautiful woman who lacks discretion. " This verse, "Isha yafah v'sarat ta'am," means her beauty is worthless because she is "missing her flavor"—her proper character traits and actions. Another verse from Mishlei, "Sheker ha-chein v'hevel ha-yofi," teaches that charm is deceptive and beauty is fleeting. Physical beauty, which is tied to the body, only has true value when it is accompanied by a beautiful soul. Once we realize this, we understand that our true value is our spiritual worth. You Are Not Your Body To illustrate this point, consider the story of actor Christopher Reeve, who played Superman. After a horse-riding accident left him paralyzed, he fell into a deep depression. For a year, he withdrew from the public eye. When he finally re-emerged, he was asked what gave him the strength to do so. His answer was profound: " I realized I'm not my body. " This is a powerful statement we should all internalize. Our true qualities are spiritual. When we understand this, we realize the importance of prioritizing our soul over our body. When God looks at us, He sees the merits and blemishes of our souls. He looks at our midot tovot (good character traits), and our choices to follow either our good or evil inclinations. What makes us special is what's inside, not what's outside. A Spiritual Spa As we prepare for the High Holidays, our focus must be on our spiritual well-being. Rabbi Yerucham Levovitz once said, " Elul is a spa. " The month of Elul and especially the Aseret Yemei Teshuvah (Ten Days of Repentance) are like going to a spa. Just as a physical spa uses massages, salts, and minerals to make the body stronger and healthier, these 40 days are a spiritual spa. They give us the ability to enhance and improve everything about ourselves. We must tend to our soul more than our body, knowing that it is easier to cure our body from a grave disease than to heal our soul from the sickness of sin and the yetzer hara (evil inclination). Another verse from Mishlei, "Ru'ach ish y'chalkeil machaleihu, v'ru'ach n'ka'ah mi yisa'ena," translates to: " A person's spirit can endure a physical ailment, but who can bear a crushed spirit? " This teaches us that a spiritual ailment is far more difficult to bear than a physical one. This is why another verse in Mishlei says, "Mi-kol mishmar, netzor libecha," —" Guard your heart above all else. " We put fences, gates, and security around our homes, our money, and other valuables. But the most precious commodity we have is our heart and spirit. It needs the most guarding and protection of all.

What Happens When Trust Is Tested? This text is a discussion of the 28th cheshbon (reckoning) from Sha'ar Cheshbon HaNefesh (Gate of Introspection), focusing on a high level of bitachon (trust in God) and what happens when that trust is tested. The highest level of bitachon isn't just relying on God to get what you want. It's about complete self-surrender—giving your life, your money, and your children to God, trusting that He knows what's best. The true test of this trust comes when things don't go the way you expected, and God gives you something you didn't bargain for. To explain this, the text uses a parable: imagine a man gives his nephew a house and a field as an outright gift. The nephew then decides to tear down the house and rebuild it. If the uncle returns years later and finds his gift unrecognizable, does he have a right to be upset? Of course not, because he gave it away completely. It's now the nephews to do with as he pleases. Similarly, if we dedicate our soul and our resources to God, we can't complain or mourn when He does something we don't like. We must trust that He knows what's best, even if it doesn't look that way to us. We should not retract our commitment or show expressions of pain and upset, especially since God has been taking care of us all our lives. The text then references several biblical sources to support this idea: Hosea 11:3-4 : God says, "I trained Ephraim, I took them by My arms, but they didn't know that I healed them." This verse highlights that God is often working behind the scenes to help us, and we are not always aware of His care. Rabbenu Yonah in his commentary to Mishlei (Chapter 3) adds some other sources: Psalm 31:6 : We say nightly, "Into Your hands I commit my spirit." This isn't just a bedtime prayer; it's a declaration of trust, asking God to guide our path because He knows what is best for us. Job 2:10 : When Job's wife tells him to curse God, he replies, "Shall we accept good from God, and not accept evil?" This shows that we must accept all that comes from God, both good and bad, as part of His plan. Proverbs 3:12 : "For whom the Lord loves, He rebukes, just as a father rebukes the son whom he favors." This verse teaches that hardships are not punishments but a sign of God's love and a means for our growth, just as a father disciplines a child he loves. This introspection reminds us that even when life doesn't go as planned, our trust in God should remain unshaken. He is always working for our benefit, even when we don't understand it.

Two Ways to Tolerate Suffering The Chovot HaLevavot emphasizes that there are two ways to endure suffering ( sevel ). The first is to accept the "load" God has given you willingly and with a good heart. This is the positive approach. The second is to carry it against your will, with complaints and anger. The Chovot HaLevavot contrasts these two approaches using two verses from the book of Yeshiah: The positive way: "I am waiting for God, who is hiding His face... and I hope for Him." This verse describes a person who knows God is present, even when He seems hidden, and they remain hopeful. The negative way: "And when he becomes hungry, he gets angry and curses his king and his God." This verse illustrates a person who reacts to hardship with rage and defiance. Abraham's Example and the Desert Generation To further illustrate the difference, the Chovot HaLevavot uses two examples from Jewish tradition: Abraham: He was praised not for simply enduring his ten trials, but because he accepted them willingly and with a good heart ( beratzon uvetov levav ). The verse "You found his heart faithful before You" highlights his faithful mindset. The Desert Generation: Their sin was not simply that they faced difficulties, but that they were "upset and their heart was not with God and with Moses." The verse "their heart was not honest with Him" shows that their negative reaction was what made them guilty. The Purpose of Challenges The Chovot HaLevavot highlights that there are different types of challenges and their purpose may not always be clear. They can be: Tests: To help you grow and earn a greater reward. The speaker emphasizes that these are not necessarily a punishment for wrongdoing. Punishments: To help you atone for your sins and get back on the right path. We will never know which of these purposes a specific challenge serves. It's important to remember that challenges are not always an indication that you've done something wrong. Regardless of the reason, all of God's ways are either kindness ( chesed ) or truth ( emet ), as stated in Psalms: "All the ways of God are kind and true." They are either meant to increase your reward (kindness) or to help you atone and get back on track (truth). The Importance of Mindset The Chovot HaLevavot concludes with a powerful message: "Do not fail to think about this all the time." By consistently reflecting on the idea that challenges are here to help us grow and find atonement, you can: Strengthen your ability to tolerate hardship. Make it easier to weather life's storms. Show that you accept God's will. This understanding brings comfort, as King David said: "Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me." It also shows faith ( bitachon ), and strengthens the heart of all who hope in God.

The Fear of Punishment and the Fear of God Welcome to the "Heshbon HaNefesh" (Soul Accounting) series. The 26th reflection asks: What happens when a person in authority gives you a command and you're afraid of being punished if you don't listen? The parallel for us today isn't a king, but a police officer, a mayor, or a governor. Think about driving on the highway and seeing a police car with its lights on in your rearview mirror. Your heart drops in fear of getting a ticket, and then you realize the officer is chasing someone else. That moment of relief can be a powerful trigger for self-reflection. This event is a mashal (parable or analogy) for our relationship with God. Why are we so concerned with the arbitrary rules of society—like a speed limit that can change from 35 mph to 25 mph—and so afraid of their consequences, yet we are not equally concerned with God's commandments? The fear of getting a ticket feels immediate and real, but the fear of God's punishment often feels distant. What's the difference? A human authority figure has limitations. They can't always see you and are often distracted. God, on the other hand, is constantly watching. He is never preoccupied or deterred. This realization should lead to a profound question: Why do I not have a similar fear of God? Lessons from Judgment and the High Holidays This is especially relevant as we approach the High Holidays. There is a story about a great rabbi who would visit a court during the month of Elul (leading up to the High Holidays). He would sit and watch people's fear as they were judged, observing how much time and effort they put into their cases. This, for him, was a living mashal for the coming Day of Judgment. Rabbeinu Yonah , in the second gate of his work Shaarei Teshuva , discusses the Aseret Yemei Teshuva (Ten Days of Repentance). He uses the example of a person in a real-life court case to inspire repentance. He writes that an intelligent person should feel a certain shame. Here we are, standing before God, whose decrees are everlasting and who is constantly overseeing our actions, yet we go through life without a fear of God or a fear of punishment, continuing to sin while He watches. The Supernatural Disconnect Rav Yitzchak of Petersburg , a student of Rabbi Yisrael Salanter , offered a profound insight: There is an almost supernatural trait in humans that prevents us from fearing God as we fear people. If we truly grasped that God is all-powerful, ever-present, and could punish us at any moment, our free will might disappear. We would be so terrified that we could never sin. God, in His mercy, created this "disconnect" that allows us to ignore this fear and maintain our freedom of choice. This is the deeper meaning behind the famous story of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai telling his students on his deathbed, "May you fear God as you fear a human." When they responded, "Is that all?" he replied, "Would that it were! Fearing a human is a great thing." We are able to be ashamed of our actions in front of others, but we struggle with the same shame before God. Arrogance and Inattentional Blindness So why do we lack this fear? A verse from Psalms (10:4) may provide an answer: "Due to his arrogance, the wicked one does not seek; all his thoughts are, 'There is no God.'" The verse uses the term " bal yidrosh " ("he does not seek"), which is particularly striking when we remember that the Ten Days of Repentance are called "Drashu Hashem Behimatzo" ("Seek God when He is to be found"). The wicked person's arrogance blocks them from seeking God. This is also supported by another verse: "Your heart will become arrogant, and you will forget." Arrogance causes us to forget God. This concept can be understood through "inattentional blindness," a psychological phenomenon where a person fails to notice a fully visible, unexpected object because their attention is focused on something else. We are so focused on our own affairs and our own ego that we fail to see God's presence in the world. Our arrogance creates an interference. It's not just inattention; it's an attentional blindness driven by our desire to see ourselves, not God. Like a clinician who is so hyper-focused on looking for one specific thing on an X-ray that they miss something else, we become so focused on our own lives that we don't see God unless we actively look for Him. Arrogance causes us to not want to see Him. That's why we fear the police officer but not God—our arrogance gets in the way. This leads to the crucial first step of Rosh Hashanah : humility . By humbling ourselves, we can remove the arrogance that blinds us. Only then can we begin to see God and truly turn back to Him.

Welcome to Our Elul Project: The Journey of the Soul Welcome to "Sha'ar Cheshbon HaNefesh," our 30-day Elul project. Today, we're on "cheshbon" number 25. This reflection is for those moments when we realize we're too fixated on this world, giving it more attention than the next one. This is a common human tendency, and as the text says, we have to actively work on strengthening our love for the world to come. How do we do this? By comparing the two. This world is short-lived, while the next is eternal. The Ba'alei Mussar (scholars of ethical teachings) offer a powerful "mashal" (parable) to help us grasp the concept of eternity. Imagine a stadium completely filled with sand. Once every 100 years, a single bird comes and removes just one grain. The time it would take for the entire stadium to be emptied is still not eternity. This helps us understand that forever is a concept our minds can't fully grasp. The Two Worlds: A Painful Conflict Chovot HaLevavot teaches that just as you can't have fire and water in the same pot; similarly, you can't have love for this world and the next world in your heart at the same time. While we all have earthly interests, the key is determining which is the dominant force. The text compares the two worlds to a man with two wives. The Hebrew word for a second wife, "tzarah," literally means "pain" because they're in a painful rivalry for their husband's attention. In this parable, we are the husband, and both worlds are vying for our focus. The Talmud reinforces this idea with a similar story. Two students were learning from their rabbi: one wanted to study Mussar (ethical teachings) and the other Gemara (Talmudic law). The rabbi couldn't satisfy both. He shared a parable about a man in his 40s with both black and white hair, who was married to a young wife and an old wife. The young wife would pluck out his white hairs to make him look younger, while the old wife would pluck out his black hairs to make him look older. In the end, he was left with no hair at all. This illustrates that we can't please both worlds; we must choose one as our primary focus. Caring for Both Body and Soul The text explains that we have both a body and a soul, and both require proper care. To strengthen the soul, we need Mussar (ethical teachings), wisdom, and self-control. To strengthen the body, we need food, drink, and proper health care. While we can't completely ignore either, one must be in charge. We should prioritize the soul, which is everlasting, over the short-lived body. A person who focuses too much on their body will ultimately weaken both their body and soul. We can draw some parallels between the two: Your body needs three meals a day, and your soul needs three prayers a day ( Shacharit, Mincha, and Ma'ariv ). Your body has physical health; your soul has spiritual health. Your body has 248 organs and 365 sinews, and your soul has 248 positive commandments and 365 negative commandments. Rabbi Wolbe used to say that he made a point to spread out his "meals" of prayer throughout the day, praying Shacharit in the morning, Mincha in the early afternoon, and Ma'ariv in the evening. This ensures that the soul receives consistent nourishment, just as the body does with regular meals. The Middle Path and Your Yearly Check-Up A verse from Kohelet cautions us against extremes: "Don't be overly righteous or overly wise, why destroy yourself? Don't be overly wicked or a fool, why die ahead of your time?" This means we must avoid either extreme, finding a balance where our main focus is the soul, but we also care for the body so it can be a healthy vessel for the soul. The text clarifies that "dying ahead of your time" doesn't mean a physical death, but rather the death of one's soul, which can be drowned in a sea of desire. The phrase "hold on to your destiny" means to stay connected to your spiritual purpose, but "do not detach yourself from this world." We need this world to reach the next one. As the saying goes, "This world is a vestibule to the world to come." We prepare ourselves in this world for the ultimate palace. Rabbi Miller taught that a key to greatness is to spend at least 60 seconds a day thinking about the world to come. This is especially relevant during the High Holidays. Our sages teach us that on Rosh Hashanah , the righteous are sealed for life, the wicked for death, and those in the middle have until Yom Kippur. Tosafot clarifies that this "life and death" doesn't refer to physical existence, but rather our spiritual life in the world to come. Every year, we are judged on the spiritual health of our souls, based on the Torah, mitzvot (commandments), and chesed (kindness) we've performed. The High Holidays are our "yearly spiritual physical." We use this time to get our spiritual lives in shape, just as we work out to improve our physical health. Through these "cheshbonot," or spiritual reckonings, we are performing a 30-point physical to ensure everything is in proper order, securing a more meaningful destiny in the world to come. What's one small step you can take today to focus more on your soul?

Heshbon 24: Re-enlightening Our Learning Welcome to the 24th lesson in our Heshbon HaNefesh (Accounting of the Soul) series. Today's lesson is a continuation of our previous one, but instead of focusing on the physical world, we turn our curious minds inward to the realm of Torah knowledge. This lesson is about re-examining the spiritual concepts we have known since childhood—the stories of the Torah , the words of our Sages, and the liturgy of our prayers. When we are young, we learn these things on a simple, foundational level. As we grow older, our intellectual capacity to understand them deepens, but a new challenge arises: complacency. We become so familiar with these concepts that we stop looking for more. Do you truly understand the stories of the Avot or Adam and Chava in their full depth? We must not be satisfied with the understanding we gained in our youth. Instead, we should approach the Torah and the words of the prophets as if we are reading them for the very first time. Probe the words, analyze the concepts, and seek out their deeper meanings. The Dangers of Arrogance and the Power of Humility The same is true for our prayers. Many of us say our daily prayers without a full understanding of the words. It is crucial to get a Hebrew-English Siddur (prayer book) and strive to understand what you are saying. Don't settle for the level of comprehension you had as a child. Chovot HaLevavot offers a critical piece of advice: "Do not let your arrogance seduce you" ( Al Tasi'acha HaGaavah ). Arrogance is the main obstacle to deeper understanding. It makes us think, "I know this story already; there's nothing new here." We are often too proud to admit that we have been looking at things superficially for years. It's difficult to acknowledge a gap in our knowledge and say, "Wow, I never heard that before. I didn't know that!" For example, a person might hear that Pinchas was not a Kohen when he killed Zimri and only became one afterward. The first reaction might be, "That can't be! No one ever told me that." It is hard to admit such ignorance. But this arrogance is the work of the Yetzer HaRa (Evil Inclination), which tries to prevent us from delving deeper, making us believe we are already full-fledged sages. The Wise Man and the Fool The Book of Proverbs says, "Do you see a person wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him." In contrast, "The wise man's eyes are in his head." What does this mean? It means the wise person constantly re-evaluates and strengthens his old ideas. A fool, on the other hand, is like a person traveling a long road in the dark who never looks back. The verse says, "The fool walks in darkness." King Solomon says, "I saw that wisdom is better than folly, as light is better than darkness." The fool walks in darkness, and the only way to turn the lights back on is by delving into the words of Torah , by analyzing them. This is why we pray every day, "Enlighten our eyes in Your Torah ." ( V'Ha'er Eineinu B'Toratecha ). This enlightenment doesn't happen by rote repetition. It happens by pushing ourselves to understand, by breaking away from our preconceived notions, and by allowing the light of Torah to truly illuminate our souls. This is our Heshbon .

Heshbon 23: The Curious Mind Welcome to the 23rd lesson in our special Elul series. Today's heshbon , or accounting, focuses on how we view the world, cultivating what we'll call a "curious mind" or a "learner's approach." This concept is rooted in Shaar HaBechinah , the "Gate of Probing." Bechinah means to examine, to test, to constantly feel and probe everything around you. It's about looking for and trying to understand the smallest creations as well as the largest—from inanimate objects to human beings, from the sun and moon to the wind and rain, from a newborn baby to all the wonders of nature. Each of these creations reveals God's perfect wisdom, His power, His supervision, and His profound mercy over all that exists. Overcoming Apathy: The Constant Miracle So why don't we do this? Chovot HaLevavot warns us not to be seduced by the familiar. We are so used to seeing these things that we lose our sense of awe. The "wow" effect is gone. We may be amazed by something we've never seen before, like a solar eclipse, but we fail to see the daily miracle of the sun and moon, the constant rain, or the regular wind. As the Chazon Ish once said, the only difference between a miracle and nature is that nature is a constant miracle. We don't get amazed by what is constant. We are excited by a strange animal at the zoo but not by the familiar trees on our street. We would be amazed if manna fell from the heavens today, but we are apathetic to the equally miraculous fact that wheat grows from the ground, providing us with bread. The only difference is that one we're used to, and one we're not. The problem is that we got used to these miracles when we were young, before our intellect was fully developed. As we've gotten older, our familiarity has led us to stop thinking, looking, and wondering. Seeing with New Eyes The goal is to look at the world as if you've never seen it before. Try this exercise: on Rosh Hashanah morning, open your eyes and look at the world like a Martian who has just landed. Look at a tree and ask: "What is this hard, wooden thing growing out of the soft dirt? How does it grow? How do the leaves come out of it?" We walk past trees every day, but by looking at them with a child's curiosity, we rediscover their wondrous nature. Chovot HaLevavot suggests that in a sense, we are all "blind" until we open our "mind's eye." The fool, he says, is like the blind person. When he begins to open his mind's eye, he becomes a seeing person. This is what happened when Adam and Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge. The verse says, "Their eyes were opened" ( Va'Tifkachena Einei Sh'neihem ). They were not physically blind beforehand; rather, they gained intellectual understanding. This idea of a "mind's eye" is also reflected in the Four Species of Sukkot. The three myrtle branches ( hadasim ) represent our eyes. We have two physical eyes, but a third one is for our mind—for our curiosity. This "third eye" also needs to be perfected. Lift Your Eyes to the Heavens Don't ignore this essential part of your soul. Do not continue on the same path you've been on until now. Start opening your eyes. A sage once said, "The heart of the wise has eyes," meaning they see what fools do not. The prophet Isaiah cries out, "Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told to you from the beginning?" He then implores us, "Lift up your eyes on high and see! Who created these?" ( S'u Marom Eineichem U'Reu Mi Bara Eileh ). God brings out the stars by number, calling each by name, "because of His great might and strong power." This is our job: to lift our eyes to the heavens and to all of creation. Interestingly, the first Hebrew letters of S'u Marom Eineichem spell Shema ( Shin , Mem , Ayin ). Before we say the Shema prayer, we are meant to appreciate the very things God created, as mentioned in the blessing of Yotzer HaMe'orot (Who creates the luminaries). It's all there for us to see. Our job is to be curious and to keep our youthful sense of wonder alive.

Uniting for a Shared Burden: An Elul Reflection on Human Interaction Welcome to our special Elul series, a journey through the principles of Shaar HaCheshbon HaNefesh (Gate of the Accounting of the Soul). In this 22nd lesson, we focus on how to approach our interactions with others, whether it's in business, community, or daily life. The core principle to embody is "Love your friend like yourself" ( V'ahavta L're'acha Kamocha ). This means you should desire for others what you desire for yourself, and feel aversion for them regarding what you would not want for yourself. Treat everyone with compassion and mercy, and strive to ensure their well-being. This concept, though applicable year-round, is especially crucial as we prepare for Rosh Hashanah, a time when we stand together as one unit to accept God as our King. The Parable of the Travelers Imagine a small group of people traveling to a distant country. The path is steep and difficult, requiring them to spend many nights camping together. Each person has a heavy load, and they must constantly load and unload their animals on their own. If they were to work together, helping one another with the burdens and easing the overall effort, they would surely succeed. But if they are incompatible, unable to agree on a shared plan, and each person only looks out for their own interests, they will all become exhausted. This is a parable for the world we live in today. He states, "The world bears down on its inhabitants" ( Kaved HaOlam Al Yoshvav ). Why is so much effort required? Because everyone focuses on their own portion, wanting more than their due. When people demand what is not theirs, they end up losing even what is rightfully theirs. Think of it like traffic gridlock. If every driver only cared about themselves, trying to squeeze ahead and run a red light, the entire flow of traffic would stop. Nobody would get to their destination smoothly. This is a metaphor for life. Life is a constant gridlock because people lack patience and concern for others. This is why we are so often dissatisfied and complain—we demand too much from the world, and in turn, the world withholds even our essential needs, forcing us to overexert ourselves. The Benefits of a Collective Mindset If people were satisfied with what they have and worked to improve their own well-being alongside everyone else's, they would "conquer their world" ( Hayu Menatzchim Olamam ) and "get even more than they want out of it" ( U'Magi'im El Yoter MiChaftzam Bo ). Instead, not only do people fail to help one another, they often hinder each other, diluting everyone's abilities and preventing anyone from getting what they truly need. This is further illustrated by a parable found in the Siddur HaGra (Prayer Book of the Vilna Gaon): Imagine a town that catches fire. In those days, everyone would run with pails of water to put out the blaze. But what did those who lacked concern for the common good do? They would pour their water directly on their own storefronts. This might stop the fire from spreading to their property, but the fire would still rage and burn down many other buildings. If everyone had gone with their pails to the source of the fire and worked together, the fire would have been extinguished entirely. This is the lesson for Rosh Hashanah and for every day of the year. We must be concerned with God's kingdom, the success of the Jewish people as a whole, and our collective service to God. If we stop looking at our own "storefronts" and instead unite our prayers and energy at the source of the fire—the spiritual "fire" of the world's brokenness—then redemption will come. The Power of Empathy and Good Counsel Therefore, strive to live your life in a way that reflects this mindset. Seek out loyal friends and interact with them in an honest and wholehearted manner. The Book of Proverbs states, "Oil and incense gladden the heart; so does the sweetness of a friend's heartfelt counsel." ( Shemen U'Ktoret Yesamach Lev, U'Metek Rei'ehu Mei'Atzat Nafesh ). Giving someone good counsel is more valuable than any physical gift or comfort. Focus on the betterment of your family, your community, and the world at large. This may seem like an act of selflessness, but as explained, in the end, it is truly an act of enlightened self-interest , because a world that is whole and harmonious benefits everyone.

Elul Introspection: Breaking Through Spiritual Plateaus Welcome to our special Elul series on C hovot HaLevavot**. In this 21st introspection, we'll explore how to overcome spiritual dead ends—those moments when you feel you can't grow or develop beyond your current level. The path to spiritual growth isn't always a smooth upward climb. Sometimes we hit a plateau, a point where our current efforts seem to yield no further progress. The key is to not give up. Here's a powerful framework for breaking through these barriers. The Power of Sincere Desire and Prayer First, you must sincerely desire to grow. As the author explains, the first step is to "yiksof lo bilvav" —to desire in your heart. Let the next step in your spiritual journey be on your "wish list," constantly on your mind. Next, and most importantly, ask God for help . Pray for the ability to understand and to act. When you consistently ask God for assistance, He will eventually fulfill your needs. He will "open up the gates of understanding" and strengthen you to do what was previously beyond your capacity. This concept is rooted in the verse from Isaiah 48:17 : "I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your benefit, who leads you on the path you should take." This verse is the source for the famous statement in the Talmud: "On the path a person wants to go, they are led." If you take the initial step, God will guide you, revealing shortcuts and insights you never knew existed. Incremental Effort, Divine Assistance This principle applies not just to spiritual growth but to all areas of life, from crafts to academic study. A teacher of geometry, for example, starts with practical problems before moving to theory. As the student masters the basics and continues to strive, God reveals the deeper theoretical principles to them. This idea is highlighted by the Gemara in Bava Batra 12b which says, "A wise man is greater than a prophet." The author applies this to all wisdom, explaining that there's a level of "prophecy" in every discipline. When you push your abilities to the maximum, God grants you a deeper, intuitive understanding beyond what you learned. This is the essence of our entire spiritual service. The Chovot HaEivarim (external commandments) are meant to awaken the Chovot HaLevavot (internal commandments). Our physical actions have the power to arouse our hearts. The verse in Devarim 30:14 says, "For the matter is very close to you, in your mouth and in your heart, to do it." This means that by doing God's will with our bodies, we will eventually be able to do it with our hearts. Since our natural human desires often create obstacles, it is through our dedicated physical efforts that God opens the gates to spiritual enlightenment. The author uses the analogy of a person planting trees. The farmer's job is to prepare the soil, water the saplings, and fertilize them. He does all he can and then relies on God to bring the fruit. You cannot neglect your responsibilities and expect a miracle. Similarly, in Avodat Hashem (service of God), if you make an earnest effort, God will grant you abilities far beyond your natural capacity. The Ladder of Spiritual Growth This concept also sheds light on the Mishnah in Pirkei Avot 4:9 : "One who fulfills the Torah in poverty will ultimately fulfill it in wealth." While this can mean a person who serves God with limited money will eventually be blessed with wealth, the author offers a deeper interpretation: One who starts with a "poverty of abilities" but makes a sincere effort, will ultimately be given a "wealth of abilities" by God. This is the entire premise of the Mesilat Yesharim's spiritual ladder, which progresses from Torah to Zehirot (diligence), to Zerizut (alacrity), and so on, ultimately reaching the level of prophecy. Each step is a prerequisite for the next, with God providing the help needed to ascend. The key takeaway is clear: God gives us help when we maximize our own abilities. If we ignore what we can do, we cannot expect divine assistance. As Rabbeinu Yonah writes in the beginning of Sha'arei Teshuvah , a person's effort leads to God giving them abilities beyond their natural ones. This is akin to God "circumcising your heart," removing the spiritual impediments that are too difficult for us to remove on our own—but only after we have done everything we can.