Don't Panic Geocast

This week, we chat about our GEARS workshop that recently wrapped up, how it has evolved, and how it went! GEARS Workshop (https://leemangeophysicalllc.github.io/GEARS/2025/2025_summer_home.html) Fun Paper Friday Hejnol, Andreas, and Mark Q. Martindale. "The mouth, the anus, and the blastopore—open questions about questionable openings." Animal Evolution: Genomes, Fossils, and Trees (2009): 33-40. (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andreas-Hejnol/publication/230766195_The_mouth_the_anus_and_the_blastopore_-_open_questions_about_questionable_openings/links/09e415040d58e94fcc000000/The-mouth-the-anus-and-the-blastopore-open-questions-about-questionable-openings.pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week we are back and discussing the recent large earthquake in Russia! Fun Paper Friday Is that viral video of a fault rupture form a security camera real? This paper checks it out. Kearse, Jesse, and Yoshihiro Kaneko. "Curved Fault Slip Captured by CCTV Video During the 2025 M w 7.7 Myanmar Earthquake." The Seismic Record 5.3 (2025): 281-288. (https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/tsr/article/5/3/281/659624/Curved-Fault-Slip-Captured-by-CCTV-Video-During) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

We're hitting the open road — geologically speaking. This episode kicks off our new state-by-state series covering the most fascinating, scenic, or just plain weird geologic stops in the U.S. We’re going alphabetically (because of course we are), starting with Alabama, Alaska, and Arkansas. Some sites we've visited, others are firmly on our dream list, but every pick is guaranteed to bring a bit of science to your next adventure. Alabama Cheaha Mountain Cathedral Caverns Alaska Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Mendenhall Glacier Arkansas Crater of Diamonds State Park Blanchard Springs Caverns Fun Paper Friday Frost, Mungo, et al. "Diamond precipitation dynamics from hydrocarbons at icy planet interior conditions." Nature astronomy 8.2 (2024): 174-181. (https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2324804) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

What makes a mineral a favorite? In this fun and down-to-earth episode, John and Shannon swap stories about the minerals they love most — and why. Along the way, they unpack cool crystal habits, formation environments, fieldwork memories, and the aesthetic appeal of minerals from museum specimens to muddy boots. Shannon shares her appreciation for: Hematite – With its metallic luster and planetary significance. Goethite – A subtle but important iron oxide-hydroxide. Smithsonite – Beautiful colors and a fascinating history in ore geology. John counters with: Ulexite – “TV rock,” with fiber-optic properties that never fail to wow. Uraninite – A dense, radioactive reminder of geologic power and energy. Tourmaline – A colorful, complex favorite of mineral collectors and scientists alike. Fun Paper Friday James, C. W., et al. "A nanosecond-duration radio pulse originating from the defunct Relay 2 satellite." The Astrophysical Journal Letters 987.1 (2025): L16. (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ade3d3/pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

We're back from summer break - Shannon taught field camp, John travelled for work and got hailed on, and more! John’s Hail Storm (https://youtube.com/shorts/aLb-P7HFL-Y) Fun Paper Friday How does modern AI stack up against a cognition test designed for humans? Dayan, Roy, Benjamin Uliel, and Gal Koplewitz. "Age against the machine—susceptibility of large language models to cognitive impairment: cross sectional analysis." bmj 387 (2024). (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/387/bmj-2024-081948.full.pdf?ref=labnotes.org) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week we talk about how we power our instruments in the field and all of the weird and wonderful ways they fail. Including getting turned into charcoal by lightning! Fun Paper Friday Why does ketchup splatter? Find out! Arstechnica Article (https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/the-physics-of-keeping-those-last-bits-of-ketchup-from-splattering/) Cuttle, Callum, and Christopher W. MacMinn. "Dynamics of compression-driven gas-liquid displacement in a capillary tube." Physical Review Letters 130.11 (2023): 114001. (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.12898) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week we talk hail, Vesuvius, volcanic bombs, and vitrified brains. Scandone, Roberto, Lisetta Giacomelli, and Mauro Rosi. "Death, Survival and Damage during the 79 AD Eruption of Vesuvius which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum." J. Res. Didact. Geogr 2 (2019): 5-30. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337768981_Death_Survival_and_Damage_during_the_79_AD_Eruption_of_Vesuvius_which_destroyed_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum) Fun Paper Friday An amazing new finding shows that brains were vitrified or turned to glass during the nearly 2000 year old eruption of Vesuvius. Giordano, Guido, et al. "Unique formation of organic glass from a human brain in the Vesuvius eruption of 79 CE." Scientific Reports 15.1 (2025): 5955. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-88894-5.pdf) Mt Vesuvius (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius) Plinian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plinian_eruption) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Shannon's class took a trip to study catestrophic sedimentation... and they found it! John switched back to a Mac after 5 years. Join us for these and other exciting updates! Fun Paper Friday Find out how alcohol and an eye puffer machine cominbed with magnets can teach us about where our motor skills reside in the brain. Johansson, Fredrik, et al. "Alcohol impairs learning and timing of conditioned eyeblink responses." Brain Research 1854 (2025): 149545. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899325001039) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Turner Falls, Oklahoma A rare waterfall that grows outward due to travertine deposition instead of eroding backward. Formed by spring-fed Honey Creek flowing through Ordovician limestone, creating massive travertine deposits. Pe'ePe'e Falls, Hawai'i (Big Island) ~80 ft falls in downtown Hilo, part of the Wailuku River flowing between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Carved into 10,000-year-old lava flows with subsequent flows creating the Boiling Pots — vertical and horizontal lava tubes. Extremely dangerous, especially after storms — known as the deadliest water in Hawai'i. Cataratas do Iguaçu, Brazil/Argentina Largest waterfall system in the world, spanning the Argentina-Brazil border. Name means "Big Water" in Guarani. Upstream from the Itaipu Dam, which generates most of Paraguay’s electricity. Itaipu — the 3rd largest hydroelectric plant globally and 2nd in power output. Bonus Waterfalls Mentioned: Cascata delle Marmore, Italy – Ancient Roman-engineered waterfall. Natural Falls - West Siloam Springs, OK Devil’s Kettle, Minnesota – Mysterious waterfall where water seems to disappear underground. Fun Paper Friday What can spacecraft learn from cats? Zhang, Li, et al. "Analysis of Cushioned Landing Strategies of Cats Based on Posture Estimation." Biomimetics 9.11 (2024): 691. (https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/11/691) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week we talk about snow forecasting as the winter season starts to wrap up and try to figure out if you're really happier in the morning or not! Fun Paper Friday https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301418 (https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301418) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Ever wondered how geologists figure out when a landslide happened? Or how ancient river terraces and glacial deposits get dated? This week, we dive into the detective work behind dating geomorphic features! 🌍🔬 From tree rings to cosmic rays, we explore the fascinating methods geologists use to reconstruct Earth’s history and assess natural hazards. Why Dating Landslides and Other Features is Hard Landslides can reactivate multiple times, fluvial deposits get reworked, and glacial features have complex histories. What are we really dating—the event, the material, or the last exposure? Dating Techniques in Geology Dendrochronology 🌲 – Tree rings reveal landslides, floods, and debris flows. Radiocarbon Dating 💀 – Organic material like charcoal and buried soil horizons provide time markers. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) 🌞 – Measures when quartz grains were last exposed to sunlight. Cosmogenic Nuclide Dating ☄️ – Tracks surface exposure using cosmic rays. Other Methods – Lichen growth, volcanic ash layers, and earthquake trenching. Fun Paper Friday Ever wondered if your favorite neon-orange snack has hidden superpowers? This study explores how strongly absorbing molecules, like those found in food dyes, can reduce light scattering in biological tissues—making them temporarily more transparent! Researchers applied tartrazine (a common food coloring) to live mice and were able to see internal structures like blood vessels without invasive procedures. The discovery could improve biomedical imaging, but we’re mostly just fascinated that Dorito dust might have unexpected side effects! Ou, Zihao, et al. "Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules." Science 385.6713 (2024): eadm6869. (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adm6869) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

We just wrapped up our first-ever on-site GEARS Workshop at UTEP and it was a massive success! 🎉 Tune in as we break down the highlights, what we learned, and how this hands-on geoscience training is evolving for the future. Fun Paper Friday Can paranormal lights actually be tied to earthquakes? Hough, Susan E. "Haunted Summerville: Ghostly Lights or Earthquake Lights?." (https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/srl/article-pdf/doi/10.1785/0220240442/7096603/srl-2024442.1.pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week, it's time for our 2025 resolutions show, where we see how we can improve this year and discuss everything that's changed in the past year! Fun Paper Friday We are all overloaded with surveys and requests, but can a chocolate bar increase the response rates? Jamtvedt, Gro, et al. "Chocolate bar as an incentive did not increase response rate among physiotherapists: a randomised controlled trial." BMC research notes 1 (2008): 1-4. (https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1756-0500-1-34.pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week we wrap up our finding faults show started oh so long ago! Learn how to identify faults in the field and then relax with a coffee with a physicist! A perfectly spherical coffee on a frictionless plane that is! Fun Paper Friday Bossart, Aleksi, Romain Fleury, and Benjamin Apffel. "Science of a coffee cup: a physicist walks into a bar..." arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.01180 (2025). (https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01180) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

This week, we’re thrilled to welcome Joshua Pearce to the show! We dive into the world of open-source hardware for academic labs, the challenges and rewards of open-sourcing projects, and the exciting opportunities it creates for researchers and the general public alike. Tune in for a fascinating discussion about innovation, making, and the future of accessible technology! Joshua Pearce Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs (https://www.amazon.com/Open-Source-Lab-Hardware-Reduce-Research/dp/0124104622/ref=sr_1_1?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.JwAJrlGwioQPA0D5ruClU9k9lyObgMufTT3OhHAlXdxygjcm-9hUbwveS0AvoP9TyE7kb5fJsbaGkaKzUFQKe_P6X1L_NzIV8oz-E8o2yt36Hkxi-uFu4G_xKsAatNAwYXsqEmBYQLPM45HSb6UssCHQYU1MEYMtuhn0NIQY908DVjBEH6ntOR6-ULZUnuexFab-1Db9iVsieW6Z5gvpGgVHK69ouuAnmdQXV6sKPqw.5OEQxeWNAzzbD1dOshHux_IxuXuIUtbgmUVm7GL27w4&dib_tag=se&keywords=joshua+pearce&qid=1735504434&sr=8-1) Create, Share, and Save Money Using Open-Source Projects (https://www.amazon.com/Create-Share-Money-Open-Source-Projects-ebook/dp/B08KSMWWVB/ref=sr_1_5?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.JwAJrlGwioQPA0D5ruClU9k9lyObgMufTT3OhHAlXdxygjcm-9hUbwveS0AvoP9TyE7kb5fJsbaGkaKzUFQKe4Z0c41IuuPWrBJUS39EF6FWLURFgz34JNGZDl1E2tV_YXsqEmBYQLPM45HSb6UssCHQYU1MEYMtuhn0NIQY908DVjBEH6ntOR6-ULZUnuexFab-1Db9iVsieW6Z5gvpGgVHK69ouuAnmdQXV6sKPqw.Tf26QOOVbxDOd3wIWunHGndQu2keLXQlnLA76LlOn-k&dib_tag=se&keywords=joshua+pearce&qid=1735504446&sr=8-5) To Catch the Sun: Inspiring stories of communities coming together to harness their own solar energy, and how you can do it too! (https://tocatchthesun.com/) Feeding Everyone No Matter What: Managing Food Security After Global Catastrophe (https://www.amazon.com/Feeding-Everyone-Matter-What-Catastrophe-ebook/dp/B00Q2N073O/ref=sr_1_2?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.JwAJrlGwioQPA0D5ruClU9k9lyObgMufTT3OhHAlXdxygjcm-9hUbwveS0AvoP9TyE7kb5fJsbaGkaKzUFQKe4Z0c41IuuPWrBJUS39EF6FWLURFgz34JNGZDl1E2tV_YXsqEmBYQLPM45HSb6UssCHQYU1MEYMtuhn0NIQY908DVjBEH6ntOR6-ULZUnuexFab-1Db9iVsieW6Z5gvpGgVHK69ouuAnmdQXV6sKPqw.Tf26QOOVbxDOd3wIWunHGndQu2keLXQlnLA76LlOn-k&dib_tag=se&keywords=joshua+pearce&qid=1735504446&sr=8-2) @ProfPearce (https://x.com/ProfPearce) Fun Paper Friday This Study Was Hailed as a Win for Science Reform. Now It’s Being Retracted. (https://www.chronicle.com/article/this-study-was-hailed-as-a-win-for-science-reform-now-its-being-retracted) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Shannon went to AGU and we're updated on the meeting and what cool new science things she saw! Fun Paper Friday He, Yu, et al. "Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth’s inner core." Nature 602.7896 (2022): 258-262. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04361-x) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Faults are fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred, creating features that are critical to understanding geological processes. In this episode, we explore how to recognize fault zones in the field, examine their widths at different depths, and analyze the breakage patterns and deformation features that define them. Definition of faults and why they matter in geological studies: USGS - Earthquake Glossary (https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=fault) Importance of identifying faults for earthquake research and infrastructure planning: Seismic Hazard and Risk - IRIS (https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/seismichazards) Indicators such as fault scarps, offset layers, and linear valleys: Geology.com - Recognizing Faults (https://geology.com/articles/faults/) Explanation of slickensides and fault breccia: Fault Surface Features - ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/fault-scarps) How vegetation and water accumulation signal fault traces: Hydrology and Fault Zones - Nature (https://www.nature.com/articles/hydrology-faults) Observing stratigraphic offsets and deformation in rock layers: Structural Geology Basics - USGS (https://pubs.usgs.gov/structuralgeology) Characteristics of shattered rock zones and mylonites: Mylonites in Fault Zones - Geological Society (https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/mylonites-fault-zones) Narrow zones in brittle rocks vs. wider zones in thrust faults: Fault Zone Width Variability - ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/faultzonewidth) Examples of strike-slip vs. thrust faults: Geological Features of Faults - Springer (https://link.springer.com/strike-slip-thrust) Discussion of fault core and damage zone broadening: Deep Fault Zones - ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/fault-core) How depth impacts fault geometry: Fault Depth Behavior - Wiley Online (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/fault-depth-study) Fault breccia and gouge as indicators of brittle behavior: Fault Breccia Properties - GeoscienceWorld (https://www.geoscienceworld.org/breccia-properties) Hazards like landslides and slope instability: Fault Zone Hazards - USGS (https://www.usgs.gov/fault-zone-hazards) Fun Paper Friday Are those Christmas puddings good for you? Wallach, Joshua D., et al. "Association of health benefits and harms of Christmas dessert ingredients in recipes from The Great British Bake Off: umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies." bmj 383 (2023). (https://www.bmj.com/content/383/bmj-2023-077166) ## Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Lithium, often called "white gold," is a critical resource powering modern technologies like electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage, and more. This week, we explore lithium's geological formation, mining, processing, and its growing importance in the energy revolution. We also dive into exciting developments in Arkansas, which could make the U.S. a major player in domestic lithium production. Learn More: Pegmatite Geology - USGS (https://pubs.usgs.gov/pegmatite-geology) Lithium in Clays - Nature (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25989-0) Lithium Triangle Overview - Mining Technology (https://www.mining-technology.com/features/lithium-triangle/) Hard Rock Lithium Mining - Geology.com (https://geology.com/articles/lithium/) Lithium Extraction from Pegmatites - Minerals Education Coalition (https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/mining-techniques/) Brine Extraction Methods - International Energy Agency (https://www.iea.org/reports/lithium-in-mining) Clay-Based Lithium Extraction - ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/clay-lithium) Lithium in Batteries - Energy Storage Journal (https://www.energystoragejournal.com/lithium-ion-batteries/) Environmental Impacts of Lithium Mining - Earthworks (https://earthworks.org/issues/lithium-mining/) Arkansas Lithium Resources - USGS (https://www.usgs.gov/smackover-lithium) Direct Lithium Extraction Explained - Mining Journal (https://www.mining-journal.com/direct-lithium-extraction) Arkansas Mining Projects - Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/arkansas-lithium-project) Fun Paper Friday Can geomagnetic storms change flight characteristics and drag on satellites? This week we find out. Parker, William E., and Richard Linares. "Satellite Drag Analysis During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm." arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.08617 (2024). (https://arxiv.org/html/2406.08617v1) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Gold has been a symbol of wealth, beauty, and power for millennia, but its importance extends far beyond jewelry and currency. From its formation deep in the Earth’s crust to its critical uses in electronics, medicine, and aerospace, this episode explores the fascinating journey of gold and why it continues to captivate us today. Learn More: Gold - Royal Society of Chemistry (https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/79/gold) Gold's Physical and Chemical Properties - Geology.com (https://geology.com/minerals/gold.shtml): Gold Formation - USGS (https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/17/) Orogenic Gold Deposits - Earth Science Reviews (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825217303743) Gold Mining Methods - World Gold Council (https://www.gold.org/about-gold/gold-supply/gold-mining) Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASM) - UNEP (https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/chemicals-waste/what-we-do/mercury/artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-asgm) Applications of Gold - Royal Society of Chemistry (https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/79/gold#applications) Gold in Medicine - The Lancet (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61335-2/fulltext) Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining - Earthworks (https://earthworks.org/issues/gold-mining/) Fun Paper Friday Can pee be used to 3D print homes on the moon? Pilehvar, Shima, et al. "Utilization of urea as an accessible superplasticizer on the moon for lunar geopolymer mixtures." Journal of Cleaner Production 247 (2020): 119177. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619340478) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Ever wondered how silver journeys from ancient rock formations to the tech in your pocket? In this episode of Don't Panic Geocast, we dig deep into the fascinating world of silver—the metal that's shaped economies, inspired legends, and powers modern technology. From its formation in Earth’s crust to the precise science of extraction and refining, we’ll explore how silver’s unique properties make it indispensable in everything from solar panels to medical tools. Tune in to learn why this shiny element is more valuable—and more complicated—than you might think! Hydrothermal Ore Deposits - Earth Science Reviews (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrothermal-ore-deposit) Geology of Silver - US Geological Survey (https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1802/p/pp1802p.pdf) Sedimentary Ore Deposits - Journal of Geology (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/628614) Mining Methods - Open Pit and Underground - Minerals Education Coalition (https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/mining-techniques/) Underground Mining Techniques and Risks - World Coal Association (https://www.worldcoal.org/what-mining) Froth Flotation Process - Journal of Chemical Engineering (https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-chemical-engineering) The Leaching Process in Silver Extraction - Environmental Chemistry (https://www.environmentalchemistry.com) Merrill-Crowe Process for Silver Recovery - Mining Engineering (https://www.miningeng.com/merrill-crowe-process) Electrowinning Process in Silver Extraction - Metallurgy and Mining Review (https://www.metallurgymining.com) Smelting and Refining of Silver - International Smelting Association (https://www.isa.com/silver-smelting) Electrolytic Refining of Silver - American Journal of Chemistry (https://www.ajchem.com/silver-refining) Conductivity of Silver in Electronics - IEEE Transactions on Electrical Engineering (https://www.ieee.org/electronics-conductivity) Silver in Solar Panels - Solar Energy Journal (https://www.solarenergy.org/silver-panels) Medical Applications of Silver - The Lancet (https://www.thelancet.com/silver-medicine) History of Silver in Currency - Economic History Journal (https://www.ehjournal.com/silver-currency) The Role of Silver in Photography - Journal of Photographic Science (https://www.photographicjournals.com) Economic Significance of Silver - World Silver Survey (https://www.silverinstitute.org/silver-survey) Environmental Impacts of Silver Mining - Environmental Science & Technology (https://www.estjournal.com/silver-mining-impacts) Supply and Demand of Silver - International Silver Council (https://www.silvercouncil.org/supply-demand) Antimicrobial Properties of Silver - Journal of Applied Microbiology Fun Paper Friday Can seeing a bad (dad) joke actually make you funnier? This week’s Fun Paper Friday dives into the surprising effects of both funny and unfunny examples on our ability to create humor. It turns out that even groan-worthy jokes can fuel creativity—though they might make you work harder for the punchline! Shin, Hyelim, et al. "Creative fixation is no laughing matter: The effects of funny and unfunny examples on humor production." The Journal of Creative Behavior 54.2 (2020): 487-494. (https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/345087091.pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) dontpanicgeocast@gmail.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)