Flow

In this episode I identify the factors that led to the great civil war in Mexico and how that war changed Mexico in the decades that followed it. References Cabrera, Luis. 1917. “The Mexican Revolution: Its Causes, Purposes and Results.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 69 (January): 1-17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3804613. “Mexican Revolution | Causes, Summary, & Facts.” 2023. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Mexican-Revolution. Rowe, L. S. 1912. “The Mexican Revolution: Its Causes and Consequences.” Political Science Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June): 281-297. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2141244. Weston Jr., Charles W. 1983. “The Political Legacy of Lázaro Cárdenas.” The Americas 39, no. 3 (Jan): 23. https://doi.org/10.2307/981231.

In this session, I break down the events that preceded and led to the Texas Revolution. I also answer the question posted in the title. References Scheina, Robert L. 2003. Latin America's wars: The age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899. N.p.: Brassey's, Incorporated.

In this episode I reveal how both White supremacists and decolonizing Latinos use the Black Legend narrative to justify their animosity towards Hispanic culture. References Giraudo, Laura, and Stephen E. Lewis. 2012. “Introduction: Pan-American Indigenismo (1940-1970): New Approaches to an Ongoing Debate.” Latin American Perspectives 39, no. 5 (September): 3-11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41702280 Jackson, Robert H., ed. 1997. Liberals, the Church, and Indian Peasants: Corporate Lands and the Challenge of Reform in Nineteenth-century Spanish America. N.p.: University of New Mexico Press. Peck, Douglas T. 2001. “Revival of the Spanish "Black Legend": The American Repudiation of Their Spanish Heritage.” Revista de Historia de América, no. 28 (Jan-Jun), 25-39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20140059 Zinn, Howard. 2003. A People's History of the United States: 1492-present. N.p.: Pearson Longman.

In this episode I cover the first criollo attempt to become independent from the Spanish crown which took place centuries before Mexican independence. References “Cortés, Martín (1533–1589).” n.d. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed April 1, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cortes-martin-1533-1589. Simpson, Lesley B. 1966. Many Mexicos. N.p.: University of California Press. Flint, Shirley Cushing. “Treason or Travesty: The Martín Cortés Conspiracy Reexamined.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 39, no. 1 (2008): 23–44. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20478750.

In this episode I cover the aftermath of the Spanish conquests of America and more specifically, the consequences the conquistadors faced after partaking in them. References 2019. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado - Facts, Routes & Wife - HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/francisco-vazquez-de-coronado. Ballesteros, Manuel. n.d. “Francisco Pizarro | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed February 27, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-Pizarro. “The Basque Juan de Garay: colonizer and conqueror, the search for the city of the Caesars and his tragic death.” 2022. Infobae. https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/21/the-basque-juan-de-garay-colonizer-and-conqueror-the-search-for-the-city-of-the-caesars-and-his-tragic-death/. Chasteen, John C. 2016. Born in Blood & Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. N.p.: W.W. Norton. Flint, Valerie I. n.d. “Christopher Columbus | Biography, Nationality, Voyages, Ships, Route, & Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed February 26, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus. “Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada | Spanish conquistador | Britannica.” 2023. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gonzalo-Jimenez-de-Quesada. “Guzmán, Nuño Beltrán de (c. 1485–1558).” n.d. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed February 26, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/guzman-nuno-beltran-de-c-1485-1558. Innes, Hammond. 2023. “Hernan Cortes | Expeditions, Biography, & Facts | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hernan-Cortes. “Juan Díaz de Solís | Spanish explorer | Britannica.” 2023. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Juan-Diaz-de-Solis. Mann, Charles C. 2012. 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. N.p.: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. “Olid, Cristóbal De (1488–1524).” n.d. Encyclopedia.com. Accessed February 26, 2023. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/olid-cristobal-de-1488-1524. “Pedro de Alvarado | Biography & Facts | Britannica.” 2023. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pedro-de-Alvarado. Todorov, Tzvetan. 1999. The conquest of America : the question of the other. Edited by Richard Howard. Translated by Richard Howard. N.p.: University of Oklahoma Press.

In this video I go over my 23andMe DNA results , give historical context to those results ,and share my genealogy to give the viewer a better understanding of why I identify how I do.  #23andme #ancestrydna #genealogyresearch #chicano https://www.23andme.com/

In the video I speak the seldomly covered Asian Pacific slave trade and how that affected Latin America & the Philippines. #chicano #philippines #native #history #latino     References  Rodriguez, Juan E., Alexander G. Ioannidis, Santiago G. Medina-Muñoz, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, Javier Blanco-Portillo, Consuelo D. Quinto-Cortes, and Andres Moreno-Estrada. 2022. “The genetic legacy of the Manila galleon trade in Mexico.” The Royal Society Publishing 377, no. 1852 (June).   Seijas, Tatiana. 2014. Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians. N.p.: Cambridge University Press.

In this video I examine the validity of the sources that highlight human sacrifice in Mesoamerica, and more specifically, Mexihcah culture. #history #native #chicano #aztec    References  Anawalt, Patricia R. 1982. “Understanding Aztec Human Sacrifice.” Archeology 35, no. 5 (September): 8. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41727796.   Jarus, Owen. 2017. “25 cultures that practiced human sacrifice.” Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/59514-cultures-that-practiced-human-sacrifice.html.

In this video I define Aztlan, speak on its origins and expand on what it symbolizes today.  #chicano #aztlan #history #mythology #native     References  Bitto, Robert. 2021. “Aztlán Found? Mexcaltitlán – Mexico Unexplained.” Mexico Unexplained. https://mexicounexplained.com/aztlan-found-mexcaltitlan/.   Grandjeat, Charles Y. 1990. “NATIONALISM, HISTORY AND MYTH: THE MASKS OF AZTLÁN.” Confluencia 6, no. 1 (Fall): 19-28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27921957.   Maestri, Nicoletta. 2019. “Aztlan, The Mythical Homeland of the Aztec-Mexica.” ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/aztlan-the-mythical-homeland-169913.

In this video I dive into the history of American involvement in Latin American politics and its effect on immigration to the U.S. #usa #uspolitics #latinamerica #history    References  Ali, Malik. n.d. “Intervention in Nicaragua.” Teaching American History. Accessed September 11, 2022. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/intervention-in-nicaragua/.   Bensaid, Adam. 2019. “The secret history of US interventions in Latin America.” TRT World. https://www.trtworld.com/americas/the-secret-history-of-us-interventions-in-latin-america-23586.   Campbell, Duncan. 2003. “Kissinger approved Argentinian 'dirty war' | World news.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/dec/06/argentina.usa.   Doyle, Kate, and Carlos Osorio. n.d. “U.S. POLICY IN GUATEMALA, 1966-1996.” The National Security Archive. Accessed September 11, 2022. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB11/docs/.   Feierstein, Daniel, Marcia Esparza, and Henry R. Huttenbach, eds. 2010. State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: The Cold War Years. N.p.: Routledge.   “Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973) | American Experience | Official Site.” n.d. PBS. Accessed September 11, 2022. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/castro-fulgencio-batista-1901-1973/.   Gonzalez, Juan. 2011. Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America. N.p.: Penguin Publishing Group.   Iber, Patrick J. 2013. ““Who Will Impose Democracy?”: Sacha Volman and the Contradictions of CIA Support for the Anticommunist Left in Latin America.” Diplomatic History 37, no. 5 (April): 995-1028. https://academic.oup.com/dh/article-abstract/37/5/995/357705?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false.   Osorio, Carlos. 2013. “OPERATION CONDOR ON TRIAL: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ON LATIN AMERICAN RENDITION AND ASSASSINATION PROGRAM OPEN IN BUENOS AIRES.” The National Security Archive. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB416/.   Skidmore, Thomas E. 1989. The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-1985. N.p.: Oxford University Press.   Tienda, Mara, and Susana Sanchez. 2013. “Latin American Immigration to the United States.” National Library Medicine 142, no. 3 (July): 48-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4638184/

In this episode I demonstrate how natives navigated life in the Republicas de Indios (Indian Republics) of New Spain. #colonialhistory #indigenous #chicano    References  Borah, Woodrow. 2018. Justice by Insurance: The General Indian Court of Colonial Mexico and the Legal Aides of the Half-Real. N.p.: University of California Press.   Jiménez Gómez, Juan R. 2008. La república de indios en Querétaro, 1550-1820: gobierno, elecciones y bienes de comunidad. N.p.: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.   Masters, Adrian. 2021. “THE TWO, THE ONE, THE MANY, THE NONE: Rethinking the Republics of Spaniards and Indians in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Indies.” The Americas 78, no. 1 (January): 3-36.  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/americas/article/two-the-one-the-many-the-none-rethinking-the-republics-of-spaniards-and-indians-in-the-sixteenthcentury-spanish-indies/834427C28A38B1F5A679DAB669501F5E  Zurita, Alonso d. 1994. Life and Labor in Ancient Mexico: The Brief and Summary Relation of the Lords of New Spain. Translated by Benjamin Keen. N.p.: University of Oklahoma Press.

In this episode I cover the rise and fall of the Federal Republic of Central America.     References Scheina, Robert L. 2003. Latin America's wars: The age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899. N.p.: Brassey's, Incorporated.

In this episode I dive into the reasons why many Latinos/Hispanics are not aware of their native and Black ancestry.     References  Bennett, Herman L. 2010. Colonial Blackness: A History of Afro-Mexico. N.p.: Indiana University Press.   Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. 2020. The Conquest of New Spain. Translated by John M. Cohen. N.p.: Martino Fine Books.   Greenleaf, Richard E. 1965. “The Inquisition and the Indians of New Spain: A Study in Jurisdictional Confusion.” The Americas 22, no. 2 (October): 138-166. https://www.jstor.org/stable/979238.   Lokken, Paul. 2001. “Marriage as Slave Emancipation in Seventeenth-Century Rural Guatemala.” The Americas 58, no. 2 (October): 175-200. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1007964.   Martinez, Maria E. 2004. “The Black Blood of New Spain: Limpieza de Sangre, Racial Violence, and Gendered Power in Early Colonial Mexico.” The William and Mary Quarterly 61, no. 3 (July): 479-520. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3491806.   Yeagar, Timothy J. 1995. “Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America.” The Journal of Economic History 55, no. 4 (December): 842-859. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2123819.

In this episode I dive into the early history of Los Angeles, its founders, the motivation behind their colonization, how they lived and how they survived the Anglo-American period.     References  Hackel, Steven W. 1997. “Land, Labor, and Production: The Colonial Economy of Spanish and Mexican California.” California History 76, no. 2/3 (Summer-Fall): 111-146. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161664.   Mason, William M. 1998. The Census of 1790: A Demographic History of Colonial California. N.p.: Ballena Press.   Meier, Matt S., Carey McWilliams, and Alma M. García. 2016. North from Mexico: The Spanish-speaking People of the United States. Edited by Matt S. Meier and Alma M. García. N.p.: ABC-CLIO, LLC.   Pierce, Charles C. n.d. “Original Settlers of Los Angeles.” Los Angeles Almanac. Accessed July 30, 2022. http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03c.php.   Voss, Barbara L. 2005. “From Casta to Californio: Social Identity and the Archaeology of Culture Contact.” Wiley 107, no. 3 (September): 461-474.  https://www.jstor.org/stable/3567030.

In this episode I analyze the treaty that halted the Mexican American War and determine if the United States honored or violated the treaty. #chicano #history #mexico #usa #sessionswithflow   References   n.d. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875. Accessed July 19, 2022. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=009/llsl009.db&recNum=982.   Griswold del Castillo, Richard. 1990. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict. N.p.: University of Oklahoma Press.

In this episode I explain how a group of African slaves in New Spain not only escaped slavery, but successfully created a free independent village prior to any nation in the Americas. #slavery #colonialhistory #afrolatino     References   Carrillo, Karen J. 2021. “Mexico’s First Liberated City Commemorates Its Founding.” Daily JSTOR. https://daily.jstor.org/mexicos-yanga-commenorates-founding/.   Multiple, Authors. 2008. “The First Liberator of the Americas: The Editor's Notes.” Callaloo 31, no. 1 (Winter): 1-11. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27654749.

In this episode I cover the events that shaped Mexico and its people, beginning with Mexican independence and ending with the Porfiriato.   References  Chasteen, John C. 2016. Born in Blood & Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. N.p.: W.W. Norton.   Scheina, Robert L. 2003. Latin America's wars: The age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899. N.p.: Brassey's, Incorporated.

In this episode I dive into what inspired the Chicano Movement but also what caused it to suddenly fall.     References   Hurtado, Aída. 1998. “Sitios y Lenguas: Chicanas Theorize Feminisms.” Hypatia 13, no. 2 (Spring): 134-161. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3810642.   Martínez, Sara E. 2017. The Chicano Movement: A Historical Exploration of Literature. N.p.: ABC-CLIO.   Rhea, Joseph T. 1997. Race Pride and the American Identity. N.p.: Harvard University Press.   Saldívar-Hull, Sonia. 2000. Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature. N.p.: University of California Press.

In this episode I discuss the alternative origins of the name America.     References  Bris, Thomas De S. 2015. Discovery of the Origin of the Name of America (Classic Reprint). N.p.: FB&C Limited.   Lambert, T. H. 1883. “The Origin of the Name of America: From the National History of the Peruvians.” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York 15:45-72. https://doi.org/10.2307/196537.

In this episode, I dive into the Chichimeca Wars that ultimately changed how the Spanish would proceed with the conquest of the Americas.     References   Powell, Philip W. 1975. Soldiers, Indians & Silver: North America's First Frontier War. N.p.: Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University.   Powell, Philip W., and Philip Wayne. 1977. Mexico's Miguel Caldera: The Taming of America's First Frontier, 1548-1597. N.p.: University of Arizona Press.