Huberman Lab

My guest is Michael Snyder, PhD, professor of genetics at Stanford and an expert in understanding why people respond differently to various foods, supplements, behavioral and prescription interventions. We discuss how to optimize your health and lifespan according to what type of glucose responder you are, which genes you express, your lifestyle and other factors. Dr. Snyder also explains the key ages when you need to be particularly mindful about following certain health practices. We also discuss how people respond in opposite ways to different fiber types. This episode ought to be of interest and use to anyone seeking to understand their unique biological needs and how to go about meeting those needs. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00 Michael Snyder 03:33 Healthy Glucose Range, Continuous Glucose Monitors CGM, Hemoglobin A1c 09:02 Individual Variability & Food Choice, Glucose Spikes & Sleepiness 12:18 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Wealthfront 15:16 Glucose Spikes, Tools: Post-Meal Brisk Walk; Soleus “Push-Ups”; Exercise Snacks 21:06 Glucose Dysregulation, Diabetes & Sub-Phenotypes, Tool: Larger Morning Meal 28:34 Exercise Timing, Muscle Insulin Resistance 30:49 Diabetes Subtyping, Weight, Glucose Control; Incretins 35:41 GLP-1 Agonists, Diabetes, Tool: Muscle Maintenance & Resistance Training 38:40 Metformin, Berberine, Headaches 41:01 GLP-1 Agonists, Cognition, Longevity, Tool: Habits Support Medication; Cycling 47:41 Subcutaneous vs Visceral Fat, Organ Stress 49:10 Sponsors: David & Eight Sleep 51:58 Meal Timing & Sleep, Tools: Post-Dinner Walk, Routines, Bedtime Consistency 57:16 Microbiome, Immune System & Gut; Diet & Individual Variability 1:02:52 Fiber Types, Cholesterol & Glucose, Polyphenols 1:09:50 Food As Medicine; Fiber, Microbiome & Individual Variability; Probiotics 1:18:48 Sponsor: Function 1:20:35 Profiling Healthy Individuals, Genomes, Wearables 1:26:31 Whole-Body MRIs, Nodules, Healthy Baseline, Early Diagnosis 1:34:07 Sensors, CGM, Sleep, Heart Rate Variability HRV, Tools: Mindset Effects, Increase REM 1:39:30 HRV, Sleep, Exercise, Tool: Long Exhales; Next-Day Excitement & Sleep 1:42:48 Organ Aging, “Ageotypes”; Biological Age vs Chronological Age 1:49:41 Longevity, Health Span, Genetics, Blue Zones 1:52:19 Epigenetics, Viral Infection & Disease 1:58:54 ALS, Heritability; Neuroprotection, Nicotine 2:03:47 Air Quality, Allergies, DEET & Pesticides, Inflammation, Mold; Microplastics 2:15:02 Single-Drop Blood Test & Biomarkers, Wearables, Observational Trials 2:20:33 Acupuncture, Blood Pressure 2:26:40 Immersive Events & Mental Health Benefits 2:34:59 Data, Nutrition & Lifestyle; Siloed Health Care vs Personalized Medicine 2:43:06 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Alia Crum, PhD, professor of psychology at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Mind & Body Lab. Dr. Crum explains that our mindsets—for example, what we believe about stress, exercise and the food we eat—shape how we feel, behave and even how our bodies respond. We discuss studies showing simply believing a food is indulgent can shift satiety hormones and that viewing your daily activity as real exercise can improve weight loss and health markers. We also discuss how to reframe stress so it becomes a tool for growth and improved performance. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Alia Crum (00:20) Mindset, Core Beliefs; Examples of Mindset (04:56) Mindset Shapes Body's Response, Placebo Effects, Tool: Mindset for Weight Loss (10:18) Sponsor: Function (11:58) Different Diets & Mindset (13:32) Nocebo Effect (14:26) Exercise Mindsets, Weight Loss & Health Benefits (17:11) Stress, Tool: Stress is Enhancing Mindset, Mental & Physical Benefits (24:24) Mindset, Stress, Motivation & Physiology (26:18) Sponsors: AG1 & Carbon (29:21) Stress, Mindset & Hormones (30:53) Mindsets as Portals to Unconscious, Tool: Stress Mindset Awareness (32:28) Leverage Stress, Tool: Adopt a Stress is Enhancing Mindset (35:31) Mindsets Matter, Athletics (37:19) Resources, Toolkits & Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Alex Honnold, a professional rock climber considered by many to be one of the greatest athletes of all time for his historic free solo (no ropes or man-made holds) ascent of El Capitan in Yosemite. We discuss how to envision massive goals in any part of life and the process of breaking down those goals into actionable daily steps. Alex shares how embracing your uniqueness and mortality is the most powerful way to envision and live a fuller, more intentional life. We also discuss strength and endurance training, assessing risk and how Alex prepares mentally and physically for extreme challenges. We also discuss how to balance goal-seeking with family and work. Regardless of your goals, profession or age, this conversation will very likely reshape how you think about and approach your life, goals and potential. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Alex Honnold (02:17) Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation, Setting Big Goals (05:00) Preparing for Free Solo of El Capitan, Route Memorization & Conditions (10:09) Sponsors: Joovv & BetterHelp (12:35) Overthinking, Kinesthetic Flow; Climbing & Surprise (16:24) Aging & Climbing; Olympics & Broadening Climbing Culture; Parkour (23:04) Grip Strength, Aging, Climbing Technique, Yosemite National Park, Half Dome (29:00) Free Soloing & Rope Climbing, Safety & Risk; Aging & Death; Mentors (38:32) Sponsors: AG1 & Maui Nui (41:29) Climbing Lifestyle, Training, Career; Recovery (47:44) Technology, Smartphones & Distraction from Goals, Focus (51:09) Pursuing Ambitious Goals, Tool: Small Daily Challenges (55:56) Fear, Brain Scan & Public Speaking; Evaluating Risk (59:40) Doing What You Love, Life Crisis, Tool: Contemplating Death (1:03:49) Childhood, Passion & Choosing Career Path; University (1:11:46) Sponsor: Function (1:13:34) Outdoor Exploration, Yosemite, National Parks, Rucking, Trail Running (1:18:18) Girl Climber Film, Effort & Dedication (1:23:29) Strength Training, Pull-Ups, Muscle-Ups, Tool: Increase Sets & Reduce Soreness (1:31:59) Endurance & Strength Training Schedule; Posture; Running (1:38:52) Body Balance, Leanness; Muscle Cramps; Multi-Day Climbs (1:42:31) Awe in Nature, Spiritual Experiences; How Geckos Climb; Cliff-Dwelling Wildlife (1:46:46) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating, highlighting the positive benefits for weight loss, metabolism, organ health, circadian rhythms and cellular repair. I explain a practical framework for designing a time-restricted eating window that aligns with your lifestyle, exercise schedule and social schedule. I also cover what breaks a fast, how to support fasting with tools like salt intake and post-meal walks, and the use of fasting-related supplements, including berberine and metformin. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Intermittent Fasting, Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) (00:50) Diet, Weight Loss, Calories & Hormones (05:50) Body’s Response to Eating vs Fasting, Fasting Duration (09:04) Sponsor: Carbon (10:50) Time-Restricted Feeding & Metabolic Benefits, Circadian Gene Rhythm (16:19) Optimal Meal Timing, Tool: Extend Sleep-Related Fasts (21:29) Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT (24:02) Eating Window Length, Tools: Adjusting TRE for Building Muscle, Regularity (26:55) Accelerate Transition to Fasting, Glucose Clearing, Tool: After-Meal Walk (28:36) Metformin, Berberine, Continuous Glucose Monitors; Cell Growth vs Repair, mTOR (31:46) Gut Microbiome; Transitioning to Intermittent Fasting & Individualization (34:03) Tool: 8-Hour Feeding Window & Weight Loss (35:25) Sponsor: Joovv (36:40) What Breaks a Fast?, Sugar; Tool: Using Salt to Support Fasting (39:42) Tool: Ideal Feeding Window Guidelines; Exercise & Social Considerations Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. David DeSteno, PhD, a professor of psychology at Northeastern University. We discuss science, God and religion, including what science can and can’t reveal about the existence of God and where religious faith and science do and do not align. We also discuss why questions about life’s origins, miracles and the afterlife have persisted across time. Dr. DeSteno explains how religious rituals cause meaningful improvements in mental and physical health and how prayer and gratitude can markedly reduce stress, increase honesty and compassion and buffer against loneliness and despair. Finally, we explore what distinguishes religions and mission-based communities from cults, and we discuss the role that communities such as 12-step and Burning Man play in modern life. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) David DeSteno (02:10) Science & Belief in God, Does God Exist? (07:06) Universe Origins & Scientific Questions; Religion & Life/Health Benefits (15:16) Sponsors: Our Place & LMNT (18:23) Russell's Teapot, Overbelief, Faith; Religio-prospecting, Traditional Practices (26:49) Mediation & Compassion, Prayer & Stress Relief, Tools: Meditation, Prayer (34:40) Superstition, Prayers & Rituals; Mourning Rituals, Eulogies, Shiva, Connection (43:58) Grieving & Different Religious Traditions (47:15) Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep (50:12) God vs Religion?; Prayer, Community, Religious Rituals & Ideals (56:17) Psychedelics, Ego Death, Right vs Left-Handed Roots (01:01:24) Good & Evil; Lies & Cheating; Gratitude & Prayer (01:11:03) Loneliness, Community & Religion, Relationship with God & 3AM Friend (01:16:25) Sponsor: Function (01:18:12) Feeling God; Intelligent Design, Evolution, Eye; Awe (01:25:21) Overwhelm & Spiritual Experiences, Awe Despite Understanding (01:31:01) Fear of Death, Afterlife, Tool: Contemplating Death (01:37:11) Time Perception, Connectedness, Traditional Practices (01:42:53) Addiction; 12-Step Programs & Surrender to a Higher Power (01:49:02) New Religions, Burning Man, Modern Spiritual Experiences, Cults (01:58:06) Cults vs Religions, Religious Interpretation & Reorientation (02:03:56) AI, Technology, Religion & Intelligence; Religious Branding (02:11:05) Religion Figures & Flaws, Direct Experience of God (02:15:13) Finding a Belief System, Embracing Religious Practices, Tool: Sampling Religions (02:21:40) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Samer Hattar, PhD, the Chief of the Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms at the National Institute of Mental Health. We discuss how light powerfully shapes mood, sleep, appetite, learning and overall mental health by aligning—or misaligning—our internal circadian clock. We explain practical protocols to support your circadian rhythm, including morning sunlight exposure, dim evening lighting and regular mealtimes. We also discuss strategies to manage jet lag, limit evening screen use, ease seasonal depression and improve focus by syncing light, sleep and food with natural biological rhythms. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Samer Hattar (00:27) Light, Circadian Clock vs Solar Day, Sleep-Wake Cycle (03:20) Eyes, Photoreceptors & Light Entrainment, Blindness, Sleep (06:13) Morning Light, Artificial Lights, Tool: Morning Sunlight Exposure (08:28) Jet Lag Without Traveling, Sleep Issues, Screens, Staying Indoors (09:19) Sponsors: Eight Sleep & ROKA (12:14) Chronotypes, Intrinsic Circadian Rhythms (14:06) Afternoon & Evening Light, Tools: Dimming Lights, Reduce Screen Use (15:57) Light Exposure & Effects on Stress, Mood & Learning, Tripartite Model (19:30) Light & Appetite, Tool: Regular Meal Times (22:39) Using Light to Improve Sleep, Mood & Mental Health (24:20) Sponsor: AG1 (25:42) Jet Lag, Tools: Temperature Minimum; Eat on Local Schedule, Avoid Mismatched Light Exposure (29:15) Sleep Issues, Light-Dark Cycle (30:50) Seasonality, Seasonal Depression; Daylight Savings Time (34:07) Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Sergiu Pașca, MD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. We discuss the biology and genetics of autism, why autism diagnoses are increasing and recent progress in using stem cells to understand and treat profound autism and other brain disorders. Dr. Pașca explains “organoids and assembloids”—human stem cell–derived tools he pioneered to study, treat and cure complex brain diseases. We also discuss ethical and safety issues with using gene editing and stem cells in humans. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Helix: https://helixsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Sergiu Pașca (02:08) Autism Spectrum Disorder, Incidence, Genetics (07:16) Is Autism More Common in Males? (09:35) Sponsors: David & Helix Sleep (11:56) Eye Contact in Babies, Fever; Proposed Causes of Autism; Genes (18:48) Genetic or Idiopathic Autism Diagnoses, Timothy Syndrome (21:37) Rise in Autism Diagnoses (26:46) Cause, Correlation & Neurological Disease; Schizophrenia, Do Vaccines Cause Autism? (31:34) Global Increase in Autism; Gene Therapy, CRISPR, Follistatin (41:05) Sponsors: AG1 & BetterHelp (43:41) Stem Cells, Ethics, Yamanaka Factors, Human Stem Cell Models (52:03) Umbilical Stem Cells; Stem Cell Injections & Dangers, Autistic Kids (59:30) Organoids, Modeling Brain Development, Intrinsic Development Timer (1:12:22) Assembloids, Brain Cell Migration & Circuit Formation, Self-Organization (1:21:22) Four-Part Assembloid, Sensory Assembloid, Pain Conditions (1:25:45) Sponsor: Function (1:27:33) Future Medical Therapies, Cell Banking, Immortalize Tissues, Rejuvenate Cells (1:34:56) Assembloids & Ethics, Importance of Nomenclature, Science Collaboration & Self-Correction (1:45:38) Cell Transplantation & Ethics, Timing (1:55:05) Genetic Testing for Parents, Genetic Penetrance (2:02:36) Assembloids, Timothy Syndrome, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Dystonia (2:14:30) Scientific Career, Walking, Art, Medical School (2:20:44) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how dopamine regulates motivation and provide science-based tools to help improve focus, discipline and overall drive. I explore how particular activities affect dopamine levels and discuss how the highs, lows and baseline levels of dopamine shape your motivation and long-term satisfaction. I also explain practical strategies to boost dopamine levels, such as deliberate cold exposure, caffeine, effort-based rewards and specific supplements. Whether you're looking to enhance motivation for school, work or daily life, this episode explains how to get and stay motivated while supporting healthy dopamine levels. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Dopamine & Drive (00:33) Neuromodulators; Dopamine Effects, Parkinson’s Disease; Brain Circuits (03:36) Motivation & Dopamine Levels (04:55) Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT (07:29) Subjective Experience & Dopamine, Activities that Increase Dopamine (10:55) Dopamine Highs, Lows & Baseline; Evolutionary Context, Addiction (16:16) Dopamine Reward Prediction Error, Tool: Intermittent Rewards (18:16) Caffeine & Dopamine; Tool: Yerba Mate & Protecting Dopamine Neurons (19:40) Sponsor: David (20:53) Amphetamine, Cocaine & Challenges for Learning (22:22) Tool: Increase Dopamine & Deliberate Cold Exposure (25:06) Hard Work & Motivation, Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Rewards, Tool: Growth Mindset (30:25) Sponsor: Function (32:04) Experiences & Shifting Perception, Dopamine Balance (33:17) Compounds to Increase Dopamine: Wellbutrin, L-Tyrosine, PEA, Alpha-GPC (36:54) Social Connection; Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Michael Kilgard, PhD, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Texas at Dallas and a leading expert on neuroplasticity and learning across the lifespan. We discuss the need for alertness, effortful focus, post-learning reflection and sleep to induce neuroplasticity, and how dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and norepinephrine are each involved. He explains the behavioral steps for neuroplasticity, as well as vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and other therapies for tinnitus, stroke, depression, PTSD and paralysis. This episode ought to be of use to anyone interested in understanding the modern science of brain rewiring and learning to improve cognitive or motor skills or treat sensory or motor disorders. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps (00:00) Michael Kilgard (03:24) Neuroplasticity (05:13) Child vs Adult Plasticity, Childhood Development & Learning (09:37) Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Wealthfront (12:41) Kids, Real vs Artificial Experiences & Balance, Video Games, Natural World (21:13) Social Media & Videos, Kids, Overstimulation & Development (33:42) Early Language Development, Passive vs Real Experiences, Kids & Adults (39:23) Sponsors: AG1 & Carbon (42:44) Learning & Plasticity Requirements; Focus, Friction, Rest & Reflection (52:24) Brain Connections, Complexity, Life Experiences & Plasticity (1:02:51) Learning, Reflection, Visualization, Testing (1:09:45) Experience Diversity & Time, Happiness, Life Appreciation (1:18:05) Sponsor: Function (1:19:53) Learning & Life Meaning (1:23:25) Neuromodulators, Brain Complexity, Synaptic Eligibility Trace & Learning (1:34:28) Synapses, Therapy for PTSD, Rewiring the Brain (1:39:01) Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Tinnitus, PTSD (1:47:33) Psychedelics, Neurostimulation, Importance of Timing (1:57:47) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) & Major Depression (2:01:51) Psychedelics/SSRIs as Plasticity Tools, SSRIs & Bone Strength, Failed Clinical Trials (2:13:18) Can VNS Accelerate Learning? (2:16:01) VNS Surgery, Patient Use & Specificity, Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation (2:18:18) Tinnitus Cause, Incidence & Self-Amplification; PTSD & Control (2:28:12) VNS for Tinnitus; Disease Complexity & Treatments, Lazy Eye (2:41:05) Complexity of Disease Treatments & Combination Therapies (2:48:50) Brain-Machine Interfaces, Information & Experiences; Closed-Loop Feedback; Resilience (2:59:09) Evolving Clinical Trials, Combination Treatments & Disease Complexity (3:05:21) Acknowledgements (3:07:04) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Craig Heller, PhD, a professor of biology at Stanford University and a world expert on the science of temperature regulation. We discuss how the body and brain regulate temperature in different conditions and why conventional cooling methods, such as placing ice packs on the neck, do not effectively reduce core body temperature. Dr. Heller explains why cooling glabrous skin areas—the palms, soles and upper face—efficiently releases body heat and can significantly enhance physical performance and endurance. We discuss how targeted palmar cooling improves both short-term performance and long-term training adaptation in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Craig Heller (00:26) Deliberate Cold Exposure, Cold Showers, Ice Baths; Vasoconstriction (02:26) Cold Shower vs Cold Immersion, Boundary Layer, Tool: Improve Aerobic Exercise Performance (04:54) Anaerobic Exercise & Overheating, Muscle Failure, Muscle Fatigue (07:19) Sponsor: Carbon (09:06) Anaerobic Exercise, Cool Down with Ice Water or Cold Towel? (11:28) Should You Cool Body/Head to Lower Body Temperature?, Hyperthermia, Heat Stroke (15:17) Body Sites for Quick Cooling: Palms, Soles & Upper Face, Glabrous Surfaces (17:48) Tool: Loosen Grip & Performance; Gloves & Socks (19:21) Cooling Brain via Upper Face (20:41) Sponsor: AG1 (22:05) Cooling Brain to Offset Concussion? (23:01) Enhance Anaerobic Performance & Cooling Palms, Heat Loss (26:17) Improve Aerobic Endurance & Cooling Palms (27:11) CoolMitt; Ice Cold Is Too Cold (30:11) Sponsor: Function (31:44) Tool: Use Palmer Cooling to Enhance Performance; Cooling Palms, Soles & Face (35:28) Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, I explain cortisol and science-based protocols for properly setting your cortisol rhythm, which can significantly increase your daytime energy, focus, mood, and stress resilience, while also improving your sleep quality. Most people mistakenly think cortisol is bad, and many assume their levels are too high, when in fact many health and performance challenges simply stem from a disrupted cortisol rhythm. Getting your cortisol rhythm right can be transformative for your health and performance. I outline behavioral, nutritional, and supplement-based strategies to raise or lower your cortisol levels at the appropriate times of day and night. I also provide specific protocols for overcoming burnout. If you’re dealing with stress, low energy, hormone or sleep challenges—or simply want to optimize these for the sake of your physical and mental health and performance—this episode offers science-backed protocols to help. Read the the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Cortisol (1:29) Stress, Tool: Daily Cortisol Rhythm (3:16) Cortisol & Directing Energy, Glucose, Adrenals (6:39) Sponsors: Carbon & BetterHelp (10:14) Daily Cortisol Phases & Rhythm, Waking Up & Cortisol (17:55) Cortisol Release & Regulation, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis (24:57) Rapid & Delayed Stress Response, HPA Axis (28:42) Bright Light & Cortisol Release, Tool: Increase Morning Cortisol & Sunlight (36:58) Sponsors: AG1 & David (39:48) Viewing Bright Light & Mood, Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) (41:44) Increase Morning Cortisol, Tools: Hydration, Delaying Caffeine Intake (49:30) Exercise, Entrainment Cues & Cortisol Rhythm, Tool: Boost Energy & Exercise Schedule (57:52) Does Deliberate Cold Exposure Increase Cortisol?, Energy & Mood (1:01:19) Sponsor: LMNT (1:02:51) Increase Morning Cortisol & Nutrition, Grapefruit, Black Licorice (1:11:34) Afternoon & Evening Cortisol Rhythms, Sunlight, Screens (1:14:30) Lower Evening Cortisol, Tools: Dim Lights, Light Color (1:20:54) Lower Evening Cortisol, Tools: Caffeine Timing; Stress Response & Exhales; Starchy Carbohydrates (1:30:42) Low-Carb Diets & Cortisol, Metabolic Syndrome (1:35:30) Evening Exercise & Cortisol, Tool: Spike Your Morning Cortisol (1:44:32) Supplements to Reduce Cortisol, Ashwagandha, Apigenin, Magnesium (1:50:57) Burnout, Cushing's & Addison's, 2 Burnout Patterns (1:55:23) Early-Phase Burnout, Tools: NSDR/Yoga Nidra, Boost Morning Cortisol, Caffeine (2:01:35) Late-Phase Burnout, Tools: Reduce Evening Cortisol (2:08:02) Age, Male vs Females, Lifespan, Cancer; Menopause; Brain Health (2:13:41) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the biology and psychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and discuss both prescription and non-prescription treatment options. I discuss the neural circuits involved in attention and concentration, emphasizing dopamine's role in regulating and coordinating focus. I explain how common prescription stimulants like Ritalin, Adderall, and Modafinil act on the brain to treat ADHD, and discuss non-drug approaches, including supplements and behavioral training to support focus. The episode offers tools and insights beneficial not only for those with ADHD but for anyone seeking to improve attention and focus. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 00:01:10 ADHD Challenges, Attention, Impulsivity, Hyperfocus, Time Perception, Working Memory 00:05:22 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 00:07:03 Dopamine & Focus; Default Mode Network & Task Network 00:11:57 ADHD & Low-Dopamine Hypothesis, Stimulants, Sugar 00:16:15 ADHD Prescriptions, Ritalin, Adderall, Stimulants 00:18:05 Sponsor: Joovv 00:19:18 Children, Learning to Focus & ADHD Prescriptions 00:22:26 Attentional Blinks, Tool: Improve Focus, Open-Monitoring, Panoramic Vision 00:26:28 Blinking, Dopamine & Time Perception, Tool: Visual Focus Training 00:30:39 Sponsor: AG1 00:32:16 Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil, Side Effects, Tapering 00:34:05 Omega-3 Fatty Acids, EPA, DHA & Attention Effects; Phosphatidylserine 00:36:01 Modafinil, Armodafinil 00:36:51 Acetylcholine, Alpha-GPC 00:38:55 L-Tyrosine, Dopamine, Preexisting Conditions & Caution 00:39:51 Smartphones & Focus, Tool: Limiting Smartphone Use 00:41:56 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Nirao Shah, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry, behavioral sciences and neurobiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss how the brains of males and females differ and how those differences arise from different genes and hormones during fetal development, in childhood and adulthood. We discuss what drives male- versus female-specific behaviors and how hormonal fluctuations across the lifespan, including puberty, the menstrual cycle, menopause and aging – affect behavior, cognition and health. Additionally, we discuss how biology relates to gender identity and the impact of hormone therapies on brain circuits that regulate mating, parenting and social bonding. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Nirao Shah 00:02:11 Mice, Humans & Brain, Biological Conservation 00:05:25 Hormones, Nature vs Nurture 00:07:13 Biological Sex Differences, Chromosomes & SRY Gene, Hormones 00:16:01 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Eight Sleep 00:19:09 Androgen Mutations, Feminization & Masculinization 00:22:04 SRY Gene; Animals & Sexual Trans-Differentiation 00:27:49 Hormones & Biological Brain Differentiation 00:31:22 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Androstenedione; Stress & Pregnancy 00:35:56 Genes, Brain Differentiation & Sexual Identity; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 00:43:37 Testosterone, Estrogen & Brain Circuits 00:47:27 Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT 00:50:36 Intersex Individuals, Castration 00:52:23 Female Sexual Behavior, Brain, Testosterone & Pheromones 00:57:58 Identify as Heterosexual or Homosexual, Difference in Hormone Levels? 01:00:42 Gender, Sexual Orientation & Hormones; Hormone Replacement Therapy 01:10:21 Aromatization; Steroid Hormones & Gene Expression 01:15:00 Kids & Changing Gender Identity 01:19:05 Sexual Behavior, Refractory Period & Male Brain, Tacr1 Cells 01:21:31 Sponsor: Function 01:23:19 Hypothalamus, Dopamine, Prolactin, Cabergoline, Libido, Dopamine 01:27:05 Brain Circuits, Aggression & Sexual Behavior 01:32:40 Refractory Period; Age, Testosterone & Libido 01:36:07 Tacr1 Cells in Females, Periaqueductal Gray & Innate Behaviors 01:40:00 Parenting Behaviors & Brain Circuits; Pet Dogs 01:43:12 Oxytocin, Pair Bonding, Vasopressin; Biological Redundancy 01:47:22 Libido, Melanocortin, Tacr1 Neurons; GLP-1 Agonists, Clinical Trials; Kisspeptin 01:56:43 Female Brain Changes, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Menopause; Estrogen; Men & Hormone Fluctuation? 02:04:10 Life Experience Male vs Female, Sex Recognition, Behaviors & Context 02:16:05 Pain Management; Endocrine Disrupters, Gender Identity 02:21:03 Future Projects 02:24:29 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Matthew Johnson, PhD, a senior researcher for the Center of Excellence for Psilocybin Research and Treatment at Sheppard Pratt’s Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics. We explore the science and therapeutic potential of psychedelic medicine, including psilocybin, MDMA and LSD. We discuss how these substances can profoundly alter perception and self-identity, providing long-lasting relief from depression, addiction and trauma when used in controlled clinical settings. We also discuss microdosing and emerging research on psychedelics’ potential to support recovery from neurological injuries. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Matthew Johnson; Psychedelics 00:01:44 Different Classes of Psychedelics 00:04:33 Psychedelics & Altering Models 00:06:18 Sponsor: David 00:07:33 LSD, Psylocibin & Serotonin 00:09:55 Psychedelic Clinical Trials 00:13:40 Therapy, Trust, Psychedelics 00:16:47 Letting Go & Psychedelic Experience, Self-Representation, Lasting Changes 00:22:31 Sponsors: AG1 & BetterHelp 00:25:26 MDMA, Dopamine & Serotonin; Bad Trips & Transcendental Experience 00:28:49 Dangers of Psychedelics 00:31:11 Microdosing Psychedelics, Antidepressant 00:35:27 Head Injuries, Psychedelics, Depression 00:38:29 Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Chris McCurdy, PhD, FAAPS, professor of medicinal chemistry at the University of Florida and a world expert on the pharmacology of kratom and other plant-derived medicinal compounds. We discuss kratom’s wide-ranging effects, including its use for boosting energy, enhancing mood, managing pain and as a potential opioid substitute, while also explaining its critical safety concerns and addictive potential, especially for kratom-derived/isolate products. We also discuss plant-based compounds more generally for their potential benefits and risks. Dr. McCurdy offers a balanced perspective on kratom and other plant-based and naturally occurring medicinal compounds, highlighting and contrasting their promise for human health with potential serious risks. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David Protein: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Chris McCurdy 00:02:51 Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), Origin, Effects, Low vs High Doses 00:07:19 Sponsors: David Protein & Eight Sleep 00:10:07 Kratom, Traditional Use vs Commercial Kratom Products, Absorption 00:17:00 Kratom Products, Serving Size, Kids; Semi-Synthetics; Tool: Understand Kratom Product Labels 00:23:16 Kratom Products & Various Desired Effects; Physical Dependence 00:32:53 Different Kratom Usage Patterns, Opioid Dependence 00:36:59 Alkaloid Compounds, Nitrogen, Nicotine; Animals & Self-Experimentation 00:47:47 Sponsors: AG1 & ROKA 00:51:05 Medicine Development, Disconnection from Nature, Product Concentrations 00:59:00 Alkaloids & Natural Products, Opium Poppy, Coca Leaf, Tool: Kratom Leaf vs Extracts (Kratom-Derived/Kratom Isolates) 01:09:06 Is It Safe for Kids to Consume Kratom Products? 01:12:19 Kratom, Energy, Mood & Pain Management, Dose; Caffeine 01:16:56 Respiratory Depression & Kratom Products 01:20:16 Sponsor: Function 01:22:04 Kratom Leaf vs Derivatives, FDA Regulations, Usage Guidelines 01:26:59 Kratom, Alcohol Consumption, Respiratory Failure? 01:29:09 Kratom Alkaloids, Mood & Stimulant Effects, Multiple Pathways for Pain Relief 01:38:17 Plant Alkaloids & Chemical Defense, Kratom & Antifungal Alkaloids; Geckos 01:44:35 White, Red & Brown Vein Kratom, Leaf Processing; Terpenes 01:51:08 Kratom as an Anti-Depressant?; Discontinuing Kratom Use, Opioid Use 01:58:03 Kratom, Drug Interactions & Seizure, Opioids 02:01:51 Cacao Beans, Chocolate 02:09:34 Coca-Cola, Coca Plant & Cocaine, History of Soft Drinks 02:19:49 Career Journey, Pharmacy, Chemistry & Education, Lobelia 02:28:44 Nicotine; Natural Products & Career Journey, Salvia divinorum, Kratom 02:40:22 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I discuss both healthy eating and clinically recognized eating disorders, including anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder. I explain how brain circuits, hormones such as leptin and reward systems interact to regulate appetite, satiety and overall eating behaviors. I also discuss the serious health risks associated with anorexia, explain how disrupted eating habits contribute to its development and highlight evidence-based treatments for anorexia. Finally, I explore binge eating and bulimia, discussing the underlying causes and the pharmacological treatments commonly used to support recovery. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Eating Disorders 00:01:05 Fasting, Intermittent Fasting, Healthy Eating 00:06:10 Self-Diagnosis Caution 00:07:20 Sponsor: LMNT 00:08:52 Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa 00:12:39 Hunger & Satiety; Appetite, Body Fat & Brain 00:17:20 Homeostasis & Reward Systems, Eating Disorders 00:21:12 Sponsor: AG1 00:22:49 Anorexia, Puberty, Hyperacuity & Food 00:25:55 Decision-Making vs Reflexes/Habits, Anorexia 00:29:29 Anorexia & Breaking Habits, Therapies & Family-Based Models 00:32:08 Distorted Self-Image & Anorexia 00:35:03 Sponsor: Function 00:36:43 Bulimia & Binge-Eating Disorder, Impulsivity & Prescription Treatments 00:40:28 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Marc Berman, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago whose research explores how different physical environments—particularly nature and patterns found in nature—can positively impact our ability to focus, our cognitive performance and our mental and physical health. We discuss how our physical environment influences our attention, stress levels and brain and heart health. He explains how even brief periods in nature and exposure to natural images and sounds can restore and improve attentional capacity, reduce mental fatigue and help combat rumination and depression. Whether you live in a city, suburb or rural area, this episode offers simple science-backed strategies for incorporating nature and natural elements into your daily life to positively transform your cognitive ability and mental and physical health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Marc Berman 00:02:14 Direct vs Involuntary Attention, Mental Fatigue, Attention Restoration Theory 00:06:59 Attention Fatigue, Focus & Vision, Tool: Restoring Attention in Nature 00:11:26 Sponsors: Helix Sleep & BetterHelp 00:13:50 Focused Work, Tool: Pre-Work Nature Breaks to Enhance Focus 00:15:54 Nature Walks & Cognitive Benefits, Comparing Nature vs Urban Environments 00:21:31 Nature, “Softly Fascinating Stimulation”, Fractals 00:27:12 Nature Images & Sounds, Cognitive Benefits 00:30:03 Urban vs Nature Images, Complexity & Image Compression; Semantics 00:40:44 Time Perception & Nature; Art Galleries 00:45:32 Tools: Resetting Attention & Nature Break; Features of a Restorative Nature Environments vs Focused Workspace; Length of Time in Nature 00:52:47 Sponsors: AG1 & Our Place 00:55:59 Nature, Time & Widening Attention; Fractals & Nature 01:02:21 Nature vs Urban Environments & Brain, Social Media & Attention 01:09:44 Depression & Rumination, Mental Well-Being, Attention & Nature 01:14:56 Sleep vs Wakefulness; Protecting Attention, Social Media 01:24:44 Sponsor: LMNT 01:26:19 Impulsivity, Texting & Attention, Meditation vs Nature Restoration 01:33:10 Passive Restorative vs Passive Depleting Activities, “Mental Obesity”, Shrinking Attention Span 01:37:31 Kids, Phones, Tool: Nature Free Play; Social Happy Hour, Tool: Solitary Nature Breaks 01:45:30 Physical Health Benefits of Nature, Trees & Indoor Greenery; Aquariums 01:53:26 Thoughts, Feelings & Physical Spaces, Biophilic Design, Bringing Nature Indoors 02:01:03 Nature Breaks, Incorporating Nature into Schools, Work, Home & Cities; Forest Bathing 02:09:18 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode my guest is Dr. Robert Sapolsky, PhD, a professor of biology, neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University.   We discuss different types of stress and how our perception of stress as harmful or beneficial largely depends on context. He also explains how testosterone amplifies pre-existing behaviors and tendencies, and he highlights the crucial role of estrogen in supporting brain and body health. We also discuss daily cognitive practices for stress mitigation and how modern life, influenced by social media and complex social hierarchies, shapes our responses to stress. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Robert Sapolsky 00:00:23 Positive & Negative Stress; Excitement, Amygdala 00:02:47 Testosterone & Brain, Aggression, Hierarchy 00:06:27 Sponsors: Function & LMNT 00:09:18 Testosterone, Motivation, Challenge & Confidence 00:13:52 Dopamine, Testosterone & Motivation 00:16:20 Estrogen, Brain & Health, Replacement Therapies 00:18:12 Stress Mitigation 00:22:09 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:24:59 Cognitive Practices for Stress Mitigation, Individual Variability, Consistency 00:27:18 Stress, Perception & Individual Differences 00:29:39 Context, Stress & Brain 00:32:47 Social Media, Context, Multiple Hierarchies 00:35:57 Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Alan Aragon, a renowned nutrition and fitness expert and researcher known for sharing the strongest evidence-based approaches to fat loss, muscle gain and overall health and fitness. We discuss how to optimize your protein intake, including how much to consume per meal and when, and the facts and myths about the “30-gram rule” and the “anabolic window” following exercise. We also discuss controversial topics such as seed oils, artificial sweeteners, animal vs. plant proteins, training fasted for fat loss and collagen supplementation. Alan Aragon clarifies the most important topics in nutrition and offers valuable time-saving yet extra-effective ways to exercise. He is a true expert in providing data-supported actionable exercise and nutrition protocols for anyone seeking to improve their body composition and health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Wealthfront**: https://wealthfront.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman **This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00:00 Alan Aragon 00:02:17 Dietary Protein & Protein Synthesis Limits?, Tool: Post-Resistance Training & Protein Intake (30-50g) 00:09:16 Training Fasted, Post-Exercise Anabolic Window, Tool: Total Daily Protein 00:15:53 Daily Protein Intake, Timing & Exercise, Muscle Strength/Size 00:23:00 Sponsors: Carbon & Wealthfront 00:26:46 Does Fasted Training Increase Body Fat Loss?, Cardio, Individual Flexibility 00:36:53 Dietary Protein & Body Composition 00:38:58 Animal vs Plant Proteins (Whey, Soy, Pea, Quorn), Muscle Size & Strength 00:51:24 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:54:14 Body Re-Composition, Gain Muscle While Losing Fat?, Tool: Protein Intake & Exercise 01:02:55 Fiber; Starchy Carbohydrates & Fat Loss, Ketogenic Diet 01:10:36 Inflammation, Fat & Macronutrients, Hyper-Palatability; Fish Oil Supplementation 01:16:52 Added Dietary Sugars, Sugar Cravings, Tool: Protein Intake 01:24:03 Artificial Sweeteners (Aspartame, Sucralose, Saccharine, Stevia), Diet Soda, Weight Loss 01:30:16 Sponsor: Function 01:32:04 Caffeine, Exercise & Fat Loss 01:34:53 Alcohol, Red Wine, Sleep, Lifestyle; Quitting Drinking & Stress Resilience 01:44:43 Seed Oils vs Animal Fats, Canola Oil, Olive Oil, Oil Production, Tool: Improve Diet Quality 01:55:50 Butter & Cardiovascular Risk, Saturated Fat, Mediterranean Keto Diet, Testosterone 02:00:43 Menstrual Cycle, Tool: Diet Breaks; Menopause Transition & Body Composition 02:07:04 Collagen Supplementation, Skin Appearance 02:12:44 Supplements: Multivitamins, Vitamin D3, Fish Oil, Creatine, Vitamin C 02:20:03 Resistance & Cardio Training, Tool: Cluster Sets & Super Sets 02:31:35 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore major depression, including its underlying biology and discuss science-based approaches to alleviate symptoms and improve mood. I describe the wide-ranging symptoms of depression and explain how key neurotransmitters, hormones, stress, genetics and inflammation contribute to its development and persistence. I also cover treatment options, from traditional classes of antidepressant medications to emerging therapies such as ketamine and psilocybin. Finally, I highlight lifestyle-based tools, including exercise, supplementation and dietary strategies that can help manage depressive symptoms and promote mental well-being. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Major Depression 00:01:10 Depression Symptoms 00:06:14 Sponsor: BetterHelp 00:07:33 Pharmaceuticals for Depression, SSRIs; Norepinephrine, Dopamine & Serotonin 00:14:33 Thyroid Hormone, Cortisol, Stress & Depression, Menstrual Cycle, Genetics 00:17:43 Sponsor: AG1 00:19:20 Increase Norepinephrine, Tools: Deliberate Cold Exposure & Exercise 00:21:40 Chronic Inflammation & Depression, Tools: Omega-3s (EPA) & Exercise 00:26:49 Sponsor: Our Place 00:28:41 Tool: Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation & Improving Depression 00:30:20 Novel Depression Therapies, Ketamine, Psilocybin 00:35:29 Ketogenic Diet & Refractory Depression, GABA 00:37:57 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices