IEA Podcast

In this Institute of Economic Affairs Podcast, Head of Media Reem Ibrahim hosts a discussion with IEA Executive Director Tom Clougherty and Managing Editor Daniel Freeman on the government's upcoming budget and various tax policy proposals currently being floated. The conversation covers a "tax proposal extravaganza" including potential reforms to property taxation, capital gains tax on primary residences, pension lump sum changes, and inheritance tax modifications. They examine how these proposals might affect the UK's fiscal position ahead of the anticipated autumn budget, with the government facing a significant fiscal gap of potentially up to £50 billion.The discussion delves into the economic impacts of stamp duty and why replacing it with a proportional property tax could benefit the housing market, though the political challenges remain substantial. Clougherty explains how stamp duty creates harmful distortions by discouraging property transactions and keeping people in unsuitable homes, while Freeman highlights the contradiction between economically damaging taxes often being less politically unpopular. They also analyse proposals for capital gains tax on primary residences, concluding it would likely raise little revenue due to its similar distortionary effects to stamp duty, and examine potential changes to pension tax relief and inheritance tax rules.The podcast concludes with an examination of recent research on universal basic income trials in the United States, where studies have shown disappointing results despite significant financial investment. Freeman explains how these trials, involving hundreds of participants receiving up to $1,000 monthly, failed to produce the expected improvements in health, education, or mental wellbeing outcomes, with the only consistent effect being reduced work hours. The discussion touches on how these findings relate to the UK's current benefit system and the importance of work requirements and conditionality in welfare provision. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs briefing, our Head of Media, Reem Ibrahim, interviews Chris Snowdon, Head of Lifestyle Economics, about his new discussion paper "Anti-Capitalism and Public Health." The conversation examines how public health discourse has evolved from targeting specific industries like "big tobacco" and "big food" to attacking what academics call "commercial determinants of health" - essentially any profit-making enterprise. They discuss how major institutions including The Lancet, British Medical Journal, and World Health Organisation have embraced anti-capitalist rhetoric, with some academics viewing economic growth itself as harmful to public health.Snowdon explains how public health experts have expanded their scope beyond traditional health concerns to critique free trade, economic growth, and commercial activities generally. He highlights concerning examples, including a former WHO advisor who praised China's Covid lockdowns as proof that "switching off capitalism protects us from ourselves." The discussion reveals how this movement draws inspiration from "Doughnut Economics" and promotes policies that would fundamentally reshape economic systems rather than address specific health issues.The interview concludes with concerns about the political influence of public health campaigning on British policy. Snowdon argues that politicians have proven susceptible to activists claiming scientific authority while pursuing anti-business agendas, resulting in policies like minimum alcohol pricing, sugar taxes, and generational tobacco bans. He warns that the public should understand the ideological motivations behind campaigns presented as neutral, evidence-based public health interventions.Read the full publication here.Read the press release here. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs interview, the IEA’s Director of Communications Callum Price sits down with Sir Simon Clarke, former Conservative MP, Treasury Chief Secretary, and current Director of Onward. The conversation tackles Britain's housing crisis, with Clarke arguing the UK is 4-5 million homes short and criticising government climbdowns on planning reform. He advocates for densifying cities while challenging the "brownfield only" mindset, calling for a more realistic approach to building on lower-value countryside sites including golf courses and poor agricultural land.Clarke delivers a stark assessment of Britain's economic challenges, warning that the state is spending too much and describing a cultural shift where wealth creation has become viewed with suspicion rather than celebrated. He identifies a "doom loop" where excessive spending requires higher taxes on wealth creators, damaging growth and necessitating even more spending. The discussion covers welfare reform, with Clarke highlighting that 1.2 million more people are now on health-related benefits since February 2020, calling this statistically implausible and economically damaging.The interview concludes with Clarke's prescription for economic revival: aggressive housing supply reform, curbing state spending including scrapping the pension triple lock, tax cuts starting with reversing National Insurance increases, and regulatory reset embracing Brexit opportunities. He argues the next Conservative government must leave the European Convention on Human Rights to restore democratic control and calls for a fundamental cultural reset similar to the 1980s transformation, warning that Britain cannot assume prosperity as of right but must actively pursue policies that enable success. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, the IEA’s Head of Media Reem Ibrahim interviews Stan Veuger, Senior Fellow in Economic Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute. The conversation examines the dramatic shift in Trump's second-term trade policy, including unprecedented 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico, the "reciprocal tariffs" announced in April affecting virtually every country globally, and the resulting economic turbulence that saw US GDP growth slow from 2.8% to just 1.2%. Veuger explains how these policies represent Trump's longstanding mercantilist worldview rather than strategic negotiating tactics, and discusses the ongoing legal challenges that could potentially overturn the tariff regime.The discussion explores the macroeconomic consequences of both trade and immigration restrictions, with Veuger detailing how the administration has effectively reduced net migration to near zero through deportation efforts and eliminating legal pathways like humanitarian parole programs. He argues this represents a significant drag on economic growth, contributing to the broader slowdown alongside trade disruptions. The conversation covers which industries are most affected, from manufacturing sectors dependent on intermediate goods imports to service industries that rely on immigrant labor.Veuger concludes by examining the political landscape around these policies, noting the limited Congressional appetite for challenging Trump's approach and why legal challenges may offer the best hope for rolling back protectionist measures. He discusses the fiscal implications of tariff revenue collection, the constitutional questions around executive power in trade policy, and offers his predictions for potential policy reversals under future administrations. The interview provides crucial insights into how economic nationalism is reshaping American trade and immigration policy with global implications. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, Director of Communications Callum Price is joined by Editorial Director Kristian Niemietz and Managing Editor Daniel Freeman for a wide-ranging discussion on Britain's current challenges. The conversation covers the heated debate around Fraser Nelson's controversial Times article on crime statistics, examining why public perception of rising crime clashes with data showing overall decreases, and the role of social media and visible crimes like shoplifting in shaping these perceptions.The discussion moves to economic policy constraints, analysing Stephen Bush's Financial Times piece on the post-Truss fallout and Britain's relationship with OBR forecasts. Niemietz and Freeman examine whether the UK has become too slavish to independent economic projections and how the obsession with "progressive" tax policies creates dangerous distortions in the system. They debate the Resolution Foundation mindset that every policy must benefit lower earners more than higher earners, even when this creates cliff edges and economic inefficiencies.The podcast concludes with a critical examination of Britain's deteriorating free speech landscape, triggered by the US State Department's human rights report citing the UK for restrictions on expression. From the Online Safety Act to 12,000 annual arrests for online speech, the hosts discuss how well-meaning legislation has created a self-reinforcing spiral of censorship. They argue that without principled defence of free speech from political leaders, Britain risks sliding further into authoritarianism through the accumulation of seemingly reasonable individual restrictions.Fraser Nelson’s Times article can be found here.Stephen Bush’s FT article can be found here.Read more about the US State Department’s human rights report here. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs Free the Power podcast, the IEA’s Andy Mayer interviews Nicholas Leighton-Hall from the Marginal Cost of Everything blog about the recent government decision to reject zonal pricing for UK electricity markets. The conversation examines how political considerations overtook economic rationality in this crucial energy policy decision, exploring the complex dynamics between electricity generation in Scotland, demand in southern England, and the costly constraint payments that result from current market structures.Nick explains how zonal pricing could have addressed fundamental inefficiencies in the UK's electricity system, including the billions spent annually on constraint payments - where wind farms are paid not to generate electricity when transmission infrastructure can't move power from Scotland to high-demand areas in the south. The discussion reveals how this policy could have been a genuine leveling-up measure, with lower electricity prices in more deprived northern areas and higher prices in affluent southern constituencies.The interview explores the behavioural economics behind the government's decision-making, examining how loss aversion and political pressures from previous U-turns on winter fuel payments and welfare reforms created a pattern of backing down from difficult decisions. They discuss how the government's alternative of "reformed national pricing" using transmission charges attempts to replicate zonal pricing benefits through central planning rather than market mechanisms, and why this approach may prove ineffective in practice. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs panel discussion, Dr. Kristian Niemietz chairs a conversation on "Government and Economic Growth in the 21st Century" with Dr. Stephen Davies, Senior Education Fellow, Julian Jessop, Economics Fellow, and Cento Veljanovski, IEA Law and Economics Fellow. The discussion examines Britain's 18-year period of economic stagnation since 2007, exploring why an entire generation has never experienced meaningful economic growth. The panel addresses the political consequences of zero-sum economics, where distributional conflicts have poisoned political discourse as politicians promise benefits without the growth needed to fund them sustainably. The conversation covers the productivity puzzle affecting most Western economies, with Julian Jessop highlighting how Britain's debt could explode to 649% of GDP within 50 years without productivity improvements. Stephen Davies argues that politics has shifted from economic efficiency arguments toward identity-based divisions between nationalism and cosmopolitanism, while noting that most voters across the spectrum still expect government spending without corresponding taxes. The panel discusses the distortive effects of prolonged ultra-low interest rates and quantitative easing, which created zombie companies and asset price bubbles while encouraging fiscal complacency. Cento Veljanovski draws on Hayek's work to examine where the line should be drawn between market and state, arguing that liberalism faces an identity crisis in an era where big government is blamed on "neoliberalism" despite extensive state intervention since 2008. The discussion concludes with debate over potential solutions, from radical reforms like abolishing central banks to addressing the "shadow public sector" of bureaucratic gatekeepers. The panel expresses pessimism about coalition-building with populist movements, suggesting that economic arguments alone may no longer be sufficient to advance liberal reforms in the current political climate. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this IEA podcast, Managing Editor Daniel Freeman interviews Tom Clougherty, Executive Director, and Dr. Stephen Davies, Senior Education Fellow. The conversation examines Britain's looming £50 billion fiscal black hole identified by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, exploring why Rachel Reeves will miss her fiscal targets and what this means for the UK's financial future. They discuss the structural problems driving persistent deficits, from an ageing population to productivity failures, and why traditional austerity approaches have failed to solve the underlying issues.The discussion covers potential solutions to Britain's fiscal crisis, including radical reforms to pensions, healthcare, and welfare systems. Tom advocates for broad-based VAT reform as the least distortive way to raise significant revenue, while Steve argues for fundamental restructuring of how the state operates. They examine why politicians struggle to implement necessary changes and whether the UK has moved beyond the point where incremental reforms can make any meaningful difference to the public finances.The conversation concludes with analysis of Labour's socio-economic duty proposals and their impact on civil service recruitment and school admissions. They also explore a new report on AI's role in HR departments and whether this signals the beginning of widespread automation of white-collar professional jobs. The discussion touches on whether technological disruption will create mass unemployment or simply transform the nature of work in Britain's economy. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Free the Power podcast, the IEA's Andy Mayer interviews Tim Gregory, author of "Going Nuclear: How the Atom Will Save the World" and nuclear scientist at Sellafield. The conversation tackles radiophobia and public misconceptions about nuclear safety, examining how accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima have shaped public perception despite nuclear power being statistically as safe as wind and solar energy. Gregory shares his personal experience working with radioactive materials daily and even swimming off the coast of Sellafield, demonstrating how those who work closest to radiation are least afraid of it. The discussion reveals why nuclear construction has become so expensive and slow, with Gregory pointing to overregulation through models like the linear no-threshold approach that assumes no safe level of radiation exposure. They explore the promising emergence of small modular reactors that can be mass-produced like "IKEA furniture" and deployed at industrial sites to provide both electricity and heat for manufacturing processes. Gregory explains how this technology could revolutionise decarbonisation efforts by addressing the often-overlooked need for high-temperature industrial heat in sectors like steel production, ammonia synthesis, and food processing. Beyond power generation, Gregory reveals fascinating applications including nuclear medicine where radioactive isotopes target cancer cells, essentially making tumours radioactive to destroy them from within. He argues that nuclear waste should be viewed as a valuable resource rather than just waste, containing materials essential for medical isotopes and space exploration. The conversation covers how radioactive power sources enable spacecraft missions beyond Jupiter and could power future lunar and Mars habitats, with Gregory highlighting that the UK's nuclear waste stockpile contains enough material to fuel an "essentially infinite supply" of space batteries for solar system exploration. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs briefing, host Callum Price interviews Matthew Lesh, IEA Public Policy Fellow and author of a 2022 briefing paper on the Online Safety Bill. The discussion covers the implementation of the Online Safety Act and its impact on free speech, examining how age-gating requirements are now forcing platforms to hide legal political content behind age verification systems. They explore how genuine political debate, grooming gang trial transcripts, and war coverage from Ukraine and Gaza are being censored by default, creating what Lesh describes as "censorship by design" where users must prove they're adults to access legal speech. The conversation delves into the broader consequences of the legislation, including smaller platforms and forums withdrawing from the UK market due to compliance costs, the rise in VPN usage to circumvent restrictions, and the paradox of hiding political content from 16-17 year olds while simultaneously discussing giving them voting rights. Lesh explains how the act's "duty of care" model treats speech as equivalent to physical harm, creating unprecedented regulatory burdens on platforms and incentivising over-censorship to avoid massive fines of up to 10% of global revenues. Looking ahead, they discuss Ofcom's expanded enforcement powers, the potential for further restrictions on private messaging through backdoor requirements for encrypted platforms like WhatsApp, and the concerning precedent of treating psychological harm as grounds for government censorship. The interview concludes with Lesh arguing for complete repeal of the act, describing its fundamental approach as incompatible with a free and open liberal society, while noting the political challenges facing any future reform efforts. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, host Callum Price interviews Executive Director Tom Clougherty and Editorial Director Kristian Niemietz. The conversation examines the immediate impact of the Online Safety Act's age verification requirements, which have led to widespread content blocking, a 1400% surge in VPN downloads, and legitimate websites restricting UK access. They discuss how the legislation mirrors previous regulatory failures like the banking anti-money laundering scandal, creating false positives that harm innocent users while failing to achieve its stated objectives.The discussion moves to Ofgem's controversial proposal to make energy standing charges progressive based on income or wealth, as green transition costs drive up bills. Clougherty argues this represents dangerous mission creep in policymaking, shielding voters from the consequences of net zero policies while undermining market price signals. With UK household energy bills 20% above European averages and industrial bills 90% higher, they examine how policy choices rather than external factors account for over half of recent bill increases, creating political pressure for increasingly interventionist solutions.The episode concludes with a debate over whether Britain is truly "broken," responding to recent commentary about national decline. While acknowledging serious policy failures across multiple areas, both Clougherty and Niemietz push back against catastrophist narratives from both left and right. They argue that Britain's problems stem from poor policy choices rather than inevitable decline, emphasising the country's untapped potential and the availability of practical liberal solutions to current challenges, from planning reform to competitive taxation.Timestamps: 01:33 - Online Safety Act & Age Verification Chaos 24:57 - Progressive Energy Bills & Net Zero Costs36:07 - Is Britain Really Broken? Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, Managing Editor Dan Freeman interviews Aymen Aulaiwi, DPhil student at Lincoln College, Oxford, in the final part of a three-part series examining the Soviet economy's rise, peak and downfall. The conversation explores how the Soviet Union's collapse began not with Gorbachev's reforms, but with Khrushchev's dual promise of political liberalisation and consumer goods that the command economy could never deliver. Aulaiwi recounts a revealing train journey across Russia where he discovered the real reason for Soviet nostalgia through a conversation with Tatiana, a former Soviet factory worker, who explained that when the USSR fell, "we got washing machines" - consumer goods that represented individual choice and liberation, particularly for women who controlled household shopping and queuing.The discussion traces the evolution from Khrushchev's "thaw" and his obsession with corn, through Brezhnev's stable but stagnant "golden age" that was funded by Siberian oil discoveries and sustained by vodka sales that comprised 18% of government revenue by 1985. Aulaiwi explains how the Soviet system survived the 1970s through what he calls a "latent crisis" - using oil profits to import Western consumer goods while allowing a massive "second economy" to flourish, with 72% of workers buying shoes on the black market as early as 1935. He describes how Soviet youth developed an "imaginary West" through smuggled Beatles records pressed on X-ray films and Western movies, while the Komsomol organised discotheques where young people danced to ABBA while ignoring communist propaganda.The episode concludes with an analysis of why Gorbachev's perestroika reforms came "too little, too late," and why the Soviet model ultimately failed where Chinese market socialism succeeded. Aulaiwi argues that the fundamental flaw was ideological - the system demanded individual sacrifice for an abstract common good, while people simply wanted the personal liberation symbolised by labor-saving devices like washing machines. He contends that women, not young dissidents, drive real social change because they comprised over 50% of the population and controlled household economics. The conversation demonstrates how the Soviet Union's collapse was primarily an economic story about unfulfilled consumer promises rather than a democratic revolution, with profound implications for understanding how centrally planned economies inevitably fail when they cannot satisfy individual human desires. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, Callum Price, Director of Communications, interviews Vicky Pryce, Chief Economic Adviser at the Centre for Economic and Business Research and former Director General for Economics at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The conversation examines the UK's persistent growth challenges, focusing on the country's productivity crisis that has plagued the economy since the financial crash. They discuss how the UK's failure to encourage investment, particularly in manufacturing sectors like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and steel, has led to economic stagnation despite increased employment levels.Pryce identifies the critical role of uncertainty in deterring investment, from global trade tensions and Trump's tariff policies to Brexit's ongoing impact on skills shortages, particularly in construction where 40% of London's workforce previously came from the EU. The discussion covers supply-side reforms, including planning system failures and procurement problems that have made infrastructure projects like HS2 enormously expensive. They explore how different government departments need to work together more effectively, drawing on Pryce's experience of inter-departmental coordination during the previous Labour government in the 2000s.The interview concludes with an examination of the UK's mounting fiscal challenges, with the OBR projecting debt could reach 270% of GDP by 2070. Pryce outlines her three-point plan for immediate economic recovery: reversing Jeremy Hunt's National Insurance cuts, rebalancing employer National Insurance increases with income tax adjustments, and pursuing much closer trade relations with Europe. She argues that without serious productivity improvements and stronger trade partnerships, the UK faces continued economic decline and an unsustainable fiscal trajectory. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, host Reem Ibrahim, Head of Media and Linda Whetstone Scholar, with guests Tom Clougherty, Executive Director, and Kristian Niemietz, Editorial Director. The conversation covers the UK's deteriorating fiscal situation with June borrowing hitting £21 billion - £7 billion more than last year - and the growing pressure on Chancellor Rachel Reeves to raise taxes. They examine new research on wealth taxes by Dan Neidle, showing how a UK wealth tax would likely be more damaging than similar policies in other countries due to the mobile nature of Britain's wealthy population and the absence of exemptions that make other systems workable.The discussion moves to Conservative Party leader Kemi Badenoch's comments about Argentina's Javier Milei being "the template," exploring what radical spending cuts could look like in the UK context. Clougherty and Niemietz analyse Milei's 30% real-terms reduction in public spending through department closures, mass public sector layoffs, and subsidy elimination. They debate whether Britain needs to hit rock bottom before implementing fundamental reforms, examining the political constraints around pension spending, the triple lock, and the broader challenge of government overload where politicians take responsibility for far more than they can effectively deliver.The conversation concludes with concerning polling data showing 40% of young people have a positive view of communism and 25% support fascism, extending into people's thirties and forties. They explore how economic stagnation, housing unaffordability, and government failure are driving political radicalisation toward both extremes. The hosts discuss why people blame capitalism or immigration rather than government restrictions on housing supply and economic growth, arguing that addressing these fundamental policy failures is essential to prevent further drift toward authoritarian ideologies on both left and right. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe

In this Institute of Economic Affairs podcast, Managing Editor Dan Freeman interviews Aymen Aulaiwi, DPhil student at Lincoln College, Oxford, in the second part of a three-part series examining the Soviet economy's rise, peak and downfall. The conversation explores how Stalin transformed the Soviet Union's economy starting in 1928, synthesising earlier Bolshevik policies into a brutal command system. They discuss Stalin's collectivisation drive that forced peasants to "socialise their cows" and surrender private plots to collective farms, leading to the liquidation of the kulaks - the most productive farmers - and the devastating Holodomor famine that killed an estimated 8.5 million people by 1932.The discussion examines the mechanics of Stalin's command economy through the Five-Year Plans, where Gosplan set production targets for heavy industry while ignoring consumer demand. Aulaiwi explains the three fundamental problems with command economies: information asymmetries that made central planning impossible, soft budget constraints that eliminated efficiency incentives, and principal-agent problems that led to widespread lying and shirking. He illustrates these concepts through relatable examples, from why you can't buy sheets of steel at a catalogue to how the fictional hero Stakhanov was used to manipulate workers, and explains why Stalin paradoxically became "history's most brutal capitalist" by suppressing consumption to fund industrial investment.The episode concludes with an assessment of Stalin's economic legacy, challenging the common defence that industrialisation was necessary to defeat Nazi Germany. Aulaiwi presents evidence showing that agricultural output actually declined during collectivisation, with Soviet children growing at only 6% the rate of American children by the mid-1930s. He describes Stalin's economy as "an empire of rusting steel and rotting corpses," exemplified by projects like the Belomor Canal where 25,000 prisoners died building a waterway too shallow for real shipping. The conversation demonstrates how Stalin's command economy prioritized impressive-sounding output figures over actual human welfare, producing goods nobody wanted while imposing enormous human costs. Get full access to Institute of Economic Affairs | Insider at insider.iea.org.uk/subscribe