IIEA Talks

According to Dr Leah Rose Ely Downey, the power to create money is foundational to the state. In the United States, that power has been largely delegated to private banks governed by an independent central bank. Putting monetary policy in the hands of a set of insulated, non-elected experts has fuelled the popular rejection of expertise, as well as a widespread dissatisfaction with democratically elected officials. In her address to the IIEA, Dr Downey makes a principled case against central bank independence (CBI) by  challenging both the economic theory behind it and developing a democratic rationale for sustaining the power of the legislature to determine who can create money, and on what terms. She discusses how states governing money creation has an impact on the capacity of the people and their elected officials to steer policy over time and argues that in a healthy democracy, the balance of power over money creation matters. About the Speaker: Dr Leah Rose Ely Downey is a Junior Research Fellow at St. John's College, Cambridge affiliated with the Department of Politics and International Studies (POLIS). Dr Downey is a political theorist with interests in the politics of economic theory, economic policymaking, and the administrative state. Her current research focuses on the democratic politics of monetary policy. Dr Downey is also the author of Our Money: Monetary Policy as if Democracy Matters. In September 2025, she will join the Department of Political Economy at King's College London.

As Ireland prepares for its EU Presidency in the second half of 2026, this keynote speech by Deputy Prime Minister Ivanović addresses the key topic of EU Enlargement. Deputy Prime Minister Ivanović presents Montenegro’s journey as the frontrunner in the European Union accession process, emphasising the country’s achievements, its enduring challenges and its clear vision for the future. From a Montenegrin perspective, EU integration is not merely a technical process, but a strategic and value-driven choice that reaffirms Montenegro’s European identity and its role as a regional leader on the path towards full membership. Speaker bio: Dr Filip Ivanović is the Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign and European Affairs of Montenegro, a position he has held since July 2024. Prior to this post, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs. From May 2022 to August 2023, Dr Ivanović served as member of the Governing Board of the University of Montenegro. From 2018 to 2021, he was member of the Working Group for the Negotiations on Accession of Montenegro to the EU for Chapter 25 ‘Science and Research’. Deputy Prime Minister Ivanović has a distinguished academic career and was a research/teaching fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, the University of Leuven, the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem, and the University of Donja Gorica. In February 2020, Dr Ivanović was a visiting professor at the University of North Bengal and in April 2022, he was appointed assistant research professor at the Institute of Advanced Studies of the University of Montenegro. Since 2021, he has also been a visiting scholar at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in History of Ideas (CRISI) at the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University in Milan. Deputy Prime Minister Ivanović is also an expert evaluator of the European Commission, expert of the Agency for Control and Quality Assurance of Higher Education of Montenegro, member of the College of Research Associates of the European Science Foundation, a fellow of the Young Academy of Europe and the Royal Historical Society, and member of the Committee for Philosophy and Sociology of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He holds BA and MA degrees from the University of Bologna and a PhD from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. He also holds a Postgraduate Diploma in Diplomatic Practice from the United Nations Institute for Training and Research.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen delivers her 2025 State of the Union Address, outlining the EU’s priorities for the year ahead. While the speech is a closely-guarded secret, it may cover issues such as enhancing Europe’s competitiveness, strengthening the EU’s security and defence capacity, building win-win trade partnerships, the EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), the European Democracy Shield and upholding the rule of law.  To mark this speech, the European Commission and the European Parliament, in conjunction with the IIEA, have live streamed the address, followed by a hybrid expert panel discussion which assesses the key themes explored and President von der Leyen’s outlook and priorities for 2026. Speakers: Paddy Smyth, Journalist and Former Europe Editor at The Irish Times (Moderator)   Frances Fitzgerald, Former Tánaiste and MEP Tom Hanney, Former Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Ireland to the EU  Brigid Laffan, Professor Emeritus, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute Cian Walsh, Secretary of the UCC Government and Politics Society and a Quercus Active Citizenship Scholar

In her keynote address to the IIEA, Dr Caoimhe Archibald MLA, Minister for the Economy in Northern Ireland, discusses economic opportunities for Northern Ireland in the context of constitutional change and her priorities in her current role. Dr Caoimhe Archibald MLA was appointed Minister for the Economy in the Northern Ireland Executive in February 2025.  Previously, she served as Finance Minister from February 2024. Minister Archibald graduated from Queen’s University, Belfast with a BSc in Molecular Biology and a PhD by research with a Department of Agriculture and Rural Development studentship.  She also completed a Postgraduate diploma in Management & Corporate Governance at Ulster University. Minister Archibald was elected as an MLA for East Derry in May 2016, re-elected in March 2017, and again in May 2022. She is formerly Chair of the Assembly’s Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, and Economy committees. Prior to being elected in May 2016, she worked for almost a decade in applied horticulture and plant pathology research including on collaborative EU funded projects.

In an era of profound geopolitical upheaval and sharpening rivalries, this session will examine the critical juncture at which Türkiye and Europe stand. In his address to the IIEA, His Excellency Hakan Fidan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye, will set out Türkiye’s vision for a reinvigorated strategic partnership with the European Union. He will address the future of enlargement, defense and security cooperation, trade, and energy security as well as the wider regional challenges that define the European and global landscape. The discussion will underscore Türkiye’s pivotal role as a strategic partner and the urgent need for Europe and Türkiye to forge a common strategic horizon grounded in stability, resilience, and shared interests. Speaker bio: Hakan Fidan has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs since the presidential elections in May 2023. Prior to his current role, Minister Fidan held critical positions in the state administration in foreign policy and security domains. He served as the President of the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency, Deputy Undersecretary responsible for foreign policy and security issues at the Prime Ministry, Board Member of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Undersecretary/Director of the National Intelligence Organization, and Special Representative of the President. Having graduated from the Turkish Military Academy and the Land Forces Language School, Minister Fidan pursued a significant part of his academic studies during his service in the Turkish Armed Forces. He holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Maryland University College and master's and doctoral degrees from the Department of International Relations at Bilkent University. Following his service in the Turkish Armed Forces, Minister Fidan lectured in the field of international relations at Hacettepe University and Bilkent University.

In this podcast, which is part of the IIEA’s Future-Proofing Europe Project and kindly supported by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, IIEA Researcher Dylan Marshall engaged with Judge Baker in a conversation on the link between the European Democracy Shield and safeguarding the integrity of elections. Judge Baker provided an overview of the role and powers of the Electoral Commission (An Coimisiún Toghcháin) as an independent statutory body, constrained by legislation, which is responsible for: · overseeing all elections and referendum campaigns in Ireland; · overseeing the realignment of constituency boundaries; · maintaining the register of political parties in Ireland; and · encouraging people to vote by explaining the electoral process and its education and research role. On its role of ensuring the fairness and integrity of electoral events, she highlighted the importance of procedures being followed correctly to ensure that everyone has access and the opportunity to exercise their franchise. Furthermore, Judge Baker referred to the links between the Electoral Commission and similar agencies in other European countries and explained how its work can feed into the formulation of the EU Democracy Shield, which is due to be presented this autumn by Michael McGrath, European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, the Rule of Law and Consumer Protection. Judge Baker discussed the Electoral Commission’s yet to be defined role in regulating online political information and advertising and discussed the Political Advertising Regulation, which will enter into force in October 2025, and the potential role that the Electoral Commission may have in its enforcement. In the context of regulating dis- and misinformation, Judge Baker underlined the importance of freedom of expression and its constitutional value and emphasised the importance of ensuring a balance between freedom of expression and regulation. Furthermore, she reflected on the role judicial oversight could have in ensuring respect for rights in this area, highlighting the importance of the rule of law and its link to democratic resilience. However, she emphasised the particular logistical difficulties that can arise with judicial redress around electoral events. Judge Baker emphasised the importance of education for citizens to enable them to engage with civil society and democratic processes and expressed the view that educational outreach can achieve much better outcomes in countering dis- and misinformation than regulation alone. She welcomed the high level of electoral literacy amongst Irish people and mentioned that radio programmes have proved to be an effective platform for reaching people in their daily life. Judge Baker briefly reflected on the upcoming Presidential elections in Ireland and stated that the procedures are neutral and robust, that the President’s ceremonial role should reflect the values of the population and must be taken seriously, and that the Electoral Commission has a role in ensuring that people know what the President can and cannot do. The conversation concluded with a discussion on the recently proposed motions, passed in the Northern Ireland Assembly and debated in Dáil Éireann, to expand the franchise in Irish Presidential elections to Irish citizens in Northern Ireland and on the potential logistical and structural challenges it could pose.

This podcast is part of the IIEA’s Future-Proofing Europe Project which is kindly supported by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Michael McGrath, as Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, the Rule of Law and Consumer Protection, launched the Commission’s Rule of Law Report 2025. The European Commission Rule of Law Reports first began in 2020, as the EU experienced a period of increasing decline in the rule of law. The Report was envisaged as an additional, preventative tool within the Commission’s Rule of Law Toolbox which could assess early warning signs of backsliding on the rule of law. Kersty McCourt argued that while the Commission’s Rule of Law Report is a useful resource, the challenge now facing the Commission is to link its assessments and recommendations with actions that are implemented quickly and robustly enough to steer Member States back towards greater respect for the Rule of Law. In the conversation, Kersty McCourt highlighted the particularly vulnerable position in which civil society across Europe now finds itself, where some governments, and even members of the European Parliament seek to discredit the work done by CSOs in support democracy, human rights and the rule of law. She warned that if these issues are not addressed, the EU will face a very dangerous trajectory over the next five years.

The European Commission’s much-anticipated Rule of Law Report was published on 8 July 2025. Since 2019, the Report has monitored developments in the rule of law in Member States and issues recommendations on how the Member States can improve judicial systems, anti-corruption frameworks, media pluralism, and other institutional checks and balances. In this IIEA webinar, Florian Geyer and Nicolaas Bel, Head and Deputy Head of Unit (respectively) at DG JUST in the European Commission, join Judge Marie Baker to discuss the Commission’s most recent findings and recommendations. They will present the new elements of the Report, including the innovative Single Market dimension, and discuss the connection between Rule of Law and securing EU funds. Speaker bios: Ms Justice Marie Baker serves as the first Chairperson of the Electoral Commission of Ireland. She was called to the Bar of Ireland in 1984 and was made a judge of the High Court of Ireland in 2014. She was a judge of the Court of Appeal of Ireland from 2018 until she was appointed to the Supreme Court of Ireland in 2019 where she sat until her retirement in 2024. She has lectured in law at University College Cork and Dublin City University. Florian Geyer is a lawyer who has worked for the European Commission for more than fifteen years in various Directorates-General. Before joining the Commission, he was a Research Fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) in Brussels and a senior research assistant in public law at the University of Trier, Germany. Since 2021, he has been the Head of Unit responsible for rule of law in the Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers of the European Commission. Nicolaas Bel is a lawyer and has been working for the European Commission for some twenty years in various Directorates-General. Before joining the Commission, he worked in the legal department of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 2019, he has been the Deputy Head of Unit responsible for the rule of law in the Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers of the European Commission.

In his address to the IIEA, Richard Browne, Director of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), outlines the current cyber risk environment facing Ireland, explain the present work of the NCSC, and sets out the upcoming challenges that the next National Cyber Security Strategy will seek to address. Richard Browne has been Director of the NCSC since 2022.

At a time when conflict and violence have forced an unprecedented number of people to flee their homes and countries, Filippo Grandi will argue that cuts to humanitarian aid and development budgets and the erosion of trust in multilateral institutions only contribute to further exacerbate instability. He will highlight how refugees have become pawns in political debates, rather than recipients of the protection and assistance they need, and to which they are entitled. Mr Grandi will explain UNHCR's mandate and function in responding to displacement emergencies, highlight its role in supporting countries in reacting effectively – and legally – to the challenges posed by forced displacement, and emphasise the indispensable role that humanitarian intervention plays in the arc of diplomacy. About the Speaker: Filippo Grandi is the 11th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He was first elected by the UN General Assembly on 1 January 2016 for a five-year term. Since then, the General Assembly has twice re-elected him to this post, and he will complete his term of office on 31 December 2025. He has been engaged in refugee and humanitarian work for more than 30 years and has served as Commissioner-General of the UN Agency for Palestine refugees (UNRWA), Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Afghanistan, and has worked with NGOs and UNHCR in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

Jim O’Callaghan is the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration. He was elected to Dáil Éireann for the constituency of Dublin Bay South in the general elections of 2016, 2020 and 2024. Previously, he had been a councillor on Dublin City Council. He has served as a member and Chairman of the Oireachtas Committee on Justice and was also a member of the Oireachtas Finance and Education Committees. He has been the Fianna Fáil spokesperson on Justice since 2016. He is a law graduate (BCL) of University College Dublin and attained a Master of Law (LLM) degree and a Master in Philosophy (M.Phil) degree in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. He also holds a Barrister-at-Law degree from the King’s Inns and has been a Senior Counsel since 2008.

Against the backdrop of growing uncertainty in global markets, Ireland faces a number of challenges which could impact its domestic economy. Trade relations are ostensibly deteriorating as tariffs loom, meanwhile EU Member States have grown increasingly concerned about Europe’s competitiveness. In his remarks to the IIEA, Feargal O’Rourke, Chairperson of the IDA, discusses what this growing uncertainty may mean for Ireland, and how Ireland can ensure that it remains an attractive place for businesses and industry. About the Speaker: Feargal O’Rourke currently serves as Chairperson of the IDA, the Irish State agency responsible for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). He also serves as Chair of the board of the Institute of International and European Affairs. Previously, Mr O’Rourke was Managing Partner of PwC in Ireland from 2015 until 2023. Over a 37-year career, he specialised in FDI, focusing on assisting US-based companies to set up in Ireland and Europe. While at PwC, he led their tax practice and was heavily involved in the OECD BEPS process. In 2024, he published From Rags to Riches: The Irish Men’s Team in the Professional Era, an account of the history of the Irish Men’s Rugby team from 1995.

Oppressive governments are reaching across borders to harass and persecute their citizens and exiles. Transnational repression has become a normal and institutionalised practice for dozens of countries that seek to control their citizens abroad. This repression can include intimidation, harassment, abductions, and assassinations. In this event, Yana Gorokhovskaia, Research Director, Strategy and Design, at Freedom House, outlines findings from work undertaken by Freedom House on the subject of transnational repression over the last decade, and reflects on how democracies can respond. Yana Gorokhovskaia is a Research Director at Freedom House and leads work across several portfolios on the Research and Analysis team. She has co-authored several Freedom House reports on transnational repression. Her analysis has also been published in Foreign Affairs, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Politico, Journal of Democracy, Just Security, Huffington Post, and many other publications. Prior to joining Freedom House, Yana worked as an academic analyzing protest and politics in post-Soviet states. She holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of British Columbia and was a postdoctoral scholar at Columbia University until 2019.

On 3-4 April 2025, the first ever EU-Central Asia Summit took place in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. At the summit, political leaders of the EU and Central Asian countries took the landmark step to upgrade relations between the two regions to a strategic partnership. In this IIEA webinar, Eduards Stiprais, EU Special Representative for Central Asia, addresses what it means to have a strategic partnership between these two regions, what is the reason behind it, and how the EU can achieve and maintain this level of partnership in the future. Central Asia over its recent history has been closely related to Europe. This is especially true in relation to people-to-people contact and educational, cultural and touristic exchanges. However, Ambassador Stiprais underscores the need to realise the full potential of cooperation between the EU and Central Asia and speaks about why the EU must continue to build up its partnerships around the world patiently and meticulously. About the Speaker: Ambassador Eduards Stiprais joined the Latvian Diplomatic Service in 1993. He served in a variety of positions including as Head of the EU delegation in Uzbekistan (2016-2020) Tashkent, as the Permanent Representative of Latvia to the EU and as the Ambassador of the Republic of Latvia to the United Kingdom, as well as to France. Ambassador Stiprais assumed his role as EU Special Representative for Central Asia in March 2025. Throughout his career, Ambassador Stiprais received several national and foreign awards and decorations. He has contributed to numerous publications on matters of European integration and the wider international agenda.

In a bid to ensure both fairness and competitiveness, EU policymakers have been grappling with how best to protect consumers online while also boosting the digital economy. Digital services and online marketplaces, advertising, and personalisation have facilitated business growth and innovation but have also driven concerns about risks for consumers and about the misuse of personal data. Policymakers are now seeking to address these issues through initiatives such as the anticipated Digital Fairness Act while also proposing regulatory simplification to ease burdens on businesses - potentially requiring that a delicate balance be struck. In this event an expert panel will discuss if and how the EU can enhance digital fairness and consumer protection without harming innovation or widening the competitiveness gap between European firms and their international rivals. This event is organised by the IIEA and supported by Google. The panel for this event includes: Vanessa Hartley, Head of Google Ireland and Vice President for Europe, the Middle East and Africa for Large Customer Sales; Síona Ryan, Director of Digital and Data Regulation, Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC); Marco Pierani, Director of Public Affairs and Media Relations, Euroconsumers; Regina Doherty, MEP

'Europe from the Inside' In the final edition of IIEA Insights before the summer break, recently retired Head of the European Commission’s Representation Office in Dublin, Barbara Nolan, will offer reflections from her decades-long career in the EU civil service. In the discussion, she will examine the changing role of the European Commission and other EU institutions; power dynamics within the bloc in the context of a near-tripling of members during her career; and how Britain’s exit from the bloc has changed it. Barbara will also offer perspectives on Ireland’s interests and positions in the EU over three decades. Barbara Nolan was Head of the European Commission Representation in Ireland on two occasions, from 2021-2024 and 2010-2016, but spent most of her career at the Commission’s HQ in Brussels. There, she was in charge of Fundamental Rights Policy in the Justice and Consumers Directorate General and represented the Commission on the board of the Fundamental Rights Agency. She was also responsible for the coordination of the Erasmus+ programme, the reform and modernisation of Higher Education, and worked on Anti-Discrimination Policy and Communications and Media. She was the European Commission's Spokesperson for Employment, Social Affairs and Health matters, as well as for Justice and Home Affairs.

Ireland is home to a high-performing life sciences industry, offering outstanding opportunities for both economic development and public health. Unlike other European countries, however, Ireland does not have a holistic vision for the future of the sector. This is set to change, as the Government has promised to develop a national life sciences strategy. Our European peers have already adopted ambitious strategies to secure the industry and harness its social benefits, coordinating policy across a range of areas from enterprise and investment to research and healthcare. This event series, organised by the Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA) in partnership with Johnson & Johnson, will explore these questions and more, bringing together Irish and European leaders from industry, public policy, and academia to discuss the right approach for a national life sciences strategy for Ireland. The second event of this series, entitled Developing a Life Sciences Vision for Ireland: Insights from Europe on Health Innovation, will look how Ireland should shape its life sciences strategy through a healthcare lens. The panellists will discuss the case for a coordinated government approach and explore how aligning healthcare policy with sectoral strategy can unleash benefits both for patients and the economy. Based on their experiences at both national and international level, the panellists will examine what other European countries have done to strengthen links between industry and healthcare systems, prepare for future waves of innovation, and how Ireland can use collaboration with the wider health sector to strengthen its position as a global life sciences hub. Panellists: Professor Mary Horgan, Chief Medical Officer at the Department of Health Ann Van Gysel, CEO of Biovia, Belgium Dr Niklas Blomberg, Executive Director of Innovative Health Initiative Gwynne Morley, General Manager at IQVIA Ireland Ronan Glynn, EY Ireland Health Sector Leader.

In 2024 there were more internet shutdowns, occurring in more countries, than ever before. In this event, Felicia Anthonio, KeepItOn Campaign Manager at Access Now, and Zach Rosson, KeepItOn Data and Research Lead at Access Now, outline Access Now’s latest report: Emboldened offenders, endangered communities: internet shutdowns in 2024. This report documents internet shutdowns and their often devastating impacts – including for human rights and human life — around the world. About the Speakers: Felicia Anthonio is #KeepItOn Campaign Manager at Access Now, an organisation which campaigns to promote digital rights and freedom of expression. The #KeepItOn Campaign is global campaign of over 300 organizations that fights against internet shutdowns. Felicia has authored and co-authored several publications on internet shutdowns and hosted the Kill Switch Podcast. Felicia is also an Advisory Council member of the US-based Open Technology Fund (OTF) and a board member of the World Expression Forum (WEXFO), in Norway. Zach Rosson is the #KeepItOn Data Analyst and Research Lead at Access Now, where he helps fight internet shutdowns globally. His past experience includes data analytics in the private sector as well as computational scientific research. He has published research in the field of seismology, using data mining and statistics to study earthquake risk due to fracking activities by the energy industry.

The emergence of quantum technologies may accelerate technological development and have far-reaching economic and societal impacts. In this event, Dr Gustav Kalbe, Acting Director for Emerging and Enabling Technologies, DG CONNECT, in the European Commission discusses EU policies toward quantum technologies, including the forthcoming EU Quantum Strategy and the EU Quantum Act. Mr Kalbe focuses part of his remarks on the EU’s policies to promote the development of quantum technologies as well as how the risks that these technologies may pose can be addressed. About the Speaker: Dr Gustav Kalbe is the Acting Director for Emerging and Enabling Technologies in DG CONNECT in the European Commission. He joined the European Commission in 1998 and has held several assignments in quantum technologies, photonics, and cybersecurity. In January 2021, he was appointed Deputy to the Director of DG CONNECT for Digital Excellence and Science Infrastructure. In 2018 Dr Kalbe became responsible for the establishment and operation of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking. Dr. Kalbe holds a PhD in Physics.

Ireland’s ambitions to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 will require a fundamental transformation of its energy systems, including its gas network. Renewable gases such as hydrogen and biomethane can play an important role in this transition and in future-proofing Ireland’s energy supply. Renewable gases have the potential to enable sectors that cannot easily electrify to decarbonise. They also have the potential to enhance Ireland’s energy security while creating opportunities for export-driven economic growth. This panel discussion, organised in conjunction with Gas Networks Ireland, will discuss the transformation that might be required in Ireland’s gas network to reach net-zero carbon emissions, as well as the long-term potential benefits for Irish society and the wider economy that this transformation might yield. About the Speakers: Edwina Nyhan, Director of Strategy and Regulation at Gas Networks Ireland Tom O’Brien, Group Chief Executive of Nephin Energy Katy McNeil, Head of Scottish Government Office, Ireland Charlie Brophy, Principal Officer, Electricity Storage and Hydrogen Policy in the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.