In Our Defence

Recent events have put the Indian intelligence establishment under scrutiny, especially after a high-profile incident that raised questions about its effectiveness. An indictment filed by the U.S. Department of Justice on October 18 in a New York court charged Vikash Yadav and his associate Nikhil Gupta with murder-for-hire, conspiracy to commit murder, and money laundering. The target was Khalistani separatist and Sikhs For Justice founder Gurpatwant Singh Pannun in New York in June 2023. Yadav, a former Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) officer, was reportedly working with India’s Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) at the time. The incident raises concerns about intelligence oversight. But what does the intelligence world look like? What does the job of an intelligence officer truly entail? How are covert operations planned and executed, and where do the gaps lie? Does the Pannun incident reveal deeper issues within India’s intelligence framework? In this episode, host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor examine the intricacies of India’s intelligence agencies, often portrayed in a “Bollywoodised” lens of intrigue and mystery. They break down terms like “intel,” “actionable intelligence,” and “intelligence failure” and look past the sensationalised images to reveal the real challenges and operational dynamics faced by Indian intelligence. Tune in! Produced by Anna Priyadarshini Sound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

With a steady decline in active squadrons, the Indian Air Force (IAF) is currently operating well below its optimal strength of 42 squadrons. Numbers are expected to dip further as older aircraft retire.In this episode, Shiv and Dev unpack India’s decision to initiate a new global competition for fighter jets to fill a critical gap in the IAF’s strength.The IAF initially purchased 36 Rafales (far fewer than the original 126 needed); India’s MRFA tender—an acquisition plan for 114 fighter jets—aims to address this need.But, with the Rafale already in service and extensively customised for Indian requirements, the duo questions the necessity of another costly, lengthy competition. Why repeat the process when the Rafale was chosen a decade ago? Yes, we do require more aircraft, but do we need another contest? Is political wrangling slowing down India’s defence readiness?What’s driving this return to a complex competition, and can India afford further delays in bolstering its aerial capabilities?They propose a straightforward contest between the Rafale and Boeing’s F-15, a newer contender, to streamline the acquisition and focus on India’s urgent defence needs.Tune in!Read Lockheed Martin's F-21: For India. From India.Produced by Anna PriyadarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

India and China have agreed to resume military patrolling along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in eastern Ladakh, marking a step toward disengagement, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri announced ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Russia for the BRICS Summit. PM Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping held their first formal discussion since the 2020 border clashes, signalling renewed dialogue after years of military buildup on both sides.In the latest In Our Defence podcast, host Dev Goswami and defence analyst Shiv Aroor break down this diplomatic shift. Does this signal an end to the four-year standoff, or could it be a temporary lull? How significant is the timing, and can these talks lead to tangible changes on the ground? Is this really a 'breakthrough' moment for India? While Modi and Xi’s recent talks may signal diplomatic progress, the hosts remain sceptical, questioning whether China’s intentions are ‘trustworthy’. They explore why India focuses less on trust and more on strategic caution, with each move on the LAC grounded in military readiness rather than expectations of goodwill.The real test, the hosts suggest, lies in the details of implementation. Will there be clear timelines and phased steps, or will the process remain slow and complex? And what could a cautious, phased approach mean for long-term peace between the two countries? The hosts weigh in on what this could mean for the future of relations between the two nations.Produced by Anna PriyadarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

Can you picture a ship that can stay hidden under water for months on end, manoeuvre sharply and speedily, and surface at just at the right time, literally out of the blue, to wreak havoc on the enemy? That's a nuclear-powered attack submarine, or SSN, for you. Nuclear strategist Rear Admiral Raja Menon (retired) once called these submarines "the ultimate arbiter of sea power". But what it is about these submarines that makes them so lethal? Dev Goswami and Shiv Aroor take a deep dive on this and much more on the latest episode of In Our Defence. The Cabinet Committee on Security recently gave the go-ahead to develop and build two of these ‘sharks’ under a project that has been long pending. On this episode, Dev and Shiv take a look at the super capabilities of nuclear-powered attack submarines, why the Indian Navy desperately needs them, and edge that the two now under-development sharks will give once they are in service. Crucially, the two also discuss why the project to build these submarines was hanging fire for so long and delve on the opportunities that were lost as a result. This is and more on this insightful new episode. Tune in! Produced & Mixed By: Kapil Dev Singh

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has announced that flight testing for India’s ‘Loyal Wingman’ drone will begin by 2024. Part of HAL’s Combat Air Teaming System, this indigenous drone will accompany manned IAF fighter jets, offering a new dimension in air combat by working alongside or behind fighters to protect and support them. It can be launched from aircraft like the C-130 or Su-30 MKI and controlled via a secure data link. The CATS Warrior first unveiled in 2021, is a twin-engined unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed for aerial and ground attacks. HAL has teamed up with private sector players to develop this cutting-edge technology. But what exactly is a ‘loyal wingman’ drone? And how does it revolutionise the concept of Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) in modern warfare? In other news, France started developing an air-combat drone that will serve as an unmanned wingman for the country’s Rafale fighter. This is part of a contract with Dassault Aviation to start work on an upgrade package for the aircraft. Countries like the U.S., Australia, Russia, and China are also racing to perfect this tech, which could shift pilots from direct combat roles to more strategic oversight as UAVs handle dangerous missions. Can India make its mark in this high-tech space? In this episode, Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor delve into the global race for ‘loyal wingman’ drones. They explore the progress made by nations like France, which has just launched its wingman project for Rafale fighters, and discuss how the integration of unmanned systems like Boeing’s MQ-28 Ghost Bat could redefine future air combat. Tune in! Produced by Anna Priydarshini Sound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

Iran fired more than 180 ballistic missiles, including its hypersonic medium-range Fattah-2, in a major offensive aimed at overwhelming Israel’s air defences. The strikes hit key military targets such as the Nevatim and Tel Nof airbases, home to Israel’s F-35 fighter jets.In this episode of In Our Defence, host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor unpack Iran’s recent missile offensive on Israel and how the Fattah-2, used for the first time, targeted Israel’s Arrow defence system, designed to intercept long-range ballistic missiles. Iranian officials claim that 90% of their missiles successfully hit their targets, although Israel and the U.S. reported intercepting most of the projectiles.So, what makes hypersonic ballistic missiles so formidable? How do they differ from traditional missiles, and what technologies allow them to bypass even the most sophisticated defence systems? How prepared is the world for the era of hypersonic missile warfare?But this attack raises deeper questions about Iran’s military capabilities. While Iranian officials touted the success of their missiles, critics argue that Iran may exaggerate its technological prowess. Is Iran truly at the cutting edge of hypersonic technology, or is there more to the story?We also explore the broader implications of hypersonic missile technology. Where does India fare in all of this? What’s India’s ballistic missile defence system?With superpowers like the U.S., China, and Russia advancing their hypersonic weapons programs, this new arms race is unfolding without the regulatory oversight that controlled nuclear arms during the Cold War. What does this mean for global security? Can existing defence systems, like Israel’s Iron Dome and Arrow, adapt to meet this emerging threat?Finally, we consider the nuclear dimension. If an incoming missile is suspected to be nuclear, who makes the decision to intercept it? And what are the strategic considerations behind such a critical move?Tune in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi 

Recently, an MQ-9B Predator drone leased to the Indian Navy by the US crashed into the sea off the Chennai coast due to a failure of its power generators and onboard batteries.It was leased from the American firm General Atomics and suffered a power generator and battery failure, leading to a "controlled ditching" into the sea off the Chennai coast.What does "ditched in a controlled manner" mean, and is this crash a concern for India?Besides, the US has also approved the sale of 31 MQ-9 B-armed drones to India at an estimated cost of USD 3.99 billion. The proposed mega drone deal was announced during PM Modi's state visit to the US in June 2023.Under the deal, India will get 31 High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) UAVs, of which the Navy will get 15 SeaGuardian drones, while the Army and the Indian Air Force will get eight each of the land version – SkyGuardian.But why did the deal take so long to finalise despite close diplomatic ties? Is leasing military equipment a viable long-term strategy for India?How can India improve centralised drone operations across its armed services?Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor unpack these, also discussing the crash in the context of India’s growing defence relationship with the U.S., particularly agreements like COMCASA, which facilitate secure communication and intelligence sharing.Tune in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Kapil Dev Singh

On September 17, hundreds of pagers and walkie-talkies exploded simultaneously across Lebanon and parts of Syria, killing dozens and injuring hundreds. Was this another meticulously planned Mossad operation, echoing their history of high-stakes missions?In the 40th episode, host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor delve into these recent coordinated explosions, dissecting how such an elaborate attack could have been planned and executed. What multiple failures in Hezbollah's security led to this devastating outcome?They also explore the broader implications: How does this operation fit into Israel's regional strategy? What lessons can India draw about protecting its communication infrastructure as tensions escalate? The event is a sobering reminder of India's vulnerabilities tied to foreign-made devices, particularly from China, highlighting the urgent need for localised production.Listen in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Nitin Rawat

The Indian Navy is set to finalise the procurement of 26 Rafale-Marine fighter jets by the end of this financial year. Indian Navy plans to equip the indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant with these planes and develop a vital capability for the force on the maritime front.Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor explore the evolution of naval fighter jets in the Indian Navy—a subject that might seem niche but is crucial to India’s defence.The hosts walk through the history of India's naval aviation, starting with the acquisition of the British aircraft carrier HMS Hercules, later INS Vikrant, and the arrival of Seahawk fighter jets in 1960. Why did India switch from British to Russian aircraft, with the MiG-29K replacing the Harriers?As they discuss India’s push for self-reliance, they explore the challenges of transitioning the Light Combat Aircraft to a naval variant and why the Navy prefers twin-engine fighters. They highlight future projects like the Twin Engine Deck-Based Fighter, noting its promise and challenges. How will India balance its ambitions for indigenous fighters with its current defence needs?The episode also touches on the increasing role of drones in naval operations, hinting at a future where combat drones could fly from aircraft carriers.What does the future hold for India's naval aviation?Listen in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

In this episode, host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor explore the future of India's armoured capabilities in light of the government's recent approval of ₹1,44,716 crore for capital acquisitions. This includes modernising the Indian Army's tank fleet through the Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV) program.The new tank FRCV aims to replace around 2,500 four-decade-old Soviet-origin T-72 tanks first acquired in 1982.Why is the FRCV project necessary, and how does it address the shortcomings of previous tank modernisation efforts, such as the Arjun project? What is the current status of India's tank fleet, and how do the ageing T-72s and T-90s fit into the Army's broader defence strategy?The Arjun tank project—marked by controversy and unmet expectations between the Army and DRDO—is analysed, with the hosts reflecting on its failures. The two explain this by giving an overview of tank evolution, from their roles in World Wars I and II to their enduring importance in modern warfare, particularly for India's territorial defence. The FRCV is seen as a corrective step, aiming to build a modern, modular, and agile tank capable of meeting diverse battlefield needs while fully indigenised.But, some critics believe that the FCRV program seems like an Arjun 2.0. Is it?Also, don’t miss the discussion on Sunil Shetty’s iconic tank-lifting scene in the movie Border—could it really happen?Listen in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

India, a nation that has landed on the moon and built fighter jets, still imports basic infantry rifles. Why? The Ministry of Defence has recently signed a repeat order for 73,000 SIG716 rifles from the U.S., with delivery expected by the end of 2025. This follows an earlier procurement of 72,400 rifles in 2019. The move has sparked controversy, highlighting India's continued reliance on foreign arms despite its advanced defence capabilities. In this episode of "In Our Defence," host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor examine India's ongoing struggle with small arms procurement. They question why India still depends on emergency imports despite private companies like SSS Defence developing advanced firearms. What does this say about the nation's defence policies? The episode delves into the failures of the INSAS rifle and the contradictions in India's defence policies. Are domestic manufacturers being sidelined by the import lobby? What does this reliance on foreign weapons mean for India's strategic autonomy? Shiv calls for a systemic shift towards supporting domestic innovation and reducing dependency on foreign suppliers, questioning why a nation that excels in complex engineering can't produce its own infantry rifles. Revisit our INS Arighat episode here:https://podcasts.indiatoday.in/politics-&-history/in-our-defence/indias-nuclear-saga-from-peace-to-power-in-our-defence-s02-ep-12-896714-2024-02-22 Produced by Anna Priydarshini Sound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

In the world of special operations, India is home to three elite forces: the Garud (Air Force), MARCOS (Navy), and Para SF (Army). Each unit has its own specialisation—Para SF excels in high-altitude, counter-insurgency, and surgical strikes; MARCOS are maritime experts; and Garud Commandos focus on airfield protection and counter-hijacking.In response to popular demand from our listeners, this episode delves into the Para SF, offering insights into their vital role in national security.Ever wondered what sets special forces apart from the regular army? How does Para SF work? What does their intense training look like? And what really happens during the 90-day probation period–a brutal challenge often considered a personal hell that pushes every recruit to its limits before earning the Balidan badge.Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor explore this while analysing how Indian Special Forces training compares internationally and what impact has the Armed Forces Special Operations Division (AFSOD) had on streamlining operations since its inception in 2019.The two also discuss how Special Forces personnel transition to regular army roles or civilian life, highlighting their adaptability, which is shaped by intense training and experience.Tune in to get a glimpse into the lives of those who operate in the shadows and beyond.Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

What exactly is air defence? At its core, it intercepts incoming aerial threats such as aircraft, drones, or missiles. But, achieving this requires sophisticated technology and coordination.So, why do you need a wide range of air missile systems? What different air defence systems do we have, and is the Russian-made S-400 system, hailed for its advanced capabilities and 450-kilometer range, our best?Host Dev Goswami and Shiv Aroor explain the concept, with Shiv elaborating on the country's multi-layered air defence, which consists of concentric protective circles with varying ranges and capabilities.The two look at the many surface-to-air based air defence systems that are operated by the Indian military and illustrate how the setup functions in real time. The episode also examines the complicated interplay between the Indian Army, Air Force and Navy when it comes to the command and control of these varied systems.Also on this episode is an unsparing examination of the unfortunate incident of an Indian air defence system shooting down the military’s own helicopter, leading the deaths of six Indian Air Force personnel and one civilian the day after the Balakot airstrike. What went wrong on that fateful day? This episode brings you the answers. Tune in!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

The skies over Sulur came alive with the launch of Exercise Tarang Shakti, India’s first multinational air exercise, on August 6 in Tamil Nadu. This significant event, the largest of its kind in India, is taking place in two phases: the first in Sulur from August 6 to 14 and the second in Jodhpur from August 29 to September 14.Ten countries, including Australia, France, Germany, and the USA, are participating with their aircraft, while 18 others are observing.But what exactly is an air exercise? Why is a multinational air exercise important? And why Sulur?Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor discuss how these exercises, designed to enhance coordination, teamwork, and operational readiness, are crucial in strengthening international relations and collective security. The participation of India’s Indigenous LCA Tejas, Mirage 2000, and Rafale jets highlights India’s defence capabilities, though delays have prevented the Tejas Mark 1A from being showcased.The duo also answers how profound the impact of such exercises is on India’s global standing and diplomatic influence.Listen in for an in-depth analysis!Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996!Revisit our episodes on:Tejas:https://podcasts.indiatoday.in/politics-&-history/in-our-defence/america-to-blame-for-tejas-delay-in-our-defence-s02-ep-31-1052148-2024-07-18HAL: https://podcasts.indiatoday.in/politics-&-history/in-our-defence/prachand-is-here-decoding-indias-light-combat-helicopter-mission-in-our-defence-s02-ep-27-1032522-2024-06-20Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

It’s been 25 years since the Kargil war. We delve into the factors behind India's victory and the major intelligence failures that caused the conflict. The critical lapse was the intelligence oversight that allowed Pakistani forces to occupy high positions unchallenged, particularly due to inadequate surveillance during winter months. We address pertinent questions: What major intelligence failures led to the Kargil War? How did young officers contribute to India's victory? What were the key recommendations of the Kargil Review Committee, and why were they not fully implemented? How can India improve its defence readiness based on lessons from the Kargil War? Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor analyse these points through personal experiences, factual recounting, and evaluations of military strategies and institutional reforms. They also discuss the Indian Air Force's operations during Operation Safed Sagar, highlighting the challenges of high altitude and the adaptation of Mirage aircraft with imported munitions. Listen in for an in-depth analysis! Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996! Produced by Anna Priydarshini Sound mix by Sachin Dwivedi

The Indian Navy’s INS Brahmaputra warship, docked at the Mumbai Dockyard for refitting, was overturned earlier this week under mysterious circumstances. What started with a fire on Sunday has led to significant damage and the disappearance of a sailor. With a Rear Admiral now probing the incident, what are the implications for the ship's future usability and the broader safety and maintenance of Indian naval vessels?Salvaging the Brahmaputra is a challenging and costly endeavour. But such incidents aren't entirely new to the Indian Navy. Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor outline a history of significant accidents in the past two decades, especially between 2013 and 2014, when a series of mishaps led to the resignation of then-Navy Chief Admiral DK Joshi.What challenges does the Navy face in maintaining assets in congested dockyard environments like Mumbai?The duo also discuss other naval mishaps involving the INS Chakra and INS Arihant, highlighting the difficulties of maintaining and operating complex naval machinery, especially nuclear submarines.Tune in as we review the Navy's safety record and the warship's future!Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Nitin Rawat

83 Tejas Mk-1A aircraft are awaiting American F404 engines, causing a 9-month delay and uncertainty over the indigenous fighter aircraft program. With rising concerns over delays, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) aims to deliver the first aircraft by August 15.Tejas Mark 1A program is a pivotal project for the IAF.But why the delay? Who is to blame?Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor explain how these delays stem from production bottlenecks, certification issues, and a U.S. angle affecting the delivery of GE F404 engines—essential components for these jets. The hosts discuss the impact on the IAF, which urgently needs these jets due to its depleting squadron strength and the imminent phasing out of MiG 21 squadrons.The duo also ponders whether "jugaad"—India's frugal innovation—suits defence, sharing when it's beneficial and when it falls short.This and more in the 31st episode of In Our Defence.Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Kapil Dev Singh

PM Modi was in Moscow this week, marking his first visit to Russia since the country invaded Ukraine in 2022. The hug between Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin caused a global stir, drawing particular ire from Western nations and Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor delve into the relationship between India and Russia, analysing how it has evolved over various Indian administrations. Looking at it more militarily, the defence duo answers why India heavily relies on Russian military equipment, detailing India's extensive inventory of Russian hardware, from Sukhoi jets and MiG series aircraft to T-90 and T-72 tanks. Russia’s cost-effective and reliable supplies have historically catered to India's defence needs. What do Russia and India gain from this alliance? Is Russian military equipment the best choice for India? What are the challenges India faces in reducing its reliance on Russian arms? Has the Ukraine war exposed vulnerabilities in Russian equipment, prompting India to seek alternatives? ‘India realised this a long time ago,’ says Shiv. So, what does the future hold for the India-Russia defence relationship? This and more in the 30th episode of In Our Defence. Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996! Produced by Anna Priydarshini Sound mix by Kapil Dev Singh  

India and France are negotiating a Rs 50,000-crore deal for 26 Rafale Marine (Rafale M) fighter jets. If finalised, these aircraft will be deployed on the Indian Navy's aircraft carriers, INS Vikrant and INS Vikramaditya. Why the Rafale M? The French Rafale M emerged as the frontrunner against its competitor, the American Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet. Why does the Navy need a new fighter jet? The Indian Navy’s current fleet, primarily composed of ageing Sukhoi jets, is becoming obsolete. This decline in capability is driving the urgent need for new, modern fighters. But how does the Rafale M differ from the IAF’s Rafale? Interestingly, the Rafale M predates the Air Force version. Despite this, France completed the delivery of all 36 Rafale jets to the Indian Air Force in December 2022, following a Rs 59,000-crore deal signed in September 2016. Why didn't the Navy and Air Force consolidate their orders together? A joint deal could have potentially reduced post-purchase costs. And why the repeated trials? If the government had already determined that the Rafale M was the best choice, why did they conduct another contest only to choose the same fighter jet again? We tackle these tough questions and more. Tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996! Produced by Anna Priydarshini Sound mix by Kapil Dev Singh

India and the United States are progressing in their discussions to collaboratively produce the latest generation of Stryker armoured infantry combat vehicles (ICVs).Initially, the project will involve a limited off-the-shelf acquisition of Strykers through the US Foreign Military Sales program. Subsequent phases will include joint production in India, culminating in the co-development of future versions.Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor discuss the American Stryker combat vehicles deal and the ICVs' battlefield applications. They raise the larger question: Does India need this deal? With private players like Mahindra, Tata, or Ashok Leyland, couldn't India build something similar, given that the Stryker ICVs have few exemplary specifications? “I am not saying that India can do better than the Stryker right now, but we sure can get close,” says Shiv. They also explore how a deal for armoured vehicles from the US might threaten the 'Make in India' initiative.Moreover, the Canadian aspect of the deal cannot be ignored amid the flared-up diplomatic tensions between India and Canada. How will this be factored in and pan out?Tune in to know more!Produced by Anna PriyadarshiniSound mix by Nitin Rawat