IntroVETS Podcast

Lauren and JJ continue to investigate a case of coughing and respiratory distress in a dog patient. Part 2 of 2. Resources: 1) Rothrock, K., Fingeroth, J. M., & Shell, L. (2021). Laryngeal paralysis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com. Last accessed 12/16/2024. 2) Marvel, S. (2019). Laryngeal paralysis: Diagnosis and step by step surgical management. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings 2019. 3) Rishniw, M., Sammarco, J., Glass, E. N., et al. (2021). Effect of doxepin on quality of life in Labradors with laryngeal paralysis: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1943-1949. 4) Findji, L. (2017). Treatment of laryngeal paralysis. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress Proceedings 2017. 5) Wilson, D., & Monnet, E. (2016). Risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia after unilateral arytenoid lateralization in dogs with laryngeal paralysis: 232 cases (1987-2012). Journal of the American Veteirnary Medical Association, 248(2), 188-194. 6) Bookbinder, L. C., Flanders, J., Bookbinder, P. F., et al. (2016). Idiopathic canine laryngeal paralysis as one sign of a diffuse polyneuropathy: An observational study of 90 cases (2007-2013). Veterinary Surgery, 45(2), 245-260.

In this 2-part case, Lauren and JJ investigate a case of difficulty breathing and coughing in a dog patient. This episode includes a review of aspiration pneumonia in the dog. Resources: * Rothrock, K., & Brister, J. (2021). Pneumonia (Canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com * Lee-Fowler, T., Reinero, C., & Greene, C. E. (2012). Bacterial respiratory infections. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 4th edition. St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier, pp 945-948. * Dear, J. D. (2020). Bacterial pneumonia in dogs and cats: An update. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 50(2), pp 447-465. * Kogan, D. A. (2008). Clinical, clinicopathologic, and radiographic findings in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 233(11), 1742-1747. * Tart, K. M., Babski, D. M., & Lee, A. L. (2010). Potential risks, prognositic indicators, and diagnostic and treatment modalities affective survival in dogs with presumptive aspiration pneumonia: 125 cases (2005-2008). Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(3), pp 319-329. * Weese, S. J. (2016). Antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings. * Lappin, M. R., Blondeau, J., Boothe, D., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Guardabassi, L., Lloyd, D. H., Papich, M. G., Rankin, S. C., Sykes, J. E., Turnidge, J., & Weese, J. S. (2017). Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: Antimicrobial guidelines working group of the international society of companion animal infecious diseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(2), pp 297-294. * Wayne, A., Davis, M., Sinnott, V. B., et al. (2017). Outcomes in dogs with uncomplicated presumptive bacterial pneumonia treated with short or long course antibiotics. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 58(6), 610-613. * Kogan, D. A., Johnson, L. R., Sturges, B. K., et al. (2008). Etiology and clinical outcome in dogs with aspiration pneumonia: 88 cases (2004-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 322(11), 1748-1755. * Darcy, H. P., Humm, K., & ter Harr, G. (2018). Retrospective analysis of incidence, clinical features, potential risk factors, and prognostic indicators for aspiration pneumonia in three brachycephalic dog breeds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(7), 869-876.

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, and distended abdomen in a cat. This episode is part 2 of 2. This episode contains a detailed review of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Resources: * Rothrock, K., & Brister, J. (2024). Feline infectious peritonitis (feline). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com * Coggins, S. J., et al. (2023). Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1772-1783. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16803 * Taylor, S. S., et al. (2023). Retrospective study and outcome of 307 cats with feline infectious peritonitis treated with legally sourced veterinary compounded preparations of remdesivir and GS-441524 (2020-2022). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 25(9). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1098612X231194460 * Wogan, L. (2024). Confusion besets first legal FIP treatment in us (updated). VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=11910939&sx=239128590&n=1&f5=1 * Wogan, L. (2024). Overdue good news arrives for FIP cats in the US. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12090343&f5=1 * FIP Resources for Veterinarians. Stokes Pharmacy. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.stokespharmacy.com/fip/veterinary-resources/ * Green, J., et al. (2023). Thirty-two cats with effusive or non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1784-1793. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16804 * Murphy, B. G., et al. (2018). The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Veterinary Microbiology, 219(0), 226-233. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113518301603?via%3Dihub * Pedersen, N. C., et al. (2019). Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(4), 271-281. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X19825701 * Kent, A. M., et al. (2024). Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(4), 489-497. https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/262/4/javma.23.08.0466.xml * Allinder, M., et al. (2024). Uroliths composed of antiviral compound GS-441524 in 2 cats undergoing treatment for feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 38(1), 370-374. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16954 * United States Food and Drug Administration. (2024). FDA announces position on use of compounded GS-441524 to treat FIP. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-announces-position-use-compounded-gs-441524-treat-fip

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, and distended abdomen in a cat. This episode is part 1 of 2. This episode contains a detailed review of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Resources: * Rothrock, K., & Brister, J. (2024). Feline infectious peritonitis (feline). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com * Coggins, S. J., et al. (2023). Outcomes of treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis using parenterally administered remdesivir, with or without transition to orally administered GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1772-1783. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16803 * Taylor, S. S., et al. (2023). Retrospective study and outcome of 307 cats with feline infectious peritonitis treated with legally sourced veterinary compounded preparations of remdesivir and GS-441524 (2020-2022). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 25(9). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1098612X231194460 * Wogan, L. (2024). Confusion besets first legal FIP treatment in us (updated). VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=11910939&sx=239128590&n=1&f5=1 * Wogan, L. (2024). Overdue good news arrives for FIP cats in the US. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=12090343&f5=1 * FIP Resources for Veterinarians. Stokes Pharmacy. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.stokespharmacy.com/fip/veterinary-resources/ * Green, J., et al. (2023). Thirty-two cats with effusive or non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS-441524. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(5), 1784-1793. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16804 * Murphy, B. G., et al. (2018). The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Veterinary Microbiology, 219(0), 226-233. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113518301603?via%3Dihub * Pedersen, N. C., et al. (2019). Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(4), 271-281. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098612X19825701 * Kent, A. M., et al. (2024). Unlicensed antiviral products used for the at-home treatment of feline infectious peritonitis contain GS-441524 at significantly different amounts than advertised. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 262(4), 489-497. https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/262/4/javma.23.08.0466.xml * Allinder, M., et al. (2024). Uroliths composed of antiviral compound GS-441524 in 2 cats undergoing treatment for feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 38(1), 370-374. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16954 * United States Food and Drug Administration. (2024). FDA announces position on use of compounded GS-441524 to treat FIP. Last accessed November 19, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-announces-position-use-compounded-gs-441524-treat-fip

Lauren and JJ discuss listeriosis, its impact on animals, and the implications for public health. Resources: * Picchi, A. BrucePac meat recall includes these foods from Trader Joe's, Kroger, and more: Here's a List. CBS News. October 21, 2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brucepac-recall-meat-poultry-listeria-trader-joes-kroger-usda-list/ * Listeria outbreak linked to meats sliced at delis. Centers for Disease Control. July 19, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/delimeats-7-24.html * Listeriosis (Human). Veterinary Information Network. January 1, 2004. www.vin.com * Symptoms of Listeria infection. Centers for Disease Control. August 8, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/signs-symptoms/index.html

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary neurologist Dr. Jill Narak to the podcast to discuss brain-eating and brain-hijacking (zombie!) diseases. Resources: * IMDB entry for The Return of the Living Dead (1985), directed by Dan O'Bannon: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0089907/ * Behavior-altering parasites, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior-alteringparasite * Naegleria fowleri infection, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Echinococcosis, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html * Siyadatpanah, A., et al. Cerebral cystic echinococcosis (2020). Case reports in infectious diseases. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7066420/ * Heyward, G. The zombie fungus from 'The Last of Us' is real - but not nearly as deadly (2023), NPR, last accessed 10/26/24: https://www.npr.org/2023/01/30/1151868673/the-last-of-us-cordyceps-zombie-fungus-real# * Flegr, J. Effects of _Toxoplasma on human behavior (2007). Schizophrenia bulletin, 33(3): 757-760. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2526142/ * Adebiyi, O. E., et al. Neurocognitive domains and neuropathological changes in experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Wister rats (2021). Heliyon, 7(11). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8571699/ * Alvarado-Esquivel. Toxocara infection in psychiatric inpatients: A case control seroprevalence study (2013). PLoS One, 8(4). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633879/ * Horsehair worm. The Wildlife Trusts, accessed 10/26/24. https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/marine/worms/horsehair-worm# * Gasque, S. N., et al. Where the baculoviruses lead, the caterpillars follow: baculovirus-induced alterations in caterpillar behavior (2019). Current opinion in insect science, 33: 30-36. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214574518300841# * Clinical Overview of Rabies, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html * Zombie, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie Special Guest: Jill Narak.

Lauren and JJ wrap up season 4 of the podcast with holiday cheer, a pooptastrophe, and a few heartwarming animal stories.

Lauren and JJ present the 12 days of Christmas, veterinary ER-style! References: (1) Hanson, K. R., et al. (2021). Effect of prazosin on feline recurrent urethral obstruction. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(12), 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211001283 (2) Conway, D. S., et al. (2022). Prazosin administration increases the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats: 388 cases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(S2), S7-S11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0469 (3) Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody. Elanco. https://my.elanco.com/us/parvovirus Last accessed 12/12/23. (4) Nolen, R. S. (2023). Making sense of the mystery illness found across the US: Experts offer insights into canine infectious respiratory disease complex and other underlying factors. https://www.avma.org/news/making-sense-mystery-illness-found-across-us Last accessed 12/12/23. (5) Crowley, K. (2023). New data shows dog respiratory illness up in Canada, Nevada: Experts say treat it like a human cold. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/02/canada-nevada-mysterious-dog-illness/71767353007/ Last accessed 12/12/23. (6) Silva, D. D., et al. (2021). Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 74(1), 106525. (7) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2023). Canine pyometra: A short review of current advances. Animals, 13(21), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213310 (8) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2022). Transmission of Escherichia coli causing pyometra between two female dogs. Microorganisms, 10(2), 2465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122465 (9) Duffy, D. L., et al. (2008). Breed differences in canine aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114(3-4), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006 (10) Kelly, R. (2023). Doubts arise over treating dog diarrhea with antibiotics. VIN News Service. www.vin.com Last accessed 12/12/23.

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: What can managers do to improve morale and staff cohesion without stepping on toes? How can an employee let her boss know that their clinic's dress code policies are outdated and that it's negatively impacting the hiring process?

Lauren and JJ discuss emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills, plus make plans for the holiday episode! Please note that at the time of this recording neither Lauren nor JJ are licensed mental health providers. This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute therapy. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out to a licensed therapist in your area. Note that dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a type of therapy referenced in this episode, was developed by Marsha Linehan. Learn more here: https://dbt-lbc.org/ References: (1) Rosenhaft, A. The dialectical behavior therapy skills I still use today. Psychology Today. Posted January 24, 2023. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/from-both-sides-of-the-couch/202301/the-dialectical-behavior-therapy-skills-i-still-use-today (2) Crossfield, A. How to tolerate emotional distress. Psychology Today. Posted March 23, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotionally-healthy-teens/202003/how-tolerate-emotional-distress (3) Moore, M. 4 DBT skills for everyday challenges. PsychCentral. Last updated July 7, 2022. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://psychcentral.com/health/dbt-skills-therapy-techniques (4) Rosenthal, J. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) distress tolerance skills: TIPP [sic] skills. Manhattan Psychology Group. Date of writing/ posting not indicated. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://manhattanpsychologygroup.com/dbt-tipp-skills/ (5) Robinson, B. E. The 90-second rule that builds self-control. Psychology Today. Posted April 26, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-right-mindset/202004/the-90-second-rule-builds-self-control Resources: (1) Use the Psychology Today therapist finder to locate a DBT practitioner in your area: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/dialectical-dbt (2) DBTselfhelp.com is a free resource containing a lot of information about distress tolerance and emotional regulation skills: https://dbtselfhelp.com/ (3) Visit the DBT website for free skills information: https://dialecticalbehaviortherapy.com/

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: When is it appropriate to cry while attending a patient's euthanasia? How can you cope with the uneducated veterinary opinions of friends and family members?

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of vomiting and bloody diarrhea in a dog. This episode includes a detailed review of canine pancreatitis. References: (1) Kirby, R., & Linklater, A. (2016). Monitoring and intervention for the critically ill small animal: The rule of 20. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI:10.1002/9781118923870 (2) Ceva News. (2023). Panoquell-CA1 (fuzapladib sodium for injection) is now available in the U.S. https://www.ceva.us/News-Media/News-Releases-Articles-About-Ceva/PANOQUELL-R-CA1-fuzapladib-sodium-for-injection-is-now-available-in-the-U.S (3) Byers, C. G. (2022). Practical management of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Proceedings from the Fetch DVM360 Conference. (4) Pancreatitis (canine). Veteirnary Information Network. Last updated by Rothrock, K. on June 12, 2020. www.vin.com

Lauren and JJ provide important clinical updates about a new device to aid in pain detection in animal patients and a new medication for feline diabetes mellitus! Resources: (1) Information about the PainTrace multi-species neurobiosignal actionable outcome measure test from the manufacturer: https://paintrace.com/investigators/ (2) Product label for Bexacat (bexagliflozin), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor: https://www.elancolabels.com/us/bexacat (3) FDA approves first oral treatment for cats with diabetes mellitus. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022). https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-cats-diabetes-mellitus (4) Heavyweight podcast: https://gimletmedia.com/shows/heavyweight/episodes (5) The Retrievals podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-retrievals/id1691599042

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of retching and anxiety in a dog patient. This episode includes a review of gastric dilatation and volvulus in the dog. References: (1)Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last upadated 8/4/22 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com (2) Rudloff, E. (2022). A review of GDV. Proceedings of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Spring Symposium.

Lauren and JJ continue the series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks with an episode about xylitol toxicity in dogs. References: (1) Xylitol toxicosis (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last updated by Galles, B. in July 2023. www.vin.com

For this year's Howloween Spooktacular, Lauren and JJ discuss premature burial. References: (1) Premature burial. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prematureburial (2) Safety coffin. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safetycoffin (3) Lady with the ring. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladywiththe_Ring

Next in our series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks is tremorgenic mycotoxicosis! Specific mycotoxins discussed in today's episode include: (1) Penitrem A, which is the most clinically significant tremorgenic mycotoxin in dogs and is produced by Penicillium crustosum (2) Roquefortine C, which is primarily produced by Penicillium roqueforti; note that there is a harmless version of roquefortine C which is used in the production of roquefort cheese (3) Verruculogen, which is associated with spoiled meats References: (1) Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated by Galles, B on 10/10/23. www.vin.com (2) Eriksen GS, Bernhoft A, Rundberget T, et al: Poisoning of dogs with tremorgenic Penicillium toxins. Med Mycol 2010 Vol 48 (1) pp. 188-96. (3) Puschner B: Penitrem A and roquefortine. In: Plumlee KH (ed): Clinical Veterinary Toxicology Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2004 pp. 258-59 (4) Hayes AW, Presley DB, Neville JA: Acute toxicity of penitrem A in dogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976 Vol 35 (2) pp. 311-20.

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of a strange facial expression and stiff gait in a dog patient. This episode contains an in-depth review of tetanus. References: (1) Tetanus (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated 9/11/23 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com (2) Popoff MR. Tetanus in animals. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2020 Mar;32(2):184-191. doi: 10.1177/1040638720906814. (3) Ives, E. (2014). Tetanus in dogs: Clinical signs and management. Vet Times. https://www.vettimes.co.uk

In the latest installment of "Snackisodes on Dangerous Snacks," Lauren and JJ discuss anticoagulant rodenticides. First generation anticoagulants referenced include warfarin, chlorphacinone, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, diphacinone, fumarin, pindone, and valone. Second generation anticoagulants referenced include brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone, and difenacoum. References: (1) Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. VINcyclopedia of Diseases. Last updated by Brister, J. on 6/5/2021. www.vin.com

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinarian Dr. Shelby Agnew back to the podcast to investigate a case of lethargy and difficulty breathing in a Doberman pinscher. This episode includes a review of dilated cardiomyopathy in the dog. References: (1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated: Galles, B. January 2023. www.vin.com (2) Summerfield, N. J., Boswood, A., O'Grady, M. R., et al. (2012). Efficacy of pimobendan in the prevention of congestive heart failure or sudden death in doberman pinschers with preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy: The PROTECT study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(6), 1337-1349. (3) Wess, G. (2022). Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 40(1), 51-68. Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.