Midrats

Waves of different groups seeking new homes from east and west have arrived and disappeared on Greenland’s hostile shores for thousands of years. In the modern era of nation states, it is Greenland’s unique location and potential resources that are drawing attention once again as her strategic position once again brings her to the front.Today’s Midrats Podcast is going to start there with our guest, Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan.We will kick off with her latest book as a touchstone to our conversation, So You Want to Own Greenland?: Lessons from the Vikings to Trump.Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan is a senior fellow with the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and an expert associate of the French Ministry of Armed Forces’ Institute for Strategic Research. Most recently she was Head of Research for the Royal Australian Navy (Department of Defence). Dr Buchanan is co-founder of the polar warfare program (Project 6633) at the Modern War Institute of the West Point Military Academy. Before joining Australia’s Defence Department, Dr. Buchanan was Lecturer of Strategic Studies for the Defence and Strategic Studies Course at the Australian War College. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. in Russian Arctic Strategy and completed her post-doctoral studies as a Maritime Fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome. She has published widely on geopolitics, most recently with Australian Foreign Affairs, International Affairs, War on the Rocks, Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs, The Australian, and The American Conservative. Dr. Buchanan has been a Visiting Scholar with the Brookings Institution and was an analyst with Royal Dutch Shell. Elizabeth has three published books:: Russian Energy Strategy in Asia and Red Arctic: Russian Arctic Strategy under Putin. In addition to, So you want to own Greenland, she also has an upcoming book, Competitive Cooperation at the Ends of the Earth.Show LinksSo You Want to Own Greenland?: Lessons from the Vikings to Trump, by Elizabeth BuchananAustralia must pivot to ‘pit-stop power’ for AUKUS to work, by Elizabeth BuchananChina's parade of military might raises big questions about the AUKUS muddle, by Laura TingleEpisode 708: The Icebreaker Imperative, with Peter RybskiBering Strait TunnelSummaryIn this episode of Midrats, Dr. Elizabeth Buchanan discusses her book on Greenland's strategic importance, the historical context of U.S.-Greenland relations, and the implications of China's growing influence in the Arctic and Antarctic. The conversation explores Denmark's role in Greenland's future, the challenges of independence, and the significance of AUKUS in the context of U.S.-Australia relations. The discussion emphasizes the need for a strategic approach to the polar regions amidst great power competition.TakeawaysThe U.S. has a long-standing interest in Greenland, dating back to WWII.Denmark's control over Greenland is complicated by post-colonial dynamics.China's presence in the Arctic is growing and poses a challenge to U.S. interests.Australia's role in AUKUS is as a 'pit stop power' for U.S. submarines.The future of Greenland may hinge on its independence from Denmark.Public perception of Greenland's relationship with the U.S. is often disingenuous.The Arctic is becoming a global commons, complicating international relations.Australia faces challenges in defending its vast territory against Chinese encroachment.The U.S. needs to adapt its strategy to the changing dynamics in the Arctic and Antarctic.Chapters00:00: Introduction01:41: Exploring Greenland's Strategic Importance05:44: Historical Context of Greenland and U.S. Relations12:14: Greenland's Future and Independence16:42: Denmark's Role and Challenges21:30: China's Influence in the Arctic and Antarctic29:13: Great Power Competition in the Polar Regions34:44: AUKUS and Australia's Strategic Position41:15: Future of U.S.-Australia Relations

This summer, the fourth summer of the Russo-Ukrainian War that started in the winter of 2022, we find the first serious and determined effort towards a genuine negotiation to end this grinding war in Eastern Europe.The experiences and lessons of this war aren’t only changing how nations throughout the world prepare for their next war, it has forced even greater changes on both combatants how they fight now and plan structuring their national defense post-war.Returning to Midrats again to discuss this and related issues is Dr. Dmitry Gorenburg, a Senior Research Scientist in the Strategy, Policy, Plans, and Programs division of CNA, where he has worked since 2000. Dr. Gorenburg is an associate at the Harvard University Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and previously served as Executive Director of the American Association of the Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS). His research interests include security issues in the former Soviet Union, Russian military reform, Russian foreign policy, and ethnic politics and identity. Dr. Gorenburg is author of Nationalism for the Masses: Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation (Cambridge University Press, 2003), and has been published in journals such as World Politics and Post-Soviet Affairs. He currently serves as editor of Problems of Post-Communism and was also editor of Russian Politics and Law from 2009 to 2016. Dr. Gorenburg received a B.A. in international relations from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University.Show LinksInside Russia’s Shadow Military Sustaining the War, by Mariya Y. OmelichevaIndia’s Ministry of External Affairs letter of 04 August 2025.Center for Naval Analysis (CNA) Analysis papers.Russian Military Reform BlogSummaryIn this episode of the Midrats Podcast, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict is explored in depth, focusing on the initial misjudgments about the war's duration, the societal costs for Russia, and the regional disparities in the impact of the war. The conversation also delves into recruitment strategies, the role of paramilitary forces, economic pressures, and the dynamics within NATO. Additionally, military reforms, the influence of drones on warfare, and international support for Russia's military efforts are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of the conflict and its broader implications.TakeawaysThe initial belief was that Russia would win quickly.The price of repression in Russia has increased significantly.Recruitment for the war is more successful in rural areas.The narrative has shifted to a defensive stance against the West.Paramilitary forces were initially relied upon due to manpower shortages.The Russian economy has held up better than expected despite sanctions.Drones have made battlefields more static and less mobile.Russia is undergoing military reforms to adapt to the ongoing conflict.The North-South divide in NATO influences regional support for Ukraine.Russia's GDP is lower than that of Texas, highlighting economic challenges.Chapters00:00: Intro to the Ongoing Russia-Ukraine Conflict05:34: Initial Misjudgments and Long-Term Perspectives08:31: The Price of War on Russian Society12:11: Regional Disparities in Russia's War Impact16:38: Shifting Narratives and Recruitment Strategies20:28: The Role of Paramilitary Forces24:52: Economic Pressures and Negotiation Prospects30:12: Russia's War Economy and International Trade31:16: Military Reforms and Logistics Improvements38:50: The Impact of Drones on Warfare54:34: International Support and Drone Development56:25: NATO Dynamics and Eastern European Politics

There is no better way to stay out of the summer heat than to take an hour to join us for a Midrats Podcast melee!SummaryIn this episode of Midrats, hosts discuss a range of topics related to maritime and national security, including the importance of civil discourse in political discussions, Australia's acquisition of Japanese frigates, cybersecurity threats, and the geopolitical tensions in the Arctic and Antarctic. They emphasize the need for strong diplomatic efforts and the role of NATO in ensuring security in Europe and beyond.Show LinksInsults towards Medal of Honor recipient Florent GrobergAustralia selects Japanese Mogami frigateTrans-Caspian International Transport Route (AKA Middle Corridor)PRC Students in the USAThe China Defence Universities Tracker, Australian Strategic Policy InstituteBritish and U.S. F-35Bs Land on Japan’s JS KagaTakeawaysThe importance of civil discourse in political discussions.Patriotism should not be questioned based on political affiliations.Australia's acquisition of Japanese frigates signifies strong defense ties.Japan's military capabilities are highly regarded in the Pacific.Supply chain integrity is crucial for national security.Cybersecurity threats from foreign nations are increasing.Geopolitical tensions in the Arctic are rising due to China's claims.Diplomatic efforts can lead to conflict resolution in various regions.The U.S. has a significant role in international peacekeeping efforts.NATO's future is intertwined with the security of its member states.Chapters00:00: Introduction to the Melee Discussion02:03: Patriotism and Political Discourse13:22: Australia's Naval Developments19:14: The Role of Japan in Defense22:07: Supply Chain and Manufacturing Concerns23:39: Cybersecurity and National Security Risks35:14: Geopolitical Tensions in the Arctic and Antarctic48:07: Diplomatic Efforts and Conflict Resolution53:23: The Future of NATO and European Security

Show LinksNavy’s Plan for Unmanned SystemsDepartment of Crazy Ideas: How about a cheap inshore fleet? Mark Tempest, 2009.Buy Fords, Not Ferraris, Jerry Hendrix, 2008Droning on About Drones, CDR Salamander, 2013Building the Navy’s Hybrid Fleet, Lieutenant Commander Jack Rowley, Proceedings, July 2025.The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, Robert A. HeinleinThe Mote in God’s Eye, Larry Niven and Jerry PournelleBenjamin Kohlmann, Nominated for Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve AffairsJohn Lewis-class replenishment oilerCleo Paskal on XA Death in the Pacific, CDR Salamander, July 2025Rods From GodAustria Ponders NATOSummaryIn this episode of Midrats, the hosts discuss the current state of the U.S. Navy, starting with the new Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the challenges he faces in balancing operational needs with budget constraints. They explore the importance of shipbuilding and naval readiness, innovations in technology such as modular attack surface craft, and the role of autonomous systems in enhancing operational capabilities. The conversation also touches on economic considerations in naval strategy, the potential for space-based systems, and the significance of recruitment and training for future naval forces. Additionally, the hosts discuss the role of the Naval Reserve, political dynamics in naval appointments, logistical challenges, and geopolitical considerations in the Pacific, concluding with thoughts on NATO's future and the potential inclusion of Austria.Chapters00:00: Introduction02:05: New CNO and Navy Leadership Challenges04:57: Shipbuilding and Naval Readiness09:43: Modular Attack Surface Craft, Drones, and Innovation16:15: Autonomous Systems and Experimentation19:23: Risk Management via Distributed Risk21:32: Economic Considerations in Naval Strategy22:55: Rods from God: Now More Than Ever30:18: The Role of the Naval Reserve33:50: Political Appointments and Their Impact36:22: More Oilers, Faster47:28: Saipan, and Geopolitical Considerations in the Pacific52:52: Austria’s future of NATO?01:01:46: Conclusion and Recommendations

On today’s Midrats, we have returning guest Craig Whiteside and his co-author Ian C. Rice joining us to discuss one of the nightmares we all have in the new book coming out this month. He co-authored it with Ian Rice, Non-state Special Operations: Capabilities and Effects.From the abstract:Building on previous research on Islamic State special operations, the book develops a theoretical framework surrounding a typology of VNSA (militants, proxies, criminal/cults, and mercenaries) to explore variations of non-state special operations, with multiple cases for each category of actor. Understanding when and why VNSA use special operations provides insights into the inner workings of such groups and how they campaign, and also has implications for the proliferation of special operation forces around the globe and its influence on non-state behaviour. This volume contributes to research on the recent trend of non-state actors surprising, and in some cases humiliating, their state opponents.Craig is Professor of National Security Affairs at the US Naval War College resident program at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. He is the co-author of The ISIS Reader: Milestone Texts of the Islamic State Movement (2020). He has a PhD in Political Science from Washington State University and is a former U.S. Army infantry officer.His coauthor Ian is an adjunct Senior Lecturer in the Department of Defense Analysis, Naval Postgraduate School, adjunct faculty member with the College of Distance Education, USMC University, and a guest lecturer with the Royal Danish Defence College. He is a retired U.S. Army officer who served with special operations forces.Show LinksNon-state Special Operations: Capabilities and Effects, by Craig Whiteside and Ian Rice.Operation ChariotDefeat Into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942-1945, Field-Marshal Viscount William SlimSummaryIn this episode of Midrats, hosts discuss the complexities of non-state special operations with authors Craig Whiteside and Ian Rice. They delve into the historical context, defining characteristics, and implications of special operations conducted by non-state actors. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the motivations and strategies of these actors, as well as the challenges they pose to state actors. The authors share insights from their new book, exploring the evolution of non-state operations and the need for a nuanced approach to countering them.TakeawaysSpecial operations are defined as tactical actions designed to achieve outsized effects.Historical examples illustrate the long-standing use of special operations by non-state actors.Understanding the typology of non-state actors is crucial for effective analysis and response.Prison breakouts are a common tactic used by non-state actors to regain manpower.Cults and criminal groups can also engage in special operations, often driven by self-interest.Not all terrorist acts qualify as special operations; criteria must be applied to distinguish them.The opportunity cost of special operations can be significant for both state and non-state actors.Mercenaries have a unique role in conducting special operations, particularly in coups.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Non-State Special Operations02:15: Genesis of the Book and Collaboration05:49: Defining Special Operations08:43: Historical Context of Non-State Actors11:36: Analyzing Non-State Actors18:13: Understanding the Typology of Non-State Actors23:42: Criteria for Special Operations28:45: Prison Breakouts as a Tactic32:13: Cults and Criminal Groups in Special Operations36:53: Distinguishing Terrorism from Special Operations43:26: The Cost of Special Operations49:13: Mercenaries and Coups52:08: Mindset of Special Operations58:47: Implications for Future Operations

Take a break from the heat today to discuss some of the hidden history, and importance, of the Presidential retreat at Camp David with the author of the book, Presidential Seclusion: The Power of Camp David, Charles Ferguson.After graduating from Georgia Tech and earning his commission, Charles Ferguson served for 11 years in the Submarine force onboard the USS Louisville and as Weapons Officer onboard USS Buffalo with a shore duty at Nuclear Power School in between. He switched to the IRR as Chaplain Candidate while attending seminary at Duke Divinity School and was recommissioned as an Active Duty Chaplain in 2010. As a chaplain he has served with both Navy and Marine Corps commands to include three and a half years as the Chaplain and Historian at Camp David.ShowlinkPresidential Seclusion: The Power of Camp DavidSummaryThis conversation explores the historical significance and operational dynamics of the Presidential retreat of Camp David. The discussion highlights its origins, the Navy's role in its management, and the unique environment it provides for presidents to make critical decisions. The conversation also delves into the architectural design that facilitates diplomacy, notable guests who have visited, and the personal touches each president has added to the retreat. Additionally, the role of the chaplain and the supportive relationship with the local community are examined, emphasizing the importance of solitude for leaders in high-pressure positions.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Camp David's Significance05:35: The Navy's Role in Camp David's History10:27: Becoming the Chaplain and Historian at Camp David15:22: The Origins and Transformation of Camp David20:38: The Impact of Camp David on Presidential Decisions29:15: Notable Guests and Diplomatic Encounters at Camp David30:53: Architectural Diplomacy at Camp David34:20: Presidential Modifications and Personal Touches38:04: The Origin of Camp David's Name40:58: Management and Operations at Camp David43:13: The Role of the Chaplain45:25: The Solitude of Leadership49:32: Community Interactions and Local Support53:22: Memorable Moments and Staff Contributions58:14: The Importance of Setting Conditions for Peace01:00: Future Projects and Closing Thoughts

Show LinkInfantryDort’s comment mentioned at start of the showSummaryThe conversation explores the themes of cultural assimilation, national identity, freedom of speech, and the challenges of civil discourse in contemporary society. The hosts discuss the implications of cultural integration on national security and the importance of leadership in fostering a healthy societal environment. They reflect on the historical context of civil rights movements and the need for a national conversation about current societal issues, emphasizing the value of freedom and the responsibilities that come with it.Chapters00:00: Introduction02:00: Cultural Assimilation and National Identity09:42: Challenges of Assimilation and Cultural Clashes14:47: Freedom of Speech and Its Boundaries20:31: The Role of Universities in Civil Discourse28:15: Historical Context of Civil Rights and Current Issues37:49: Protests and Civil Disobedience47:53: National Security and Military Readiness

What can the world’s most capable maritime and aerospace power do?The world was reminded this weekend.There is no other place this week’s Midrats could start but the strikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities.SummaryThe conversation delves into the recent Operation Midnight Hammer, discussing its implications for U.S.-Iran relations, the threat of Iranian retaliation, and the strategic military operations involved. The hosts analyze the historical context of U.S.-Iran tensions, the effectiveness of military responses, and the broader geopolitical landscape, including the role of international relations and domestic political reactions. They also touch on naval operations, fleet readiness, and the evolving nature of mine warfare in modern military strategy.Chapters00:00: Operation Midnight Hammer: A Historic Overview05:31: Iran's Nuclear Ambitions and U.S. Response12:03: The Threat of Iranian Retaliation18:03: Military Capabilities and Strategic Operations23:09: The Role of International Relations29:09: Domestic Reactions and Political Implications35:08: The Future of U.S.-Iran Relations41:45: Naval Operations and Fleet Readiness48:04: Mine Warfare and Modern Naval Strategy54:47: Concluding Thoughts on Military Success and Future Challenges

Today we’re going to take a friend’s Substack post and turn it into one of the best podcast hours you’ll have this summer…and maybe give you some ideas about books you need to take with you for the July 4th weekend.From Claude’s May 23rd Substack:From the gun decks of HMS Indefatigable to the command chair of a futuristic starship, the portrayal of naval officers in fiction has evolved alongside society's changing views of leadership, warfare, and heroism. The archetype of the naval officer has been shaped not only by historical precedent but also by the imaginative needs of authors responding to their times.Show Links:The Fictional Officer Corps: From Hornblower to Stark, by Claude BerubeThe Connor Stark novels and other books, by Claude BerubeThe Hornblower Series, by C. S. ForesterAubrey/Maturin Novels, by Patrick O'BrianThe Caine Mutiny, by Herman WoukStar Trek: The Original SeriesRun Silent, Run Deep, by Edward L. BeachHonor Harrington Series, by David WeberThe Winds of War, by Herman WoukMister Roberts, by Thomas HeggenWicked, by Gregory MaguireStar Wars’ Boba FettP.T. DeutermanMary CelesteSummaryIn this episode of Midrats, Sal, Mark, and Claude Berube discuss the evolution of naval fiction and its impact on leadership. They explore how naval characters in literature reflect societal changes and the complexities of leadership in both historical and modern contexts. The conversation delves into moral dilemmas faced by leaders, the significance of character development, and the challenges of internal rivalries within naval settings. Additionally, they touch on the importance of historical accuracy in fiction and the future of naval literature in a rapidly changing world.TakeawaysFiction serves as a unique tool for exploring leadership.Naval characters in literature evolve with societal changes.Moral dilemmas are central to understanding leadership.Internal rivalries can challenge leadership effectiveness.Historical accuracy enhances the depth of naval stories.The readership among young people is declining.Stories about the human condition resonate deeply with readers.The future of naval literature faces uncertainties.Understanding the past is essential for shaping future narratives.Chapters00:00: Introduction to the Conversation02:00: The Evolution of Naval Fiction04:03: Character Development in Naval Literature13:55: Leadership and Command in Fiction20:36: Moral Dilemmas in Naval Leadership25:40: The Future of Naval Literature28:46: The Evolution of Heroism at Sea31:06: Leadership Dynamics in Fiction and Reality35:27: Character Studies in Leadership41:02: Navigating Internal Rivalries46:24: The Changing Landscape of Naval Literature

Mark and I are back from most of May taking care of business!Time for a MIDRATS!Show LinksPentagon chief tells Asian allies: Raise defence spending to 5% of GDP like EuropeTom Shugart post on PRC ship in Norfolk, from APR 20241980s Strategic Homeporting InitiativeClaude Berube on OSS developing deep strike drone boats against Japanese bridges and tunnels in WW2Operation PigeonBat bombsThe Atlantic on Who Killed America’s Shipbuilding Industry?Korean Shipyard ModernizationNavy Secretary "Shocked and Dismayed" at Condition of Base Housing on GuamSummaryIn this episode, Sal and Mark discuss the latest developments in the Russia-Ukraine War, focusing on Ukraine's innovative strategies and the implications for modern warfare. They explore the role of AI in military operations, the importance of strategic home porting, and the vulnerabilities in military infrastructure. The conversation also touches on the future of U.S. defense spending and the need to revitalize America's shipbuilding industry.TakeawaysThe Ukraine conflict has highlighted innovative military strategies.AI is becoming increasingly integrated into modern warfare.Strategic home porting is essential for national security.Military infrastructure vulnerabilities need urgent attention.Dispersing military assets can reduce risk in conflict scenarios.Revitalizing shipbuilding is crucial for military readiness.Simplifying the acquisition process can enhance military capabilities.Caring for military personnel is a priority for effective defense.Lessons from Ukraine can inform future military strategies.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Overview of Current Events02:11: Analysis of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict06:35: Technological Advancements in Warfare12:18: Strategic Homeporting and Military Vulnerabilities18:42: Lessons from Historical Military Engagements24:51: Infrastructure and Operational Challenges32:09: Rebuilding Naval Bases and Infrastructure34:39: Hardening National Defense and Infrastructure36:08: Geopolitical Concerns: China and Russia40:18: Shipbuilding Industry Challenges and Innovations46:13: Defense Spending and Budget Allocation50:36: Leadership and Accountability in Defense Programs53:32: The Future of Warfare and Military Strategy

The People’s Republic of China continues to expand its already well-established contestation of ownership, access, and control of ports throughout the world.They have done this in parallel with building the world’s largest navy and a diverse set of military capabilities clearly designed with one purpose—defeating the U.S. military in the Indo-Pacific.Returning to Midrats to discuss this and related topics is be T. X. Hammes.T.X. is a distinguished research fellow at the Center for Strategic Research, National Defense University. He served 30 years in the U.S. Marine Corps.Show LinksChina’s exploitation of overseas ports and basesKratos XQ-58 ValkyrieAres anti-ship cruise missileTyphonMWI Podcast: The Future Battlefield, from Europe to the Indo-PacificThe Eastern FrontSummaryIn this conversation, Sal, Mark, and T.X. Hammes discuss the implications of China's global expansion, particularly its military strategy and naval capabilities. They explore how China is leveraging its control over ports and logistics to challenge U.S. dominance in the Indo-Pacific. The discussion also delves into operational planning assumptions for potential conflict with China, the historical context of long wars, and the challenges facing U.S. military readiness. Innovative solutions for naval warfare, the importance of economic exhaustion and sea control, and the role of mines in modern warfare are also examined. The conversation concludes with thoughts on the future of military technology and the potential for leveraging civilian resources in military operations.TakeawaysChina's global expansion poses significant challenges to U.S. interests.The U.S. Navy must adapt to China's growing naval capabilities.China's unconventional use of ports can disrupt global trade.Long wars are historically common between healthy powers.U.S. military readiness is not sufficient for a prolonged conflict.Innovative solutions like missile barges could enhance naval warfare.Economic exhaustion is a critical factor in long-term conflicts.Mines could play a crucial role in modern naval strategy.The focus should shift from platforms to payloads in military planning.Leveraging civilian resources can enhance military capabilities.Chapters00:00: Introduction to China's Global Expansion02:36: China's Naval Capabilities and Strategic Ports10:42: Planning Assumptions for Potential Conflict21:29: Control of the Sea and Economic Exhaustion30:26: Utilizing Merchant Ships in Warfare33:27: Investing in Future Military Technologies35:44: Innovative Solutions for Pacific Defense40:11: The Role of Unmanned Systems in Modern Warfare42:57: Lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War44:59: Adapting Combined Arms for Modern Conflicts48:44: The Importance of Flexibility in Naval Operations53:10: Building a Resilient Merchant Fleet55:57: Exploring New Strategies for Warfare01:00:50: Future Directions in Military Strategy

With each new administration, there is opportunity for change and reform. In the new Trump Administration, reform isn’t seen as a secondary effect of a leadership change but as a requirement.What reform options should the new Pentagon leadership explore under the Trump Administration?Joining us to discuss this and related topics is Gary Anderson, Colonel, USMC (Ret.). A starting point for our conversation will be his recent article in The American Spectator, Real Military Reform Begins: Will Pete Hegseth be able to reverse our military’s decline.Gary retired as the chief of staff of the Marine Corps Warfighting Lab. He served as a special adviser to the deputy secretary of defense. He is an adjunct professor at George Washington University.SummaryIn this episode, Sal and Mark engage with Gary Anderson to discuss the current state of America's military, focusing on the need for reform and the implications of the Goldwater-Nichols Act. They explore the challenges facing the Marine Corps and Navy, the importance of revitalizing the defense industrial base, and the recent uptick in military morale and recruitment. The conversation also critiques the Force Design 2030 initiative and emphasizes the need for a more effective military education system and logistics support.TakeawaysAmerica's military has been adrift for some time.The rot in military effectiveness goes back decades.The Goldwater-Nichols Act has had unintended consequences.Careerism and ticket-punching are detrimental to military readiness.Morale among military personnel is currently high.The defense industrial base needs revitalization to keep up with adversaries.Military education has shifted focus away from essential warfighting skills.Logistics has been neglected in recent military operations.War games should not be used to validate military concepts without scrutiny.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Military Reform and Change02:35: The State of America's Military10:42: Challenges in Military Education and Careerism18:36: The Need for Honest Feedback in Military Leadership26:16: Revitalizing the Defense Industrial Base29:15: Addressing the Crisis in Submarine Maintenance32:12: Revitalizing the Fleet: Innovative Solutions for Shipbuilding36:18: The Drone Dilemma: Quality vs. Quantity in Warfare41:04: Logistics in Modern Warfare: Lessons from the Past45:17: Morale in the Military: A Shift in Attitude51:15: Leadership Changes: Navigating New Directions54:00: Accountability in Military Decisions: The Need for Integrity58:44: War Games and Military Strategy: The Importance of Honest Analysis

Many frustrated by the perceived lack of understanding of our nation’s maritime heritage requirements want new leaders with fresh ideas, unburdened by legacy entanglements. It is hoped that a younger cohort with military experience, preferably naval, in the House of Representatives and the Senate who bring to the job an additional background in business and industry will emerge to promote constructive change.Today’s guest fits the bill perfectly: the new Senator from Montana, Senator Tim Sheehy.Tim Sheehy is a father, husband, combat veteran, patriot, and an entrepreneur. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy class of 2008 with a B.S. in History, Tim completed several deployments and hundreds of missions as a US Navy SEAL Officer and Team Leader, deploying to Iraq, Afghanistan, South America, and the Pacific region. Tim was honored to serve alongside many American heroes and was involved in dozens of engagements with enemy forces, earning him multiple combat decorations. Additionally, Tim completed a joint tour with Army Special Operations forces where he was privileged to complete US Army Ranger School and serve alongside the 5th Special Forces Group, 75th Ranger Regiment and other units within US Army Special Operations Command.Tim completed his active duty service as a mini submarine pilot and navigator specializing in sensitive undersea operations. After his active duty service, Tim fulfilled reserve duty as a recruiter and assessor for future naval officers. Tim was honorably discharged from the Naval Reserve in 2019.In 2014, Tim founded Belgrade-based Bridger Aerospace with all of his savings and an all-veteran team. Under his leadership, Bridger Aerospace and its sister company, Ascent Vision Technologies experienced rapid growth and created hundreds of Montana jobs. Ascent Vision Technologies was acquired by CACI in 2020, and Bridger Aerospace went public on the NASDAQ in 2023.Tim sits on the Senate Armed Services, Veterans’ Affairs, and Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee.SummaryIn this conversation, Senator Tim Sheehy discusses his journey from Naval Academy graduate to U.S. Senator, emphasizing the need for a new generation of leaders in the maritime domain. He highlights the importance of revitalizing the Navy, addressing challenges in shipbuilding, and fostering bipartisan support for maritime strength. The discussion also touches on the need for innovation in naval strategy and acquisition processes, advocating for a shift in mindset towards risk-taking and adaptability in the face of modern challenges.Show LinksOperation Red WingsSix FrigatesThe Fall of KabulTakeawaysTim shares his journey from the Naval Academy to the Senate.The importance of revitalizing the Navy is highlighted.Challenges in shipbuilding and acquisition processes are discussed.Bipartisan support for maritime strength is crucial.Innovation in naval strategy is necessary for future readiness.Quantity in naval assets is as important as quality.A new shipbuilding paradigm is needed to meet modern demands.Risk-taking should be encouraged in military leadership.The Navy's historical context is essential for understanding current challenges.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Maritime Challenges and New Perspectives12:47: Senator Tim Sheehy's Journey: From Navy to Politics18:44: Revitalizing the Navy: Challenges and Opportunities24:37: Acquisition Paradigms and the Future of Naval Strategy

Returning for the full hour will be Dr. Sebastian Bruns.Sebastian is a seapower expert and maritime strategist. His current project as Senior Researcher at the Institute for Security Policy Kiel University (ISPK) is “NATO Maritime Strategies and Naval Operations since 1985”, a multi-year effort to explore the Alliance’s maritime and naval roles between the late Cold War and today. Sebastian is the founder of the Kiel International Seapower Symposium (KISS), the Baltic Sea Strategy Forum (BSSF), the “Dreizack” young voices in maritime research workshop, and the ISPK Seapower publication series (NOMOS). From 2021-2022, Dr. Bruns served as the inaugural John McCain-Fulbright Distinguished Visiting Professor at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, teaching Baltic Sea security and U.S. naval strategy to Midshipmen at the Political Science Department. He is a former Congressional staffer (then-Rep. Todd Young, IN-09), a fellow at the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences, and a Non-Resident Fellow at the Royal Navy Strategic Studies Centre.ShowlinksHow much do Nato members spend on defense?Kiel Seapower.West-up map of the Baltic.Kaliningrad.German-Norwegian submarine program.SummaryIn this episode, Sal and Mark welcome Dr. Sebastian Bruhn to discuss the evolving security landscape in the Baltic Sea region, particularly in light of recent Russian activities. They explore NATO's response, the historical context of the Baltic, and the implications of the Kaliningrad exclave. The conversation also touches on the concept of the 'NATO lake', the challenges of gray zone tactics, and the future of naval cooperation and shipbuilding partnerships within NATO.TakeawaysThe Baltic Sea is experiencing increased military activity due to Russian threats.Kaliningrad's strategic position poses significant risks to NATO operations.The concept of the 'NATO lake' may lead to complacency in security measures.Gray zone tactics are complicating maritime security in the Baltic.NATO spending is increasing, particularly among Baltic nations.Germany's naval capabilities are being modernized but remain limited.Coast Guards are playing a crucial role in detaining shadow fleet vessels.Transatlantic shipbuilding partnerships are becoming more important.Historical context is vital for understanding current Baltic security dynamics.Chapters00:00: Introduction to NATO's Maritime North03:40: The Baltic Sea: A Strategic Overview10:04: Historical Context and Current Threats18:38: Kaliningrad: A Geopolitical Challenge21:27: Russian Military Capabilities in the Baltic29:00: Gray Zone Tactics and Hybrid Warfare29:27: Historical Context of Naval Warfare31:40: NATO Spending and Defense Strategies39:17: The Role of Coast Guards in Maritime Security44:40: Bureaucracy and Naval Operations48:03: International Collaboration in Shipbuilding53:15: Maritime Domain Awareness and NATO's Role

SummarySal and Mark delve into the current state of the U.S. Navy, discussing the size and capabilities of the fleet, the challenges of operating as a two-ocean Navy, and the potential for utilizing alternative naval assets such as offshore supply vessels. They explore the ongoing debate between manned and unmanned aircraft. Discussed some of the lessons on how to turn around a military quickly using the transition from the 1970s malaise, to the Reagan Era victory in the Cold War. The discussion also touches on military leadership, morale, and the strategic importance of aircraft carriers in contemporary military operations.Show Links"Crash Fleet: An Emergency Shipbuilding Program”, by Lieutenant Commander Brian Adornato, USNR.German army struggles to get Gen Z recruits ‘ready for war’, by Laura Pitel.TakeawaysThe U.S. Navy's fleet size is often overestimated.The Navy operates as a two-ocean force, complicating logistics.Alternative naval assets could enhance defense capabilities.The future of naval warfare will involve a mix of manned and unmanned systems.Aircraft carriers remain a cornerstone of naval power.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Overview of the Fleet Discussion01:28: Analyzing the Current Size of the Navy05:40: Challenges of a Two-Ocean Navy07:48: Exploring Alternative Naval Platforms11:58: Possible Role of Offshore Supply Vessels14:47: Historical Context and Lessons Learned18:20: Rethinking Naval Strategy and Resources21:22: Utilizing Reserve Forces Effectively25:02: Future of Aircraft Carriers and Naval Aviation29:59: The Future of Manned vs. Unmanned Aircraft34:38: Military Resource Allocation and Strategy39:35: Generational Perspectives on Military Service in the post Vietnam recovery44:39: Leadership and Military Morale

The origin story of the United States of America begins, in no small part, with maritime trade issues. Most of the declared and many of the undeclared, wars our nation has fought can be traced to the safety of our maritime commerce and unfettered access to the open seas.Look at any map, and you’ll see we have oceans to the east and west of us, between our nation and its markets, allies, and competitors on the world stage.Today we’re going to cast a wide net on that world view with returning guest, Ross Kennedy.Ross is a logistics and trade expert who has worked at the intersection of global trade, supply chains, and national security for two decades in support of United States national interests and private-sector clients.SummaryThis conversation delves into the intricate relationship between maritime trade, national security, and the evolving policies under the new administration. Ross Kennedy, a logistics and trade expert, discusses the historical context of maritime commerce in the U.S., the challenges of reindustrialization, and the need for a coordinated approach among various stakeholders in the maritime sector. The dialogue emphasizes the importance of investing in domestic shipbuilding capabilities, addressing supply chain issues, and recognizing strategic choke points in global trade. Kennedy advocates for innovative funding mechanisms and a holistic strategy to revitalize the maritime industry and ensure national security.TakeawaysThe U.S. maritime industry is crucial for national security.90% of global trade is conducted via maritime routes.A coordinated approach among stakeholders is essential.Reindustrialization requires long-term planning and investment.Funding mechanisms must support small businesses in the maritime sector.Disused shipyards can be revitalized for modern needs.Strategic choke points are vital for U.S. interests.Investing in domestic capabilities is a priority.Healthy debate is necessary for effective policy-making.The Arctic route poses significant geopolitical challenges.Chapters00:00: Introduction to Maritime Trade and National Security02:46: The Impact of the New Administration on Maritime Policies08:11: The Role of Stakeholders in Shipbuilding13:58: Challenges in Maritime Infrastructure and Supply Chains20:25: Innovative Approaches to Shipbuilding and Economic Zones25:26: The Future of Maritime Commerce and Procurement Reform27:16: Decoupling Funding from National Security29:18: Investing in Domestic Capabilities31:51: Reimagining Maritime Logistics35:05: Reviving Disused Shipyards38:30: Strategic Maritime Infrastructure43:44: Choke Points and Global Trade50:27: Closing Thoughts

Having trouble keeping up with all the developments in the national security realm over the last two months?Well, let not your heart be troubled, Sal & Mark are here for you this week with the ever-popular Midrats Melee format!No guest this week for the podcast, just your two humble hosts, solving the world’s problems in 60-minutes.Show LinksRear Admiral William Daly, USN OPNAV N96 at Surface Navy Association’s annual symposium: quotes can be found at link 1 and link 2.TRANSCOM’s purchase of used cargo ships.Substack on medium USV.Trump’s Gunboats, The National Interest, December 2016, by Claude Berube, and Mark Tempest.Substack on The Ship’s Act, December 2024.SummaryIn this episode of MidRats, Sal and Mark discuss the current state of naval infrastructure and the bipartisan Ships Act aimed at revitalizing shipbuilding in the U.S. They explore leadership changes within the Navy, the importance of unmanned vessels, and the potential for optimism in naval operations. The conversation also touches on geopolitical concerns, particularly regarding the Ukraine conflict and North Korea's military developments, emphasizing the need for a robust maritime strategy.TakeawaysThe Ships Act has bipartisan support and aims to enhance naval infrastructure.Leadership changes in the executive and legislative branchs could positively impact shipbuilding efforts.There is optimism regarding the revitalization of the U.S. maritime industry.Unmanned vessels are seen as a crucial component of future naval strategy.Admiral Daly advocates for affordable and practical designs.The maritime industry can provide significant economic benefits across the U.S.The U.S. must adapt to lessons learned from the Ukraine conflict.The importance of recapturing intellectual capital from former military personnel.Sound Bites"It's an exciting thing to see.""We need hulls in the water.""We need to keep the money flowing."Chapters00:00: Introduction01:44: The Ships Act: A Bipartisan Initiative09:11: Challenges in Shipbuilding and Maintenance12:45: Historical Context: Lessons from WWII16:38: The Need for New Vessels and Innovation20:28: Admiral Daly's Vision for Unmanned Vessels23:56: Utilizing Naval Reserves for Unmanned Operations28:03: Conclusion and Future Directions30:01: Navigating Military Transitions32:57: Optimism in Maritime Strategy36:49: Challenges in Global Security39:05: The Syrian Crisis and Its Implications45:30: North Korea's Military Developments52:59: Lessons from the Ukraine Conflict

A firm and lasting peace treaty, a ceasefire, in or out of NATO, in or out of the EU, European or international peacekeeping forces, an unending slog, or Russian tanks in downtown Kyiv?What are the realistic…and unrealistic…options for Ukraine as they enter the 4th year of the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022?Is the best path for Ukrainian security instead a new security architecture based on Ukrainian power itself?How do you create a framework that could produce a realistic peace, while giving Ukraine a deterrence from future conflict?Using her recent article in Foreign Affairs, Ukraine Must Guarantee Its Own Security, as a kicking off point for our conversation on these and related topics returning to Midrats will be Emma Ashford.Emma is a senior fellow with the Reimagining US Grand Strategy program at the Stimson Center, and the author of First Among Equals: U.S. Foreign Policy for a Multipolar World, forthcoming from Yale University Press.Showlink Ukraine Must Guarantee Its Own SecuritySummaryIn this conversation, Sal, Mark, and Emma Ashford delve into the complexities of the Ukraine conflict, discussing historical agreements like the Budapest Memorandum, the implications of NATO membership, and the current geopolitical landscape. They explore the challenges of European defense strategies, the lessons from Finland's historical context, and the potential pathways to peace negotiations. The discussion emphasizes the need for Ukraine to build its own security capabilities while navigating the intricate dynamics of international relations.TakeawaysThe Budapest Memorandum's implications are still relevant today.NATO membership remains a contentious issue for Ukraine.European states have divergent threat perceptions affecting defense strategies.The concept of 'Bluff and Pray' highlights European defense challenges.Lessons from Finland's Winter War can inform Ukraine's strategy.Ukraine must focus on internal capabilities for security.The US presence in Europe influences European defense initiatives.Negotiating peace involves complex territorial and sovereignty questions.European defense production can align with Ukraine's needs.The need for a unified European defense strategy is critical.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Context of the Ukraine Conflict03:59: The Budapest Memorandum and Its Implications06:41: NATO's Role and European Security Dynamics11:55: European Military Capabilities and Collective Action Problems18:25: Bluff and Pray: The Dilemma of European Deterrence20:52: The Risks of European Military Engagement in Ukraine28:10: NATO's Role in Ukraine's Security32:45: Ukraine's Self-Defense and Historical Parallels37:39: Models of Neutrality and Defense40:20: European Defense Production and Cooperation46:49: US Withdrawal Scenarios and European Responsibility51:19: Negotiating Peace: Territory, Arms, and Finance

In the first month of the new Trump Administration, much of the attention outside our borders has focused on Europe and the Middle East—the two regions that always seem to divert our focus from America’s greatest competitor, the People’s Republic of China (PRC). We often think of the challenge in terms of the most obvious arena—the Pacific—but it extends from the Arctic to Africa and, increasingly, to space.Returning to Midrats this Sunday to discuss the PRC’s challenge for the new administration is Dean Cheng.Dean Cheng, Senior Advisor, United States Institute of Peace; Non-resident Senior Fellow, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies; Non-resident Fellow, George Washington University Space Policy Institute.He recently retired after 13 years with the Heritage Foundation, where he was a senior research fellow on Chinese political and security affairs, and wrote on various aspects of Chinese foreign and defense policy.Prior to joining the Heritage Foundation, he was a senior analyst with the China Studies Division (previously, Project Asia) at CNA from 2001-2009. Before joining CNA, he was a senior analyst with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) from 1996-2001. From 1993-1995, he was an analyst with the US Congress’ Office of Technology Assessment in the International Security and Space Division, where he studied the Chinese defense industrial complex.He is the author of the book Cyber Dragon: Inside China’s Information Warfare and Cyber Operations (NY: Praeger Publishing, 2016), as well as a number of papers and book chapters examining various aspects of Chinese security affairs.Show LinksChina and the new Moon RaceHome Depot v. European UnionSummaryIn this conversation, Sal, Mark and Dean discuss the evolving global landscape with a focus on China's strategic ambitions in space, military capabilities, and economic strategies. They explore the implications of China's presence on the moon, its approach to international order, and the challenges posed by its cyber and nuclear capabilities. The discussion highlights the need for the U.S. to reassess its priorities in light of China's growing influence and the importance of strategic choices moving forward.TakeawaysChina is challenging the post-war international order established by the U.S.The U.S. needs to focus on China's ambitions in space.China's presence on the moon could redefine international norms.The Chinese view of engagement differs significantly from the U.S. perspective.China's cyber capabilities pose a significant threat to U.S. interests.The evolution of China's nuclear deterrence is a growing concern.China's demographic challenges may impact its long-term strategy.The U.S. must prioritize its strategic choices in response to China.China's economic espionage is a tool for technological advancement.The need for a coherent U.S. strategy to counter China's influence is critical.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Context of the Trump Administration’s First Month03:35: China's Global Challenge and Space Ambitions08:44: The Implications of China's Space Strategy17:33: China's Technological Advancements in Space24:32: Chinese Military Strategy and Information Dominance29:01: China's Strategic Maneuvers in the Pacific31:56: Cultural Perspectives: Engagement vs. Cooperation36:31: Cyber Warfare: China's Digital Strategies39:38: China's Evolving Nuclear Deterrence44:05: Demographic and Economic Challenges for China47:44: Shifting Focus: U.S. Foreign Policy and China51:57: Future Considerations: Prioritizing Global Threats

Returning to Midrats this week to discuss his latest non-fiction novel is Seth W.B. Folsom, Colonel, USMC (Ret.).From the Amazon page:Nothing Here Worth Dying For tells the story of his command of Task Force Lion—a “purpose-built” combat advisor team—and his frenetic 2017 deployment to Iraq’s Al Anbar Province. Charged with the daunting task of advising, assisting, and enabling the Iraqi Security Forces in their fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, Folsom and his team of Marines and sailors struggled to support their Iraqi partners in the Jazeera Operations Command while simultaneously grappling with their own leadership for their relevance on the battlefield.…As with the author’s previous books, Nothing Here Worth Dying For focuses on individual Marine actions at the tactical and operational levels while also addressing regional events that contributed to the overall narrative of the U.S. war in Iraq. Folsom describes his unpopular decision to prioritize his team members and their mission to support the Iraqi army above the desires of his own military service branch. As the final operation against ISIS in western Al Anbar gained steam, he questioned the wisdom of the military leadership to which he had dedicated his entire adult life.ShowlinksNothing Here Worth Dying ForThe Highway War: A Marine Company Commander in IraqIn the Gray Area: A Marine Advisor Team at WarWhere Youth and Laughter Go: With ‘the Cutting Edge in AfghanistanSummaryThis conversation delves into the complexities of military operations in Iraq, focusing on the formation and challenges faced by Task Force Lion during the fight against ISIS. Colonel Seth Folsom shares insights on the cultural dynamics, logistical feats, and the intricate relationships between various military and coalition forces. The discussion highlights the sacrifices made by service members and the ongoing questions about the purpose and impact of their missions.TakeawaysThe rise of ISIS in 2014 prompted a swift military response.Task Force Lion was formed from diverse units, creating unique challenges.Cultural differences between U.S. and Iraqi forces impacted operations.Logistical coordination was crucial for mission success.The PMF played a significant role in the fight against ISIS.Command structures were complex and often convoluted.The importance of building a cohesive team was emphasized.Leadership involved navigating various military and political dynamics.Sacrifices made by service members were a central theme.Reflections on the purpose of military engagement remain relevant.Chapters00:00: Introduction and Context of the Long War02:56: The Rise of ISIS and Initial Responses05:39: Building Task Force Lion08:12: Challenges of Individual Augments10:54: Mission Overview and Arrival in Iraq13:49: The Complex Landscape of Iraqi Forces16:12: The Role of PMF and Tribal Forces19:09: Navigating Command Structures and Relationships36:42: Challenges of Coalition Operations39:59: Authority and Responsibility in Combat40:54: Logistical Feats in a War Zone45:19: The Complexity of Joint Operations47:50: Cultural Differences in Military Operations55:17: Reflections on Purpose and SacrificeSeth W. B. Folsom is a retired Marine Corps colonel who served more than twenty-eight years in uniform. Throughout the Global War on Terror, he deployed multiple times to Iraq and Afghanistan, where he commanded in combat at the company, battalion, and task force levels. A graduate of the University of Virginia, Naval Postgraduate School, and the Marine Corps War College, he is the author of “The Highway War: A Marine Company Commander in Iraq;” “In the Gray Area: A Marine Advisor Team at War;” “Where Youth and Laughter Go: With ‘the Cutting Edge in Afghanistan;” and “Nothing Here Worth Dying For: Task Force Lion in Iraq.” He, his family, and their needy, spoiled cat live in Southern California.