Our Curious Amalgam

In April 2024, the Our Curious Amalgam team interviewed international competition law regulators while on site at the ABA Antitrust Law Section's Annual Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C. In this episode, Anora Wang talks to Samuel Chan, Chairman of the Hong Kong Competition Commission, and Commissioner Reiko Aoki of the Japan Fair Trade Commission. Listen to what they had to say about their respective agencies' major achievements of the past year and current and future enforcement priorities, while also getting to know them a little better as people. With special guests: Samuel Chan, BBS, JP, Chairman, Hong Kong Competition Commission and Reiko Aoki, Commissioner, Japan Fair Trade Commission Related Links: Hong Kong Competition Commission Educational short videos produced by the Hong Kong Competition Commission Japan Fair Trade Commission Hosted by: Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

The 2024 edition of the ABA Antitrust Law Section’s Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C., offered the Our Curious Amalgam team a chance to speak with competition law regulators from around the world. While on site at the meeting, we sat down with several of them to discuss their enforcement priorities and other issues, while also getting to know them a little better as people. This episode features interviews conducted by three of our OCA hosts. First, Anora Wang discovers what's happening in France with Benoît Cœuré, the president of the French Competition Authority. Next, Jeny Maier speaks with Nuno Cunha Rodrigues, the president of the Portugese Competition Authority, about his agency's competition enforcement priorities, as well as sightseeing recommendations for Jeny's upcoming visit to Portugal. And finally, Barry Nigro hears about what's going on in Poland with Martyna Derszniak-Noirjean Director of the International Cooperation Office of the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection. With special guests: Benoît Cœuré, President, Autorité de la concurrence (France), Nuno Cunha Rodrigues, President, Autoridade da Concorrência (Portugal), and Martyna Derszniak-Noirjean, Director, International Cooperation Office, Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (Poland) Related Links: Autorité de la concurrence (France) Autoridade da Concorrência (Portugal) Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (Poland) Hosted by: Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP, Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP, and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

The 2024 Spring Meeting of the ABA Antitrust Law Section offered the Our Curious Amalgam team a chance to speak with competition law enforcers from around the world. In this episode, host Matthew Hall asks Olivier Guersent, Director-General of the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission (DG COMP), about what’s been happening in the European Union since we interviewed him at the 2023 Spring Meeting. Listen and learn about DG COMP’s current and recent work and what competition law policy and enforcement trends the Director-General sees on the horizon. With special guest: Olivier Guersent, Director-General, Directorate-General for Competition, European Commission Related Links: European Commission DG COMP website 2023 Spring Meeting interview with Olivier Guersent 2022 Spring Meeting interview with Olivier Guersent Hosted by: Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

The UN General Assembly has entrusted UNCTAD (now rebranded as UN Trade and Development) to be the focal point within the UN on competition and consumer protection issues. How does UN Trade and Development implement this role? Teresa Moreira, Head of the Competition and Consumer Policies Branch (CCPB) at UN Trade and Development, joins Alicia Downey and Matthew Hall to discuss the work of the CCPB, including its focus on developing countries and its working groups and specific projects. Listen to this episode to learn more about UN Trade and Development's work promoting, reinforcing and advising on competition and consumer protection law and policies in support of its overall goal to help developing countries meet the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN General Assembly in 2015. With special guest: Teresa Moreira, Head, Competition and Consumer Policies Branch, United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Related Links: UNCTAD website Competition and Consumer Protection Branch website Global competition law and policy approaches to digital markets (March 2024) Consumer dispute resolution in the world (March 2024) UNCTAD model law on competition after 30 years: some reflections (Feb 2024) Hosted by: Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

Many practitioners wonder what it would be like to be an academic, diving deeply into the leading international legal and policy issues at the forefront of antitrust and competition law. But what does an academic researcher do all day? Natalia Moreno Belloso, one of the ABA Antitrust Law Section's International Scholars-in-Residence, joins Jeny Maier and Anora Wang to discuss her research on conflicts between competition values and non-competition values in digital markets. Listen to this episode if you want to learn more about the life of an academic researcher and the latest trends in digital market regulation. With special guest: Natalia Moreno Belloso, European University Institute Related Links: The EU Digital Markets Act (DMA): A Competition Hand in a Regulatory Glove Hosted by: Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP and Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

On March 21, 2024, the United States Department of Justice and sixteen Attorneys General sued Apple, alleging that “Apple undermines apps, products, and services that would otherwise make users less reliant on the iPhone, promote interoperability, and lower costs for consumers and developers.” In other words, many of the DOJ and AGs’ allegations boil down to lock in - that is that the features chosen by Apple lock in developers and users to stay in Apple’s ecosystem by making it harder to switch or jump between platforms. We discuss the case and the claims advanced, and what it might mean for antitrust enforcement, tech, and consumer experiences. With special guest: Stephen Calkins, Professor of Law, Wayne State University Law School Related Links: U.S. v. Apple Complaint Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter Remarks on Complaint Steve Calkins' Guide to Classical Music Concerts Hosted by: Jana Seidl, Baker Botts LLP and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

The EU Digital Markets Act introduces a radical change to regulation of the digital sector in the EU. But what does it require and what have the designated "gatekeepers" been doing to ensure compliance? Aleksandra Zuchowska, Competition Policy Manager at CCIA in Brussels, appearing in her personal capacity, joins Matthew Reynolds and Matthew Hall to discuss the DMA and its impact. Listen to this episode to learn more about the principles underpinning the DMA, its requirements, the compliance steps being taken, the act's impact on choice, innovation and online safety, the compliance workshops in Brussels and next steps. With special guest: Aleksandra Zuchowska, Competition Policy Manager, Computer & Communications Industry Association, Brussels (personal capacity) Related Links: CCIA Europe blog post on DMA and innovation/user-experience issues CCIA Europe blog post on DMA enforcement European Commission DMA webpage European Commission non-compliance investigation press release European Commission compliance day press release Hosted by: Matthew Reynolds, Huth Reynolds LLP and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

Anyone with a phone number understands how annoying it is to receive unsolicited promotional voice calls and text messages. For that reason, telemarketing and telephone sales practices in the U.S. are regulated by decades-old federal and state consumer protection laws, which permit private rights of action by consumers for minimum statutory damages that can total hundreds of dollars per violation, such as when a call or text is made to a phone number listed on the National Do-Not-Call Registry. But are these laws too harsh on legitimate businesses communicating with their customers? How well do these 1990s-era laws address emerging communication technologies? In this episode, hosts Alicia Downey and Derek Jackson speak with Kelley, Drye & Warren partner Becca Wahlquist about these issues and recent developments in the law governing telemarketing to consumers. Learn about the challenges that businesses face in complying with a complex and evolving scheme of federal and state legislation and rules restricting telephone communications with consumers. With special guest: Becca Wahlquist, Partner, Kelley, Drye & Warren LLP Related Links: Becca Wahlquist & Nathan Jamieson, Developments in Telephone Consumer Protection Act Law After Duguid v. Facebook, Antitrust Magazine (ABA Antitrust Law Section Summer 2022) Hosted by: Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Derek Jackson, Cohen & Gresser LLP

The antitrust law bubble, particularly in the U.S., has in recent years focussed on the mantra of promoting efficiency above all else. In the age of the global polycrisis and increasing corporate concentration and power in numerous sectors, should this bubble be popped? Dr Cristina Caffarra, leading competition economist, joins Barry Nigro and Matthew Hall to discuss the wider issues antitrust and competition law enforcement should be considering, which was the focus of a January 2024 Brussels conference described as the "Anti-Davos" and "Woodstock of Antitrust". Listen to this episode to learn more about the "Antitrust, Regulation, and the Next World Order" conference led by Dr Caffarra, why antitrust law should be taking a wider approach than efficiency and narrow consumer welfare and the links with trade and industrial policy. With special guest: Cristina Caffarra, University College London, CEPR Competition RPN Related Links: Cristina Caffarra article in CPI Columns Europe February 2024 (source: CPI) Cristina Caffarra article part 1 in VoxEU (CEPR) January 2024 (source: VoxEU) Cristina Caffarra article part 2 in VoxEU (CEPR) January 2024 (source: VoxEU) Cristina Caffarra article in VoxEU (CEPR) March 2024 (source: VoxEU) Angus Deaton article "Rethinking My Economics" March 2024 (source: IMF) Politico article on Antitrust, Regulation, and the Next World Order conference February 2024 (source: Politico) The Capitol Forum article on Antitrust, Regulation, and the Next World Order conference February 2024 (source: The Capitol Forum) Cristina Caffarra speaking notes Antitrust, Regulation, and the Next World Order conference January 2024 (source: ofthewedge.com) Hosted by: Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

Many companies already use or are introducing "pay or OK" models for targeted ads on the Internet. What legal issues does this raise in the EU? Frithjof Michaelsen, Digital Policy Officer at UFC-Que Choisir, the French Federation of Consumer Associations, joins Matthew Reynolds and Matthew Hall to discuss Meta's introduction of pay or OK, otherwise known as pay or consent, on its Facebook and Instagram platforms in the EU, the relevant law and the implications of this for the wider adtech ecosystem. Listen to this episode to learn more about the application of EU consumer and data protection rules and the EU Digital Markets Act to this model. With special guest: Frithjof Michaelsen, Digital Policy Officer, UFC-Que Choisir (France) Related Links: "Choose to lose with Meta" document; BEUC’s assessment of Meta’s subscription model (pay or OK) from a consumer law perspective (source: European Data Protection Board) BEUC "Choose to Lose With Meta" webpage (source: European Data Protection Board) BEUC Press Release "Consumer groups file complaint against Meta’s unfair pay-or-consent model" (source: European Data Protection Board) Timeline of Meta and GDPR (source: European Data Protection Board) NOYB GDPR Withdrawal Complaint (source: noyb.eu) NOYB GDPR Pay or OK Complaint (source: noyb.eu) NOYB Press Release "Instagram & Facebook: 28 civil rights organisations urge European DPAs to reject “Pay or Okay” in pending case over € 250 “privacy fee”" (source: noyb.eu) EU Digital Markets Act (source: European Commission) BEUC and EU consumer group complaints against Meta under EU GDPR February 2024 Hosted by: Matthew Reynolds, Huth Reynolds LLP and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

It's often said that patent protection rewards innovation and benefits consumers. But are there competition law issues with having "too many" patents? Kate Swisher, an antitrust litigator at White & Case, joins co-hosts Alicia Downey and Lijun Zhang to discuss the tension between patent law and antitrust law in the context of so-called "patent thickets," particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Listen to this episode to learn how courts are treating claims that obtaining a large number of patents for a single product may be an anticompetitive practice. With special guest: Kate Swisher, White & Case LLP Hosted by: Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Lijun Zhang, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP

The U.S. federal district courts have magistrate judges who are appointed to assist the district court judges and generally oversee first appearances of criminal defendants, set bail, and conduct other administrative duties. But is the role of a magistrate judge different across districts? In a district like Eastern District of Virginia where the trial docket is so fast that it earned the nickname as a “Rocket Docket,” a magistrate judge can make important decisions and have a great impact on the cases there. Judge Lindsey Vaala, the first magistrate judge interviewed by our program, and a long-time active member of the ABA Antitrust Law Section, speaks with Anora Wang and Melissa Maxman on her previous career as an antitrust litigator, her path to the bench, and to the extent that she can speak, her views on current antitrust issues. With special guest: The Honorable Judge Lindsey R. Vaala, Magistrate Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia Related Links: Magistrate Judge Lindsey Vaala Appointment Announcement Nov 2022 Hosted by: Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP and Melissa H. Maxman, Cohen & Gresser LLP

The US antitrust agencies' approach to merger remedies has undergone a significant change under the Biden administration. Remedies are increasingly disfavored. In this episode, Dan Ducore, former Assistant Director of the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Competition Compliance Division, joins Barry Nigro and Jeny Maier to discuss the growing skepticism towards merger remedies by the US antitrust authorities. Listen to this episode to learn more about whether merger remedies remain a viable option in the US and, if so, how parties should approach them given the government’s current hostility toward remedies. With special guest: Dan Ducore, former Assistant Director of the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Competition Compliance Division Related Links: Daniel P. Ducore, "Negotiating Remedies: A Perspective from Various Agencies," Global Competition Review (October 2023) Hosted by: Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP

When are MFNs good and when are they bad? A "most favored nation" (MFN) price requirement ensures that a buyer receives the lowest price that a seller is offering to other buyers. Under U.S. antitrust law, such MFNs are typically viewed as a procompetitive outcome of price bargaining between parties. But recently, the use of MFNs by Amazon's internet retailing platform has been challenged as an anticompetitive business practice. In this episode, Alicia Downey and Barry Nigro talk to economist Tasneem Chipty about the potential competition concerns raised by MFNs generally and platform MFNs specifically. Listen and learn in what circumstances most favored nation requirements might raise antitrust red flags. With special guest: Tasneem Chipty, Managing Principal, Chipty Economics Related Links: Tasneem Chipty, "Platform MFNs: Can Asking for the Lowest Price Discourage Competition?", Pricing Conduct Committee Newsletter (ABA Antitrust Law Section Jan. 9. 2024) Hosted by: Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

Large amounts of information are collected during merger control and behavioural competition law investigations. What are the personal data protection issues raised? Dan Rupprecht, Director for Europe of iDiscovery Solutions, joins Aaron Yeater and Matthew Hall to discuss the differences between these two types of investigations, why and how the EU/UK and U.S. approaches differ in this area, the technology that is used and the future. Listen to this episode to learn more about protection of personal data when working in these areas. With special guest: Dan Rupprecht, Director for Europe, iDiscovery Solutions Related Links: European Commission data protection (GDPR) UK GDPR Hosted by: Aaron Yeater, Analysis Group, Inc. and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

In recent years competition agencies in several jurisdictions have undertaken studies to assess the state of competition within their borders. Canada now joins the list. In this episode, co-hosts Alicia Downey and Barry Nigro speak with economist Matthew Osborne about the Canadian Bureau of Competition’s 2023 report, “Competition in Canada from 2000 to 2020: An Economy at a Crossroads.” Listen to this episode to learn about how Matthew and his team analyzed competition across the Canadian economy during a critical decade. With special guest: Matthew Osborne, University of Toronto Mississauga Related Links: Competition in Canada from 2000 to 2020: An Economy at a Crossroads More about Matthew Osborne Hosted by: Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

The UK merger control system provides for voluntary filings but that does not mean parties to deals can hide from the regulator, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). But how does the CMA's Mergers Intelligence Committee (MIC) identify deals to ask about and review the informal briefing papers which can be submitted by parties hoping to avoid a full filing? Eleni Gouliou, a Director of Mergers at the CMA, who has chaired MIC, joins Anora Wang and Matthew Hall to discuss the work of MIC and its place within the CMA's merger review processes. Listen to this episode to learn more about this area of the CMA's merger control work, which is increasingly important now that the UK is outside the EU merger control regime. With special guest: Eleni Gouliou, Director of Mergers, UK Competition and Markets Authority Related Links: UK Competition and Markets Authority "Guidance on the CMA's mergers intelligence function" (December 2020) UK Competition and Markets Authority merger inquiry outcome statistics Hosted by: Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP  

The interplay between patent law and competition law has been a consistent focus for the antitrust agencies over the years, most notably in the pharmaceutical sector between brand and generic drugs. But will the FTC take a new approach to dealing with branded drug company patents listed in the FDA's "Orange Book"? Mika Ikeda, Competition Counsel at Johnson & Johnson joins Jaclyn Phillips and Jeny Maier to discuss the FTC's historical interest in Orange Book listings and what actions the agency may take in the future. Listen to this episode to learn more about FTC policy related to competition in drug markets, and why the "Orange Book" is orange! With special guest: Mika Ikeda, Senior Counsel, Competition Law, Johnson & Johnson Related Links: Federal Trade Commission Statement Concerning Brand Drug Manufacturers’ Improper Listing of Patents in the Orange Book (Sept. 14, 2023) Hosted by: Jaclyn Phillips, White & Case LLP and Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP

The hype around cryptocurrency is at an all-time high, as the industry makes a major push to go mainstream. But is it all a giant pump-and-dump scheme? Software engineer and celebrated crypto critic Molly White and the SEC's Associate Director of Enforcement Carolyn Welshhans join Anant Raut and Aaron Yeater for a braintwister of a discussion on such topics as what is money; if blockchain is so secure how does so much crypto keep getting stolen; and is crypto a giant scam. Listen to this episode to learn more about whether ordinary investors will be left holding the bag when the crypto bros cash out. With special guests: Molly White, Software Engineer and Founder, Web3 is Going Just Great and Carolyn Welshhans, Associate Director of the Division of Enforcement, Securities and Exchange Commission Related Links: Web 3 is Going Just Great Hosted by: Anant Raut and Aaron Yeater, Analysis Group, Inc.

Self-preferencing by digital platforms has become ubiquitous in today's antitrust discourse. But has enough focus been put on economic analysis to understand the procompetitive benefits of self-preferencing conduct? Emilie Feyler and Dr. Veronica Postal, Senior Consultants at NERA Economic Consulting, speak with Jaclyn Phillips and Barry Nigro about their assessment of the economic literature on self-preferencing. Listen to this episode to learn more about what the empirical research has to say and if there are still gaps to fill. With special guests: Emilie Feyler, Senior Consultant, NERA Economic Consulting and Dr. Veronica Postal, Senior Consultant, NERA Economic Consulting Related Links: Can Self-Preferencing Algorithms Be Procompetitive? Hosted by: Jaclyn Phillips, White & Case LLP and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP