Macrocytic Anemia Macrocytic anemias produce strange dysfunctional blood cells. This will result in some hemolysis and progress to splenic dysfunction as the spleen becomes overloaded. Howell-Jolly bodies are DNA remnants seen with a macrocytic anemia or a damaged spleen. You will find them in B12 deficiency anemia, folate deficient anemia, sickle cell anemia and celiac […]
Our two main players in coagulation are platelets and clotting factors. To help make things clear we can split up these two agents into separate categories even though the work in concert. Primary hemostasis When a blood vessel is damaged, the subendothelium spaces are exposed to blood. This triggers a number of events designed to […]
Leukemia Leukemia is a disease characterized by the overproduction of a particular type of blood cell. This process often inhibits the production of normal blood cells These leukemia cells do not function as proper cells Leukemia does not form a solid tumor. Rather it produces blood cells which may infiltrate tissue. Leukemic cells have unusually […]
Sickle Cell Anemia Genetic Pattern Autosomal recessive Homozygote inheritance of Hemoglobin S (HbS) Predominantly seen in the African American population Oxygenated HbS does not dissolve well and forms a gel that distorts the shape of the RBC into a sickle. This makes the cells “sticky” and less flexible leading to clogging of small blood vessels. […]
Anemia Anemia means low RBC or Hgb count. A patient could be bleeding out and have a low Hgb or they could have a dietary deficiency. Anemia is a starting place. As we get more detailed and more specific we can get a more clear diagnosis and treatment plan. One of the easiest places to […]
Red Blood Cells Priming Questions What are the four polypeptide chains that make up hemoglobin? Define polycythemia What does MCV stand for and what does it mean? Define hemolysis. Red Blood Cells Simplified The specific shape of a RBC gives it an increased surface area for better gas exchange and flexibility for fitting into tiny […]
Red Blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets Our Three Basic Problems We either have to many We don’t have enough What’s being made isn’t working correctly Cytoses Polycythemia – to many RBC’s Thrombocytosis -to many Platelets Cytopenias Anemia – low RBC Leukopenia -low WBC Coagulation disorders Clotting factor disorders – messed up clotting factors Thrombocytopenias […]
<< Click here to get 23 ENT questions straight from my book, The Final Step >> Blowout Fracture A fracture of the orbit Clinical Presentation “I got my face smashed in!” Ecchymosis Difficulty with vertical eye movement Diplopia Infraorbital anesthesia secondary to trauma to the infraorbital nerve Swelling Subconjunctival hemorrhage Labs, Studies and Physical Exam […]
Vascular disorders Retinal Artery Occlusion Causes & Predisposing Factors Clot Sclerosis HTN DM Atrial Fibrillation Temporal arteritis Clinical Presentation ACUTE vision loss Partial Complete NO PAIN Labs, Studies and Physical Exam Findings Fundal exam Optic atrophy Pale disc Cherry red spot – its actually that the rest of the retina is pale Boxcarring- narrowing of […]
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Disorders << Click here to get 23 ENT questions straight from my book, The Final Step >> Nystagmus An involuntary rhythmic eye movement Patient is usually unaware that it’s happening, but may have blurred vision Causes Congenital neurological problem Trauma Stroke Multiple Sclerosis Inner ear inflammation Alcohol Sudden head movements Looking out a train […]
<< Click here to get 23 ENT questions straight from my book, The Final Step >> Blepharitis An infection of the eyelid Acute blepharitis is most commonly caused by Staph May be viral Seborrheic dermatitis or acne rosacea can also cause blepharitis Clinical Presentation Eyelid Loss of eyelashes Red Itchy Burning Scaly Swollen Labs and […]
Nichole got devastating news. A 222! She had a ton of ground to make up. More than I would have thought possible. But… She did it. She went up 137 points! Listen to her story.
We’ve got an interview this week with Heather. She was feeling a little lost. A little behind, and she wanted to share with you a few ways that helped her turn it around.
Mary’s story is AMAZING. She was the Valedictorian o her high school She graduated Cum laude in 3 years from undergrad while working 30-35 hours per week. Then she got to PA school and got her first 20 on 100 point test. That was followed promptly by her first 10 on a 100 point test. […]
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Alcohol Use Disorder Definition/Overview Clinical Presentation Labs, Studies, and Physical Exam Findings Treatment Key Differentiators Test Alert Opioid Use Disorder Definition/Overview Clinical Presentation Labs, Studies, and Physical Exam Findings Treatment Key Differentiators Test Alert Stimulant Use Disorder (Cocaine, Amphetamines) Definition/Overview Clinical Presentation Labs, Studies, and Physical Exam Findings Treatment Key Differentiators […]
Aygin
loved the study tip about making our own tests and questions. i have done it and i think its one of the best ways to understand the concept and key points of a course.
Cody Davis
This is a great podcast. Great for reviewing a lot of material in a short amount of time.