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© Christina Granado Gonzales
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Welcome to the Pro-PA Podcast, where Professor G, PA-C, brings you tips, tricks, and tools to thrive in PA school and beyond. From mastering patient encounters and clinical skills to tackling anatomy, exam prep, and career advice, this podcast is your go-to resource for all things PA. Whether you're a PA student, pre-PA, or healthcare enthusiast, join us for insightful discussions, practical guidance, and a little inspiration to help you succeed in your medical journey.
Stay tuned and let’s make medicine simple, one episode at a time! 🎧🩺 #ProPAPodcast #PAStudents #MedicalEducation
Stay tuned and let’s make medicine simple, one episode at a time! 🎧🩺 #ProPAPodcast #PAStudents #MedicalEducation
447 Episodes
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In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Appendicitis, one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. You’ll learn to recognize classic symptom progression from periumbilical pain to right lower quadrant tenderness, understand key exam findings such as McBurney point tenderness and rebound pain, and review diagnostic strategies including labs and CT imaging. We’ll also cover management—ranging from antibiotics in select cases to urgent appendectomy—and discuss complications like perforation and abscess formation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your acute abdominal decision-making skills.#Appendicitis #AcuteAbdomen #RightLowerQuadrantPain #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Small Intestine Polyps, uncommon but clinically important lesions that may present with bleeding, anemia, obstruction, or be discovered incidentally. You’ll learn about different polyp types—including adenomatous, hamartomatous, and those associated with hereditary syndromes such as Peutz-Jeghers and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)—along with key diagnostic tools and management strategies. We’ll also discuss surveillance considerations and when referral for genetic evaluation is warranted. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of small bowel pathology.#SmallIntestinePolyps #GI101 #PeutzJeghers #FAP #GIpathology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Food Allergies and Food Sensitivities, helping you distinguish immune-mediated reactions from non-immune food intolerances. You’ll learn the difference between IgE-mediated food allergies—which can cause urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis—and food sensitivities such as lactose intolerance or other non-allergic gastrointestinal responses. We’ll also cover diagnostic approaches, elimination diets, when to refer for allergy testing, and key counseling points for patient safety. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to patients with food-related GI complaints.#FoodAllergy #FoodSensitivity #GI101 #PrimaryCare #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Lactose Intolerance, a common cause of osmotic diarrhea due to lactase deficiency in the small intestine. You’ll learn how to recognize hallmark symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea after dairy ingestion, understand the difference between primary and secondary lactase deficiency, and review diagnostic options like the hydrogen breath test. We’ll also cover practical management strategies including dietary modification and lactase enzyme supplementation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to malabsorption and chronic diarrhea.#LactoseIntolerance #Malabsorption #OsmoticDiarrhea #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Celiac Disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that leads to small intestinal villous atrophy and malabsorption. You’ll learn hallmark features such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, and dermatitis herpetiformis, along with key diagnostic testing including tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) antibodies and confirmatory biopsy. We’ll also cover associated autoimmune conditions and the cornerstone of management—a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of malabsorptive disorders.#CeliacDisease #Malabsorption #GlutenFree #Autoimmune #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Paralytic Ileus, a functional obstruction caused by decreased intestinal motility rather than a mechanical blockage. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark features such as abdominal distention, hypoactive or absent bowel sounds, and diffuse dilation of bowel loops on imaging. We’ll also break down common causes—including postoperative states, electrolyte abnormalities, medications, and systemic illness—and review evidence-based management strategies focused on supportive care and correction of underlying factors. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your clinical reasoning when differentiating ileus from true obstruction.#ParalyticIleus #FunctionalObstruction #AbdominalDistention #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO), a common and potentially serious surgical condition. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and obstipation, understand the most common causes—including adhesions, hernias, and malignancy—and identify key imaging findings on abdominal X-ray and CT. We’ll also cover initial management strategies, including fluid resuscitation, NG tube decompression, and indications for urgent surgical consultation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your acute GI decision-making skills.#SmallBowelObstruction #SBO #GIemergency #AbdominalPain #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Gastric Adenocarcinoma, the most common type of stomach cancer worldwide. You’ll learn about key risk factors—including Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, chronic gastritis, and certain dietary exposures—as well as regional differences in incidence. We’ll cover hallmark presentations like unexplained weight loss, early satiety, and iron deficiency anemia, plus paraneoplastic signs such as Virchow node and Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Diagnostic evaluation, staging, and management strategies—including surgery, chemotherapy, and palliative care—are also highlighted.#GastricAdenocarcinoma #StomachCancer #Hpilori #UpperGI #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Gastroparesis, a disorder of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. You’ll learn about hallmark symptoms such as early satiety, postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting, and bloating, as well as common causes like diabetes, postsurgical changes, and idiopathic cases. We’ll also cover diagnostic testing—including gastric emptying studies—and management strategies ranging from dietary modification and prokinetic agents to advanced therapies for refractory disease.#Gastroparesis #DelayedGastricEmptying #DiabetesComplications #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES), a rare disorder caused by gastrin-secreting tumors (gastrinomas) that lead to excessive gastric acid production. You’ll learn how ZES presents with refractory peptic ulcers, chronic diarrhea, and abdominal pain, understand its association with MEN1, and review diagnostic testing such as fasting gastrin levels and secretin stimulation testing. We’ll also cover imaging strategies to localize gastrinomas and management approaches, including acid suppression and surgical resection.#ZollingerEllisonSyndrome #ZES #Gastrinoma #MEN1 #PepticUlcers #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, dives into Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative bacterium strongly linked to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. You’ll learn about its unique mechanisms for surviving in the stomach’s acidic environment, how it damages the mucosa, and the classic clinical scenarios where testing is warranted. We’ll also cover diagnostic options—such as urea breath test, stool antigen, and biopsy—and review first-line eradication therapies, including triple and quadruple regimens.#Hpylori #Gastritis #PepticUlcerDisease #GIinfections #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), a condition characterized by mucosal defects in the stomach or duodenum due to an imbalance of protective and aggressive factors. You’ll learn about common causes—including Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and hypersecretory states—classic presentations such as epigastric pain related to meals, and complications like bleeding or perforation. We’ll also cover the diagnostic approach, including endoscopy and testing for H. pylori, and evidence-based treatment strategies.#PUD #PepticUlcerDisease #Hpilori #NSAIDs #UpperGIdisorders #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Gastritis, inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can be acute or chronic. You’ll learn the most common causes—including Helicobacter pylori, NSAID use, alcohol, and stress—along with hallmark symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea, and bloating. We’ll also cover diagnostic evaluation with endoscopy, biopsy findings, and evidence-based management strategies, from acid suppression to H. pylori eradication therapy.#Gastritis #Hpilori #NSAIDs #UpperGIdisorders #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Barrett’s Esophagus—a metaplastic change of the distal esophagus caused by chronic GERD—and its progression risk to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, the most common esophageal cancer in the United States. You’ll learn hallmark features of Barrett’s, how it differs from squamous cell carcinoma, key risk factors such as obesity and reflux, and the role of endoscopic surveillance and biopsy. We’ll also cover diagnostic evaluation and management strategies for adenocarcinoma, including endoscopic resection, surgery, and chemoradiation.#BarrettsEsophagus #EsophagealAdenocarcinoma #GERDcomplications #UpperGIcancer #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, the most common esophageal cancer worldwide. You’ll learn about its strong associations with tobacco, alcohol, and caustic injury, recognize hallmark symptoms such as progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and odynophagia, and understand diagnostic evaluation with endoscopy and biopsy. We’ll also cover staging, prognosis, and treatment strategies, including surgery, chemoradiation, and palliative care.#EsophagealCancer #SquamousCellCarcinoma #Dysphagia #UpperGI #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, discusses Esophageal Foreign Bodies, a common emergency in pediatrics but also seen in adults. You’ll learn to recognize presenting symptoms such as dysphagia, drooling, chest discomfort, and inability to handle secretions, and understand which ingested objects—like button batteries or sharp items—require urgent removal. We’ll also cover the role of imaging, endoscopic retrieval, and airway precautions in management.#EsophagealForeignBody #GIemergency #ButtonBattery #Dysphagia #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Esophageal Varices, dilated submucosal veins in the lower esophagus that develop as a complication of portal hypertension. You’ll learn to recognize clinical presentations such as hematemesis and melena, understand the role of cirrhosis and portal venous pressure in their development, and review acute management—including resuscitation, octreotide, and endoscopic band ligation—as well as strategies for secondary prevention.#EsophagealVarices #PortalHypertension #UpperGIbleed #Cirrhosis #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Hiatal Hernia, a condition in which part of the stomach herniates through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. You’ll learn the difference between sliding and paraesophageal hernias, recognize their association with GERD and complications like strangulation, and explore diagnostic evaluation with barium swallow and endoscopy. We’ll also cover management—from lifestyle modifications and acid suppression to surgical repair when indicated.#HiatalHernia #SlidingHernia #ParaesophagealHernia #GERD #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Esophageal Strictures, Webs, and Rings, structural abnormalities that can narrow the esophageal lumen and cause dysphagia. You’ll learn how chronic GERD leads to peptic strictures, how esophageal webs are linked to conditions like Plummer-Vinson syndrome, and how Schatzki rings cause intermittent dysphagia to solids. We’ll also cover hallmark symptoms, key diagnostic tools such as barium swallow and endoscopy, and treatment strategies including dilation and acid suppression.#EsophagealStricture #SchatzkiRing #EsophagealWeb #Dysphagia #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Neurogenic Dysphagia, Scleroderma Esophagus, and Peptic Esophageal Strictures—three important motility-related conditions that impact swallowing and esophageal function. You’ll learn how neurogenic causes disrupt coordinated swallowing, how systemic sclerosis leads to smooth muscle atrophy and reflux complications, and how chronic acid exposure from GERD contributes to peptic stricture formation. We’ll also cover hallmark presentations, diagnostic tools like manometry and endoscopy, and management strategies tailored to each condition.#EsophagealMotility #NeurogenicDysphagia #SclerodermaEsophagus #PepticStrictures #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
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