PsyberSpace: Understand Your World

Revolutionizing Work: Psychology's Role in Shaping the FutureIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the psychology and future of work. The discussion highlights the benefits of remote and flexible work, shorter work weeks, universal basic income, and the importance of rest in creating healthy and productive work environments. Leslie explains how outdated work models are being challenged by new data and psychological insights, emphasizing that autonomy, flexibility, and psychological safety are key to higher productivity and well-being. The episode also critiques the motivations behind return-to-office mandates and the misuse of AI for layoffs, advocating for a shift toward work models that prioritize human flourishing.00:00 Introduction: The Future of Work01:02 The Benefits of Remote Work03:00 The Push for Office Return06:37 AI and Workforce Changes08:24 The Four-Day Work Week10:56 Universal Basic Income Experiments13:13 The Importance of Rest18:16 Psychological Safety and Team Dynamics20:50 Rethinking Work Structures23:12 Conclusion: Life First, Work SecondResources:American Psychological Association. (2021). 2021 Work and Well-being Survey. Bloom, N., Han, R., & Liang, J. (2024). Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance. Nature, 630(8018), 920–925. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165–218. Boston Consulting Group. (2025, February 4). GenAI doesn't just increase productivity. It expands capabilities. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2024/gen-ai-increases-productivity-and-expands-capabilitiesCNBC. (2025, July 22). In recent layoffs, AI's role may be bigger than companies are letting on. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/20/in-job-losses-ais-role-may-be-bigger-than-companies-say.htmlCNBC. (2025, October 19). Companies are blaming AI for job cuts. Critics say it's a 'good excuse' https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/19/firms-are-blaming-ai-for-job-cuts-critics-say-its-a-good-excuse.htmlDeci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.Duhigg, C. (2016, February 25). What Google learned from its quest to build the perfect team. The New York Times Magazine.Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. Fortune. (2025, August 8). AI-driven layoffs are on the rise as the job market shrinks for recent grads. https://fortune.com/2025/08/08/ai-layoffs-jobs-market-shrinks-entry-level/Guðmundsson, H. J. (2021). Going public: Iceland's journey to a shorter working week. Autonomy & Alda. Haraldsson, G., Kellam, J., & Trickett, R. (2024). On firmer ground: Iceland's ongoing experience of shorter working weeks. Autonomy & Alda. Hersey, T. (2022). Rest is resistance: A manifesto. Little, Brown Spark.Kangas, O., Jauhiainen, S., Simanainen, M., & Ylikännö, M. (Eds.). (2020). The basic income experiment 2017–2018 in Finland: Preliminary results. Reports and Memorandums of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2019:9. Lee, D.-W., & Ko, I.-S. (2023). Association of long commute time with mental health: A cross-sectional study using Korea Working Conditions Survey. Journal of Transport & Health, 32, 101659. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78Sandow, E. (2011). On the road: Social aspects of commuting long distances to work [Doctoral dissertation, Umeå University]. DiVA.Schor, J., Gu, G., Naidu, S., Rooney, R., Rodenhiser-Hill, J., West, K., Hocquet, L., Hunt, K., Shaughnessy, T., & Gursoz, E. (2023). The results are in: The UK's four-day week pilot. Autonomy.Walker, M. (2017). Why we sleep: Unlocking the power of sleep and dreams. Scribner.West, S., Castro Baker, A., Samra, S., & Coltrera, E. (2021). Preliminary analysis: SEED's first year. Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration. World Economic Forum & PwC. (2024, November). Leveraging generative AI for job augmentation and workforce productivity. https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/artificial-intelligence/wef-leveraging-generative-ai-for-job-augmentation-and-workforce-productivity-2024.pdfWorld Economic Forum. (2025). The Future of Jobs Report 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/Xiang, L., Peng, S., Mitchell, M., & Bernstein, M. S. (2025). Future of work with AI agents: Auditing automation and augmentation potential across the U.S. workforce. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.06576 ★ Support this podcast ★

The Power of Talismans: Mind Over MatterIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the fascinating world of talismans, lucky charms, and rituals. While these objects may seem irrational at first glance, psychological and anthropological insights reveal they significantly alter how our brains handle risk, uncertainty, and stress. From ancient warriors to modern surgeons and athletes, humans have always used symbolic objects to manage anxiety and enhance performance. This episode dives into the neuroscience of belief, the anthropology of ritual, and the line between helpful superstition and harmful compulsion. Discover how these practices, whether physical or digital, help us face uncertainty and regulate our emotions, anchoring us in chaotic situations.00:00 Introduction to Talismans and Rituals00:53 The Psychology Behind Talismans01:27 Historical and Cultural Perspectives02:39 Modern Examples and Psychological Mechanisms05:24 Rituals in High-Stakes Professions07:30 Sports and Performance Enhancement10:30 The Placebo Effect and Physical Properties13:25 Cultural Significance and Adaptation16:20 When Rituals Become Unhealthy19:40 Digital Age Talismans22:14 Conclusion: The Power of BeliefReferencesAtkinson, P. (1981). The clinical experience: The construction and reconstruction of medical reality. Gower.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.Berle, D., Starcevic, V., Wootton, B., Arnáez, S., & Baggio, S. (2023). A network approach to understanding obsessions and compulsions. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 36, 100786. Damisch, L., Stoberock, B., & Mussweiler, T. (2010). Keep your fingers crossed! How superstition improves performance. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1014–1020. Davoudi, M., Mohammadzadeh, A., Vafaei, A., Mirzaei, S. M., & Ghanbari Jolfaei, A. (2024). A cross-sectional study in two common OCD subtypes: Network structure of symptoms, personality, and obsessive beliefs. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1330901. Einstein, D. A., & Menzies, R. G. (2004). The presence of magical thinking in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 539–549. Einstein, D. A., & Menzies, R. G. (2004). Role of magical thinking in obsessive–compulsive symptoms in an undergraduate sample. Depression and Anxiety, 19, 174–179. Edwards, C. D. (2023). Obsessive–compulsive disorder in sports—Beyond superstitions. Advances in Psychiatry and Behavioral Health. Advance online publication. Fite, R. E., Adut, S. L., & Magee, J. C. (2020). Do you believe in magical thinking? Examining magical thinking as a mediator between obsessive–compulsive belief domains and symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 48(4), 454–462. Frazer, J. G. (1996). The golden bough: A study in magic and religion. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1890)Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311–328.Rabinovitch, H. (2025). Playoff beards and unwashed uniforms: A scoping review on athletes’ superstitions and rituals. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. West, B., & Willner, P. (2011). Magical thinking in obsessive–compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(4), 399–411. Vyse, S. A. (2014). Believing in magic: The psychology of superstition (Updated ed.). Oxford University Press.   ★ Support this podcast ★

The Psychology of Everyday Aesthetics: How Our Surroundings Shape Our Well-beingIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the psychological impact of everyday aesthetics on our emotions, focus, and overall well-being. From cozy cafes to well-lit offices, Leslie delves into the science behind how environmental cues like color, light, form, and texture affect our mental state and cognitive performance. The episode also discusses the importance of creating supportive environments, especially for those who are neurodivergent, chronically ill, or recovering from trauma. Learn how to leverage aesthetic principles to create spaces that promote safety, comfort, and productivity. This episode emphasizes that aesthetics aren't frivolous but functional, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives and mental health.00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace00:23 The Cafe Effect: How Environment Enhances Experience01:01 The Psychology of Everyday Aesthetics02:25 The Science Behind Aesthetic Responses04:12 Environmental Psychology and Neuroaesthetics08:33 The Impact of Light, Color, and Texture11:11 Aesthetics and Memory: Emotional Anchors17:31 Designing for Wellbeing: Practical Tips20:33 Conclusion: Aesthetics as Functional and EssentialReferencesBrowning, W. D., Ryan, C. O., & Clancy, J. O. (2014). 14 patterns of biophilic design. Terrapin Bright Green.Cela-Conde, C. J., Marty, G., Maestú, F., Ortiz, T., Munar, E., Fernández, A., Roca, M., Rosselló, J., & Quesney, F. (2004). Activation of the prefrontal cortex in the human visual aesthetic perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(16), 6321–6325.Chatterjee, A., & Vartanian, O. (2014). Neuroaesthetics. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(7), 370–375.Cupchik, G. C. (2009). Viewing artworks: Contributions of cognitive control and perceptual facilitation to aesthetic experience. Brain and Cognition, 70(1), 84–91.Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169–182.Kawabata, H., & Zeki, S. (2004). Neural correlates of beauty. Journal of Neurophysiology, 91(4), 1699–1705.Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J., & Mador, M. (Eds.). (2008). Biophilic design: The theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life. John Wiley & Sons.Ohly, H., White, M. P., Wheeler, B. W., Bethel, A., Ukoumunne, O. C., Nikolaou, V., & Garside, R. (2016). Attention restoration theory: A systematic review of the attention restoration potential of exposure to natural environments. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 19(7), 305–343.Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224(4647), 420–421.Ulrich, R. S. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201–230.Zeki, S. (1999). Inner vision: An exploration of art and the brain. Oxford University Press.Zeki, S., Romaya, J. P., Benincasa, D. M. T., & Atiyah, M. F. (2014). The experience of mathematical beauty and its neural correlates. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 68.Zeki, S., Chén, O. Y., & Romaya, J. P. (2020). Neuroaesthetics: The art, science, and brain triptych. In A. Chatterjee & E. Cardillo (Eds.), Brain, beauty & art: Essays bringing neuroaesthetics into focus (pp. 1–28). Oxford University Press. ★ Support this podcast ★

The Transparency Trap: How AI Disclosure Erodes TrustIn this special episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores a new study revealing that people who disclose AI use in professional settings are trusted significantly less than those who keep it a secret. This phenomenon is linked to identity protective cognition and professional identity threats. The discussion delves into how legitimacy and social norms shape trust dynamics, the role of cognitive dissonance, and systemic issues that exacerbate the AI transparency crisis. Poston also offers potential strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing the need for a cultural shift in professional identity and transparent AI integration.00:00 Introduction to Today's Unique Episode01:41 The Transparency Dilemma Study03:32 Understanding the Legitimacy Discount04:07 Identity Protective Cognition and AI06:29 The Role of Professional Identity09:32 Moral Licensing and Cognitive Dissonance19:35 Systemic Issues and Forced AI Adoption22:06 Strategies for Cultural and Institutional Change25:28 Conclusion and Broader ImplicationsReferencesSchilke, O., & Reimann, M. (2025). The transparency dilemma: How AI disclosure erodes trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 188, 104405. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.Lamont, M. (1992). Money, morals, and manners: The culture of the French and the American upper-middle class. University of Chicago Press.(see past episodes for more) ★ Support this podcast ★

The Cost of Convenience: How Technology is Redefining Connection and CreativityIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the impact of technological convenience on our emotional and cognitive lives. Inspired by a conversation with Jason Miller, Leslie explores how platforms like Facebook and generative AI tools are stripping away meaningful friction from our interactions, creativity, and mental tasks, leading to reduced emotional investment and cognitive development. The episode discusses concepts like emotional labor, effort justification, intermittent reinforcement, and the importance of cognitive friction for real connection and growth. Leslie also addresses the balance between accessibility and meaningful challenge, urging listeners to choose their frictions wisely and remain intentional about the technologies they adopt.00:00 Introduction and Inspiration00:38 The Impact of Social Media on Friendships02:48 Emotional Labor and Effort Justification08:38 The Role of Friction in Creativity14:31 The Downside of Frictionless Technology18:52 Balancing Accessibility and Meaningful Engagement21:05 Conclusion: Embracing Productive FrictionReferencesAaru, J. (2025) Artificial Intelligence and the Internal Processes of Creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior. 59(2)Al-Zahrani, A.M. (2024) Balancing Act: Exploring the Interplay Between Human Judgement and Artificial Intelligence in Problem-Solving, Creativity, and Decision-Making. IgMin Research. 2(3): 145-158Alter, A. L., Oppenheimer, D. M., Epley, N., & Eyre, R. N. (2007). Overcoming intuition: Metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136(4), 569–576. Bjork, R. A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In J. Metcalfe & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing about knowing (pp. 185–205). MIT Press.Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row.Dunbar, R. I. M. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6(5), 178–190.Ellis, K., & Kent, M. (2011). Disability and new media. Routledge.Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press.Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling.Risko, E. F., & Gilbert, S. J. (2016). Cognitive offloading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 676–688. Norman, D. A. (2007). The design of future things. Basic Books.Raichle, M. E., et al. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 676-682.Seligman, M. E. P. (1972). Learned helplessness. Annual Review of Medicine, 23(1), 407-412.Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257-285.Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior.Article in New Yorker on AI and Culture: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/09/01/ai-is-coming-for-culture ★ Support this podcast ★

Exploring the Psychological Depths of Liminal SpacesIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the concept of liminal spaces — those transitional zones, both physical and psychological, where we feel suspended between the past and the future. The discussion explores various examples such as airports, traffic jams, dead malls, subways, hospitals, and even digital environments. These spaces challenge our sense of time, memory, and self, creating both potential for transformation and risks like anxiety and disorientation. By understanding and navigating these in-between moments, we can harness their power for creative breakthroughs and personal growth.00:00 Introduction to Liminal Spaces01:55 The Concept of Liminality02:51 Modern Life and Liminality04:06 Airports: The Ultimate Liminal Space06:21 Dead Malls: Ghosts of Movement08:42 Traffic and Transit: Daily Liminal Encounters12:56 Hospitals and Hotels: Ambiguous Comfort15:02 Digital Liminality: The Eternal Scroll17:23 Psychological Implications of Liminal Spaces22:23 Navigating Liminal Spaces24:26 Conclusion: Embracing the In-BetweenReferencesArnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press.Augé, M. (1995). Non-places: Introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity (J. Howe, Trans.). Verso.Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Polity Press.Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56(2), 105-111.Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. Harper Perennial.Evans, G. W., Hygge, S., & Bullinger, M. (1995). Chronic noise and psychological stress. Psychological Science, 6(6), 333–338.Goffman, E. (1963). Behavior in public places: Notes on the social organization of gatherings. Free Press.Lin, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Lee, Y. H., Lin, P. H., Lin, S. H., & Chang, L. R. (2019). Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying predictors and consequences. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 115, 84–90.Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 676–682.Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2006). The restless mind. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 946–958.Smith, S. M., & Vela, E. (2001). Environmental context-dependent memory: A review and meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(2), 203–220.Thomassen, B. (2009). The uses and meanings of liminality. International Political Anthropology, 2(1), 5–27.Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 1–25.Turner, V. (1969). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Aldine.Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224(4647), 420–421.van Gennep, A. (1909). The rites of passage. University of Chicago Press. ★ Support this podcast ★

The Power of Micro Joys: Building Psychological Resilience through Tiny PleasuresIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the concept of micro joys—small, spontaneous moments of delight that contribute significantly to our mental well-being. Contrary to the cultural emphasis on major achievements and peak experiences, micro joys provide a sustainable foundation for psychological resilience. Backed by research in positive psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral science, the episode reveals how these tiny positive experiences can help manage stress, depression, and burnout. Leslie discusses how to identify and savor these moments, emphasizing that they are accessible to everyone, require no special circumstances, and can be especially beneficial during difficult times.00:00 Introduction to Micro Joys01:47 The Science Behind Micro Joys03:48 Characteristics of Micro Joys05:55 Micro Joys vs. Other Positive Practices12:05 Micro Joys in Mental Health21:54 Practical Tips for Noticing Micro Joys25:17 Conclusion and Final Thoughts ★ Support this podcast ★

PsyberSpace: Understanding the Psychology of Stochastic TerrorismIn this special episode of PsyberSpace, hosted by Leslie Poston, the focus is on the psychology of stochastic terrorism, particularly in the wake of the shooting of political pundit Charlie Kirk. The episode explores how public figures use mass communication to incite violence indirectly through loaded language and dehumanizing rhetoric. It looks into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, including moral disengagement and emotional manipulation. The episode also discusses the global impact of American stochastic rhetoric and offers strategies for resistance, such as cognitive inoculation and media literacy. Leslie emphasizes the importance of understanding and responding to this psychological manipulation to prevent further violence.00:00 Introduction to Stochastic Terrorism00:29 The Case of Charlie Kirk01:53 Understanding Stochastic Terrorism06:24 Mechanisms of Dehumanization13:41 The Role of Media and Rhetoric17:44 Global Impact and Historical Context22:09 Psychological Aftermath of Violence28:21 Empathy and Moral Boundaries33:01 Recognizing and Resisting Stochastic Messaging38:04 Conclusion and Call to ActionResearch notes coming soon. ★ Support this podcast ★

Unseen Grief: Navigating Disenfranchised and Ambiguous LossIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the often overlooked and invalidated forms of grief that extend beyond traditional mourning. Discussing the concept of 'disenfranchised grief,' the episode delves into how economic systems and societal norms suppress acknowledgment of certain types of loss. From the unexpected death of a first love to ongoing ambiguous losses, Poston examines how these unacknowledged forms of grief affect our mental and physical health. She highlights the limitations of traditional grief models and emphasizes the need for more inclusive and validating support systems. The episode also tackles the political and structural issues surrounding grief, arguing that acknowledging and integrating our losses is crucial for emotional well-being.00:00 Introduction to Sneaky Grief01:33 Understanding Disenfranchised Grief04:00 Personal Story: The Unexpected Call06:06 The Continuing Bonds Model08:35 Ambiguous Loss and Its Impact11:20 The Political Side of Grief15:27 The Physiology of Grief17:33 Prolonged Grief Disorder19:16 Collective and Marginalized Grief21:11 Conclusion: Validating All Forms of GriefReferencesAlbuquerque, S., Teixeira, A. M., & Rocha, J. C. (2021). COVID-19 and disenfranchised grief. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 638874.Boss, P. (2006). Loss, trauma, and resilience: Therapeutic work with ambiguous loss. W. W. Norton.Cesur-Soysal, G., & Arı, E. (2024). How we disenfranchise grief for self and other: An empirical study. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 88(2), 620-637.Djelantik, A. A. A. M. J., Smid, G. E., Mroz, A., Kleber, R. J., & Boelen, P. A. (2020). The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in bereaved individuals following unnatural losses: Systematic review and meta regression analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 146-156.Doka, K. J. (1989). Disenfranchised grief: Recognizing hidden sorrow. Lexington Books.Hewson, H., et al. (2023). The impact of continuing bonds following bereavement: A systematic review. Death Studies, 47(7), 762-775.Hopf, S. M., Riegel, B., Waters, C., Tamres, L., Good, M., Penner, A., & Guo, W. (2020). Neuroendocrine mechanisms of grief and bereavement: A systematic review and implications for future interventions. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 32(8), e12887.Klass, D., Silverman, P. R., & Nickman, S. L. (Eds.). (2014). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Taylor & Francis.O'Connor, M. F. (2019). Grief: A brief history of research on how body, mind, and brain adapt. Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine.Phillip, L. (2024, July 8). Grief accrues faster than sick days: A reflection on pain, place, and productivity. The Philanthropist Journal. Retrieved from https://thephilanthropist.ca/2024/07/grief-accrues-faster-than-sick-days-a-reflection-on-pain-place-and-productivity/Phillips, C. S., Trainum, K., & Thomas Hebdon, M. C. (2025). Hidden in plain sight: A scoping review of professional grief in healthcare and charting a path for change. Health Services Insights. Sage Journals.Pitimson, N. (2021). Work after death: An examination of the relationship between grief, emotional labour, and the lived experience of returning to work after a bereavement. Sociological Research Online, 26(3), 590-606Prigerson, H. G., Boelen, P. A., Xu, J., Smith, K. V., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2021). Validation of the new DSM-5-TR criteria for prolonged grief disorder and the PG-13-Revised (PG-13-R) scale. World Psychiatry, 20(1), 96-106.Sandberg, S., & Grant, A. (2017). Option B: Facing adversity, building resilience, and finding joy. KnopfStroebe, M., Schut, H., & Boerner, K. (2017). Cautioning health-care professionals: Bereaved persons are misguided through the stages of grief. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 74(4), 455-473.Wilson, D. M., Rodríguez-Prat, A., & Low, G. (2020). The potential impact of bereavement grief on workers, work, careers, and the workplace. Social Work in Health Care, 59(6), 335–350.   ★ Support this podcast ★

Billionaire Hoarding: A Psychological ExplorationIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the provocative idea that billionaire behavior may resemble a form of hoarding disorder, typically seen in people unable to part with physical objects. The discussion gets into the clinical understanding of hoarding, its evolutionary basis, and how similar psychological patterns might drive compulsive accumulation of wealth, power, and resources at a global scale. The episode critically examines society's celebration and protection of billionaire behaviors as opposed to recognizing their potentially pathological impact, drawing parallels between individual and systemic hoarding while proposing cultural and policy interventions. It challenges listeners to rethink how extreme wealth concentration affects democracy and social stability.00:00 Introduction: Billionaires and Hoarding02:39 Understanding Hoarding Disorder05:06 Evolutionary Roots of Hoarding06:30 Financial Hoarding: Billionaires and Beyond09:21 Personality Traits and Hoarding12:13 Cultural and Systemic Implications16:56 Interventions and Solutions25:19 Conclusion: The Path ForwardResearchBouissac, P. (2006). Hoarding behavior: A better evolutionary account of money psychology? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 181 - 182. Canale, A., & Klontz, B. (2013). Hoarding Disorder: It’s More Than Just an Obsession - Implications for Financial Therapists and Planners. Journal of Financial Therapy, 4 (2) 4. Coupé, T., & Monteiro, P. (2015). The charity of the extremely wealthy. Economic IInquiry, 54(2)Damecour, C., & Charron, M. (1998). Hoarding: a symptom, not a syndrome. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59 5, 267-72; quiz 273 . Davidson, E.J., Dozier, M.E., Pittman, J.O.E. et al. Recent Advances in Research on Hoarding. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21, 91 (2019) Dozier, M.E., & DeShong, H.L. (2022). The association between personality traits and hoarding behaviors. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 35, 53 - 58. Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). Stuff: Compulsive hoarding and the meaning of things. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Williams, L. (2000). Hoarding: A community health problem. Health & Social Care in the Community, 8(4), 229–234. Frost, R. O., Tolin, D. F., & Maltby, N. (2010). Insight-related challenges in the treatment of hoarding disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17(4), 404-413. Geddes, B., Wright, J., & Frantz, E. (2018). How dictatorships work: Power, personalization, and collapse. Cambridge University Press.Haugerud, A. (2013). No Billionaire Left Behind: Satirical Activism in America. Stanford University Press.LaSalle-Ricci, V. H., Arnkoff, D. B., Glass, C. R., Crawley, S. A., Ronquillo, J. G., & Murphy, D. L. (2006). The hoarding dimension of OCD: Psychological comorbidity and the five-factor personality model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(10), 1503–1512.Mataix-Cols, D., Frost, R. O., Pertusa, A., Clark, L. A., Saxena, S., Leckman, J. F., Stein, D. J., Matsunaga, H., & Wilhelm, S. (2010). Hoarding disorder: A new diagnosis for DSM-5? Depression and Anxiety, 27(6), 556–572. Mataix-Cols, D., Pertusa, A. , & Snowdon, J. (2011). Neuropsychological and neural correlates of hoarding: a practice-friendly review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, (5), 467-76. Mataix-Cols, D., & de la Cruz, L. F. (2018). Hoarding disorder has finally arrived, but many challenges lie ahead. World Psychiatry. 17(2):224-225Peebles, G. (2020). Hoarding and saving. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of AnthropologyPiketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Harvard University Press.Raines, A. M., Boffa, J. W., Allan, N. P., Short, N. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015). Hoarding and eating pathology: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 29-35. Rose, P. (2007). Mediators of the association between narcissism and compulsive buying: The roles of materialism and impulse control. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(4), 576–581. Steketee, G., & Frost, R. O. (2003). Compulsive hoarding: Current status of the research. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(7), 905–927. Svolik, M. W. (2008). Authoritarian reversals and democratic consolidation. American Political Science Review, 102(2), 153–168. Timpano, K. R., & Schmidt, N. B. (2013). The relationship between self-control deficits and hoarding: A multimethod investigation across three studies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(1), 13–25. Tolin, D. F. (2011). Challenges and advances in treating hoarding. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(5), 451-5. Vickers, B. D., Preston, S. D., Gonzalez, R., & Angott, A. M. (2016). Hoarders Only Discount Consumables and Are More Patient for Money. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, Article 30 West, D. M. (2014). Billionaires: Reflections on the upper crust. Brookings Institution PressWinsberg, M. E., Cassic, K. S., & Koran, L. M. (1999). Hoarding in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A report of 20 cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(9), 591–597. Zuckman, G. (2025) The Trump-Musk feud exposes America's wealth-hoarding crisis. [OPINION ARTICLE] The Guardian. (Newspaper)  Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jun/10/the-trump-musk-feud-exposes-americas-wealth-hoarding-crisis ★ Support this podcast ★

The Psychology Behind Apocalyptic Thinking and Why It’s DangerousIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the growing phenomenon of apocalyptic thinking, exploring its psychological, sociological, and cultural roots. The episode examines why some people are drawn to the idea of societal collapse and how this mindset is manifesting in modern times through various ideologies and policies. Leslie discusses historical and contemporary examples, the role of trauma, and the disturbing impact of repeated COVID-19 infections on cognitive functions. The episode also highlights the commodification and monetization of despair online and argues for collective action, mutual aid, and hope as antidotes to the lure of apocalyptic thinking. Leslie concludes by emphasizing that positive change does not require collapse, but rather, requires human connection and collective effort.00:00 Introduction to Apocalyptic Thinking01:31 Historical Fascination with Endings02:44 The Psychology Behind Apocalyptic Beliefs03:34 Accelerationism: Pushing for Collapse05:59 Christian Nationalism and Apocalyptic Theology08:55 The Impact of Continuous Conflict12:16 Neurological Effects of COVID-1914:01 The Role of Social Media in Amplifying Despair16:01 Climate Nihilism and the Elite's Response18:04 The Profitability of Collapse19:20 A Counter-Narrative: Post-Traumatic Growth21:28 Conclusion: Choosing Hope Over DespairResearchAbene, S. (2025) Pandemic brain aging: How Covid-19 affects cognitive health beyond infection. Contagion Live. https://www.contagionlive.com/view/pandemic-brain-aging-how-covid-19-impacts-cognitive-health-beyond-infectionAmerican Psychological Association. (2020). Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/02/climate-mental-healthAraújo, N., Silva, I., Campos, P. et al. Cognitive impairment 2 years after mild to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population-based study with matched-comparison groups. Sci Rep 15, 24335 (2025). Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75–78.Lewis, R. (2018). Alternative influence: Broadcasting the reactionary right on YouTube. Data & Society.Clayton, S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263.Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., & Li, H. (2023). Cognitive impairment after long COVID: current evidence and perspectives. Frontiers in Neurology, 14.Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the pleasure principle (J. Strachey, Trans.). International Psycho-Analytical Press.Ganesh R, Blitshteyn S, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Abene S, Ciccone I. A deep dive: understanding the neurological toll of long COVID. Contagion. 2024. https://www.contagionlive.com/roundtables/a-deep-dive-understanding-the-neurological-toll-of-long-covidGreenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Public self and private self (pp. 189–212). Springer.Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Pantheon Books.Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25(6), 881–919.Klein, N. (2007). The shock doctrine: The rise of disaster capitalism. Metropolitan Books.Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. W.H. Freeman.Solnit, R. (2009). A paradise built in hell: The extraordinary communities that arise in disaster. Viking.Sontag, S. (1978). Illness as metaphor. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.Tufekci, Z. (2018). YouTube, the great radicalizer. The New York Times.Turner, V. (1969). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Aldine. ★ Support this podcast ★

The Comfort Trap: How Familiarity Hampers Growth and ProgressIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the concept of comfort and how it acts as a hidden barrier to personal and societal growth. Despite its allure, comfort can prevent individuals from taking risks, learning, and embracing change. The episode digs into the psychological and neurological reasons behind our preference for comfort, and its impact on behaviors, relationships, and social structures. Poston argues that comfort not only stifles innovation and accountability but also perpetuates systemic issues like racism and inequality. She urges listeners to build their capacity for discomfort as a means to foster resilience, creativity, and meaningful progress.00:00 Introduction: The Hidden Villain in Your Life00:35 The Comfort Trap: Why We Stay Stuck03:07 The Neuroscience of Comfort and Resistance to Change08:28 Comfort in Social Dynamics and Systemic Issues11:28 The Cost of Comfort: Personal and Societal Impacts22:43 Building Discomfort Tolerance for Growth and Progress24:37 Conclusion: Embrace Discomfort for a Better FutureResearchBanaji, M. R., & Jost, J. T. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.xDarley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025589DiAngelo, R. (2018). White fragility: Why it's so hard for white people to talk about racism. Beacon Press.Feagin, J. & Picca, L. (2007) Two-Faced Racism. Routledge.Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.Jost, J. T. (2019). A quarter century of system justification theory: Questions, answers, criticisms, and societal applications. British Journal of Social Psychology, 58(2), 263-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12297Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.xKahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Klayman, J., & Ha, Y. W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.2.211Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480-498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help? Appleton-Century-Crofts.Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., & Way, B. M. (2007). Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychological Science, 18(5), 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.xOluo, I. (2018) So you want to talk about race. Seal Press.Tatum, B. D. (1997). Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?: And other conversations about race. Basic Books.Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991). Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1039-1061. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937956Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216008416717 ★ Support this podcast ★

The Secret Life of Your Inner Monologue: Navigating and Harnessing Your Inner VoiceIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the concept of the inner monologue, discussing its origins, functions, and variations across individuals and cultures. The episode digs into the impact of internal speech on decision making, emotional regulation, and self-identity. Leslie also addresses how disorders like ADHD and anxiety affect inner voices, offering practical strategies for managing critical self-talk and cultivating a more supportive inner dialogue. Listeners are encouraged to observe and reframe their inner thoughts to enhance mental wellbeing and performance.00:00 Introduction: The Inner Monologue00:49 The Role and Impact of Inner Speech04:05 Development of Inner Speech07:07 Variations in Inner Speech09:34 Inner Speech and Mental Health20:58 Transforming Your Inner Critic24:18 Conclusion: Embracing Your Inner VoiceResearchAlderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4538954Dahò, M., & Monzani, D. (2025). The multifaceted nature of inner speech: Neural and phenomenological perspectives. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 12(3), 145–167. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40611622/Gregory, D. (2020). Inner speech: New voices. Analysis, Volume 80, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 164–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anz096Gregory, D., & Langland-Hassan, P. (2023). Inner speech. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/inner-speech/Hurlburt, R. T., Heavey, C. L., & Kelsey, J. M. (2013). Toward a phenomenology of inner speaking. Consciousness and Cognition. 22(4) Pages 1477-1494McCarthy-Jones, S., & Fernyhough, C. (2011). The varieties of inner speech: Links between quality of inner speech and psychopathological variables in a sample of young adults. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1586–1593. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21880511/Morin, A. (2003). Inner speech and conscious experience. Science & Consciousness Review, No 4. https://journalpsyche.org/articles/0xc094.pdfNedergaard, J. S. K., & Lupyan, G. (2024). Not everybody has an inner voice: Behavioral consequences of anendophasia. Psychological Science, 35(4), 344–360. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241243004Alderson-Day, B. & Pearson, A. (2023). What can neurodiversity tell us about inner speech, and vice versa? A theroetical perspectiv. Cortex, 168, Pages 193-202 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001094522300206XVicente, A., & Martinez Manrique, F. (2011). Inner Speech: Nature and Functions. Philosophy Compass, 6, 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00369.x ★ Support this podcast ★

The Science Behind Women’s Superior Leadership: Breaking Biases and Embracing EffectivenessIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the compelling evidence showing that women tend to be better leaders than men. The discussion includes statistics indicating that countries led by women have fewer conflicts and better crisis management. It digs into decades of research from organizational psychology, showing women outscore men in key leadership competencies such as empathy, resilience, and emotional intelligence. Neuroscientific studies highlight differences in how male and female brains process stress, favoring collaborative and adaptive behavior in women. Despite this overwhelming evidence, gender biases and cultural stereotypes persist, preventing the recognition of women’s effectiveness in leadership roles. The episode calls for systemic changes in defining leadership, promoting qualified women, and addressing unconscious bias to improve organizational and societal success.00:00 Introduction: Women in Leadership00:30 Global Leadership Landscape01:23 Exploring Leadership Competencies03:47 Neuroscience of Crisis Management06:26 Empathy and Emotional Intelligence09:13 Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership13:46 Psychological Barriers and Bias19:22 Intersectionality in Leadership20:43 Effective Leadership Strategies23:59 Challenges of Traditional Masculine Norms27:33 Redefining Leadership Effectiveness31:24 Conclusion: The Path ForwardResearchAraujo, E. B., Araujo, N. M. M., Moreira, A. A., Herrmann, H. J., & Andrade Jr., J. S. (2016). Gender differences in scientific collaborations: Women are more egalitarian. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.05937. Capraro, V. (2018). Women are slightly more cooperative than men in one-shot prisoner’s dilemma games. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.08046. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.Hopkins, M. M., O'Neil, D. A., Bilimoria, D., & Broadfoot, A. (2021). Buried treasure: Contradictions in the perception and reality of women's leadership. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 684705. Hurlburt, R. T., Koch, M., & Heavey, C. L. (2002). Descriptive experience sampling demonstrates the connection of thinking to externally observable behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(1), 117–134.Kelan, E. K., & Wang, M. (2013). The gender quota and female leadership: Effects of the Norwegian gender quota on board chairs and CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(3), 449–466. Field, E., Krivkovich, A., McConnell, M., Yee, L. & Smith, H. (2024) Women in the Workplace 2024: The 10th‑anniversary report. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/women-in-the-workplace#/Novotney, A. (2024) Women leaders make work better. Here's the science behind how to promote them. American Psychological Association. (Blog) Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/topics/women-girls/female-leaders-make-work-betterPaustian-Underdahl, S.C., Smith Sockbeson, C.E., Hall, A.V. & Saldanha Halliday, C. (2024) Gender and Evaluations of Leadership Behaviors: A Meta-Analytic Review of 50 Years of Research. The Leadership Quarterly. Vol. 35, Iss 6Pew Research Center. (2008, August 25). Men or women: Who's the better leader?. Raval, A. (2024) Too many women excel at their jobs but are ignored for top roles. (Article) The Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/729d1a32-62bf-4d61-b3e3-0763b7fe93caRyan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2005). The glass cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions. British Journal of Management, 16(2), 81–90. Xu, H., Strassmann, J. E., & Saar-Tsechansky, M. (2024). How high-status women promote repeated collaboration among women in male-dominated contexts. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.03474. Zenger, J., & Folkman, J. (2019, June 25). Research: Women score higher than men in most leadership skills. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2019/06/research-women-score-higher-than-men-in-most-leadership-skillsZenger, J., & Folkman, J. (2020, December 30). Research: Women are better leaders during a crisis. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/12/research-women-are-better-leaders-during-a-crisis ★ Support this podcast ★

Navigating Media Consumption for Psychological Well-Being and ResistanceIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the critical issue of media consumption in the age of information overload and crisis. With facts being scrubbed from official sources and reality under attack, Poston examines the role of independent journalism and social media as lifelines to truth. The episode digs into the psychology of how we consume media, the distinction between staying informed and drowning in trauma, and the impact of the attention economy and algorithms on our emotional well-being. Drawing from psychological theories, research, and historical examples, Poston provides strategies for conscious and sustainable media engagement that honors truth, supports psychological resilience, and serves as a form of resistance.00:00 Introduction: The Importance of Conscious Media Consumption01:49 The Role of Media in Historical and Modern Crises03:01 The Attention Economy and Emotional Regulation05:19 Healthy vs. Unhealthy Media Engagement07:58 The Psychological Impact of Media Consumption18:06 Parasocial Relationships and Media21:14 The Responsibility of Media Creators24:05 Strategies for Conscious Media Consumption27:05 Conclusion: Transforming Media Consumption into ResistanceResearchCouldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2019). The costs of connection. Stanford University Press.Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577201393198Holman, E. A., Garfin, D. R., Lubens, P., & Silver, R. C. (2020). Media exposure to collective trauma, mental health, and functioning: Does it matter what you see? Clinical Psychological Science, 8*(1), 111–124Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and parasocial interaction. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215–229.Li, M., Zhou, Y., Luo, J., Liang, X., Wang, Y., Cai, H., Huang, L., Luo, X., Xiang, Q., & Huang, X. (2025). The influence of childhood trauma on social media-induced secondary traumatic stress among college students: The chain mediating effect of self-compassion and resilience. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 16(1), 2456322. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2025.2456322McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. McGraw-Hill.Nabi, R. L. (2015). Emotional flow in persuasive health messages. Health Communication, 24(3), 229–236. Oz, B., Vandekerckhove, M., & Cona, G. (2024). Impact of indirect trauma and disaster media exposure on psychological states and temporal processes: The case of 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 31(6), e70008. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70008Reinecke, L., & Oliver, M. B. (2017). Media use and well-being: Status quo and open questions. In L. Reinecke & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being: International perspectives on theory and research on positive media effects (pp. 3–13). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Thompson, R. R., Jones, N. M., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2019). Media exposure to mass violence events can fuel a cycle of distress. Science advances, 5(4), eaav3502Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework. Council of Europe.Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism. PublicAffairs. ★ Support this podcast ★

Unmasking the Dangers of 'Preventing Woke AI': A Critical AnalysisIn this midweek special of PsyberSpace, Leslie Poston addresses a significant news event: the Trump administration's signing of a federal AI action plan as well as an executive order called 'Preventing Woke AI.' Focusing on generative AI, LLM AI, and NLP AI, Poston discusses the implications of how AI, optimized for ease, can subtly reprogram societal norms and reinforce biases. The episode underscores the threat of authoritarian control through AI, the illusion of neutral AI, and the psychological effects of passive AI use. Poston also offers guidance on ethical AI usage and emphasizes the importance of staying aware and critical in the face of AI-driven convenience. The episode concludes with a call to action for supporting human rights-centered AI initiatives and pushing for protective legislation.00:00 Introduction and Context01:44 The Dangers of AI Comfort02:31 Psychological Impact of AI04:09 Bias and Ideological Control in AI07:59 The Cost of AI Comfort08:49 How to Resist and Use AI Ethically10:58 Conclusion and Final Thoughts ★ Support this podcast ★

The Myth of Meritocracy: Unpacking Workplace InequalityIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the illusion of meritocracy in the workplace. Despite the comforting narrative that hard work leads to success, systemic biases and structural inequalities often shape career outcomes more than individual effort. The episode digs into psychological concepts like the just world hypothesis and fundamental attribution error, and cultural factors such as the American Dream and survivor bias. Leslie discusses how these beliefs perpetuate inequality and internalized oppression, offering insights into how organizations and individuals can foster a more equitable environment. Tune in to learn why meritocracy is a myth and how recognizing this can lead to positive change.00:00 Introduction to Meritocracy01:43 The Just World Hypothesis and Fundamental Attribution Error03:14 The Illusion of Control and Cognitive Consistency04:57 Cultural Programming and Survivor Bias07:36 System Justification and the Matthew Effect09:37 Internalized Depression and Imposter Syndrome14:30 Algorithmic Bias and Workplace Gaslighting21:36 Challenging the Meritocracy Myth25:18 Conclusion and Call to ActionResearch ★ Support this podcast ★

Understanding Workplace Gaslighting: Causes, Effects, and SolutionsIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the psychological concept of gaslighting, with a focus on its manifestation in the workplace. Leslie digs into how workplace gaslighting mirrors interpersonal abuse, creating a toxic environment where employees doubt their reality. Examples include management minimizing concerns, contradicting realities, and fostering toxic positivity. The episode also discusses the impact on mental health, job satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness. Leslie offers strategies for identifying, documenting, and resisting gaslighting, as well as advice for leaders to create a supportive and transparent work environment.00:00 Introduction to Workplace Gaslighting01:23 Origins and Mechanisms of Gaslighting03:07 Gaslighting in Organizational Settings03:30 Research and Patterns of Workplace Gaslighting08:47 Psychological Impact on Employees13:55 Gaslighting in Layoffs and Corporate Communication18:45 Why Employees Stay in Toxic Workplaces23:54 Strategies to Combat Workplace Gaslighting27:05 Conclusion and Final ThoughtsResearch(note: more research can be found in our Season 1 episode on Gaslighting in personal relationships, as well)Collinson, D. (1994). Strategies of resistance: Power, knowledge and subjectivity in the workplace. In J. M. Jermier, D. Knights, & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Resistance and power in organizations (pp. 25–68). Taylor & Frances/Routledge.D'Cruz, P., & Noronha, E. (2011). The limits of emotional workplace friendship: Managerialist HRM bystander behaviour in the context of workplace bullying. Employee Relations. 33(3):269-288Dickson, P., Ireland, J. L., & Birch, P. (2023). Gaslighting and its application to interpersonal violence. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, 9(1), 31-46. Dorpat, T. L. (1996). Gaslighting, the double whammy, interrogation, and other methods of covert control in psychotherapy and analysis. Jason Aronson.Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological safety: The history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 23–43. El-Sayed, A. A. I., et al. (2025). Navigating toxicity: Investigating the interplay between workplace gaslighting, workaholism, and agility among nurses. Nursing Inquiry. Gabriel, Y. (2012). Organizations in a state of darkness: towards a theory of organizational miasma. Organization Studies, 33(9), 1137-1152. Graves, C. G., & Samp, J. A. (2021). The power to gaslight. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(11), 3378-3386.Hogh, A., Hoel, H., & Carneiro, I. G. (2011). Bullying and employee turnover among healthcare workers: A three-wave prospective study. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(6), 742–751. Kukreja, P., & Pandey, J. (2023). Workplace gaslighting: Conceptualization, development, and validation of a scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. Leunissen, J. M., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., & Cohen, T. R. (2016). Organizational nostalgia lowers turnover intentions by increasing work meaning: The moderating role of burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. Leunissen, J. M., van Dijke, M., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2023). Organizational nostalgia: The construct, the scale and its implications for organizational functioning. British Journal of Management. Sebring, J. (2021). Towards a sociological understanding of medical gaslighting in Western health care. Sociology of Health & Illness, 43(9), 1951–1964Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. Freeman.Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 851–875.  ★ Support this podcast ★

Coping in an Age of Chaos: Understanding Adaptive StrategiesIn this episode, host Leslie Poston digs into the multifaceted science of coping amidst today’s turbulent world. With constant exposure to political violence, environmental disasters, and social instability, many struggle to maintain mental well-being. Leslie explores the psychology behind coping, referencing the work of Richard Lazarus, Susan Folkman, and Bruce McEwen on stress responses. She discusses the roles of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping and addresses the dangers of chronic stress and learned helplessness. The episode examines how relational resilience, communal support, and collective activities can bolster coping mechanisms. Leslie also critiques the misapplication of resilience as an individual trait while highlighting its dependence on supportive environments. Listeners are encouraged to develop self-awareness, engage in mutual aid, and cultivate positive emotions as pivotal strategies for adaptive coping.00:00 Introduction: Navigating a Chaotic World01:33 Understanding the Psychology of Coping04:02 Stress Responses and Allostatic Load06:33 Coping Strategies: The Good, The Bad, and The Misunderstood10:28 The Political Implications of Learned Helplessness12:06 Resilience: Beyond the Buzzword14:57 The Power of Social Connection and Collective Coping18:29 Building Sustainable Coping Strategies23:49 Conclusion: The Radical Act of Self-CareResearchAbrutyn, S. (2023). The Roots of Social Trauma: Collective, Cultural Pain and Its Consequences. Society and Mental Health, 14(3), 240-256. Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014). The social determinants of health: it's time to consider the causes of the causes. Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 129 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), 19–31.  Braveman, P., Arkin, E., Orleans, T., Proctor, D., & Plough, A. (2017). What is health equity? And what difference does a definition make? Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Social determinants of health (SDOH).Eppler, M. J., & Mengis, J. (2004). The concept of information overload: A review of literature from organization science, accounting, marketing, MIS, and related disciplines. The Information Society, 20(5), 325–344. Erikson, K. T. (1977). Everything in its path: Destruction of community in the Buffalo Creek flood. Simon & Schuster.Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. Heitmayer, M. (2025). The second wave of attention economics: Attention as a universal symbolic currency on social media and beyond. Interacting with Computers, 37(1), 18–29. Herman, J. L. (2022). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence--From domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.Hirschberger, G. (2018). Collective trauma and the social construction of meaning. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 1441.Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (1995). In search of altruistic community: patterns of social support mobilization following Hurricane Hugo. American journal of community psychology, 23(4), 447–477. Lanham, R. A. (2006). The economics of attention: Style and substance in the age of information. University of Chicago Press. Folkman, S. (2013). Stress: Appraisal and Coping. In: Gellman, M.D., Turner, J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. Marmot M. (2005). Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet (London, England), 365(9464), 1099–1104. Menakem, R. (2017) My Grandmother's Hands: Racialized Trauma and the Pathway to Mending our Hearts and Bodies. Central Recovery Press. https://resmaa.com/merch/McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338(3), 171–179. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020). Social determinants of health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Porges S. W. (2009). The polyvagal theory: new insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 76 Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S86–S90. Porges, S. W. (2022). Polyvagal theory: A science of safety. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 16, Article 871227. Postman, N. (2005). Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business. (Postman, A. Introduction). Penguin Books.Roese, N. J., & Epstude, K. (2017). The functional theory of counterfactual thinking: New evidence, new challenges, new insights. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 1–79. Seligman, M. E. P. (1992). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. W.H. Freeman. Paperback Edition.Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), Article 25338. van der Kolk B. A. (1994). The body keeps the score: memory and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress. Harvard review of psychiatry, 1(5), 253–265. World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. WHO Press.World Health Organization. (2025). World report on social determinants of health equity. World Health Organization. ★ Support this podcast ★

The Quiet Reality of Everyday EugenicsIn this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the pervasive issue of everyday eugenics embedded in our society. Unlike historical instances marked by overt brutality, today's eugenics are subtle and ingrained in policies, healthcare, media, and cultural mindset. Leslie explores how the worth of individuals is unjustly tied to their productivity, leading to harmful social and systemic practices that marginalize people unable to meet those expectations. The episode highlights the dangerous ideologies underlying healthcare access, policy decisions, and media representation, urging listeners to name the issues, support disabled communities, challenge ableism, and push for systemic change to ensure the inherent value of every person is recognized and respected.00:00 Introduction to Everyday Eugenics01:42 The Productivity Trap03:48 Healthcare as a Gatekeeping Tool14:38 Media's Role in Shaping Perceptions17:01 Internalized Ableism and Its Consequences20:41 Challenging the System and Taking Action23:29 Conclusion and Call to ActionResearchAnnamma, S. A., Connor, D., & Ferri, B. (2013). Dis/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): Theorizing at the intersections of race and dis/ability. Race Ethnicity and Education, 16(1), 1-31.Bagenstos, S. R. (2009). Law and the contradictions of the disability rights movement. Yale University Press.Baynton, D. C. (2001). Disability and the justification of inequality in American history. In P. K. Longmore & L. Umansky (Eds.), The new disability history: American perspectives (pp. 33–57). NYU Press.Benjamin, R. (2019). Race after technology: Abolitionist tools for the new Jim code. Polity Press.Blanck, P., Sandler, L. A., Schmeling, J. L., & Schartz, H. A. (2000). The emerging workforce of entrepreneurs with disabilities: Preliminary study of entrepreneurship in Iowa. Iowa Law Review, 85(5), 1583-1668.Butler, J. (2004). Precarious life: The powers of mourning and violence. Verso.Calvillo, D. P., Ross, B. J., Garcia, R. J., Smelter, T. J., & Rutchick, A. M. (2020). Political ideology predicts perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 (and susceptibility to fake news about it). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(8), 1119-1128.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Racial and ethnic disparities continue in pregnancy-related deaths. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/p0919-pregnancy-related-deaths.htmlConnor, D. J., & Gabel, S. L. (2013). "Cripping" the curriculum through academic activism: Working toward increasing success for students with disabilities. Review of Disability Studies, 9(1), 12-27.Garland-Thomson, R. (2002). The politics of staring: Visual rhetorics of disability in popular photography. Disability Studies Quarterly, 22(2), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v22i2.369Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 43–67). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Green, J., Edgerton, J., Naftel, D., Shoub, K., & Cranmer, S. J. (2020). Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication on the COVID-19 pandemic. Science Advances, 6(28), eabc2717. Hart, P. S., Chinn, S., & Soroka, S. (2020). Politicization and polarization in COVID-19 news coverage. Science Communication, 42(5), 679-697.Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25(6), 881–919. Michener, J. (2018). Fragmented democracy: Medicaid, federalism, and unequal politics. Cambridge University Press.Mingus, M. (2011). Access intimacy: The missing link. Leaving Evidence. https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2011/05/05/access-intimacy-the-missing-link/Mingus, M. (2017). Pod Mapping Practice. Bay Area Transformative Justice Collective.Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science, 366(6464), 447–453. Pendo, E. A. (2008). Disability, equipment barriers, and women’s health: Using the ADA to provide meaningful access. Saint Louis University Journal of Health Law & Policy, 2(1), 15–46.Slovic, P. (2007). If I look at the mass I will never act: Psychic numbing and genocide. Judgment and Decision Making, 2(2), 79–95.Slovic, P., Västfjäll, D., Erlandsson, A., & Gregory, R. (2017). Iconic photographs and the ebb and flow of empathic response to humanitarian disasters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(4), 640-644.Spade, D. (2020). Mutual aid: Building solidarity during this crisis (and the next). Verso Books.Weber, M. (2002). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism (Original work published 1905). Routledge.Wendell, S. (1996). The rejected body: Feminist philosophical reflections on disability. Routledge.Update July 3rd: I just came across this book by Lisa Diedrich that is relevant as well: https://manifold.umn.edu/projects/llness-politics-and-hashtag-activism    ★ Support this podcast ★