Stories from Upanishads

This is a new series within my podcast "Stories from Upanishads" where in I will read out some sections /excerpts from some of the important books and writings on Upanishads by great scholars and thinkers. I hope you will find this episode interesting. I am reading this section from the book Messages of the Upanishads, section "Beyond Time and Space." Please follow and subscribe to my podcast series, "Stories from Upanishads," available on all major podcast platforms. Also, please do subscribe and like my YouTube channel, where you will find visuals along with audio experiences, visit - https://www.youtube.com/@StoriesfromUpanishads

Today's story is taken from Maitreya Upanishad. This story is featured in chapter 1 of the Upanishad. This chapter describes the dialogue between the great ascetic king Brihaadratha from the Ikshvaaku dynasty or Solar dynasty and Sage Saakaayana. Please like, share, subscribe and download my podcast “Stories from Upanishads”, available on multiple podcast streaming platforms. Also, visit my website https://www.storiesfromupanishads.com, listen to my earlier podcast episodes, and read some of the blogs available.From now on my podcast will also be available on Youtube. You can search YouTube using the following link - https://www.youtube.com/@StoriesfromUpanishads/featured#upanishads#upanishad#maitreyaUpanishad#aatman

The part 2 of Maandukya Upanishad deals with "AUM". It describes verses 8-12 from the Upanishad. It tells us about "AUM", how do you pronounce it? What happens when you chant "AUM" and many other secrets lying hidden in the syllable "AUM"?How it is connected to Viraat Purush, Hiraanyagarbha, Ishwara and Brahman? Why silence is "Turiya" the fourth quarter of Aatman? How do you perform Aum Kara Dhyaanam?Come with me and dive into a journey full of mysticism and unknowns. This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.” Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya GoswamiYou can listen to all my podcast episodes in my exclusive website: https://www.storiesfromupanishads.comalso, you can read through some of my blogs and shop at ExoticIndia. ExoticIndia has a fabulous collection of rare books, jewellery, art objects and paintings. Spotify link: https://spoti.fi/3DVRcofAmazon Music: https://amzn.to/3qxbaCFGaana link: https://bit.ly/3KC9GxVApple Podcast link: https://apple.co/3ORZrrHGoogle Podcast link: https://bit.ly/3QybEDg#upanishads#upanishad#upanishadstories#upanishadquotes#upanishadganga#upnisads#mahavaakya#mahavaakyas#mandukyaupanishad#mandukya#storiesfromupanishads#storiesfromupnishad#vedic#adwaita#advaitavedanta#advaita#advaitavedānta

This is the 1st part of the Maandukya Upanishad in which the teacher describes the 4 states of Self. This episode also describes one of the Mahaavaakya from Upanishad -"Ayam Aatma Brahma" which means - "This Self is Brahman". As told in Muktika Upanishad, Maandukya Upanishad is the most important of all the 108 Upanishads. So come on friends, let's embark on a journey to know more about this wonderful ancient text. This podcast is available on almost all podcast platforms such as - Apple Podcast, Spotify, Amazon Music, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Blubrry Podcasts, and many other podcast players.You can listen to the podcast on my exclusive website https://www.storiesfromupanishads.com. Furthermore, as a bonus, you can read through some interesting blogs and shop from ExoticIndia. ExoticIndia is India’s leading online store where you can find rare books, brass articles, idols, and many others.Also, I would request you all to like, share, follow, and download the podcast. Also, leave some of your valuable comments and reviews on various platforms you are listening to. Also, you can get in touch with me by writing to me at arghyathinks@gmail.com.Spotify link -https://open.spotify.com/show/7cls2BIlQSD9Suyiikz6moAmazon music: https://music.amazon.in/podcasts/a5296ad4-00c3-453d-9215-a99466971d20/stories-from-upanishadsGaana link - https://gaana.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-season-1Apple Podcast link - https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771 Google Podcast link - https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5odWJob3BwZXIuY29tLzkxNmQ3NTdiMGUxZjM3NTk3NjQwN2MxN2M2ODFjNTE0LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ9sEGahcKEwiwgOjmjJX6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQVgPodcastindex - https://podcastindex.org/podcast/5687603PodTail - https://podtail.com/en/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771?ign-itscg=30200&ign-itsct=podtail_podcastsPodcast addict - https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4096844Hubhopper - https://hubhopper.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/406300https://www.audacy.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-ccbb7https://podtail.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27430303/https://www.boomplay.com/podcasts/59201?srModel=COPYLINK&srList=WEBhttps://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/stories-from-upanishads-4881609/episodes/recenthttps://www.scribd.com/podcast-show/598492571/Stories-from-Upanishadshttps://www.ivoox.com/en/podcast-stories-from-upanishads_sq_f11669529_1.htmlStitcher Link - https://www.stitcher.com/show/1076716Pandora link - https://www.pandora.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/PC:1001076716blubrry podcast - https://blubrry.com/2491435This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.” Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami#upanishads #upanishadquotes #upanishad #upanishadstories #upanishadstudy #upnishads #upnishadganga #vedic #philosophy #vedicphilosophy #sanatandharma #sanatan #hinduism #stories #storiesfromUpanishads#applepodcasts #spotifypodcast #spotifypodcasts #spotifypodcastsindia #googlepodcasts #hubhopper #hubhopperpodcasts #indianpodcast #india#mandukyaupanishad#imdb#vedantaphilosophy#vedanta#advaita#advaitaphilosophy#adishankaracharya#statesofconsciousness#hiranyagarba#viratpurush#vaishvanaara

Dear friends,I am back with the next part of the story - "What are the paths of liberation". The episode will tell you about types of Vaasanaas or desires, what are the fluctuations of the mind and how to control it, what are jivan mukti and Videha mukti. I hope you will love this episode as you have loved the previous part. Please visit the website, https://www.storiesfromupanishads.com, read the blogs, and listen to the earlier episodes. Also, you can shop from ExoticIndia, which houses a great collection of collectibles, rare books and artefacts. Please click on the button "Shop Now" to access the website. Do write to me in my email arghyathinks@gmail.com as many of my listeners often write to me and discuss with me various topics. Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit. Excerpts from the Mangal Bhavan are taken from Ramacharitamanas, sung by Anup Jalota. The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami#upanishads#upnisads#upanisads#satyamevajayate#podcasts#StoriesfromUpanishads#MundakaUpanishad#NationalMotto#NationalEmblem#Spotify#GaanaPodcast#podcastshow#podcaster#GaanaPodcast#amazonmusicPodcast#spotifypodcast#podcast#podcasting#podcastshow#podcaster#podcastlife#Hubhopper#podtail#googlepodcasts#applepodcasts#podbeanpodcast#upanishads #upanishad #upanishadquotes #upanishadquotes #indianpodcast #indianscriptures #vedic #indianphilosophy #podcastindia #indiapodcast #indiapodcasters #vedicposts #spiritualpodcast #spiritualpodcasts #spiritualpodcasting #upanishad #upnishads

Muktika Upanishad is the last of the 108 Upanishads which is derived from Shukla Yajur Veda. I have extracted this story from this upanishad which presents a dialogue between Lord Shree Ramchandra and Lord Hanuman, where in Hanuman asks Lord Ram about the vedanta, upanishads and paths of salvation. This episode features adhyaya 1 or chapter 1 from the Upanishad.Do you know what are the 108 Upanishads? How they are categorised? What are the different shanti mantras of each category of Upanishad? What are the different paths of liberation? What is "Kaivalya", the highest state of emancipation? To know more, please listen to this episode. Please don’t forget to like, subscribe, follow, rate and leave some review comments on my podcast series - Stories from Upanishads and on this episode. Do write to me in my email arghyathinks@gmail.com as many of my listeners often write to me and discuss with me on various topics.Also do visit the exclusive website of my podcast series - "Stories from Upanishads". The url is https://www.storiesfromupanishads.com/ to get some more information in form of blogs, collection of all my previous podcast episodes and an exciting offer from ExoticIndia. ExoticIndia which offers a unique selection of products that reflect the cultural traditions and lifestyle of India. You can directly access their website using the link provided in the button “Shop now” in my website.Direct link to Exotic India -https://www.exoticindiaart.com/sculptures/brass/aff11769/

Satyameva Jayate Na-anrtam - satyena panthaa vitato devayaanah |Yen-aakramanty-rsayo hyaapta-kaamaa - Yatr tat satyasya paramam nidhaanam ||Which means - Truth alone triumphs not untruth. By truth is laid out the divine path, which the seers who are free from desires, reach to the supreme abode of truth”.This is story from Mundaka Upanishad and describes a dialogue between Sage Angiras and his student Shaunaka. What are the two types of knowledge? Which one is the lower and which one is the higher? What is Satyam or Truth? Can Aatman and Brahman reside in the same body?Many questions are answered in this story. So hold on tight and enjoy the story from which our national motto was taken. Visit my website: https://www.storiesfromupanishads.com/Visit ExoticIndia via link:https://www.exoticindiaart.com/sculptures/brass/aff11769/Spotify link -https://open.spotify.com/show/7cls2BIlQSD9Suyiikz6moAmazon music: https://music.amazon.in/podcasts/a5296ad4-00c3-453d-9215-a99466971d20/stories-from-upanishadsGaana link - https://gaana.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-season-1Apple Podcast link - https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771 Google Podcast link - https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5odWJob3BwZXIuY29tLzkxNmQ3NTdiMGUxZjM3NTk3NjQwN2MxN2M2ODFjNTE0LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ9sEGahcKEwiwgOjmjJX6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQVgPodcastindex - https://podcastindex.org/podcast/5687603PodTail - https://podtail.com/en/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771?ign-itscg=30200&ign-itsct=podtail_podcastsPodcast addict - https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4096844Hubhopper - https://hubhopper.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/406300https://www.audacy.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-ccbb7https://podtail.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27430303/https://www.boomplay.com/podcasts/59201?srModel=COPYLINK&srList=WEBhttps://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/stories-from-upanishads-4881609/episodes/recenthttps://www.scribd.com/podcast-show/598492571/Stories-from-Upanishadshttps://www.ivoox.com/en/podcast-stories-from-upanishads_sq_f11669529_1.html#upanishads #upanishadquotes #upanishad #upanishadstories #upanishadstudy #upnishads #upnishadganga #vedic #philosophy #vedicphilosophy #sanatandharma #sanatandharma #hinduism #stories #storiesofupanishads#storiesfromupanishads #applepodcasts #spotifypodcast #spotifypodcasts #spotifypodcastsindia #googlepodcasts #hubhopper #hubhopperpodcasts #indianpodcast #india #prashnaupanishads #imdb #aum #om

This episode is in continuation of last week's podcast episode on Prashna Upanishad - Shat Prashna. It is a collection of 6 questions asked by 6 different students to their guru Sage Pipalada. In today's episode, the next 3 set of questions and their responses are retold. The 4th question was asked by Gaargya on what is that thing which sleeps when a man sleeps which awakes when he is awakened, who really sees his dreams? The 5th question was asked by Satyakama Saiba on benefits of chanting AUM and how one must recite it. The last question was asked by Sukesha Bharadwaja on 16 parts of Aatman. This episode also has a small snippet from Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan's famous bhajan = "Hari Aum Tat Sat"So sit back and enjoy today's episode which is treasured with importance of reciting AUM. Hari Aum Tat Sat on Youtube -https://youtu.be/SzZ-Fm7Q1x0Spotify link -https://open.spotify.com/show/7cls2BIlQSD9Suyiikz6moAmazon music: https://music.amazon.in/podcasts/a5296ad4-00c3-453d-9215-a99466971d20/stories-from-upanishadsGaana link - https://gaana.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-season-1Apple Podcast link - https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771 Google Podcast link - https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5odWJob3BwZXIuY29tLzkxNmQ3NTdiMGUxZjM3NTk3NjQwN2MxN2M2ODFjNTE0LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ9sEGahcKEwiwgOjmjJX6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQVgPodcastindex - https://podcastindex.org/podcast/5687603PodTail - https://podtail.com/en/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771?ign-itscg=30200&ign-itsct=podtail_podcastsPodcast addict - https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4096844Hubhopper - https://hubhopper.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/406300https://www.audacy.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-ccbb7https://podtail.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27430303/https://www.boomplay.com/podcasts/59201?srModel=COPYLINK&srList=WEBhttps://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/stories-from-upanishads-4881609/episodes/recenthttps://www.scribd.com/podcast-show/598492571/Stories-from-Upanishadshttps://www.ivoox.com/en/podcast-stories-from-upanishads_sq_f11669529_1.htmlHost feed -This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.”Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami#upanishads #upanishadquotes #upanishad #upanishadstories #upanishadstudy #upnishads #upnishadganga #vedic #philosophy #vedicphilosophy #sanatandharma #sanatan #hinduism #stories #storiesofUpanishads#applepodcasts #spotifypodcast #spotifypodcasts #spotifypodcastsindia #googlepodcasts #hubhopper #hubhopperpodcasts #indianpodcast #india#prashnaupanishads#imdb

This is the part 1 of Shat Prashna or 6 questions from Prashna Upanishad. Once 6 hermits named Sukeshaa Bharadwaja, the descendant of Sage Bharadwaja, Saibya Satyakama, the grandson of Surya named Sauryaayani, Gaargya from the line of Garga, Kausalya Aasvalaayana the son of Asvala, Vaidarbhi Bhargava from the line of Bhrigu and Kabandhii Kaatyaana, the great grandson of Kaatya asked the great sage Pippalada 6 various questions. This episode will cover 1st 3 questions which is about Origins of Life, How many Gods are there and which one is the greatest god in human body, How is Praana born? Friends, sit back and listen to my latest episode - Shat Prashna or 6 Questions from Prashna Episode Part 1, in you favorite podcast show "Stories from Upanishads" available on ApplePodcasts, Spotify, AmazonMusic, GooglePodcasts and many other podcast platforms. Spotify link -https://open.spotify.com/show/7cls2BIlQSD9Suyiikz6moAmazon music: https://music.amazon.in/podcasts/a5296ad4-00c3-453d-9215-a99466971d20/stories-from-upanishadsGaana link - https://gaana.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-season-1Apple Podcast link - https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771 Google Podcast link - https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5odWJob3BwZXIuY29tLzkxNmQ3NTdiMGUxZjM3NTk3NjQwN2MxN2M2ODFjNTE0LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ9sEGahcKEwiwgOjmjJX6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQVgPodcastindex - https://podcastindex.org/podcast/5687603PodTail - https://podtail.com/en/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771?ign-itscg=30200&ign-itsct=podtail_podcastsPodcast addict - https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4096844Hubhopper - https://hubhopper.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/406300#upanishads #upanishadquotes #upanishad #upanishadstories #upanishadstudy #prashnaupanishad#upnishads #upnishads #upnishadganga #vedic #philosophy #vedicphilosophy #sanatandharma #sanatan #hinduism #stories #storiesofUpanishads#applepodcasts #spotifypodcast #spotifypodcasts #spotifypodcastsindia #googlepodcasts #hubhopper #hubhopperpodcasts #indianpodcast #india

This is a story from Chandogya Upanishad. In this story devarishi Narada seeks teachings from his brother and sage Sanatkumara on how to attain infinite happiness or Bhumaiva Sukham. This episode also touches upon an another interesting story about Sanatkumar and Lord Shiva. So dear friends, sit tight for an another interesting episode on Stories from Upanishads. Please subscribe, follow, like, download or put in your review comments. Some of the links of my podcast on the various players are -Spotify link -https://open.spotify.com/show/7cls2BIlQSD9Suyiikz6moAmazon music: https://music.amazon.in/podcasts/a5296ad4-00c3-453d-9215-a99466971d20/stories-from-upanishadsGaana link - https://gaana.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads-season-1Apple Podcast link - https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/stories-from-upanishads/2617f637-1e90-4e6a-b01f-c6f312ebe77bGoogle Podcast link - https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5odWJob3BwZXIuY29tLzkxNmQ3NTdiMGUxZjM3NTk3NjQwN2MxN2M2ODFjNTE0LnJzcw?sa=X&ved=0CAMQ9sEGahcKEwiwgOjmjJX6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQVgPodcastindex - https://podcastindex.org/podcast/5687603PodTail - https://podtail.com/en/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/id1645159771?ign-itscg=30200&ign-itsct=podtail_podcastsPodcast addict - https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4096844Hubhopper - https://hubhopper.com/podcast/stories-from-upanishads/406300#podcast#podcasting#jupitrr_audio#jupitrr#Spotify#GaanaPodcast#podcastshow#podcaster#GaanaPodcast#amazonmusicPodcast#spotifypodcast#podcast#podcasting#podcastshow#podcaster#podcastlife#Hubhopper#podtail#googlepodcasts#applepodcasts#podbeanpodcast#upanishads #upanishad #upanishadquotes #upanishadquotes #indianpodcast #indianscriptures #vedic #indianphilosophy #podcastindia #indiapodcast #indiapodcasters #vedicposts #spiritualpodcast #spiritualpodcasts #spiritualpodcasting #upanishad #upnishads #hinduism

What are desires? What are dreams? How does the soul transmigrate? Is Self Indeed Brahman? Is Self the light for the man, when there is no sun, moon or fire? All these questions are answered in the episode - Yagnavalkya and King Janaka part 2, which is the concluding part of the question and answer session between the two learned men from ancient India. This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.”Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources such as pixebay with royalty free rights, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami

BU presents most of the stories from the life of the ancient vedic sage Yagnavalkya and many of them also feature King Janaka of Videha. Today's story is part 1 of never ending conversation between the Sage and the King. In this story, the king learns about Speech, Sight, Hearing, Vital Force, Mind and Heart are forms of Supreme Brahman! Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.”Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Ananda Shankar - Subh the Auspicious, - Internet ArchivesBoom - geomorphic Cinematic trailer, - Pixabay.comDark Sad Ambient Piano Pixabay.comAsian Ceremony - Internet ArchivesPrank - Pixabay.comSitar and Tanpura - Internet ArchivesSynth Bass - Apple LoopsIndian Dreams Sitar - Apple LoopsCountry Fun - Pixabay.comAum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya GoswamiCo-narrated by : Jiniya Goswami

What is immortality?Knowing that “Truth” itself is "Immortality"! Freedom from all fears is "Immortality"! Fear of death, fear of poverty, fear of insecurity, fear of pain and sorrow, fear of losing a near one, fear of unknown, beyond these fears lies "immortality".Why do we love our spouse, parents or children?We love our spouse, parents and our children not because we love them rather because we love ourselves. We love our "Self" or "Aatman"! The “Self” or “Aatman” is everything! Everything springs from the “Self”, it dissolves in It and remains imbued with It during continuance, for it cannot be perceived apart from the “Self”. Therefore everything is “Self”!Just as a lump of salt when dissolve completely in water and cannot be taken out of it again, but the salt makes every drop of that water salty, similarly, does the individual "Self or Aatman" dissolves into the limitless “Being” or "Brahman" and cannot be separated from it. Although that “Being” itself carries in it the essence of every individual "Self". After death, there is no body and once the body is no more, the "Self" or "Aatman" dissolves into "Brahman" and there is nothing to perceive!The means of immortality is the knowledge of the “Aatman”, with the renunciation of everything as part of it. When “That” is known, whole universe is known. It is dearer than everything else, hence it must be realised when it is heard from a spiritual teacher or guru and reflected through reasoning or logical contemplation. Our bodies are a powerhouse of energy, which helps us to sustain throughout our lifetime. When our body dies, this energy is released and becomes a part of the energy that sustains the world. This energy helps plants to grow, animals to reproduce, earth and other planets stay in their individual orbits, bring atoms together to make molecules and everything and anything else in this universe. It is the same vibrant energy in all organisms and celestial bodies although it is so fabulously diverse array of bodies, shapes and forms. That cosmic energy, has been around since before the earth existed, is the reason the world exists and will be there well after the universe is gone. So realise that “You” are the cosmic energy, it stands to reason that "You" will be around forever. This is immortality, at least feels like immortality.Let's find out in today's story on Yagnavalkya and Maitreyi.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.”Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada,“The Brihdaaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya GoswamiCo-narrated by : Jiniya Goswami

My dear friends and listeners, it’s been a while I could upload any new episode. The reason being multiple, but here I am with a new story from the Upanishads. Before I begin, my earnest request to you to follow, subscribe, like, share and download my podcast. It will immensely help me to keep going and provide you with these contents. Also please do write to me at my email address arghyathinks@gmail.com. I receive emails from my listeners and we discuss lot of things and often goes into a discovery session on various questions. It’s real fun and interesting. Today’s story is a follow up or continuation stories from three characters on which I have already told you earlier. Pravahana’s story was discussed in Episode 14 i.e. Story of 3 friends - Pravahana, Silaka and Chaikitayana and Uddalaka Aaruni and Shwetaketu’s story was discussed in Episode 15 - Tat Tvam Asi - Story of Uddalaka Aaruni and Shwetaketu. I would highly recommend you to listen to them to understand the continuity.As per the book - The character of the Self in Ancient India by Brian Black brings in portrayal of character contributes in philosophical position of the texts. Such as the character of Shwetaketu, which has been mentioned in the Brihaddarankya Upanishad, Chhandogya Upanishads and Kausitaki Upanishad. As per Upanishadic researcher Patrick Olivelle, there are variations in the character and presentation and different Upanishads present the same story in a different ways. He argues that this variation in presentation is deliberate and that each version has its own narrative logic. So different portrayals of Shwetaketu and Pravahana Jaivali in different Upanishads tells us something about the overall stance. Olivelle concluded that Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad favors the east and is critical about Kuru-Paanchala Brahmins and presents Shwetaketu as a rude and spoiled brahmin. However in Chhandogya Upanishad the portrayal is more conservative and presents the story of Shwetaketu and Uddalaka Aaruni more positively. Thus portrayal of certain characters in the Upanishads is a part of narrative strategy and political positioning of the texts. If incase you have not listened to my story of Tat Tvam Asi, please do listen to that episode. In Brihaadaaranyaka and Chhandogya Upanishad, Shwetaketu’s story introduces the teachings of five fires and the two paths whereas in Kausitaki Upanishad it introduces the doctrine of the path to heaven. Another important point to note is that in CU seem to emphasize on the formal instructions between the teacher and student more such as Story of Tat Tvam Asi. BU focuses mostly on debates such as stories of Yaagnavalkya. Today’s story is featured in Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad Chapter 6, section 2. Chronologically this story falls after episode 15, when Shwetaketu gained the knowledge of Tat Tvam Asi from his father Uddalaka Aaruni. As per book - “Political History of Ancient India” by Hemchandra Raychaudhuri, Pravahana Jaivali was a Paanchaala king and contemporary to King Janaka of Videha. We have already heard his story when he and his two other friends exchanged their experiences of Brahman and how he brought out the significance of Om. As a king Pravahana was a good ruler and was ruling his kingdom as per the ancient Hindu Polity as explained by Bheeshma in Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. Pravahana was a man of action, knower of truth and a preceptor of Aatman.  As we have seen that courtroom of King Janaka of Videha was filled with scholars and well-versed brahmins, so was King Pravahana’s courtroom. It was also filled with innumerable eminent scholars and brahmins questing for fame, name and money. Today’s story begins from the point when Shwetaketu weaponised with the knowledge of vedas and true knowledge from his father about Brahman comes to King Pravahana’s courtroom. Completely drenched in arrogance about the knowledge of vedas and Brahman, which he used as a means to measure other’s knowledge, asks the guards of the courtroom seeking to see the king.The guards informed the king about Shwetaketu’s arrival. Pravahana knew about the deadly pride, which has coiled Shwetaketu completely like a python. He also knew that this will not bring any fame rather will only aid in his downfall. So he decided to teach him a lesson. He asked the guards to bring him in the courtroom.As Shwetaketu entered boldly, he saw great scholars, wise men and courtmen sitting in the courtroom. They were all looking at him. They were curious to know about what will happen next. Shwetaketu burned with his pride didn’t bother to pay much heed to these great scholars and rather walked up straight to the king. The king smiled and without showing much respect said -“Oh boy! Have you been taught by your father?”King Pravahana being a Kshatriya, addressing a Brahmin in this manner was quite unexpected. This shook Shwetaketu and other brahmins in the court room. Taken a back, Shwetaketu replied -“Yes sir!”“If you have a doubt, please question me!”The king nodded and smiled and thought for a while. Then he asked the brahmin -“Do you know how it is that the beings travel over different paths after death? How they would return to this world?Shwetaketu was not expecting such a question. He had no idea on what he would respond to. So he said -“No sir, I don’t know about it!”The king asked his next question -“How is it that the world of the dead is never filled although many die and pass away?” Before Shwetaketu could answer anything, the king asked his next question -“ How does the water that is offered as oblation rises and speaks with the human voice as it were?”The king continued his next question - “What is Devayana that is access to the way of the gods and Pitriyana or the access to the way of the manes and how does one gain access to them?”Then the king continued, we have heard the words of the mantra from the sages - Dwe suti ashri-na-vam pitrinaa -Maham devaa-naa-mut matyaarnaam,Taabhya-midam vishwa-me-jatsameti,Yadantra Pitram Maatram cha || iti;Naahamat ekanchan vedeti howach||Which means - I have heard of two routes for men, leading to the gods and to then manes. Going along with them all this is united. They lie between the father i.e. heaven and the mother i.e earth. Shwetaketu was completely stumped, he was at the loss of words and could only nod and said “Sir, I dont know them!”These questions pertained to the secret lore of the Kshatriyas, and had been jealously guarded by them as Raajaguhya or royal secret. Completely uprooted Shwetaketu stood there in the courtroom not knowing what to do next. The king invited him to stay. He asked the court ladies to bring water for washing his feet and customary offerings for the respected guests. Shwetaketu rejected the invite and hurried away from the court room. Boiling with anger, he came back to his father the Sage Uddalaka Aaruni. He was so angry that he didn’t even greeted his parents. The sage knew something was cooking up. Shwetaketu asked his father - “Father, how do you say that you have taught me everything, every branch of knowledge?”Sage asked - “What happened my child? You seemed to be hurt by someone”Angry Shwetaketu roared - “That wretched Kshatriya King Pravahana asked me questions and I didn’t know the answers to any one of them! See how I am disgraced in the court room filled with scholars and learned men and women. I could not answer even one question asked by that Kshatriya and it is all because of you!”Then Shwetaketu told his father about the questions which the king had asked!On hearing these questions, the sage told his son - “My child, believe me, I have taught you everything I knew of. As far as Pravahana’s questions unfortunately I too don’t have complete answers to them. That’s why they weren’t taught to you.”Let me propose you something my child, let us both go to the king’s court as a seeker of truth and as students. Shwetaketu was adamant, and refused to go as he thought he was humiliated by the king in the courtroom. He could not bear any single moment in that courtroom. After repeated pleading, the sage failed to convince his son. Uddalaka decided to go alone. He went to the courtroom of the king and with all humility greeted all the scholars and the king. The reception that awaited him was entirely different. The king gave him a seat, washed his feet, and made him the reverential offerings of cattle and horses. With all humility he told the king - “I am grateful to you my king, for all the honour and offer of gifts! But I haven’t come here for the sake of gifts. I have come here to seek the answers to the questions you have asked my son Shwetaketu. Please grant me the treasure of knowledge, which is far superior than any type of treasure or wealth! I approach you as a student my king!The king was deeply touched by the sage’s humility and hunger for his knowledge. He knew that it is this sincerity which qualifies the seeker to the reception of the knowledge of Brahman. With folded hands the King told the sage - “O Sage Uddalaka, please do not take offence with us. This learnings were never shared with the Brahmins in the past. However, your sincerity and humility is pristine as your earnestness is also excellent and which has won my heart, so I shall teach you about it. So please listen to the answers.”The king continued, but he started responding to the fourth question first as this would bring out the solution to the other questions. He started explaining Panchaagni Vidya that is the knowledge of five fires. Friends Panchaagni Vidya is also mentioned in Chhandogya Upanishads in Chapter 5 and also in BU. This knowledge or Vidya presents the symbolic Agni or fire is the object of meditation and has 5 important aspects to it and they are three worlds i.e. heaven, earth and intermediate space, man and woman. This knowledge or Vidya is taught in connection with the ‘Doctrine of Transmigration of Souls’ as the ‘Doctrine of decent’. The Panchaagni Vidya or the Know

Podcast Credits -The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Credits, Acknowledgements and Source ContentsSource content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.Music -https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2021/08/09/audio_6b294070f5.mp3?filename=forest-with-small-river-birds-and-nature-field-recording-6735.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/10/13/audio_2f54f9f4b8.mp3?filename=the-winter-fall-by-prabajithk-122683.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/07/04/audio_477fb4c391.mp3?filename=sunrise-114326.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/11/23/audio_af8f60c3a6.mp3?filename=deep-in-the-dell-126916.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/02/18/audio_b3c6f0c96f.mp3?filename=always-with-me-always-with-you-long-21256.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/02/07/audio_fe3203e65a.mp3?filename=greenfield-birds-suburban-sounds-in-the-background-16683.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/03/09/audio_bc2ea94e5e.mp3?filename=bees-and-other-insects180527-24412.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/11/11/audio_84306ee149.mp3?filename=please-calm-my-mind-125566.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/08/02/audio_884fe92c21.mp3?filename=inspiring-cinematic-ambient-116199.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/03/09/audio_0dda787382.mp3?filename=birds-in-the-morning-24147.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/03/09/audio_05483e3d6e.mp3?filename=shining-neural-network-26727.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/08/18/audio_6999ee78e1.mp3?filename=strong-117533.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/10/24/audio_75bc71dae3.mp3?filename=boom-geomorphism-cinematic-trailer-sound-effects-123876.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/07/25/audio_25c05ffd84.mp3?filename=sitar-in-the-moonlight-115602.mp3https://pixabay.com/https://cdn.pixabay.com/download/audio/2022/10/11/audio_d28d2bedf8.mp3?filename=ghost-dark-beat-halloween-122461.mp3about:clienthttps://ia600201.us.archive.org/4/items/ImcOnairPresents...Microtonalityshruti-sInHindustaniSangeet2008_20/20081104_2100_IMCpresents-MICROTONALITY-in-Hindustani-Sangeet-part3-1.mp3-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transcript of the Podcast -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tat Tvam Asi - That Art Thou - Story of Uddalaka and Shwetaketu Dear friends and listeners, today’s episode is very important as it talks about the one of the four Mahavaakya’s mentioned in the Upanishads. Tat Tvam Asi - which means “That Art Thou” or “That is you!” Today’s story is about the great Vedic sage Uddalaka Aaruni and his son Shwetaketu. This story is mentioned in Chaandogya Upanishad, 6th Prapathaka or section. Before we start today’s story a bit about both the principle characters. Sage Uddalaka is mentioned in many philosophical discussions mentioned in both Chaandogya and Brihaadaaranyaka upanishad, which are two of the oldest Upanishads. He lived few centuries before Gautama Buddha and was one of the most well known Vedic teacher and guru. It is believed that he lived around 7th Centuary BCE.According to Ben-Ami Scharfstein, a professor emeritus of Philosophy at Tel Aviv University, Uddalaka Aruni was one of the first philosophers in recorded history. Debiprasad Chattopadhyay, the famous marxist philosopher established him as the first “Natural Scientist” in the intellectual history of the world. He was the first ever sage to find out that the world, including human beings, is fundamentally made up of three elements, food, water and heat, in fact today we’ll learn about it in much detail. Uddalaka Aaruni was a descendant of Gautama lineage from Kuru-Panchala region. He was pupil of his father Sage Aruna and Patanchala Kaapya. He defeated Prāaciīnayogya Śauceya and likely Bhadrasena Ājātaśatrava in debate. Friends, please dont get confused with Ajatashatru here, Bhadrasena Ajaatasatrava was a brahmin priest at the time of Uddalaka Aruni and Yaagnavalkya, much earlier than the king Ajaatashatru. You may remember that in my earlier episode in which I talked about the debate between Yaagnavalkya and Gargi Vachaknavi, I briefly spoke about Uddalaka Aaruni and how he was defeated by Yaagnavalkya in King Janaka’s symposium. Ironically sage Uddalaka Aaruni was the teacher or guru of Yaagnavalkya. Sometimes in many scriptures he was called Vajashravas. Now let me bring some controversy before I being today’s story! As per the various Puranas and scriptures it is not very clear that Vajasravas was Uddalaka Aaruni as there may be some differences between the names Auddalaki Aaruni and Uddalaki Aaruni. As per Max Muller, the renowned indologist at Oxford, claims them to be different person! However, as per him,… Adi Shankaracharya considered them to be same Aaruni in his bhasya or commentries on Upanishads. If we believe in Adi Shankaracharya’s commentary then, Sage Uddalaka Aaruni is Sage Vajasravas and he had 3 children named Nachiketa, Shwetaketu and Sujata. We all know Nachiketa’s story from Katha Upanishad. If not, please do listen to my retelling of the famous story in this podcast series. If we believe in Max Muller’s theory, then Uddalaka Aaruni was a different sage from the same lineage of Sage Vajasravas who was father of Nachiketa. Another controversy, it is also believed that Shwetaketu was not a biological child of Sage Uddalaka Aaruni. It is believed that the Sage practiced Niyoga, in which a woman has a man other than her husband father a child with her, either because her husband is unable to father a child or because he’s dead. This story is kind of touched in Adi Parva of Mahabharata during a conversation between Kunti and Pandu before the divine births of their children through Niyoga with Lord Dharma, Vaayu, Indra, and the Ashvinikumars. There are many confusion in such off-shoot stories in various scriptures as we also know that Uddalaka Aaruni’s daughter was Sujata, who was married to Sage Kahoda and the famous deformed sage Ashtavaakra was the son of Sujata and Kahoda. Let me now talk about a bit about Shwetaketu, son of Sage Uddalaka Aaruni and he is known for many things. He was the one who abolished polyandry, the practice of a wife having multiple husbands, as described in the Aadi Parva of the Mahabharata. (A husband having multiple wives, on the other hand, is a well-established practice). And he was the uncle of the famous sage Ashtavaakra, the purported author of the Ashtavaakra Gita. And he is said to have written a text which formed the basis of a certain work of Vatsayaana. Shwetaketu has been referenced across several Upanishads, He is referenced in Brihaadaaranya Upanishad, Chaandogya Upanishd and also in Kausitaki Upanishad.So, my dear friends let’s concentrate on today’s story. Today’s episode is an ode to the great sage Uddalaka and his Mahavakya “Tat Tvam Asi”. Sage Uddalaka had a son name Shwetaketu. Until the age of 12 he was like a normal child, spending his time playing with his friends, playing pranks on others and was having a gala time of his life. The great sage thought that it was time when Shwetaketu must be initiated into Brahminhood and must be sent to a gurukul for learning and understanding Vedic scriptures. One day, the sage called upon young Shwetaketu and told -“Soumya, there has never being one in our family who is a Brahmin by birth. All of our ancestors were well versed in Vedic scriptures and I think so you should be!”Shwetaketu like an obedient son, agreed and went away to a gurukul of Sandeepan Muni. He spent 12 long years learning Vedas and other Vedic scriptures which was an achievement in itself. It was a popular belief then, that one can learn all four vedas and other Vedic scriptures in 48 years however, Shwetaketu was able to learn them in just 12 years. He had grown into a handsome man with somewhat arrogant with his supreme achievement, self-assured and bit of swagger. He considered himself to be the master of vedas. When he returned home from the his tutelage, he touched the feet of his mother and father. The Sage now asked his son - “Soumya, what will you do next?” Shwetaketu grinned and said -“Next…I want to win the symposiums and debates in King Janaka of Videha’s courtroom.”As soon as he said that, the Sage understood that his son was sinking into the quicksand of amour propre. So he wanted to bring him back into the paths of humility and non-arrogance. He was aware that Brahmagyaana and pride were highly incompatible. A person stricken with egoism and pride cannot realise the Self or Brahman! So the sage decided to teach his son. He asked him -“Soumya, I believe you are now familiar with that wisdom, by which you can hear the unhear

Today I will be telling you a story from Chaandogya Upanishad. It is featured in the 8th Khanda of the book, and it is about 3 young well versed scholars named Pravahana Jivala, Silaka Salavat and Chaikitayana Dalbhya. This is a story which involves a deep curiosity amongst these 3 young men. Our Vedic rishis, sages and scholars always regarded experience or anubhava to be the paramount, next they would regard the scriptures or Shrutis and lastly they would regard the reasoning and logic as most important. So when these 3 young scholars met, were very curious to learn who had what experience of Truth!They were all well versed in Udgita and wanted to have a friendly discussion on it. Friends, if you remember I have explained about Udgitha in the episode “Story of Praana”. I would really request the new listeners to listen to that first before listening to this story. Back to the story, ….3 scholars sat down under a shady Banyan tree, kept their bags beside them. All of them were earnest students of the Vedas, they meditated on Aum, the sound symbol of the Ultimate Reality or God. They followed meditation techniques as per Sama Veda. They decided to exchange their experiences on Udgita, which is the singing hymns of Sama Veda and forms of Vedic sacrifices. After drinking a sip of water, wiping off the sweat from his forehead, Pravahana said -“Dear friends, I think you both must start telling your experiences first. Let me listen to it.” Both Silaka and Chaikitayana agreed happily. They knew that Pravahana was destined to become a king later on. Silaka first questioned Chaikitayana, “May I ask you a question?”Chaikitayana nodded and said - “yes please go ahead!”Silaka smiled and asked -“ What is the origin of the Saman or Udgita?”Chaikitayana smiled and said - “Voice, or Swara. Naturally without swara or voice we cannot chant the Sama veda….and Udgita is a part of this veda!”Then Silaka asked - “What is the origin of voice or swara?”Chaikitayana said promptly - “It is the Praana or Vital Breath. Because when the vital breath or Praana stops functioning, one cannot speak and voice becomes mute.”Silaka immediately asked another question - “Obviously, without Praana one cannot live! So may I ask you, on what Vital Breath or Praana depend on?”Chaikitayana said -“We may say that all life for which the Praana or Vital breath is indispensable depends on the food!”Pravahana was quietly listening to the conversation of his two friends and was making mental notes and silently judging their conversation.Then Silaka asked - “Then what does Food depend on?”Chaikitayana thought for a second as said -“ Ahhhh…..Upon Water, Life itself is depended to water.”Silaka exclaimed - “hmmm…Okay!” He asked again -“Then tell me on what is the origin of Water?”Chaikitayana said - “It is space or Yonder as water comes from the yonder and goes back to it. It falls to earth from space in form of rainfall, fills in rivers and ponds and then again evaporates back as clouds to the space.”Silaka thought for a second and asked again -“ Okay then tell me what is the origin of yonder or Space?”To this question, Chaikitayana said - “Let no man carry the Saman beyond the world of Swarga or Heaven or Yonder. We recognise the Saman in the world of Swarga or Yonder, as Saman is hailed as Swarga!” These three friends were enlarging their kingdom of knowledge. They made a common attempt to share and spread knowledge as they followed a Vedic saying “Do things together!” They realised that they have gone as far as thought can reach. Being aware of the limitations of thought, Silaka told Chaikitayana -“O Chaikitayana, your saman is not firmly established! We cannot tell the origin of Saman! If at this time anyone who knew the origin of Saman, the your head shall surely fall off! I am afraid we cannot confine or delimit the Absolute Truth to any corner, remote or distant, of the cosmos or space. To the extent it is confined, it will stop being a symbol of Universal Truth which is free from the limitations of time and space! Therefore I believe we have to examine again our fundamental views!”Till now Pravahana was watching and listening to his friends. He decided to intervene and said - “Both your views are partial and fragmentary. Silaka is keeping his feet on the earth and Chaikitayana has his head in the skies.”Silaka now quesitoned Pravahana - “Then tell me, what is the origin of this world?”Pravahana said - “Space, as all these things are created from Akaasa or Space and return to the space, Therefore Akaasa is the supreme support!Then after a pause, Pravahana continued - “For comprehensive and complete knowledge, we require both. We need not interpret Aakaasa to mean the sky. It means the space or ether. All objects are in space but space itself is indivisible. It is inside and outside all objects. And what appears to divide space is also space!”Then Silaka asked - “Then, what is the Truth?”Pravahana explained - “Let us then agree to say that the Truth, the Brahman is all in all! We live, move and have our being in Brahman, both here and hereafter. The wise men always sees this Truth!”At the end of this conversation, the three friends got up, packed their belongings. They were enriched with the knowledge and experiences from each other as it was a rare spiritual retreat. After having clarified their ideas, the three friends knelt in common salutation to the Aatman as Pranava. After this the three friends greeted each other and they parted their ways to their individual destinations.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com. Hubhopper is India's leading podcast creation platform. Start your podcast with Hubhopper studio & get your voice heard across platforms like Spotify, Gaana, Google podcasts, Wynk Music and more. Click on the link in the episode description or visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source content collected from various books on Upanishads such as “Messages of the Upanishads” by Swami Ranganathanada, “The Brhadaaranyaka Upanishad” by Swami Madhavananda, “Eight Upanishads” from Advaita Ashrama, Upanishads.org, “Vedas and Upanishads for Children” by Roopa Pai and several other write-ups and thoughts on Upanishads. Background Music is sourced from various royalty-free music sources, Apple Loops and Internet Archives with a Non-Commercial 4.0 International license. Aum Shantih chants are from Youtube - source - Gaiea Sanskrit.The Concept, Script, Narration and Audio Design: Arghya Goswami

Today’s episode is named - Proud Balaki! This story is featured in BU Chapter 2, Section 1 and features one of the greatest kings of India - Ajaatashatru. He was also known as Kunika and was son of Bimbisara. He was a contemporary to both Bhagwaan Mahavira and Gautama Buddha. I hope you all must be knowing about Bhagwaan Mahavira and Gautama Buddha! As a result he is referenced in both Jain and Buddhist literature. Interestingly, name of his mother is different in different literatures. As per Jain literature his mother’s name was queen Chellana where as as per Buddhist literature his mother’s name was Kosala Devi. However, both queen Chellana and Kosala Devi were referred as “Vaidehi” so he was also called “Vaidehi Putra”.Ajaatashatru is believed to live around 492 to 460 BCE and was one of the most important king of Haryanka Dynasty of Magadha. He forcefully took over Kingdom of Magadha from his father - Bimbisara and imprisoned him. He captured Vaishali and occupied Kashi or Benaras. Under his able rule Magadha became one of the most powerful kingdom of North India. He is believed to have invented two types of weapons which was used in wars in those days, first one being - Ratha-musala (Scythed Chariot) or chariot with swords or spike attached to its wheels, you may have seen that in many movies such as 300 or Baahubali. The second weapon was Maha-shila-kantaka - an engine to throw large boulders. You must have seen this in numerous movies such as in Lords of the Ring, Baahubali and many others. Apart from his military inventions and skilled warfare, he was also very learned, a scholar and was very well versed in various Indian scriptures. Baalaaki who was the son of Balaakaaa from Garg family was a upasaka and a renowned scholar. However there was some very indifferent about him, ….he was very proud of his knowledge and scholarship. One fine day, he went to the court of the king Ajaatashatru and told him -“O venerable king, I am Baalaaki Garg… son of Balaakaa Garg. I wish to tell you about Brahman!”Ajaatshatru was pleased to hear this proposal and immediately announced -“Really, o learned scholar, if you tell me about it then I shall award you with one thousand cows!” After a pause, the king continued with a smile - “I know King Janaka who is benevolent and generous and loves to listen to great debates and scholastic discussions on spirituality and Brahman! I too have some of his qualities.”Friends just a pause here, if you look into the timelines, Ajaatshatru lived around 492 - 460 BCE and during that time King Janaka also lived! So again clarifies the point that this King Janaka is not the father of Sita! This Janaka belonged to the same dynasty and was much much later that Ramayan’s Janaka. Let’s continue with the story - Baalaaki said - “The being who identifies himself both with the sun and the eye and who having entered the body through the eye resides in the heart as the ego as experiencer and the agent - Therefore I ask you to meditate that being as Brahman! Ajaatshatru stopped him with a hand gesture and said - “Please don’t talk about him! I meditate upon him as all surpassing. Who exists surpassing all beings in this universe. We both know the same Brahman and you are telling me the same thing now. So stop, please don’t discuss this Brahman. If you know any other Brahman then tell me about that. I would be happy to listen to it! I meditate upon the Brahman with these attributes as the agent and the experiencer and obtain results accordingly. Sruti also say that “One becomes exactly as one meditates upon Him!”When Ajaatshatru refuted the presentation of sun as the Brahman, Baalaaki tried to put forward another -“That being who is in the moon, I meditate upon as Brahman!” He wanted to present moon as the Brahman to the king. But the king again interrupted him…“Stop O Baalaaki, please stop telling me about this Brahman! I meditate upon him as the great, white robed, radiant Soma! That being in the moon and also in the heart or mind as the experiencer and agent. The Considering the moon and the drink yielding creeper Soma that is offered in the sacrifices, I meditate upon that as Brahman. One who meditates upon him as principal and auxiliary sacrifices everyday will never have shortage of food! Because he meditates upon Brahman as consisting of food.  Baalaaki’s presentation of Brahman as moon was completely unsuccessful! The vision of having one thousand cows as a gift from the king lured him to present Brahman in another way! Baalaaki continued -That being who is in lightening, I meditate upon him as Brahman!” As he wanted to continue to talk on Brahman as lightening, the king stopped him again! “Dear Baalaaki, would you be wasting my precious time talking about the Brahman which I already know? There is one god in lightening, the skin and the heart. It’s attribute is powerful. I meditate upon him as all Powerful, one who meditates upon him as such becomes all powerful and his progeny too becomes powerful. ”Baalaaki was in a fix! With his limited knowledge, he was getting trapped and wanted to tell something to the king on Brahman which he may not know! He thought maybe he want to think something bigger and larger than sun, moon and lightening!He said to the king -“ That being who is in the Space or Ether, I meditate him as Brahman!”The king again stopped him abruptly and said - No, no my friend! This is not the Brahman I want to hear about! There is one god in the space or ether, in the ether enclosed by the heart and in the heart Full and unmoving are its two attributes. I meditate upon him as the full, and unmoving! One who meditates upon him with the attribute of fullness is always filled with his progeny and cattle and when meditated with the attribute of immobility or unmoving, which represents that his progeny will be never extinct from this world and continue his progeny. Baalaaki was getting frustrated, but the imagination of one thousand cows, he him blind and closed all his doors leading to his brain and heart. He asked another question - “This being who is in the air, I meditate to him a Brahman!” The king interrupted and said - “ There is one god in air, the vital force and the heart! Its attributes are irresistible and undefeated. One who meditates upon him as these attributes will have an irresistible and undefeated and unvanquished army, the one which never get defeated by its enemies. So please dont talk about this Brahman as I already practice it everyday!Baalaaki’s bag of knowledge was on the verge of emptiness, he continued his presentation of Brahman as Fire, which was again interrupted and was stopped by the king. The king told him that there is one god in fire, speech and the heart and it’s attribute is being tolerant for others or forbearing. He meditates him as forbearing as his progeny will become forbearing too. Then Baalaaki tried to present Brahman as Water! That too was an unsuccessful attempt as the king told him that there is one god in water, the seed and the heart. It’s attribute is agreeable and he meditates upon him as agreeable as it results in coming of only agreeable things and not the ones which are contrary. After this failed effort, the proud scholar told the king about the Brahman represented as a looking glass. The king again told him there is one god in a looking glass and in other reflecting objects such as a sword, and in the intellect, which is made of pure materials. Its attribute is the shining, and he meditates upon him as the shining and as a result his progeny will always shine. Frustrated Baalaaki now told the king about the sound that issues behind a man as he walks. He meditates upon as Brahman. The king in response said that the vital force is the cause of life in this body to be the one. Life is the attribute. The result of the meditation is that he attains his full term of life in this world, even if troubled by diseases, he will complete his full life term before departing this world.Again Baalaaki told the king about the being who is in the quarters and is meditated upon as Brahman. King laughed and stopped him. He told the scholar, there is one god in the quarters, the ears and the heart. The Aswin twins are never separated from each other. His attributes are - being attached with a companion and not being separated from one another, the quarters and the Aswins have these characteristics. One who meditates upon this remembering these attributes gets this result. Then Baalaaki, the son of Balaaka Garg told the king about the being who identifies himself with the shadow and can be meditated upon as Brahman. The king responded that there is one god in the shadow which is external darkness and internally it is ignorance which is a veil or a cover. Its attribute is the death. The result of the meditation is that he will not die prematurely and will be free from death due to some disease. Then awkward Baalaaki again tried to put in another representation of Brahman. He said that the Being who is in the Self, is meditated upon as Brahman. Ajaatashatru immediately stopped him and said, there is one god in Self or Hiraanyagarbha, in the intellect and in the heart. His attribute is Self-Possessed. The result of the mediation is that he becomes self-possessed and his progeny also becomes self-possessed. The difference of intellect in individuals is also extended to his progeny. After listening to the explanation of Brahman from the king, the scholar Baalaaki stooped down. He realised that he still doesnt have enough knowledge to debate on Brahman. He was humbled by a king in the courtroom. Baalaaki has realised that the price of wisdom is beyond riches. How can a possession of thousand cows be comparable to the Supreme Knowledge of Brahman? The pride of birth in a high caste, the pride of half baked knowledge are all his folly and are completely meaningless. Ajaatshatru now asked the scholar- “Is that all you know?”Baalaaki with heavy heart and f

Episode 12 - What the thunder said? Da-Da-Da================================================================================================================My dear listeners and friends, today I am going to move away from Yagnavalkya’s adventures and tell a new story from Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad. The reason why I am doing this is for a purpose! I want to bring in some variety to my storytelling from Upanishads. Yagnavalkya’s debates were high on philosophy and required extreme attention and mindfulness to understand. Today’s story is lighter although still possess deep inner meanings and philosophy which we will unearth! Today’s story - “What the thunder said” is featured in Chapter 5, section 2 of Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad. Let’s enjoy the story!Aeons ago, gods, humans and demons who were the children of Prajaapati i.e.Viraaj, the Creator, lived together in the tutelage as his students.  When their education was formally coming to an end, the pupils decided to ask their teacher - the Creator a final piece of advise and enlighten them, so that they can march towards their life’s destiny and goal. Before we move on with the story - We must understand few important concepts. The word “Narayana” which we refer to the God himself signifies - Narayam-ayana which means - “the goal of mankind”. To achieve the goal we require a guru. Just like in our modern era, students going to schools to learn academics and life skills are taught by their teachers who are their gurus. The sportsmen and women require coaches who can guide them, train them better so that they can achieve their goal. In professions such as Software or any other, we also have goals and it’s our seniors or leaders who act as our teachers or guru and makes us to realise our goals. Be it education, profession, spirituality or sports we must have goals and which is only be achieved if we have a teacher or a guru. God cannot come down to earth to guide us, and neither we humans can go to God to take his advice. So God takes the form of a Guru to guide us. We have recited a very popular verse -“Guru Brahma, Guru Vishnu, Guru Deva Maheshwara,Guru Shaakshaath param Brahma, Tasmayi Shri Guruvey Namaha.”Now coming back to the Story - Prajaapati was a master psychologist. He could cure all those who approached him. He knew all his pupils and their nature. So he reserved his upadesha or advise until they approached him. Gods were first among the pupils to approach the Creator for his final advise. Prajaapati - the Creator did something marvellous! As he spoke, the thunder roared! The sound which gods could hear was a syllable “Da”. The Supreme Father asked his pupils - the gods - “Dear child did you understand my advise?”The gods looked at each other and with folded hands shook their heads. One of the god said - “Yes O Venerable One, we have understood!”The gods had completed the word from the first syllable as their guru’s advise and said to the Creator“You advised us the syllable “Da” - for us which means - “Daamyata” or “Self Restraint” or “Self Control”! You are telling us to exercise Self-restraint!”The Creator said - “You have understood my child!”Prajaapati was pleased as he could give his final advise to the gods and they could understand and interpreted it as per their temperament. The gods in general are inhabitants of regions of pleasure and happiness, as a reward for their virtuous qualities. However, the pursuit of pleasures is always very risky and just like walking on a tip of a sword! Unless they put in Self Restraint or Self Control in correct places, they may exhaust their virtue and can become slaves of flesh and pleasure! “Daamyata” or Self Restraint will keep them in check and control! Just like a boat responding to an expert captain or navigator, their heart should respond beating obediently to the call, the exhortation to achieve Self-Restraint!When the gods went back to their place, next to ask advise from the Supreme Father were the humans. Humans came to their guru and asked - “O my father, the all powerful and all knowing One! Please give us your final advise!”Pleased Creator when spoke the thunder roared - “Da”The Creator asked humans - “My children, did you understand?”Humans looked at each other and nodded their head and said - “Yes, O almighty One, we have understood! You have advised the first syllable “Da” which means - “Datta” or “The Giver” . You are asking us to Give and give generously!”The Creator smiled and said - “You have understood! I am very pleased”The Creator was pleased because he knew the very nature and temperament of humans. They were suffering from an incurable and chronic disease of greediness. The Creator knew they were greedy and selfish. They always believed in hoarding more than they needed, never letting go of what they considered their own! This advise of “Datta” or giving generously will balance that temperament. The Prajaapati had exhorted them to be selfless! Humans went back to their place with their advise.Last to approach the Creator were the demons. They asked their guru -“ O Guru, our Supreme Father! What advice do you have for us?”As the Creator spoke, the thunder roared - “Da”! The creator asked the demons - “My children did you understand my advise?”The Demons looked at each other and happily said - “ Yes, my father, we understood! You have advised the first syllable “Da” which means - “Dayadhvam” Which is being compassionate. You are asking us to be compassionate. Pleased Creator said - “Yes, you have understood my children!”The Creator was pleased because the demons could understand his advise of being compassionate as he very well knew their temperament. The demons by nature were cruel, bloodthirsty and violent. So the advise - Dayadhvam or being compassionate will balance their temperament. The demons went back to their place. Thus each stormy night, Praajapati’s children never forget the divine advice through the Thunder’s roar as it repeats the Supreme Teachings - “Da - Da- Da” or “Daamyata - Datta and Dayadhvam! The result is peace, Shantih!”Friends some extra information, which you may find very interesting. Did you know the famous poet T.S Elliot was deeply influenced by Upanishads? As Cleo McNelly Kearns has documented, Elliot had his own copy of Upanishads, which was gifted to him by Harward Scholar Charles Lanman, who taught him Sanskrit in the graduate school. Elliot had used the concepts from Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad’s - “What thunder said” in his poem - The Waste Land. The basic idea of the poem is that - A waste land waits for a rain shower to fertilise it. So does the mind of a man waits for the fertilising shower of liberating ideas. They reveal to us latent possibilities of life. If the faith and hope they inspire in us were lacking, life would be a vale of tears. Philosophy - Tattwa Jnana, lightens the burden of life and throws light on the path of life. I will now read out an excerpt from the poem - The Waste Land” by TS Elliot.Ganga was sunken, and the limp leavesWaited for rain, while the black cloudsGathered far distant, over Himavant.The jungle crouched, humped in silence.Then spoke the thunderDADatta: what have we given?My friend, blood shaking my heartThe awful daring of a moment’s surrenderWhich an age of prudence can never retractBy this, and this only, we have existedWhich is not to be found in our obituariesOr in memories draped by the beneficent spiderOr under seals broken by the lean solicitorIn our empty roomsDADayadhvam: I have heard the keyTurn in the door once and turn once onlyWe think of the key, each in his prisonThinking of the key, each confirms a prisonOnly at nightfall, aethereal rumoursRevive for a moment a broken CoriolanusDADamyata: The boat respondedGaily, to the hand expert with sail and oarThe sea was calm, your heart would have respondedGaily, when invited, beating obedientTo controlling handsThat was all about today’s episode. The three questions -“What is the meaning, which the gods interpreted from the syllable - Da”, Next question - What is the meaning, which the humans interpreted from the syllable “Da”?The last question - “What is the meaning, which the demons interpreted from the syllable “Da”?So please write me your answers to “arghyathinks@gmail.com"Please share, like, subscribe and download my podcast series - “Stories from Upanishads”This podcast was created on Hubhopper studio. If you wish to start your own podcast for free, visit www.hubhopperstudio.com.

Dear listeners, from the last 3 episodes of my podcast, you have been listening to Yagnavalkya’s debates in the King Janaka’s Symposium. You heard the debates of Ashwala, Aartbhaaga with Yagnavalkya in part 1, then followed by debates of Bhujyu, Usasta and Kahola with Yagnavalkya in part 2. Yagnavalkya was almost declared as a winner in the debates when he was challenged by Gargi Vaachaknavi in part 3, however after listening to his philosophies on Brahman, she decided that she must admit that Yagnavalkya was the greatest scholar in the symposium and no one can think of defeating him in knowledge on Brahman. Yagnavalkya was the undisputed winner at the symposium and left with the prize of thousand cows with ten gold coins. Although Yagnavalkya’s debates in the symposium had ended with this victory and announcement of Gargi as he being the greatest knower of Brahman, her open challenge was not liked by many! One such scholar was Vidagdha, son of Saakala. After the symposium was over, he confronted Yagnavalkya and and him -“Yagnavalkya, so far you have been impressive with your knowledge and philosophies on Brahman. Can you answer my questions?”Yagnavalkya smiled and nodded his headed. This challenge was sudden and he was not expecting anyone to debate him after Gargi’s open announcement. However, ego played a bigger role! “How many gods are there?” Questioned Vidagdha. Friends, before Yagnavalkya answers to the question asked, I would like to deviate a bit and tell you a story. This is on Nivid mantras. Once devas wanted to perform a complex yagna or sacrifice. But the yagna hid himself from them. Since there was no other way out devas decided to perform a simpler fire sacrifice. They started reciting Nivid Mantras during the sacrifice. As they were nearing the end of the sacrifice, they realised that they could remember the steps of the complex Yagna. Eventually, their sacrifice was successful. Nivids are named after Devas or gods. They indicate Viswadevas, and present the number of Vedic gods in form of a riddle as it says the number of Devas or gods is 33 or 303 or 3003. Many modern indologists such as Dr.B.C.Sidharth of Birla Science Institute believe this to be an astronomical unit. As per him, each progression in this arithmetic sequence adds a step of refinement to estimate the length of a year. For instance the Lunar cycle provides a measure of month, however please note that a year is more than such 12 month units. In Medieval times, this was resolved by introduction of leap year. However in Ancient times, this issue was synchronised with lunar month counts to equinoxes. So intercalary or extra days where added after a fixed count of months. 33 intercalary days approximately were added in a year so that it would measure 365 days and 303 intercalary days would add to a year to measure 365.2421. In Rigveda, Sage Vishwamitra has given the number of Gods to be 3339 which is actually an addition of 33+303+3003. This number when considered as the number of intercalary days gives the average year length to be 365.2424. Now let’s listen to Yagnavalkya’s response. He said boldly “As many as are indicated in Nivid Mantras of Viswadevas that is 303 and 3003. Vidagdha said - “Very well! Then answer my next question…how many gods exactly are there Yagnavalkya?” Yagnavalkya said “33 gods”.“Oh, okay, then tell me how many gods exactly are there?” Again asked Vidagdha. Yagnavalkya again replied - “6”“Oh ho! Now you are changing the number again, so I am asking you again tell me how many gods are exactly there, Yagnavalkya?”Now Yagnavalkya smiled and said “3”Vidagdha again asked the same question and now Yaganvalkya replied “2”. Vidagdha continued to ask the same question again and now Yagnavalkya relied “1 and half”. Now visually irritated Vidagdha asked him the same question again as Yagnavalkya was changing the response each time.This time Yagnavalkya replied - “1”. Now Vidagdha changed the question track as he was quite frustrated with the response and so he asked - “ Which are those 303 and 3003 gods?”Friends, here Vidagdha first asked the larger number of gods then funnelled to smaller number of gods and finally now asked their identity! Yagnavalkya replied - “There are only 33 gods and there are manifestation of them”Vidagdha asked - “Then which are those 33 gods?”Yagnavalkya replied - “ 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras and 12 Aadityas, these makes 31 and then Indra and Prajaapati. These all make up to 33 gods.”Vidagdha asked again -“Which are the Vasus?”Yagnavalkya replied -“Fire, the earth, air, the sky, the sun, heaven, the moon, and the stars, these are the 8 vasus. These transform into bodies and organs of all beings which server as support for their work and these gods help every being to live and they themselves live too. Since they help others to live i.e. Vas, therefore they are called Vasus.”Vidagdha will not let it go so easily, so he continued his questions -“Which are Rudras then?”Yagnavalkya calmly replied -“10 organs of human body and 11th one is the mind. When they depart the person dies and makes everyone weep i.e rud, so they are called Rudras!”Vidagdha again asked - “Which are Aadityas?”Yagnavalkya replied -“12 months of a year are Aadityas. As the earth goes through revolution around the sun, they carry a person with it along with his work. Because they go taking i.e. Aadaa, all this with them, therefore they are called Aadityas.”Then Vidagdha asked again -“Which is Indra and which is Prajaapati?”Yagnavalkya replied -“Indra is cloud itself and Prajaapati is sacrifice”Vidagdha continued -“Which is the cloud?”Yagnavalkya replied -“Thunder, i.e. vigour or strength, which can kill others… that is Indra’s function”We know that Indra in Vedic context and Zeus in Greek mythology are associated with thunder, often they are visualised carrying a thunder. Indra’s thunder is called “Vajra”. So you see here, how Indra is associated to thunder because of his strength and vigour. Vidagdha again asked -“Which is the sacrifice?”Yagnavalkya replied -“Animals, because a sacrifice has no form of its own and depends on its means. The animals are its means, therefore they are called sacrifice!”Vidagdha asked him -“Yagnavalkya, in your earlier response you said there are 6 gods? Right? You have been changing your response frequently! So tell me which are those 6 gods?”Yagnavalkya smiled and said -“Vidagdha I made no mistake when you asked me about the number of gods, the 6 gods which I mentioned are Fire, the Earth, Air, the Sky, the Sun, and the Heaven! These are same Vasus except the moon and stars which makes it 6 gods. In fact, my previous response of 33 gods are actually included in these 6. They are wider manifestations of these 6 gods!”Then Vidagdha jumped on with another question trying to clarify the contradictions in Yagnavalkya’s response -“But you also said there are 3 gods Yagnavalkya? Explain me that now?”Yagnavalkya calmly pointed to the sky and replied -“These 3 gods are the 3 worlds alone, From the previous 6 gods, the Earth and fire together make 1 god, The Sky and Air makes another and the heaven and Sun makes the 3rd god. So there are 3 gods! In these 3 gods all gods are comprised and infused!”Vidagdha again asked him -“You also told there are 2 gods? Explain?”Yagnavalkya said -“Matter and the Vital Force as these comprise of all gods that have been enumerated earlier.”Vidagdha took a long breath and asked-Then what about the one and half gods? You told us that too! Explain?Yagnavalkya explained -This is the Air that blows! Some scholars say that since air blows as one substance then how it can be one and half? I would debate it as it is one and half because through its presence and all this attains surpassing glory! Vidagdha again asked -“Yagnavalkya then you also said there is only one god! Explain us that?”Yagnavalkya replied -“That one god is the Vital Force or Hiranyagarbha. The Golden Cosmic Egg. It is the manifestation of Brahman, it is also called Tyat or That. It is remoteness, it is the vastness, it is the void! Thus the gods are one and many. Infinite gods are included in the limited number as mentioned in Nivid Mantras. These are again included in successive smaller numbers from 33 to one - Vital Force or Hiranyagarbha! As it is that one Vital Force or Hiranyagarbha that can expand into all those numbers up to the infinite. Thus the Vital Force alone is one and infinite as also possess intermediate numbers. That this one god, the vital force which has different names, forms, functions, activities and powers. These different attributes are due to the individual differences of qualification of each manifestation.  Vidagdha asked him again, now kind of mocking him -“Do you know who resides in the earth, whose instrument of vision is fire, whose light is the Manas or the thought and who is the ultimate resort of entire body and organs? Only true scholars will know this!”Friends, in the above question, what Vidagdha wanted to know about the god who as the earth for this body, fire for his eye, weighs all matter through the mind or thinks through the mind, identifies himself with the earth, and is possessed of a body and organs. The elements of the body such as skin, flesh, blood is derived from the mother, which represents the field. The elements such as bone, marrow and sperm derived from the father which represents the seed. He also claimed that only true scholars will know this and challenged Yagnavalkya!Yagnavalkya said - “Yes, I know whom are you talking about? It is the very being who is identified with the body! But there is something more about it Vidagdha, won’t you ask me about it?”Yagnavalkya mocked him back and asked him that his question was not complete! Furious Vidagdha immediately asked him -“Then tell me what is the cause of this?”Yagnavalkya replied -“It’s Nectar or Chyle! The watery essence of the food that is eaten by a woman to produce blood in her body. When she is pregnant and

Hello my dear listeners, hope you all are enjoying Yagnavalkya’s debates in the courtroom of King Janaka. We heard how he defeated Ashwala and Arthabhaaga in part 1, then silenced Bhujyu, Usasta and Kahola in part 2. Part 3 is an important episode as it perhaps describes one of the most celebrated debates in the history of the Upanishads. Brihaadaaranyaka Upanishad has recorded this glorious and engaging debate beautifully. This part celebrates our Ancient India’s one of greatest Rishika, and women scholars Gargi Vaachaknavi. So I welcome you all to a great episode in which we will listen to the debates between Gargi and Yagnavalkya and how he stood his ground with his responses. Now I take you all to the courtroom where king Janaka’s symposium was taking place. The symposium was filled with learned men and women debating on the Brahman. During the debate, Kahola lost to Yaagnavalkya. After his defeat, he sat down at his place. Yagnavalkya looked at the members of the symposium. They all were awestruck and wondered how could Yagnavalkya defeat such great scholars on the other. His vision and philosophy on Brahman were astonishing. Yagnavalkya smiled and joined his hands and was about to take leave when he was interrupted by Gargi Vaachakanavi.She stood up and greeted Yagnavalkya with folded hands. Yagnavalkya was quite surprised to see a woman challenging him as he never expected to be challenged by a woman! He greeted her back and walked towards her. Gargi asked him - “Yagnavalkya, as you explained to Kahola and Usasta that ‘all is pervaded by water, then tell me, who pervades water?”Yagnavalkya smiled and replied - “O Gargi, my salutations to you for asking such an interesting question! I think water is pervaded by air!” Here in this question, Gargi had asked about the 5 elements or panchabhuta. Prithvi or Earth is the first element of panchabhuta which is pervaded by “Apas”, which is Water. Water is pervaded by Agni or Fire, Agni is pervaded by Vayu or Air and Vayu is pervaded by Aakaasha or Space or Cosmos. Yagnavalkya was well versed on these hierarchical connections of these 5 elements. He very well knew that Earth was pervaded by Water. He knew about -“kham vayur jyotiraphah prithivi vishvasya dharini’ which means - the universe is borne (supported) by space (Kham), air (vayu), fire (jyoti), water (apah) and earth (prithivi). These elements reconnect us with the nature outside of us and help us to connect to our inner Self.Also it is important to understand that Gargi had a presumption that every effect is impregnated by its cause just like the threads woven in a cloth, lengthwise which is called “warp” and breadthwise which is called “woof”, the limited by the unlimited and the gross by the subtle. For an example a “clay pot” which is an effect pervaded by its cause which is “clay”. That means only because of “clay”, the “clay pot” was formed. Similarly in the hierarchy of Panchabhuta, the “earth” is an effect which is pervaded by its cause which is “water”, “Water” which is an effect is pervaded by its cause which is “Fire”. The “Fire” which is the effect which is pervaded by its cause the “Air”. The “Air” which is an effect is pervaded by its cause which is the “Space”! The Space is causeless and infinite. The Space doesn’t have any beginning or end. It is limitless, boundary less and infinite. Friends don’t you think, this concept is actually a combination of various theories such as the “Big Bang”, “origin of earth” and other related theories on how earth was formed. A Belgian priest named “Georges Lemaitre” first suggested the “Big-bang” theory in 1920s, when he theorised that Universe began from a single primordial Atom. As per Scientific American, the Hubble’s law points to a “big-bang” 13.7 billion years ago! An article in the National Geographic states that in the first 10^-43 seconds of its existence, the universe was very compact, less than a million billion billionth the size of a single atom. Then it went through cosmic inflation, and after the inflation as the time passed by, the matter cooled and diverse kind of particles began to form and eventually they condensed to form the stars and galaxies including our earth! By the time the universe was billionth of a second old, the universe had cooled down enough for the four fundamental forces to separate from one another. The universe’s fundamental particles were formed, but still very hot and these particles condense. Until 180 million years after the big bang, it took for gravity to gather clouds of hydrogen and form stars. The hydrogen helped the stars to get ignited. Our Sun was born in this manner. The Earth along with other planets is believed to be born 4.5 billion years ago, as the solidified cloud of dust and gases left over from the creation of the star named the “Sun”. Due to the radioactive decay, gradually the earth heated. The iron and silicates formed the core of the earth over the period of many thousands of years. The earth surface was like a bubbling and exploding volcanoes and flowing red hot lava. As the earth’s core became stable, the water in the rocks and particles formed stream and came out of volcanoes as giant clouds that cooled and rained. Some water also came from comets as they crashed and melted, they produced some more water. As the earth’s temperature cooled down further the gases and vapours condensed to form water droplets and started to rain. The rain fell for centuries and water bodies such as oceans were formed and the earth was covered in water. From the water only few volcanic peaks were exposed. Due to movement of tectonic plates and volcanic activities, rock was formed. Thus earth was formed. Now don’t we find it similar to the cause and effect theory of panchabhuta as mentioned in the Upanishads? The Aakaasha, the space is the cause for Vayu or Air, in this context, the mixture of gases such as hydrogen and oxygen. These gases aided to ignite the stars and fire or Agni was formed. So Air was the cause for Fire. Due to Fire, heat was generated and resulted in formation of water vapours and finally it fell down as rains to form Water. So fire was the cause of water and due to earth quakes and tectonic shifts of plates under water, the rocks emerged and land masses were formed that means earth was formed. So Water becomes the cause of Earth. Interesting isn’t it?However in his response Yagnavalkya said that “Water” is pervaded by “air” instead of Fire. It would be objectionable response, however he clarified that Fire cannot be independently manifested like other elements as it must take help of other elements such as water and earth. As fire requires air or gases such as Oxygen and Hydrogen to lit so Air becomes its cause. So replied it as Air rather than fire. Now continuing our story further...Gargi without wasting any moment asked him her next question - “What is Air pervaded by Yagnavalkya?”Based on the hierarchical connections of panchabhuta, Yagnavalkya immediately replied - “Air is pervaded by Space or Antariksha, O Gargi!” Gargi smiled as she knew that was a straight response to a direct question. Then she asked  - “O scholar, what pervades Space or Antariksha?”This was a tricky question, Yagnavalkya closed his eyes and thought for a while, with extreme calmness he replied -“ Antariksha is pervaded by the world of Gandharvas!”In the modern scientific context, the “World of Gandharvas” can be related to the cosmic dance of our solar system and how it was formed from the residue of the Sun.Gargi immediately asked -“Then tell me what is the world of Gandharvas pervaded by?”Yagnavalkya replied - “By Sun!” First, the stars were formed. Our sun is a star which was born first and from the remains and residue of the sun, the solar system was born. So Sun was the cause of the formation of the solar system. Gargi asked again - “By what is Sun pervaded?”Yagnavalkya firmly replied “By moon!”As per the Appollo Missions Giant impact theory is most widely accepted theory of formation of moon. Before the earth or moon, there was proto earth and Theia and eventually these two bodies collided. Due to this massive impact, nearly all of the proto-earth and Theia melted and reformed as one body, with a small part of a new mass spinning off to become a moon. Gargi continued -“then by what is Moon pervaded?”Yagnavalkya continued his response - “By Stars” It is well known fact that after big bang, stars were first formed. “What pervades the Stars, o scholar Yagnavalkya?” Asked Gargi. “By the world of gods!” replied YagnavalkyaThe gods in Indian Vedic texts were mostly elements such as Varuna or Water, Agni or fire. They were the basic building blocks of universe. Gargi asked again -“What is world of gods pervaded by?”Yagnavalkya immediately replied - “By the world of Indra!”As per the Vedic text Indra was the king of gods, so Yagnavalkya said that world of gods is pervaded by world of Indra. Gargi continued her barrage of questions. She asked -“What pervades the world of Indra?”Yagnavalkya replied -“By the world of Viraaj.”Friends, Viraaj is one of the 12 manifestations of Brahman. It is the sum of all manifestations emerge from Hiranyagarbha or Golden Cosmic Egg. Viraaj is the ego-sense or body sense of Hiranyaagarbha and is the ruler of all material manifestations. The Upanishads state that In the beginning of each creation, Hiranyagarbha mixes the five great elements, namely space, air, fire, water, and earth in the same order to project Viraj, the universal body. The elements first appear in their subtle forms and later in their gross form. Then he mixes them in different proportions to create the diversity, consisting of millions of macrocosms, fourteen worlds specific to (each of the macrocosms) and globular gross bodies fit for each world. All that is called Viraj, the being ness or the Universal Body of the Lord. Viraj is the materialized form of Ishvara Brahman who contains Hiranyagarbha as his Cosmic Soul. G