The Future of Everything

Climate change authority Noah Diffenbaugh says that the effects of climate change are no longer theoretical but apparent in everyday, tangible ways. Still, he says, it is not too late to better understand the effects of climate change, to mitigate them through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other measures, and to adapt how we live in the face of a warmer planet. Society is falling behind in its ability to deal with increasingly extreme climate events but solutions are not out of reach, Diffenbaugh tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Noah DiffenbaughConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University.(00:02:34) Global Impact of Climate ChangeThe major areas where climate change is having the greatest impact globally.(00:03:27) Climate Phenomena and HumansConnecting climate science with localized human impacts(00:06:16) Understanding Climate ForcingThe concept of "climate forcing" and its significance in Noah’s research.(00:10:00) Geoengineering and Climate InterventionsThe potential and risks of intentional climate interventions.(00:21:18) Adaptation to Climate ChangeHow humans are adapting to climate change and why we might be falling behind.(00:25:19) Increase in Extreme EventsWhy extreme climate events are becoming exponentially more frequent and severe.(00:28:34) AI in Climate ResearchHow AI is revolutionizing climate research by enabling predictive capabilities.(00:32:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Climate modeler Aditi Sheshadri says that while weather forecasting and climate projection are based on similar science, they are very different disciplines. Forecasting is about looking at next week, while projection is about looking at the next century. Sheshadri tells host Russ Altman how new data and techniques, like low-cost high-altitude balloons and AI, are reshaping the future of climate projection on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Aditi SheshadriConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Aditi Sheshadri, a professor of Earth systems science at Stanford University.(00:02:58) Climate Projection vs. Weather ForecastingThe differences between climate projection and weather forecasting.(00:04:58) The Window of ChaosThe concept of the "window of chaos" in climate modeling.(00:06:11) Scale of Climate ModelsThe limitations and scale of climate model boxes.(00:08:19) Computational ConstraintsComputational limitations on grid size and time steps in climate modeling.(00:10:56) Parameters in Climate ModelingEssential parameters measured, such as density, temperature, and water vapor.(00:12:18) Oceans in Climate ModelsThe role of oceans in climate modeling and their integration into projections.(00:14:35) Atmospheric Gravity WavesAtmospheric gravity waves and their impact on weather patterns.(00:18:51) Polar Vortex and CyclonesResearch on the polar vortex and on tropical cyclone frequency.(00:21:53) Climate Research and Public AwarenessCommunicating climate model findings to relevant audiences.(00:23:33) New Data SourcesHow unexpected data from a Google project aids climate research,(00:25:09) Geoengineering ConsiderationsGeoengineering and the need for thorough modeling before intervention.(00:28:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Halloween may be behind us in the US but here at The Future of Everything we’re not quite done with spooky season. If you’re pairing your trick-or-treat haul with some scary movies, we invite you to revisit with us a conversation Russ had with Lawrence Wein a couple years ago about the work he’s doing in forensic genetic genealogy to crack cold cases. Professor Wein shares how he’s using math to catch criminals through traces of their DNA. It’s both haunting and hopeful, and we hope you’ll take another listen.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Lawrence M. WeinLawrence’s Paper: Analysis Of The Genealogy Process In Forensic Genetic GenealogyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Lawrence Wein, professor of management science at Stanford University.(00:02:18) Forensic Genealogy ExplainedForensic genetic genealogy and its impact on solving unsolved crimes.(00:04:31) Third-Party Databases in GenealogyInsight into databases that allow law enforcement to search for criminal suspects.(00:08:23) Math Models in GenealogyUsing mathematical models to streamline genealogy work.(00:11:31) Components of the Genealogy AlgorithmThe algorithm's methods, including ascending and descending family trees.(00:14:12) Algorithm Efficiency and ComparisonComparing the new algorithm's effectiveness to traditional genealogy strategies.(00:16:53) Algorithm in PracticeRole of human input alongside the mathematical algorithm in genealogy cases.(00:20:42) Role of GenealogistsGenealogists’ insights on balancing human skill and mathematical algorithms.(00:22:45) DNA Databases and EthicsThe ethical and privacy concerns related to using genetic data.(00:27:01) Background and Interest in Forensic GenealogyLawrence’s journey from operations management to forensic genealogy.(00:30:16) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Returning guest Marco Pavone is an expert in autonomous robotic systems, such as self-driving cars and autonomous space robots. He says that there have been major advances since his last appearance on the show seven years ago, mostly driven by leaps in artificial intelligence. He tells host Russ Altman all about the challenges and progress of autonomy on Earth and in space in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Marco PavoneCenter for AEroSpace Autonomy Research (CAESAR)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Marco Pavone, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford.(00:02:37) Autonomous Systems in Everyday LifeAdvancements in the real-world applications of autonomous systems.(00:03:51) Evolution of Self-Driving TechnologiesThe shift from fully autonomous cars to advanced driver assistance systems.(00:06:36) Public Perception of Autonomous VehiclesHow people react to and accept autonomous vehicles in everyday life.(00:07:49) AI’s and Autonomous DrivingThe impact of AI advancements on autonomous driving performance.(00:09:52) Simulating Edge Cases for SafetyUsing AI to simulate rare driving events to improve safety and training.(00:12:04) Autonomous Vehicle CommunicationCommunication challenges between autonomous vehicles and infrastructure.(00:15:24) Risk-Averse Planning in Autonomous SystemsHow risk-averse planning ensures safety in autonomous vehicles.(00:18:43) Autonomous Systems in SpaceThe role of autonomous robots in space exploration and lunar missions.(00:22:47) Space Debris and Collision AvoidanceThe challenges of space debris and collision avoidance with autonomous systems.(00:24:39) Distributed Autonomous Systems for SpaceUsing distributed autonomous systems in space missions for better coordination.(00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Physicist Matthias Kling studies photons and the things science can do with ultrafast pulses of X-rays. These pulses last just attoseconds – a billionth of a billionth of a second, Kling says. He uses them to create slo-mo “movies” of electrons moving through materials like those used in batteries and solar cells. The gained knowledge could reshape fields like materials science, ultrafast and quantum computers, AI, and medical diagnostics, Kling tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:SStanford Profile: Matthias KlingMatthias’ Lab: SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Matthias Kling, a professor of photon science and applied physics at Stanford University.(00:02:52) Ultrafast Electronics OverviewThe technologies enabling ultrafast photonics and electronic advancements.(00:05:32) Attosecond Science ApplicationsCapturing electron and molecular movements with attosecond pulses.(00:09:31) Photoelectric Effect InsightsAttosecond science’s impact on understanding the photoelectric effect and quantum mechanics.(00:13:27) Real-Time Molecular MeasurementsUsing light waves to capture images of molecules at room temperature.(00:19:32) Future of Ultrafast ElectronicsHow attosecond light pulses could revolutionize computing with petahertz speed.(00:23:28) Energy-Efficient Quantum ComputingPotential for room-temperature quantum computers using light wave electronics.(00:26:33) AI and Machine Learning in ScienceAI's role in optimizing research and data collection in ultrafast electronics.(00:28:51) Real-Time AI Data AnalysisMachine learning enables real-time analysis of massive experimental data.(00:32:15) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We’re just weeks away from a national election, and in our polarized society, we all know it can be difficult to find and create spaces for thoughtful policy discussions. A couple of years ago, James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford, joined the podcast. He talked about a system called deliberative polling that can serve as a model for structuring small group discussions to help bring people together and bridge differences in conversations about some of the most politically fraught issues. It’s an opportune time to bring this conversation back for another listen and we hope our discussion helps as you go about your conversations through this political season and beyond.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: James FishkinJames’ Lab: Deliberative Democracy LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford.(00:01:31) What is Deliberative Democracy?The concept of deliberative democracy and how it addresses political divides.(00:03:47) Managing Balance in DeliberationThe importance of balanced group discussions and strategies for avoiding conflict.(00:04:55) Scaling Deliberation for Large GroupsThe logistics and technology behind scaling to larger groups, both online and in person.(00:06:54) Deciding Which Questions to AddressHow tough issues are selected for deliberation in different locations.(00:10:54) The Human Element in DeliberationThe surprising effectiveness of online platforms for fostering connection.(00:13:13) Automated Moderators in DeliberationThe development and success of automated moderators in online deliberations.(00:19:20) Applying Deliberative Democracy to the U.S.Whether deliberative polling could help address political deadlock in the U.S.(00:25:30) The Future of Deliberative PollingThe future possibilities of scaling deliberative polling to larger populations.(00:27:23) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Astronautics professor Grace Gao is an authority on the Global Positioning System. GPS has long been key to navigation on Earth, she says, but science is now shifting its focus outward to the frontiers of space. Gao is working on a GPS-like system for the Moon. To keep costs low, this lunar positioning system will leverage Earth-based satellites complemented by a network of smaller satellites in lunar orbit. It could lead to autonomous vehicles on the moon and a new era of lunar exploration, Gao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Grace GaoGrace’s Labe:Stanford NAV LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Grace Gao, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:02:15) GNSS vs. GPSThe difference between GPS and GNSS, and the different global navigation systems.(00:03:09) How Does GPS Work? GPS operation, including the role of satellites, ground monitoring stations, and user receivers.(00:04:07) GPS Signal and SatellitesHow GPS uses multiple satellites and how the different global systems collaborate to improve accuracy.(00:05:23) GPS Challenges in CitiesIssues with GPS in urban environments and the importance of reliability and safety.(00:07:53) Improving GPS AccuracyMultimodal sensor fusion helps enhance GPS accuracy in challenging environments. (00:10:11) Collaboration Among Autonomous VehiclesThe potential for autonomous vehicles to share information for better navigation and safety.(00:14:07) GPS Safety and Signal JammingGPS safety concerns and real-world signal disruption examples.(00:18:56) GPS in Space TravelHow GNSS and Earth-based GPS systems can support space missions.(00:25:05) Designing Lunar GPSThe cost and coverage challenges of creating a lunar navigation system.(00:27:13) Autonomous Moon RoversNASA’s plans for collaborative autonomous rovers on the Moon.(00:30:42) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Sports medicine physician Emily Kraus knows a lot about the health challenges of female athletes. Women face far more ACL tears and bone stress injuries than men, for instance, and excessive training or poor nutrition can also delay puberty and affect menstruation. These differences are vastly understudied, she says. To close the gap, Kraus initiated the “Female Athlete Voice Project” that asks female Olympic and Paralympic athletes about their health experiences. We need to tailor approaches specific to female athletes, Kraus tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’sThe Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Emily Kraus  Emily’s Survey: Centering The Female Athlete Voice in a Sports Science Research AgendaStanford FASTR ProgramWu Tsai Human Performance AllianceConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces Emily Kraus, a professor of orthopedics at Stanford University and an expert on the issues of women's health.(00:02:19) Health Challenges for Female AthletesPrevalent injuries and health issues unique to female athletes.(00:03:57) Hormonal Health and PubertyThe impact of hormonal health and menstrual cycles on young athletes’ performance.(00:06:57) Body Composition and Mental HealthThe challenges and psychological impact puberty has on young athletes.(00:08:53) Female Athletes in AdulthoodThe lack of research and resources available for female athletes during major life transitions.(00:12:48) Nutrition, Fueling, and Recovery ScienceHow science has evolved in understanding nutrition, recovery, and strategic rest.(00:15:54) Gender Differences in Fueling and RecoveringThe differences between male and female athletes in nutrition and recovery.(00:19:19) Survey of Olympic AthletesInsights from female Olympians and Paralympians on the key gaps in sports science research.(00:21:40) The WUSAI Human Performance AllianceThe WUSAI Human Performance Alliance’s focus on uncovering the principles of human performance.(00:25:35) The Female Athlete SurveyThe unexpected findings from the survey, highlighting the sexism and inequity in sports.(00:27:26) Spreading Knowledge to Athletes and CliniciansHow Emily’s research is being received by the broader athletic and medical communities.(00:30:00) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Today, we’re bringing you a best-of from our archive of over 250 episodes. We’re all aware that the consequences of climate change range from rising sea levels, to drought, wildfires, economic disruption and the displacement of populations. We’re seeing and living through many of these effects, but is there hope for managing additional risk? A couple years ago we sat down with environmental scientist Chris Field to ask this question. He shared that it’s still possible to pave the way to a sustainable future. Take another listen to this episode to hear more about how he thinks we can do this together.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Chris FieldOriginal Episode: How to fight climate change | Stanford University School of EngineeringConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Chris Field, a professor of earth systems science and biology at Stanford.(00:01:59) The Status of Climate ChangeThe current status of global warming and the need for ongoing emissions reductions.(00:03:17) Understanding CO2 and TemperatureThe linear relationship between CO2 emissions and global warming.(00:05:00) Is Zero Emissions Feasible?The UN's climate goals and why both mitigation and adaptation are crucial.(00:06:04) Global Collaboration for Climate ActionThe role of both private sector innovations and global political collaboration in climate action.(00:08:22) Mitigation and Adaptation StrategiesProgress made in strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects.(00:11:25) Climate Impact on DisastersHow rising temperatures exacerbate coastal flooding and wildfire risks.(00:14:07) Adaptation to Coastal FloodingInsights into strategies such as improving infrastructure and planned relocation.(00:16:47) Adaptation to WildfiresAssessment of fire management policies and the challenges of wildfire risk in high-risk regions.(00:19:03) Technological Innovations in Climate ChangeThe potential for future technological innovations to solve climate change.(00:20:54) Ukraine Conflict and Climate ChangeThe surprising connection between the Ukraine conflict and global climate change.(00:23:41) Individual Impact on Climate ChangeHow individuals can make contributions to combating climate change in their everyday lives.(00:25:57) The Role of Young People in Climate ChangeThe role young people play in the fight against climate change.(00:27:12) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Taken any selfies lately? Dermatologist Zakia Rahman studies both the science of healthy skin and the effects of the exponential increase in skin images on self-esteem. As a result, skin health is linked to mental health, she says. It’s not about vanity, it’s about vitality, Rahman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University.(00:02:24) The Impact of Digital TechnologiesHow digital technologies and frequent image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception.(00:03:40) Effects of Self-Image on DermatologyBalancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends.(00:05:05) The Role of Lasers in DermatologyThe use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications.(00:08:44) Lasers in Skin Cancer TreatmentHow laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer.(00:10:11) Progress in Skin CancerThe effectiveness of sun protection measures and how we can better prevent skin cancer.(00:13:29) Effectiveness of Physical Sun ProtectionThe protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear.(00:18:56) Ethnic Differences in Skin HealthThe differences in skin health and sun exposure effects across various ethnic groups.(00:23:43) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin CareHow cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health.(00:26:08) Therapeutic Effects of LightThe potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity.(00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Arvind Karunakaran studies the intersections of work, AI, and organizational behavior. He says AI can enhance speed and productivity in the short run, yet degrade skills over time. But it is in organizational power dynamics where AI has had its most marked impact, he says, telling host Russ Altman about situations in law firms where AI has fostered tension between paralegals and junior attorneys. It’s AI and the modern workplace on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything Podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Arvind KarunakaranConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Arvind Karunakaran, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:02:47) Productivity vs. Skill DevelopmentThe broader impact of AI on workplace productivity and the potential skill loss among workers.(00:04:39) New Skills for the AI EraWhether new skill sets required by AI tools are emerging or if it's still too early to tell.(00:06:17) AI and Power DynamicsHow AI is influencing authority and power dynamics in the workplace.(00:09:16) Challenges of Role Re-Design with AIThe need for systemic changes in job roles and organizational structures to accommodate AI.(00:11:02) Accountability and AI in Decision-MakingThe complexities of accountability when AI is involved in decision-making processes.(00:15:14) Platforms and Power DynamicsThe role of platforms as intermediaries and their impact on authority and power dynamics.(00:20:28) AI Experimentation in the WorkplaceHow organizations are experimenting with AI and the importance of trust in these processes.(00:23:29) Rethinking Training for AI IntegrationThe necessity of innovative training methods to effectively integrate AI in workplace settings.(00:25:30) Management Strategies for AI AdoptionWays managers can approach AI integration in their organizations to foster productivity and innovation(00:28:12) AI in Gig Work PlatformsChallenges and opportunities AI presents within gig work platforms.(00:32:20) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We want to wish our listeners in the states a happy Labor Day weekend. We hope, wherever you are, you’re taking some time to savor the last bit of summer. After a couple months full of travel and news about the airplane industry, we can’t help wondering — are there better ways to build airplanes? Our previous guest, Ilan Kroo, an expert in aeronautics, discusses how recent developments in fuels, engines, materials, and computer controls are leading to a new era of airplanes. We hope you’ll tune in and learn something new.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Ilan KrooConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Ilan Kroo, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:01:33) The Future of Airplane DesignThe technological advancements that are enabling new types of aircraft designs.(00:03:52) Designing Airplanes with Active ControlActive control systems and their impact on airplane safety and efficiency.(00:05:03) Personal Flying VehicleseVTOL vehicles as a promising future technology for personalized and commercial travel.(00:06:54) Scaling eVTOL and Air Traffic ControlHow companies and regulatory bodies are preparing for the rise of eVTOL vehicles.(00:10:21) Sustainable AviationNew engine concepts, composite materials, and sustainable fuels in commercial aviation.(00:16:42) Hydrogen-Powered AircraftHydrogen's potential as a sustainable fuel source and its impact on airplane design.(00:19:44) Climate Modelling in Airplane DesignThe intersection of climate science and airplane design for a more sustainable future.(00:22:04) Unconventional Airplane DesignsNew designs that may become the future of aviation, with benefits in sustainability and performance.(00:25:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Political scientist Kathryn Stoner is the Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford and an authority on Russian/Ukrainian politics. She says views on the current war depend on which side someone is on: Many Russians and their leader Vladimir Putin say Ukrainians are Russians and have been since the 10th century. Ukrainians strongly disagree, likening the two nations to the U.S. and Great Britain. How the present conflict is resolved has important implications for other former Soviet states and the future of the European Union, as Stoner tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford CDDRL Profile: Kathryn StonerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Kathryn Stoner, director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University.(00:02:09) Historical Context of the Russia-Ukraine ConflictHow historical narratives shape perspectives on the Russia-Ukraine conflict.(00:05:38) U.S. and International PerspectivesThe strategic implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict for the United States and its historical agreements.(00:08:49) The Domino Effect and Regional RisksThe potential risks to other former Soviet republics and the concept of the domino effect.(00:12:43) Democracy in the Post-Soviet StatesAnalysis of the state of democracy in Ukraine, Georgia, and other former Soviet republics(00:18:59) The Unexpected StalemateWhy the Russia-Ukraine war has not gone as expected and the strategic missteps by Russia.(00:22:39) Domestic Impact in RussiaThe impact of the war on Russian public opinion and why Russians are not openly protesting against it.(00:28:46) Hope for the FuturePotential sources of optimism for the future of Russia and its younger generation.(00:31:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Dan Schwartz is a cognitive psychologist and dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He says that artificial intelligence is a different beast, but he is optimistic about its future in education. “It’s going to change stuff. It’s really an exciting time,” he says. Schwartz imagines a world not where AI is the teacher, but where human students learn by teaching AI chatbots key concepts. It’s called the Protégé Effect, Schwartz says, providing host Russ Altman a glimpse of the future of education on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, a professor of education and a dean of the School of Education at Stanford University.(00:02:06) The Role of AI in Modern EducationThe widespread reactions and implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, in education.(00:03:22) The Role of Technology in the ClassroomThe historical and evolving relationship between technology and education.(00:05:14) Engaging Students with AIHow AI can enhance student engagement through innovative teaching methods.(00:08:08) Impact of AI on Student LearningThe balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards.(00:13:42) Industry's Role in Educational TechnologyChallenges and opportunities in collaborating with educational technology companies.(00:15:44) Teacher's Role in Adapting to AIThe critical role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom.(00:18:39) Assessment and Grading with AIThe potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment.(00:22:34) Learning Strategies and Conceptual UnderstandingThe importance of understanding the underlying concepts rather than just using AI tools.(00:25:08) Physical Activity and LearningThe connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes.(00:29:17) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Today, we’re re-running a fascinating conversation with Sara Singer, a Stanford professor of medicine, and an expert on integrated healthcare. Anyone who’s had to navigate the healthcare system knows it’s extremely complex, and care can often feel disjointed or inefficient. In this episode, Sara highlights new technologies that could improve integration within the healthcare system, ultimately enhancing a practitioners’ ability to care for patients. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Sara SingerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Sarah Singer, a professor of medicine and organizational behaviour at Stanford University(00:02:25) Defining Integrated CareThe concept of integrated care and its significance in improving patient experience.(00:03:37) Global Implementation of Integrated CareThe global challenges and successes in implementing integrated care.(00:04:45) Cost Implications of Integrated CareThe potential cost-saving benefits of integrated care through efficient coordination.(00:05:34) COVID-19’s Impact on Healthcare IntegrationThe pandemic's dual role in exposing challenges and providing opportunities for integrated care.(00:07:45) The Role of AI in Healthcare's FutureAI’s potential in healthcare and the importance of user collaboration.(00:09:38) Importance of Iterative DevelopmentThe need for continuous collaboration in healthcare technology development.(00:12:16) Patient Perspectives in Tech DevelopmentThe value of integrating patient feedback into healthcare technology.(00:13:20) Consumer Suggestions for Health CareHow patient feedback has influenced health care improvements.(00:16:49) Iterative Development of Health Care TechnologiesThe iterative process of developing health care technologies with continuous input from end users.(00:24:29) Advice for Healthcare TechnologistsAdvice for technologists on developing useful and accepted healthcare tools.(00:27:22) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Psychologist Judy Fan is an expert in how physical objects facilitate learning. In the classroom, these include pencils, pens, paper, and whiteboards. But in any learning situation, the physical world provides tools for learning and communicating, often trumping the speed and reach of today’s digital technologies. These objects are cognitive tools – physical representations of human thought, she says. They help us think, solve problems, and communicate with others better and more effectively, as she tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Judy FanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Judy Fan, a professor of psychology at Stanford University.(00:02:02) The Essence of Cognitive ToolsWhat cognitive tools are and their importance from ancient times to the present.(00:03:37) Historical Context of Cognitive ToolsThe historical evolution of cognitive tools and their role in education.(00:06:57) Cross-Cultural Insights on Cognitive ToolsThe universality of cognitive tools and cross-cultural variations.(00:12:39) Developmental Trajectories in Visual CommunicationHow children develop the ability to visually communicate concepts and the differences between cultures.(00:17:01) The Influence of Cultural Artifacts on PerceptionHow cultural exposure shapes our perception and depiction of the world.(00:22:15) The Future of Learning TechnologiesThe impact of technological advancements on cognitive tools and potential directions for the future.(00:24:29) Hands-On Learning and Interactive ToolsThe importance of interactive learning activities that allow students to engage with scientific processes.(00:27:44) Enhancing Creative Processes Through TechnologyWays technology can aid creative professionals and the development of tools for high-level experts.(00:30:44) Bridging Novice and Expert NeedsThe challenges of designing technology that serves both novices and experts.(00:33:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

From witchcraft to shamans to those with schizophrenia, voices and visions have always been part of human experience and they have always intrigued anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann. She now studies how various cultures understand these mysterious mental phenomena. Luhrmann has observed and talked to hundreds who’ve experienced voices and visions and learned there are “different pathways” to understand them, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Tanya Marie LuhrmannTanya Luhrmann: WebsiteConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Tanya Luhrmann, a professor of anthropology at Stanford University.(00:02:18) Origins of InterestTanya shares her background and how it influenced her studies on the human mind and its perceptions.(00:05:53) Methodologies in Anthropological ResearchThe methods used to understand experiences like hearing voices and seeing visions.(00:07:04) Cultural Variability in Human ExperiencesHow hearing voices varies across cultures, and their implications on mental health.(00:13:42) The Clinical and Non-Clinical SpectrumThe clinical aspects of hearing voices, and how they are perceived and treated in different contexts.(00:18:01) Non-Clinical Manifestations and PracticeThe influence of practices and beliefs on non-clinical supernatural experiences.(00:22:24) Characteristics of LeadersFactors that make certain individuals leaders in perceptual practices.(00:23:43) AI and Relationships with ChatbotsParallels between relationships with imagined entities and modern AI chatbots.(00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Whether you’re taking a summer road trip, planning a long plane ride, or simply enjoying walks in the warm weather, we want to take a moment to recommend to you a few recent episodes of The Future of Everything to listen to along the way. You’ll find a list of these episodes in the show notes, but as a brief preview we’ve got conversations on robotics, brain science, cybersecurity, the universe, and exercise waiting for you. If you’re interested in any one of these topics, check out this summer playlist and be sure to download these episodes before you head out for summer fun.Curated Episode Links:The future of robotics (Jeannette Bohg): Website / YouTubeThe future of brain science (Sergiu Pasca): Website / YouTubeThe future of cybersecurity (Amy Zegart): Website / YouTubeThe future of the universe (Risa Wechsler): Website / YouTubeThe future of exercise (Jonathan Long): Website / YouTubeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Alberto Salleo is an expert in the long, chain-like molecules known as polymers. The world relies on polymers and the most common are in plastics. Salleo is now working on a new generation of organic polymers made of Earth-abundant materials that could lead to flexible electronics that can biodegrade or be easily recycled. These polymers could be game-changers, Salleo tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Alberto SalleoAlberto’s Lab: Salleo Research GroupConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Alberto Salleo, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:03:02) Defining PolymersA fundamental definition of polymers, emphasizing their structure as long molecules composed of repeating subunits.(00:04:43) Everyday Applications of PolymersThe commonplace polymers that people encounter daily and their broader impacts.(00:05:42) Organic Polymers and ElectronicsThe unique properties of organic polymers, their applications in electronics and potential for biodegradability.(00:07:52) Advanced Polymer ApplicationsThe development of flexible electronics using organic polymers, including the challenges and current research status.(00:11:27) Neuromorphic ComputingThe role of polymers in neuromorphic computing, highlighting how their properties could mimic brain functions.(00:14:42) Human-Brain Interface and Computing ApplicationsThe dual potential of polymers in interfacing with human brains and creating new generations of computers.(00:18:04) Emerging Research and TechnologiesThe integration of electron microscopy from biology to study polymers and their structures.(00:22:22) Electron Microscopy and Cryo-EM TechniquesAdvanced electron microscopy techniques, such as cryo-EM, to study polymers.(00:26:19) Electrochemistry and Sustainable BatteriesThe application of polymers in electrochemistry, particularly in creating high-density, recyclable batteries.(00:29:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We have another best-of episode for you today. This one is a conversation with Irene Lo about the work she’s doing to study and leverage markets for social impact — think markets for public school assignments, or medical school residency matches. Irene reminds us that markets exist to help effectively allocate limited resources, and not all marketplaces are based in cash. We hope you’ll tune in again to this thought provoking conversation to hear Irene talk about the changing face of markets.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Irene LoConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Irene Lo, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford.(00:03:23) Unique Challenges of Non-Financial MarketsThe unique challenges in markets where monetary transactions are not feasible or ethical.(00:04:21) School Choice and District PerspectivesThe multifaceted decisions parents and school districts face in school choice.(00:06:54) Collaboration with San Francisco School DistrictConnecting with the San Francisco School District to redesign their student assignment system.(00:08:27) Algorithms and Testing of School Assignment PoliciesThe extensive simulations and community engagement involved in testing the new school assignment policies algorithm before implementation.(00:11:18) Goals and Issues of the Old SystemWhy the old school assignment system failed to achieve its goals of predictability, proximity, and diversity.(00:12:52) Algorithm Adaptation for Broader UseThe potential for adapting the San Francisco school assignment algorithms for use in other cities and districts.(00:14:42) Applying Market Design to Medical Residency MatchesAdapting market design principles to medical residency placements, emphasizing multifactorial considerations.(00:19:07) Market Design in the Developing World: Indonesian Palm Oil MarketInsights into the challenges and solutions in improving the supply chain for palm oil in Indonesia.(00:24:08) Crowdsourcing InformationHow crowdsourcing information can help improve market efficiency for palm oil farmers and the challenges involved.(00:26:32) Market Manipulation and AlgorithmsThe future application of advanced algorithms to improve market dynamics once sufficient data is gathered.(00:28:08) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X