Today, I want to shine a light on a fascinating, little-known peptide called Pancragen. And if you want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. https://pepties.com/partners/ Now, if you’ve been following the world of anti-aging and metabolic optimization, you probably know about GLP-1 medications, metformin, and other mainstream therapies—but Pancragen is something a bit different. It’s a tiny peptide with a big mission. That is rejuvenating your pancreas and restoring metabolic function. And trust me, the science behind it is pretty remarkable. What is Pancragen? So here’s the story—Pancragen was developed by a team of Russian researchers led by Professor Vladimir Khavinson in St. Petersburg. These are the same minds behind legendary peptides like Epitalon and Thymalin. What they discovered was pretty fascinating. In the bovine pancreas, they found a tiny tetrapeptide—just four amino acids—that acts like a molecular switch for keeping your pancreas youthful. The full sequence is Lysine, Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, and Tryptophan. Now, in biochemistry, we usually shorten these with a one-letter code, so Lysine becomes K, Glutamic acid is E, Aspartic acid is D, and Tryptophan is W—which is why this peptide is known as KEDW. Pancragen was created to mimic that exact peptide. And over decades of studies in both animals and humans, the results have been honestly amazing. How Pancragen Works Here’s where it gets really exciting. Unlike most medicaitons that act broadly and non-specifically in the body, Pancragen is precise. When you inject it under the skin, it travels through your bloodstream straight to the pancreas. And get this—it can even enter the nucleus of pancreatic cells and interact with the DNA that controls key genes for insulin and enzyme production, like Pdx1, Ptf1a, and Pax6. Pdx1 is essential for insulin production, Ptf1a helps pancreatic cells make digestive enzymes, and Pax6 keeps the insulin-producing cells functioning properly. Basically, Pancragen flips these genes back on, helping pancreatic cells survive, grow, and work efficiently. The result? Better insulin regulation, improved enzyme production, and a pancreas that behaves years younger—think of it like updating your pancreas’s software to the latest version. What the Studies Show Let’s talk numbers. In aging patients with type 2 diabetes, Pancragen reduced fasting blood glucose by 20–25% and improved post-meal glucose even more. Even better, patients needed up to 35% less insulin for the same level of glucose control—meaning their cells became more sensitive to insulin rather than being forced to overwork. In primate studies, old monkeys treated with Pancragen actually outperformed those on glimepiride, a standard diabetes medication. Pancragen restored normal insulin and C-peptide rhythms without forcing the pancreas into burnout—and these effects lasted for weeks after treatment ended. And here’s a bonus: Pancragen also normalizes melatonin secretion, which helps improve sleep, circadian rhythm, and overall metabolic health. So it’s not just about blood sugar—it’s a full-spectrum metabolic reset. Safety and Benefits Pancragen has been on the market in Eastern Europe for over a decade with no reported toxicity or adverse interactions. It simply breaks down into regular amino acids when its job is done. Users report: More stable blood sugar and fewer hypoglycemic events Reduced insulin requirements Better digestion and enzyme function Increased energy and fewer “hangry” moments A general feeling of metabolic youthfulness/health And because it works at the gene-expression level, these benefits can last for weeks or months after a cycle of Pancragen. Who Should Consider Pancragen? So, who is Pancragen for? People with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: Pancragen helps restore normal pancreatic function, improving insulin production and glucose control instead of just masking symptoms. Those with chronic pancreatitis or enzyme insufficiency: By supporting pancreatic cells and enzyme production, it can help the pancreas work more efficiently, which may ease digestive issues. Older adults looking for metabolic anti-aging support: Pancragen can rejuvenate pancreatic function, improve insulin sensitivity, and support overall metabolic health—essentially helping the body act younger. Athletes or high-performers wanting optimal metabolic efficiency: Better pancreatic function means more precise insulin and enzyme regulation, supporting energy, recovery, and performance. People looking to prevent a plateau from GLP-1 therapy: Over time, some GLP-1 users hit a point where their progress stalls. Pancragen may help “reset” the pancreas so therapy stays effective. But keep in mind, if you’re just after a quick appetite suppressant, Pancragen isn’t for you. But if your goal is true pancreatic rejuvenation and long-term metabolic health, it can help. How to Use Pancragen The typical approach is to take 2 mg of Pancragen per day—either under the skin or into the muscle—for about 30 to 60 days (1 cycle). Most people repeat this course two to three times a year to keep the pancreas functioning at its best. Which brings me to a good point. If you stop taking Pancragen, nothing dangerous happens—it’s not like suddenly quitting a medication. What you’ll likely notice is that your pancreas gradually returns to its baseline function over time. The improvements in insulin regulation, enzyme production, and overall metabolic efficiency may slowly taper off, which is why most people do repeat courses a couple of times per year to keep those benefits going. Think of it like hitting “pause” on a fitness program—your gains won’t vanish overnight, but staying consistent helps maintain them. You also don’t need any complicated stacks to see results, though Pancragen can work well alongside GLP-1s and other anti-inflammatory peptides like BPC-157 or thymosin beta-4, if you’re already using them. Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If today’s episode resonated, share it with a friend. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Today we’re tackling a question I hear all the time: What’s the difference between thymosin beta-4 and TB-500? These two names often get tossed around like they’re the same thing — but they’re not. I’ve touched on this before, but because it can get pretty confusing, I want to break it down in more depth today. And if you want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. -> https://pepties.com/partners/ We’ll break down how each peptide works, the potential benefits and side effects we know about, what their half-lives look like, and why dosing often ends up being two to three times a week — even though technically you could dose daily at lower amounts. I also want to note that we’ll talk specifically about subcutaneous use, since that’s how these peptides are most often used in practice. What is Thymosin beta-4 and TB-500? Let’s start simple. Thymosin beta-4, or Tβ4, is the full-length natural peptide — it’s 43 amino acids long, and your body actually makes it. You’ll find it in platelets, white blood cells, and tissues all over the body. It helps with wound healing, new blood vessel growth, reducing inflammation, and keeping cells moving where they need to go. On the other hand, TB-500 is a synthetic (man-made) fragment of Tβ4 — basically, chemists figured out that a small part of the Tβ4 sequence, specifically the section that binds actin, or the 17-23 fragment, that seemed to carry a lot of the healing and regenerative activity. The tricky part is, TB-500 isn’t always just that one fragment. Let me try to explain this very confusing concept. Most of the time, when people say TB-500, they’re talking about the 17–23 fragment — the piece linked to actin binding and tissue repair. But full-length thymosin beta-4 can actually break down into several different active fragments, like Ac-SDKP, the 1-4 section, the 4-10 section, and even the 20–35 region — and each of those has its own unique effects on healing, inflammation, or fibrosis. Something we can discuss in another podcast. The focus today will be on the full-length, naturally occurring 43-amino acid peptide and the common N-acetylated 17-23 fragment often referred to as TB-500. So think of it this way: Tβ4 is the whole book, TB-500 is one powerful chapter. How does thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 work? Both thymosin beta-4 and TB-500 are best known for their role in tissue repair and recovery — but the way they work isn’t identical. They both help guide cells to where they’re needed after an injury, a process called cell migration. They also help prevent or limit scar tissue, improve blood flow by encouraging angiogenesis — the growth of new blood vessels — and help settle down excessive inflammation so healing can happen. Where they start to differ is in their scope. The full-length thymosin beta-4 is like the master version. Because it’s the entire 43–amino acid chain, it has more binding sites and interacts with more pathways. That gives it a broader range of effects — it’s been studied not just for wound healing, but also for heart repair after a heart attack, corneal healing in eye injuries, nerve and brain protection after trauma, and even immune system modulation. TB-500, on the other hand, is a synthetic fragment that contains the ‘active core’ sequence responsible for actin binding. This means it still boosts cell migration and new blood vessel growth, which are huge for recovery, but it doesn’t have all the extra regulatory sections of the full Tβ4 molecule. Because of that, TB-500 tends to be seen as more targeted — very good at tissue and tendon repair, wound closure, and improving circulation, but without the same wide-ranging effects on the heart, brain, or immune system that you see with the complete Tβ4 peptide Half-Life and Dosing Okay, let’s talk about half-life, because this confuses people all the time. Tβ4 has a short plasma half-life in humans — about one to two hours after IV dosing. That sounds super quick, right? But here’s the kicker: just because it clears from the blood doesn’t mean the effects are gone. Once it gets into tissues, it kicks off repair programs that can last for days. TB-500 hasn’t been studied as thoroughly in humans, so we don’t have published plasma half-life numbers you can point to. What we do know from animal and lab studies is that the fragment is also cleared pretty quickly, but the biological effects last much longer than the detectable levels in blood likeTβ4. That’s why protocols often use two or three injections per week rather than daily. Now, could you take either one every day? Technically, yes — especially at lower doses, and that’s actually been done in clinical research with the full-length thymosin beta-4. But in the peptide therapy world, particularly with TB-500 where we don’t have as much human data, most providers stick with two or three injections a week. It’s a sweet spot that keeps the benefits going, avoids overdoing it, and makes things easier and more affordable for patients. Let’s talk about subcutaneous dosing for TB-500 and Tβ4. Most of the time, these peptides are injected under the skin, usually in the abdomen or thigh. For TB-500, people commonly use 2–5 mg per injection, two to three times a week. The exact dose can really vary depending on what you’re using it for — tendon repair, muscle recovery, or general tissue healing. Tβ4, the full-length peptide, is similar, though sometimes the dose is a little lower because it has broader effects, including immune modulation. You might see protocols using 1–2 mg per injection, a couple times a week, or even lower daily doses for certain situations. BPC-157 is often called synergistic when used with (stacked with) peptides like TB-500 or Tβ4 because it enhances and complements their healing effects. TB-500 and Tβ4 mainly help with cell migration, tissue repair, and reducing fibrosis, which is great for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. BPC-157, on the other hand, is especially effective at protecting and repairing the gut, blood vessels, and connective tissue. When you use them together, you’re essentially covering multiple layers of healing: TB-500 or Tβ4 move cells to the injured area and support repair, while BPC-157 helps stabilize blood flow, supports angiogenesis, and promotes stronger tissue remodeling. The result is often faster, more complete recovery than using either peptide alone — that’s why people talk about them as being synergistic. What Are the Benefits of Tβ4 and TB-500 So what are people actually using these peptides for? Tβ4 has a wide range of uses when it comes to healing and recovery. It’s been studied for soft tissue repair, chronic injuries, and general recovery, and in surgical settings, some researchers and surgeons have even used it intra-operatively to help tissues heal faster and reduce scar formation. It’s also been applied post-procedure to speed recovery and calm inflammation. On the musculoskeletal side, Tβ4 shows promise for tendon and muscle repair, helping reduce fibrosis, boost new blood vessel growth, and support regeneration of muscle and tissue. Beyond that, it’s been explored for corneal injuries, dry eye, heart ischemia, neuroprotection, and inflammation control — making it a very versatile peptide with effects across multiple systems. TB-500 is popular for tendon and ligament repair, muscle recovery, post-surgical healing, and sometimes even athletic performance support. More on inflammation… Mast cells are immune cells that release chemicals like histamine when they get activated. This can cause redness, swelling, or itchiness — the classic signs of inflammation. But this isn’t all bad. Mast cell activation actually helps start the healing process by bringing other immune cells to the area and signaling the tissue to repair itself. In a controlled way, this early activation can help resolve inflammation faster because the tissue heals properly and swelling eventually goes down. This is also why full-length Tβ4 can sometimes cause more side effects than TB-500. Tβ4 interacts directly with mast cells and other parts of the immune system, so it can trigger more of these early inflammatory responses. TB-500, being a fragment, mostly focuses on tissue repair and cell movement, so it tends to cause fewer immune-related side effects. And speaking of well-tolerated, I want to talk about potential side effects next. Side effects tend to be mild, but people have reported injection site irritation, redness, or mild swelling. People have also reported headache, fatigue, or a “flu-like” feeling in some users. What Are My Final Thoughts? Tβ4 is the natural, full-length peptide, and it has the broadest range of effects. There’s even some human trial data supporting it, especially for things like eye and wound healing. TB-500 is a shorter, synthetic fragment — it’s more targeted, easier to produce, and widely used in peptide therapy, but it doesn’t have as much human clinical data behind it. Both peptides leave the bloodstream quickly, but their effects last longer in the body. That’s why most people dose them two to three times a week with subcutaneous injections. That said, at lower doses, they can also be taken daily if needed. Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If today’s episode resonated, share it with a friend. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Today we’re diving into a topic that a lot of people struggle with quietly but don’t always feel comfortable talking about: food anxiety. And if you want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Maybe you’ve felt nervous about going to a party because you weren’t sure what kind of food would be there. Or maybe you’ve found yourself planning your entire day around what you’ll eat and how to control it. Perhaps you’ve even finished a meal only to have guilt set in right away. That’s what food anxiety looks like—and you are definitely not alone. Today we’re going to talk about what food anxiety actually is, why it shows up, what you can do to calm it, and even how some of the newest medications—things like GLP-1s and dual GIP/GLP-1s—may actually help by quieting some of the mental “food noise.” What is food anxiety? At its core, food anxiety is stress or fear around eating. And the thing is, it doesn’t look the same for everyone. For one person, it might show up as constantly worrying they’ll overeat. For another, it’s that lingering guilt after eating something they feel they “shouldn’t have.” And sometimes it’s more subtle than that—like a constant hum in the background of your mind where you’re thinking about food all day, even when you’re not hungry. I often describe it like having a radio station in your brain that’s tuned into “food talk.” Sometimes it’s background noise, sometimes it’s blaring, but either way, it’s draining. And over time, that stress around eating chips away at both your mental and physical health. Why does food anxiety happen? So why does this happen in the first place? A big part of it is the culture we live in. For decades, we’ve been bombarded with messages that carbs are bad, fat is bad, sugar is the enemy—and the list keeps changing. That constant labeling of food as “good” or “bad” teaches us to feel guilty when we eat the so-called wrong thing. For others, food anxiety starts when they get a medical diagnosis. If you’ve been told you have diabetes, heart disease, or that you need to lose weight for health reasons, suddenly every single bite can feel like a math problem. You’re not just eating—you’re calculating, you’re worrying, you’re second-guessing. And then there’s the way dieting itself messes with our natural signals. When we spend years restricting, counting, and controlling, we often lose touch with our body’s hunger and fullness cues. Instead of trusting how we feel, we rely on rigid rules. And when those rules get broken, the anxiety hits hard. And finally, we can’t ignore biology. Food, especially highly processed food, lights up reward pathways in the brain. For some people, those signals are incredibly strong—stronger than for others. That means more cravings, more urges, and unfortunately, more guilt when they give in. What can you do about food anxiety behaviorally? Now, here’s the good news. There are things you can do to reduce food anxiety, and you don’t need to overhaul your entire life to start seeing changes. One of the simplest but most powerful tools is mindful eating. And I know that phrase gets thrown around a lot. But at its heart, mindful eating just means slowing down. It means actually tasting your food, noticing the textures, and checking in with how your body feels. When you slow down enough to notice satisfaction, you’re much more likely to stop eating when you’re comfortable instead of stuffed—and that takes a lot of the stress out of the meal. Another shift that helps tremendously is dropping the “good” and “bad” food labels. Health isn’t decided by one cookie, just like it isn’t guaranteed by one salad. What matters is your overall pattern, week by week, month by month. When you start to see food as neutral—as fuel, as enjoyment, as part of life—it loosens the grip of guilt and allows you to be more flexible. And speaking of flexibility, having a loose structure around meals can be calming. Instead of rigid dieting rules, like “I can never eat after 7 p.m.,” focus on balance. A meal that has some protein, some fiber, and a little healthy fat is naturally stabilizing. It helps keep blood sugar steady, which means fewer spikes and fewer crashes. And when your body feels stable, your brain feels calmer, too. It’s also worth paying attention to your personal triggers. For some people, weekly weigh-ins, keeping a food log, or using a nutrition app can be helpful. But for others, they actually fuel the anxiety. If you notice those things making you more stressed rather than less, it’s okay to step away from them. You can still eat intentionally without logging every single bite. And while we are on the subject of personal triggers like daily or weekly weigh-ins, I want to talk about this a bit more. It’s really important to remember, your body weight naturally fluctuates from day to day. Daily weight changes are completely normal and can happen for a bunch of reasons. Your body might hold onto water from salty foods, hormones, or just changes in hydration. What you’ve eaten recently can also temporarily add weight, and when you eat carbohydrates, your muscles store them along with water, which can make the scale go up a bit. For women, hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can cause water retention that shows on the scale as well. On top of all that, if you’ve been exercising more, you might be building muscle even while losing fat. Because muscle is denser than fat, the scale might not move—or could even go up slightly—while your body is actually getting leaner and stronger. Because of these normal variations, seeing a slightly higher number on the scale one day can feel discouraging—even if you’re making great progress. Instead of focusing on daily fluctuations, a better approach is to look at your net overall trend over a month. Tracking the weekly or monthly average gives you a more accurate picture of real progress and helps reduce stress or obsession with the number on the scale And lastly, support makes a big difference. Whether that’s working with a dietitian, talking with a therapist, or joining a group, sometimes having someone else in your corner makes it easier to change both your habits and the way you think about food. Where medications may help: GLP-1s and dual GIP/GLP-1s Now let’s shift gears for a moment, because in the past few years, there’s been an exciting development in how we treat weight and appetite. Medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists—semaglutide is one example—and the newer dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists, like tirzepatide, have been game changers. So what do they actually do? GLP-1s mimic a natural hormone your gut makes after you eat. That hormone tells your brain, “Hey, you’re full.” It also slows down how quickly food leaves your stomach and helps keep you fuller, longer. They also cause your pancreas to release insulin when there’s too much sugar from food in your bloodstream. This lowers your blood sugar and helps your cells use glucose (sugar from the food you’ve eaten). This is helpful because extra sugar your cells don’t use for energy is stored as fat, which is why high blood sugar can cause weight gain. The dual GIP/GLP-1s do all of that, plus they act on another hormone called GIP, GIP improves how your body uses sugar AND fat (storing less of both by breaking them down to use for energy). Now, here’s where it gets fascinating for food anxiety. People who take these medications often report that the “food noise” in their head finally quiets down. Instead of thinking about food all day, the volume on that radio station turns way down. Meals feel more manageable. A normal portion actually feels satisfying. And for many, that overwhelming urge to snack or binge just isn’t there anymore. When your hunger cues are more predictable and less intense, you don’t feel like you’re constantly fighting your own body. That alone can dramatically reduce the anxiety around eating. And by calming the physical side—the cravings, the urges—it gives you more space to work on the mental and emotional side of eating without feeling like you’re swimming upstream. Of course, these medications aren’t a magic fix. They don’t erase years of learned guilt or change the culture we live in. But they can be powerful tools, especially when paired with mindful eating practices and professional support. My Final Thoughts If you take one thing away from this episode, let it be this: food anxiety is real. It’s not about weakness or lack of willpower. It’s shaped by culture, by biology, by personal history—and it can be incredibly challenging. But there are ways to reduce it. Slowing down and being more mindful at meals, letting go of the “good food versus bad food” mindset, building flexible eating habits, and getting support are all steps in the right direction. And for some, medications like GLP-1s or dual GIP/GLP-1s can make the process easier by quieting the biological noise that drives anxiety in the first place. Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If today’s episode resonated, share it with a friend and please remember you’re not alone. Many people struggle with food anxiety, and there is nothing wrong with reaching out for help—whether that’s behavioral support, medical treatment, or both. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Today we’re talking about something every woman deserves straight talk about—perimenopause and menopause and the many changes that happen as estrogen and progesterone begin to decline. If you want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Now, most of us have heard about hot flashes, but very few people explain what’s actually happening inside our bodies, why it’s happening, and what we can do to feel better. And yes, that includes some really interesting therapies like peptides. What is happening? Let’s start with the transition itself. Perimenopause is that phase leading up to menopause, which is officially defined as twelve months without a menstrual cycle. It usually starts in your 40s, though some women notice changes earlier. The reason it can feel like a rollercoaster is all about hormones. Estrogen is our multitasker—keeping our bones strong, our skin glowing, our brains sharp, and even helping with vaginal lubrication. When estrogen dips, it’s not surprising that hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood swings start showing up. Progesterone, on the other hand, is what I like to call our “chill hormone.” It helps us sleep and keeps our cycles balanced. When progesterone drops, insomnia, irritability, and mood swings can sneak in. And let’s not forget testosterone, which fuels energy, muscle, and libido. As testosterone slowly declines, it’s no wonder sex drive can take a hit. When these three hormones are fluctuating or dropping during perimenopause, it can touch nearly every part of the body, making this phase feel intense and, at times, overwhelming. Brain fog Then there’s brain fog. You know, that feeling when you walk into a room and can’t remember why you’re there. Estrogen actually plays a big role in keeping our brain sharp by influencing neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, which manage memory and focus. When estrogen levels fall, those neurotransmitters aren’t as efficient, and poor sleep from night sweats can make brain fog even thicker. What helps? Regular exercise, consistent sleep, omega-3s, and even brain-training games can make a difference. And peptides can play a role here too. Nootropic peptides like Selank and Semax support neurotransmitter balance, helping with focus, memory, and mental clarity, while also helping the brain manage stress and fatigue. Weight gain Let’s talk about one of the biggest frustrations women bring up during perimenopause and menopause—weight gain. You may notice that even if you’re eating the same and moving your body the way you always have, the scale starts creeping up. This isn’t your imagination. As estrogen levels drop, metabolism slows down, muscle mass tends to decrease, and fat starts redistributing—especially around the belly. On top of that, poor sleep, more stress, and shifting insulin sensitivity can all make it harder to keep weight steady. The good news is there are ways to manage this. Resistance or strength training helps preserve and even rebuild muscle, which keeps your metabolism active. Prioritizing protein with every meal can support that muscle, too. Managing stress through mindfulness, yoga, or simply better boundaries can help with cortisol—the stress hormone that encourages belly fat storage. And paying attention to blood sugar balance, by choosing more whole foods and fewer processed carbs, can really make a difference. For some women, hormone therapy can provide extra support by improving sleep, mood, and metabolism, making it easier to maintain a healthy weight. And now, we also have GLP-1 agonists—like semaglutide—and even newer dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists, such as tirzepatide. These medications work by improving satiety, slowing digestion, balancing blood sugar, and supporting insulin sensitivity, all of which can make weight management during menopause more achievable. They’re not magic, but when combined with lifestyle changes, they can be powerful tools to help women feel more in control of their weight and overall health during this stage of life. Hair changes Hair changes are another big one. Estrogen helps keep hair thick, strong, and healthy by promoting follicle growth and prolonging the growth phase. When estrogen drops, hair can start thinning. At the same time, shifts in androgen levels like testosterone and its potent form, DHT, can trigger hair growth in places we really don’t want it, like the chin or upper lip. Collagen supplements, checking iron and vitamin D levels, stimulating the scalp, or even low-level laser therapy can all support healthier hair. Peptides like GHK-Cu, a copper peptide, stimulate hair follicles by promoting cell growth, increasing blood supply, and supporting collagen production. Thymosin Beta-4, or TB-500, also helps by reducing inflammation and encouraging tissue repair, creating a better environment for hair growth. Skin changes As estrogen dips, natural moisture throughout the body also decreases. This can mean dry eyes, crepey or itchy skin, and new sensitivities popping up seemingly out of nowhere. Support can be as simple as artificial tears, omega-3s to support tear production, gentle fragrance-free moisturizers, or running a humidifier at night. Peptides like Epitalon reduce oxidative stress, support collagen production, and promote cellular repair, which can improve skin elasticity. BPC-157 helps reduce inflammation and supports healing, making the skin less reactive and more comfortable. Bladder issues And then there are those bladder surprises. Ever sneeze, laugh, or cough and suddenly wonder if you should’ve packed a spare pair of underwear? Dropping estrogen weakens the pelvic floor and thins the bladder lining, which can make those little “oops” moments more common. Kegel exercises, pelvic floor physical therapy, vaginal estrogen creams, and avoiding bladder irritants like coffee or alcohol can help. Peptides like BPC-157 support tissue healing in the bladder and pelvic area, and KPV may help calm irritation in urinary tissues. Mood changes Mood changes are another challenge. Shifts in estrogen, progesterone, and serotonin can trigger anxiety, irritability, or low mood seemingly overnight. Things like therapy, mindfulness, regular exercise, and making sure you get enough vitamin D and magnesium can really help. Peptides give an extra boost too. Selank is a gentle anti-anxiety peptide that won’t make you drowsy, DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) helps improve deep sleep, naturally stabilizing mood, and Semax works on dopamine pathways to lift energy, focus, and motivation when you need it most. Sex drive Finally, let’s talk about something we don’t discuss enough: libido. Vaginal dryness, fatigue, and shifting hormones can all make desire dip, and this is very much physiological, not just in your head. Lubricants, vaginal moisturizers, hormone replacement therapy, and open communication with your partner can all help. Peptides like PT-141 (bremelanotide), work on melanocortin receptors in the brain to boost sexual desire. It’s an on-demand injection, usually taken a few hours before intimacy, and many women feel it helps restore that spark that seemed long gone, though side effects can include flushing or nausea. So here’s the big takeaway: menopause is much more than hot flashes. It’s brain, body, skin, mood, and sexual function all shifting at once. But you don’t have to just “tough it out.” From lifestyle shifts to targeted peptides, there are tools to help you feel like yourself again. And the most important thing to remember is that you are not alone. Every chin hair, every laugh-leak, every brain fog moment—you’ve got millions of women nodding right along with you. Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If today’s episode resonated, share it with a friend—because if she’s in her 40s or 50s, she’s probably going through the same changes and wondering if she’s the only one. And if you want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today, we’re diving into one of the most talked-about topics in health and weight loss right now: GLP-1 medications like semaglutide and the newer dual GIP/GLP-1s like tirzepatide. You’ve probably seen the headlines, scrolled past a few TikToks, or heard a friend mention it — but with all that noise comes a lot of confusion, half-truths, and flat-out myths. Today we’re breaking it all down. What’s real? What’s hype? And what do you actually need to know if you're using these medications — or thinking about it? Let’s separate science from scare tactics and get to the truth, one myth at a time. Myth #1: GLP-1s Cause Dangerous Muscle Loss The claim: “GLP-1s cause massive muscle loss.” Truth: This is an overstatement. Some loss of lean mass is normal with any kind of weight loss — whether it’s through diet, medication, or surgery. What studies show is that with medications like semaglutide (Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Zepbound), about 20–25% of the total weight lost comes from lean mass, and the rest is fat — which is exactly what we’re targeting in obesity treatment. That 20–25% figure isn’t unique to these meds; it’s actually pretty typical in weight loss without focused resistance training or optimized protein intake. You may also hear “You’ll lose all your muscle and become frail on GLP-1s.” Truth: You won’t “lose all your muscle.” In fact, muscle loss is preventable by maintaining adequate protein intake, resistance training, and managing weight loss pace. Furthermore, many patients gain strength and mobility as excess weight comes off. And lastly, my favorite myth is “You can’t preserve muscle on GLP-1s.” Truth: That’s completely false — muscle loss isn’t inevitable on GLP-1s if you take the right approach. You can absolutely preserve muscle by making a few intentional choices: aim for enough protein each day (a good goal is around 0.8 grams per pound of body weight), include some strength or resistance training a couple times a week, and avoid losing weight too quickly. These simple steps go a long way in protecting your lean mass while still getting all the benefits of weight loss. One study on semaglutide showed that people lost an average of about 15% of their body weight, and only around 3–4% of that was lean mass. So if someone drops 30 pounds, maybe 6 to 8 of those pounds might be lean mass—not ideal, but definitely not disastrous either, and very manageable with the right lifestyle habits. The truth is, while some lean mass loss is expected with any type of weight loss, research shows that most of the weight lost on GLP-1s is actually fat, not muscle. For example, in the STEP 1 trial, about 80% of the weight lost on semaglutide came from fat, and only about 20% from lean tissue (as we mentioned earlier). The SURMOUNT-1 trial with tirzepatide showed similar results—significant fat loss with relatively preserved muscle, especially when paired with resistance training. And that’s important, because preserving muscle during weight loss helps protect metabolism, strength, and overall health. With good nutrition and movement, GLP-1s can lead to healthier body composition—not just a lower number on the scale. Okay, moving along to the next myth … Myth #2: GLP-1s Can Cause Blindness The truth: This myth stems from concerns about diabetic retinopathy worsening, which is tied to how quickly blood sugar drops, not to the drug itself. In the SUSTAIN-6 trial (Marso et al., NEJM, 2016), a small subset of patients with pre-existing advanced diabetic retinopathy saw transient worsening—but only in those with rapid improvements in A1c. No increased rates of blindness or new-onset retinopathy have been found in non-diabetic patients using GLP-1s for weight loss. The bottom line is that those without advanced diabetic eye disease, there’s no increased risk of blindness. Patients with diabetic retinopathy should be monitored closely—but this is about glycemic management, not a direct effect of the medication. Myth #3: GLP-1s Cause Kidney or Liver Damage The truth: This is false. In fact, GLP-1 agonists may protect kidney and liver function—especially in patients with diabetes or fatty liver disease. The most recent notable study showing kidney‑protective effects of a GLP‑1 receptor agonist is the FLOW trial, which evaluated semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This double‑blind, randomized, placebo‑controlled trial included 3,533 participants followed for a median of 3.4 years and found that semaglutide reduced the risk of major kidney‑related events—including kidney failure, substantial eGFR decline, and death from renal or cardiovascular causes—by 24% compared to placebo. A 2025 meta-analysis of multiple randomized controlled trials (11 studies, 85,373 participants) concluded that GLP‑1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of composite kidney failure outcomes by 18%, kidney failure by 16%, and all‑cause death by 12%. And let’s not forget the SMART trial, involving obese patients with kidney disease but without diabetes, found that semaglutide protected kidney function in this non‑diabetic, CKD‑affected population. When it comes to the liver, there's actually growing evidence they’re actually helping reverse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The STEP 1 MRI substudy and SURPASS-3 MRI substudy have shown people on these medications can reduce liver fat by 30 to even 50% and in some cases, completely resolve liver inflammation — that more serious form called NASH, where fat is combined with inflammation and early scarring. The LEAN trial found that nearly 60% of people taking semaglutide had resolution of NASH, without worsening their liver scarring. That’s huge. And even better, we’re seeing these effects even in people who don’t have diabetes. Just losing weight helps fatty liver, but these meds seem to do more than that — they actually target inflammation and fat storage in the liver itself.. The bottom line is GLP-1s are not nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic. In fact, they may be organ-protective—especially for people with underlying metabolic issues. Myth #4: These Drugs Lead to Bone Loss The claim: “You’ll get osteoporosis from losing too much weight!” The truth: While extreme weight loss can affect bone density, GLP-1s themselves do not cause bone loss, and may even have neutral or protective effects on bone. A 2022 study in Bone found no significant change in BMD (bone mineral density) in adults treated with semaglutide for obesity. While the SUSTAIN and PIONEER programs found no increased risk of fractures in semaglutide-treated patients versus placebo. Truly, concerns about bone loss are more relevant in extreme calorie restriction or eating disorders—not evidence-based GLP-1 treatment with appropriate nutrition. Myth #5: Everyone Gets Gastroparesis The claim: “These medications paralyze your stomach” The truth: GLP-1s slow gastric emptying, which is part of how they work—making you feel full longer. But this is dose-dependent and typically reversible. A 2023 FDA safety review found that true gastroparesis is extremely rare and resolves when the drug is stopped. Reality check: Nausea, early satiety, and mild bloating are common but manageable side effects. True, lasting gastroparesis is not typical, especially when doses are titrated gradually. Myth #6: GLP-1s Make Your Hair Fall Out The claim: “You’ll lose a ton of hair—just like with crash diets” The truth: Hair shedding is not directly caused by GLP-1 medications. Instead, it’s often a temporary, non-scarring condition called telogen effluvium, which can happen with any rapid weight loss, regardless of the method. A 2023 analysis from the American Academy of Dermatology emphasized that telogen effluvium is common with surgical or medical weight loss, especially if patients lose more than 10% of their body weight within a few months. In clinical trials like STEP and SURMOUNT, hair loss was not listed as a common side effect, but patient-reported data show it occurs occasionally—likely tied to nutritional stress, not the drug itself. So why does hair loss happen? We’ve talked about this before, but I don’t want to leave this important information out. Hair follicles are sensitive to internal stress. Rapid changes in caloric intake, nutrient levels (like iron, zinc, and biotin), or hormone balance can push hairs into the shedding phase. This is a delayed effect, often showing up 2–3 months after weight loss begins, and it typically resolves within 6–12 months. What helps is slower, sustained weight loss, prioritizing protein intake, supplementing iron, zinc, and biotin if deficient, and avoiding very low-calorie diets and over-restriction. Myth #6: GLP-1s Cause Dehydration It’s a common myth that GLP-1 medications cause dehydration — but that’s not exactly true. The medication itself doesn’t directly dehydrate you. What can happen is that some people experience nausea, vomiting, or a reduced appetite early on, which can lead to drinking less water without realizing it. That’s where the dehydration risk comes in. A good general rule for staying hydrated is to aim for half your body weight in ounces of water per day. So, for example, if you weigh 160 pounds, try to drink around 80 ounces daily — more if you're active or live in a hot climate. Electrolytes can also be really helpful, especially if you’re feeling tired, dizzy, or crampy. I like LMNT packets — they’re a clean option with no sugar and a good balance of sodium, magnesium, and potassium. The sodium in LMNT packets helps keep you hydrated by pulling water into your cells and helping your body retain the fluids it needs to function properly. Just one a day can make a big difference in how you feel. Myth #7: You Hav
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today we’re switching gears a bit to talk about a medication rather than a peptide — metformin. If you’re someone who’s interested in peptides for metabolic health or inflammation, you’ve probably heard metformin mentioned alongside them. It’s been around for decades as a diabetes medication, but recently it’s gaining attention for its potential benefits beyond blood sugar, including longevity, inflammation, and neuroprotection — even in people who don't have diabetes. Let’s get into it. Metformin and Longevity Can metformin really help us live longer? One of the biggest sparks came from a 2014 study published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, where researchers found that diabetics on metformin actually lived longer than non-diabetics not taking the medication. The authors suggested that metformin may offer protective benefits beyond glucose control, possibly by reducing oxidative stress and slowing cellular aging. This inspired the launch of the TAME trial—short for Targeting Aging with Metformin—which is designed to test whether metformin can delay the onset of age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. While results are still pending, it’s the first large-scale effort to study aging as a treatable condition, not just a process. Inflammation and Immunometabolism Next up: inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation is at the root of so many health issues—heart disease, dementia, even depression. Metformin appears to blunt systemic inflammation by activating AMPK. Think of AMPK as a metabolic master switch that lowers inflammatory signaling. A 2021 review published in Pharmacological Research found that metformin can inhibit NF-κB, a major pathway that drives inflammation. It also helped lower levels of CRP—a protein made by the liver that rises when there’s inflammation from things like infection, injury, or chronic disease—and IL-6, another immune system protein commonly elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions. Because of these anti-inflammatory effects, researchers have been exploring metformin’s potential in conditions beyond diabetes, including autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis (MS), PCOS, and even COVID—where it’s been linked to lower mortality in patients with diabetes. Brain Health and Neuroprotection What about the brain? Can metformin help protect against cognitive decline? There’s some promising data here too. A 2017 study in Aging Cell found that metformin improved neurogenesis in the hippocampus of aged mice—basically, helping old brains grow new neurons. In 2019 a cohort study in JAMA Network reported that people with type 2 diabetes taking metformin had a lower risk of developing dementia compared to those not taking it. Mechanisms may include reduced insulin resistance in the brain, less oxidative stress, and—again—AMPK activation, which promotes mitochondrial health and energy production. Still, human trials are mixed, and more controlled research is needed before we can call it a “smart drug.” Lower Cancer Risk So, here’s an interesting one—can metformin actually lower the risk of cancer? Well, the short answer is: maybe. People with diabetes tend to have a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer, so part of metformin’s benefit could just come from better managing blood sugar and insulin levels. But what’s really exciting is that researchers think metformin might do even more than that. There’s evidence suggesting it could have direct effects on cancer cells—like slowing down their growth or making the environment less friendly for tumors. Some studies have found lower rates of cancers like breast, colon, and prostate in people taking metformin. Now, this isn’t a magic bullet or anything, but it’s a promising area of research that’s getting a lot of attention. So metformin might be pulling double duty: managing diabetes and potentially helping reduce cancer risk through other mechanisms we’re still learning about. Metabolic Health for Non-Diabetics Now here’s where it gets controversial—should healthy people without diabetes be taking metformin? Some researchers argue yes, especially for people with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, or high inflammation. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces liver glucose production, and may even support modest weight loss. That said, there are tradeoffs. Metformin can cause stomach-related side effects (e.g., nausea, gas, heartburn, and diarrhea) and vitamin B12 deficiency (which may lead to nerve damage). It can also cause extreme fatigue. Metformin may sometimes cause sexual side effects, like erectile dysfunction in men. Some studies suggest it might lower testosterone, which we know is important for male sexual health. But interestingly, other research points to metformin actually improving blood flow to the penis, which could help with erectile issues. So, it’s a bit of a mixed picture—and it really depends on the individual. And although rare, it can cause lactic acidosis (a life threatening condition where lactic acid builds up in the blood) in older adults, people with advanced kidney disease, or those who drink excessive amounts of alcohol. So it’s not a free pass. So what are my final thoughts and who should you take metformin for longevity? Metformin isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution, and it’s definitely not something to start just because you heard about it on a podcast. We still need more research—especially in people without diabetes—to really understand who benefits most. But it might make sense for some people, like those with prediabetes, PCOS, metabolic syndrome, or even older adults looking to support healthy aging. As always, it’s something to talk through with your healthcare provider. The science is exciting, but it’s all about finding what makes sense for you. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. If you’ve ever felt like your head was stuck in a cloud, your thoughts were moving in slow motion, or you walk into a room and forget why you’re there, you’re not alone. Brain fog is real—and it can seriously mess with your productivity, your mood, and even your confidence. Today we’re going to talk about what brain fog actually is, what causes it, as well as peptides and natural strategies you can use to help. Let’s get into it. What is Brain Fog? “Brain fog” isn’t a medical term, but it is a very real experience. It describes a cluster of symptoms—like forgetfulness, poor concentration, mental fatigue, and lack of clarity. Some people say they feel like they’re walking through mud mentally. Others describe it as feeling “off” or like their brain is buffering. Now, this isn’t the same as full-blown cognitive impairment or dementia—it’s more like your brain is just tired or underperforming. Common Causes of Brain Fog So, what’s really behind that cloudy-headed feeling we call brain fog? It turns out, there are several common culprits—and a lot of them have to do with how your body and brain are (or aren’t) being supported. First up, poor sleep. Honestly, this one’s a biggie. Sleep is when your brain takes out the trash—literally clearing out toxins, locking in memories, and resetting for the day ahead. Without enough deep, restful sleep, you’re basically trying to function on a low battery. That grogginess, forgetfulness, or lack of focus? All classic signs your brain didn’t get the cleanup it needed. Then there’s chronic stress. When you’re constantly juggling demands and pressures, your body stays in “fight-or-flight” mode, pumping out cortisol. In the short term, that’s fine. But when cortisol stays high for too long, it can actually shrink the hippocampus—the part of your brain responsible for memory and focus. Not ideal. Inflammation is another sneaky cause. When you're eating a lot of processed foods, sugar, or unhealthy fats—or dealing with gut imbalances—it can spark low-grade inflammation that messes with how your brain cells communicate. That can slow you down mentally, make it harder to focus, and leave you feeling mentally sluggish. Let’s not forget about blood sugar swings. If your day looks like coffee and a muffin, then nothing until a big lunch, then a sugary snack mid-afternoon…your blood sugar is on a rollercoaster. And your brain feels it. That foggy, irritable crash? Yeah, that’s part of the ride. Hormonal changes can also play a big role—especially during menopause, andropause, thyroid imbalances, or even monthly cycle shifts. Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, and thyroid hormones all impact brain chemistry, and when they fluctuate, your concentration, energy, and memory can take a hit. We also have nutrient deficiencies to consider. Your brain needs specific nutrients to thrive—things like B12, magnesium, omega-3s, and vitamin D. If you’re low in any of these (which is more common than you’d think), it can show up as brain fog, low mood, or trouble focusing. And finally, there’s post-viral fatigue. If you’ve had something like COVID or the flu recently, you might notice it takes a while to bounce back mentally. That’s because your immune system may still be in overdrive, and your brain’s trying to recover right along with the rest of you. Oh—and a quick shoutout to medications and alcohol. Some meds (like antihistamines, sleep aids, or anti-anxiety drugs) can definitely slow your thinking. And even moderate alcohol, especially over time, messes with memory and focus—sometimes even the next day. So if your brain’s been feeling a little off lately, it might be worth looking at one—or a few—of these areas to start clearing the fog. Peptides That Help Brain Fog If you’ve been struggling with long-term brain fog, there are a few peptides that might be worth exploring. Semax and Selank —both originally developed in Russia—are known for their brain-boosting benefits. Semax supports memory, focus, and stress resilience, while Selank works more on the anxiety and mood side by targeting the GABA system, without causing drowsiness. Then there’s Dihexa, a powerful nootropic that helps increase BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), which plays a key role in growing and strengthening brain cell connections. Cerebrolysin is another option—it’s a more complex peptide that’s often used in cases of brain injury or cognitive decline, though it can be harder to get. And finally, BPC-157, best known for healing gut and muscle tissue, also has some neuroprotective effects and might support brain health by calming systemic inflammation. Some Natural Strategies to Clear Brain Fog Peptides are great, but let’s not forget the basics or more natural strategies we can use that often make the biggest difference. Some natural ways to fight brain fog: Prioritize sleep – 7 to 9 hours. No phone in bed. Create a wind-down routine. Eat to balance blood sugar – Think protein and healthy fats with every meal, and cut back on refined carbs. Also pay attention to the order in which you eat specific foods to help prevent blood sugar spikes. For example, start your meal with vegetables, eat proteins and fats next, and end your meal with carbohydrates. Hydrate – Dehydration can make your brain feel sluggish. Try to drink about half your body weight in ounces of water each day. So if you weigh 160 pounds, aim for around 80 ounces. Move your body – Even 20 minutes of walking a day improves oxygen flow to the brain. Get sunlight – Morning light boosts serotonin and helps regulate your sleep-wake cycle. Try brain-boosting supplements: Omega-3s for anti-inflammatory support Magnesium for calm and clarity L-theanine and rhodiola for focus and resilience And Lion’s Mane mushroom—a favorite for memory and nerve growth And don’t underestimate meditation, cold exposure, or even a good laugh. These shift your nervous system and create space for clarity. Final Thoughts So to sum it up—brain fog isn’t “just in your head.” It’s your body’s way of waving a red flag. Whether it’s a lifestyle imbalance, inflammation, or hormonal shifts, your brain is asking for support. Start with the foundations—sleep, food, hydration, movement. Then, if you want to level up, explore peptides and supplements with a knowledgeable provider. Your brain wants to work for you. Sometimes it just needs a little help. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today, we’re focusing on an often-overlooked peptide called VIP, short for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. The name might sound technical, but this peptide plays some important roles in the body. It helps regulate inflammation, supports nerve function, improves blood flow by relaxing blood vessels, and may even have benefits for things like chronic pain, including back pain. Let’s get into it. What is VIP? We’ve talked about VIP before on a previous podcast, but it’s been awhile and I’d like to start with the basics as a refresher. VIP is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide that acts like a signaling molecule in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Think of it like a chemical messenger that can influence a lot of different body systems. VIP belongs to the glucagon/secretin peptide superfamily, and it’s found throughout the body, including your brain, intestines, lungs, and immune cells. Now, what does VIP actually do? Well it does quite a bit. VIP works by binding to specific receptors on cells—called VPAC1 and VPAC2—which trigger a chain reaction inside the body through something known as the cyclic AMP pathway. Once activated: It relaxes smooth muscles, which helps open up blood vessels (vasodilation) and airways (bronchodilation) It stimulates secretion of water and electrolytes in places like the gut and pancreas—so yes, it helps with digestion too It’s a major immune modulator, calming inflammation by regulating immune cell behavior Neuroprotective role, supporting the survival and adaptability of neurons VIP in Medicine – What’s the Buzz? VIP has been studied in a variety of conditions. Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s Neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Autoimmune diseases like osteoarthritis Respiratory conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or due to mold toxicity But today, we’re zooming in on something more tangible for a lot of people—back pain. VIP and Back Pain – What Do We Know? Let’s get into the science here. VIP has recently caught attention for its potential role in intervertebral disc degeneration, which is one of the top causes of chronic low back pain. A 2024 study found that VIP receptors were significantly reduced in degenerated human discs—which is kind of a red flag. When VIP was given to mice for four weeks, researchers saw slowed degeneration, better structural proteins like aggrecan, and overall healthier discs on imaging. Promising, right? But here’s the catch—this was a preclinical animal study. We still need human trials to confirm it works outside the lab. VIP and Joint Pain And when it comes to VIP and joint pain, there’s a bit more research on VIP and osteoarthritis, especially when the spine is involved. In OA models, VIP was shown to lower pro-inflammatory cytokines—those molecules that contribute to pain and make joints hurt. But here’s where it gets complicated: some studies report that VIP accumulation in joints might actually worsen pain. So... it’s a bit of a paradox. So what’s the takeaway? VIP can be helpful—but its role in pain management seems to depend on how much, where, and what kind of pain we’re talking about. VIP in Peptide Therapy – Real-World Use? In peptide clinics—especially those using integrative or regenerative medicine approaches—VIP is sometimes part of treatment protocols for nerve-related pain and inflammation. It’s often paired with other peptides like BPC-157 and TB-500. You can find some clinics that list VIP as a go-to for chronic pain, including back pain. But here’s the reality check, clinical data is limited, success is anecdotal, it’s pricey and results can vary from person to person. So while VIP might help reduce inflammation and slow tissue degeneration, it’s not a substitute for tried-and-true pain management peptides like BPC-157. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today we’re going to talk about how peptides might actually help heal your eyes. If that sounds wild, stick with me. There’s some amazing early research showing how specific peptides may help with things like macular degeneration, diabetic eye disease, corneal wounds, and even age-related vision loss. We’re going to break it all down in plain language, and I’ll also explain how each peptide might actually work inside the eye. Let’s jump in. AXT107 Let’s start with AXT107 — a peptide designed to help stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the back of the eye. These rogue vessels are a major problem in conditions like wet macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. AXT107 is an injection that’s given directly into the eye that targets VEGF and angiopoietin receptors, two major players in abnormal blood vessel growth. In animal studies, it not only stopped new vessels from forming, but also reversed existing damage. Bonus? It forms a little gel-like depot in the eye that slowly releases over time, so it may last longer than current injection-based treatments. BPC-157 If you’ve heard of peptides for gut repair or injury recovery, you’ve probably come across BPC-157. But it’s also being studied for the eye, especially for corneal healing. BPC-157 eye drops seem to speed up corneal epithelial repair — that’s the outer layer of your eye — while reducing inflammation. In rat studies, it helped close up corneal wounds faster, which means it might help with things like dry eye, abrasions, or even post-surgical healing. In fact, while most corneal abrasions fully heal within one to two weeks, BPC-157 can reduce the healing time by several days. Elamipretide (SS31) — The Mitochondria Booster This next peptide is especially intriguing — Elamipretide, also known as SS31. You might remember we’ve mentioned it before for its potential in age-related and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. But now, researchers are also exploring its role in slowing or even reversing age-related vision decline when given as an eye or subcutaneous injection. This peptide goes deep — literally — into the mitochondria of retinal cells, helping them work more efficiently. In aging mice, Elamipretide improved contrast sensitivity and even reversed some vision loss. So it’s not just slowing decline — it may actually restore function. P21 The next peptide is P21. P21 is a neurotrophic peptide, which means it helps keep nerve cells healthy. In the eye, that’s a huge deal for preserving vision. P21 protects photoreceptors and retinal pigment cells, while also calming inflammation when given as a subcutaneous injection. In aging rats with retinal damage, it helped reduce nerve cell death and slowed degeneration. Visoluten Now let’s talk about Visoluten, an oral peptide we’ve discussed before in a previous podcast. As a refresher, it’s important to remember that Visoluten is a bioregulatory peptide that helps support the health of the retina—the part of your eye that converts light into the images you see. It works by supporting the metabolic activity of eye tissues, helping maintain healthy vision and improving the eye’s ability to adapt to stress, aging, or challenging environmental conditions. Think of it like nutritional support for the eye — especially helpful for people dealing with screen fatigue, bright light exposure, or chronic eye stress. This peptide helps support the eye’s natural metabolic activity, which is key to keeping the retina functioning well and protecting it from things like oxidative stress and environmental wear and tear. Think of it as giving your eyes extra support to stay resilient, especially when they're under strain. Visoluten may also enhance blood flow to the eye, making sure the retina gets the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly. That’s especially important for people with conditions like age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy, where poor circulation and tissue damage are part of the problem. Retinalamin Another oral peptide, Retinalamin, is already being used in some clinical settings — especially in parts of Europe and Asia — for retinal diseases. It helps normalize vascular permeability in the retina and supports repair mechanisms. It’s shown benefits in people with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, sometimes even improving visual acuity when given intramuscularly or as an injection around the eye. PEDF-Derived Peptides Here’s where things start to feel futuristic — researchers have developed peptides derived from PEDF, or pigment epithelium-derived factor. PEDF is a natural protein found in the eye — especially in the retina. It plays a protective role by preventing damage to light-sensitive cells, reducing inflammation, and blocking abnormal blood vessel growth. PEDF is considered one of the most powerful natural antioxidants and anti-angiogenic (anti–blood vessel growth) factors in the eye. They help protect photoreceptors from stress and damage — without needing gene therapy or injections. These peptides are being turned into eye drops that may slow or stop diseases like retinitis pigmentosa (a group of inherited eye diseases that cause the gradual breakdown of the retina, leading to vision loss that often starts with night blindness and progresses to tunnel vision). They also help with AMD, or age-related macular degeneration (an eye condition that affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to blurred or lost central vision, especially in older adults. PHSRN & FGLM-Amide The next two peptides I want to talk about are PHSRN and FGLM-Amide. They are also being formulated as eye drops and are specifically focused on healing the cornea. They activate something called the fibronectin-integrin system, which basically helps the eye’s outer surface cells stick together and heal faster. Great for persistent epithelial defects or those stubborn wounds that don’t want to close. ALG-1001 (Luminate) Finally, there’s ALG-1001, also known as Luminate. A peptide that is administered directly into the eye. Luminate is a first-in-class peptide drug that targets integrin receptors in the retina—key players in abnormal blood vessel formation. Instead of targeting VEGF, like current treatments, Luminate blocks integrins upstream, preventing both the growth and leakage of harmful vessels — which can be helpful in AMD and diabetic eye disease. It also has a bonus effect: it helps gently separate the vitreous gel from the retina — a process called pharmacologic vitreolysis. This is especially helpful for people with vitreomacular traction (VMT), a condition where the gel pulls too hard on the retina, causing swelling or vision problems. In clinical studies, about 65% of patients had that pulling relieved after treatment — a result that normally requires surgery. What About Cosmetic Peptides for the Eye Area Just to clarify — eye creams with peptides like Matrixyl 3000, Copper Peptides, or Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 are designed to help with puffiness, dark circles, and fine lines — but they don’t affect the internal eye. They work by stimulating collagen in the skin around the eyes — and while great for cosmetic use, they won’t help with things like glaucoma or macular degeneration. *Some Words of Caution Most of the peptides we talked about today are still in preclinical or early clinical stages. That means they’re promising, but not FDA-approved just yet. So please — no DIY peptide eye drops or injections unless you're working directly with a qualified provider. And as always, if you're dealing with real eye problems, your first stop should be a board-certified ophthalmologist, not a Telegram group or a tweet thread. So there you have it — a quick tour through the exciting, ever-evolving world of peptide therapy for the eyes. From boosting mitochondria to healing corneal wounds, these tiny proteins might be shaping the future of vision care. If you found this episode helpful or interesting, go ahead and share it with someone who stares at screens all day — or your biohacker friend who’s already two steps ahead. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today we’re taking a closer look at SLU-PP-332, a compound that’s gaining attention for its potential role in performance support and metabolic health. If you're interested in burning fat more efficiently, supporting your mitochondria, or taking your workouts to the next level, stick around—this one’s for you. What Is SLU-PP-332? Let’s start with the basics. SLU-PP-332 is not a peptide—it’s a small molecule compound, meaning it’s made from chemical building blocks rather than amino acids like peptides are. However, it's often used alongside peptide therapies because it works through different pathways, making it a great add-on for boosting metabolism, energy, or fat loss. It was developed as a selective agonist for a group of receptors called ERRs, which stands for Estrogen-Related Receptors. But despite the name, these are not the same as classical estrogen receptors. That’s an important distinction—SLU-PP-332 does not interact with estrogen, nor does it influence estrogen levels in the body. Instead, it targets a subset of these receptors known as ERR alpha, beta and gamma. These are known as “orphan nuclear receptors,” meaning they don’t have natural ligands but still play an important role in regulating energy metabolism—especially in tissues rich in mitochondria like skeletal muscle, the heart, and brown fat. Fun fact: SLU-PP-332 actually works the strongest on the ERR-alpha receptor. Scientists use something called an EC₅₀ to figure out how powerful a compound is—that’s just a fancy way of measuring how much you need to get half of its maximum effect. For SLU-PP-332, the EC₅₀ is only 98 nanomolar, which means it takes a super small amount to get the job done. In other words, it’s really effective even at low doses. What Is an ERR Agonist and Why Does It Matter? So what happens when we activate these receptors? As an ERR agonist, SLU-PP-332 helps upregulate pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and thermogenesis—the body's natural process of producing heat and burning calories. Think of it as flipping a metabolic switch that enhances your ability to use fat as fuel, improves endurance, and supports overall mitochondrial health. In other words, SLU-PP-332 has the potential to help you burn more energy, especially during movement, while also improving your metabolic efficiency at rest. Essentially, SLU-PP-332 acts like a workout for your cells—boosting how much fuel your body burns and enhancing energy use, just like physical activity does. How It Feels and Who Might Use It Most people who use SLU-PP-332 describe it as a subtle but noticeable boost in clean energy. It’s not a stimulant like caffeine, but at higher doses, it can cause mild nervous system effects such as jitteriness or restlessness—similar to how you might feel after a strong cup of coffee. Because of this, the best approach is to start low and go slow. Most users begin with an oral dose of 50 to 100 micrograms per day to assess tolerance. Timing matters, too. It’s ideal to take SLU-PP-332 before a fasted cardio session—like a morning walk or workout—because your insulin levels are lower at that time, and that enhances the fat-burning effects. Some people prefer to split their dose, taking half in the morning and the other half in the early afternoon for sustained benefit. And it’s best to cycle it. Use it for two to three weeks, then take a one- to two-week break. This helps avoid receptor desensitization and keeps the compound working effectively over time. Synergy and Stacking Potential One of the exciting things about SLU-PP-332 is how well it stacks with other metabolic enhancers. For example, it may work synergistically with L-carnitine, berberine, and even GLP-1 receptor agonists to enhance fat oxidation and mitochondrial efficiency. That said, you’ll get the best results when using it alongside a whole-foods diet, resistance training, and consistent movement. This is not a quick fix or a substitute for healthy habits—but when added to a solid foundation, it can definitely elevate your performance and results. Safety Considerations and Who Should Avoid It Generally, SLU-PP-332 is well tolerated. However, it’s not suitable for everyone. If you have a history of heart conditions—such as a recent myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmias, or uncontrolled cardiovascular disease—it’s best to avoid this compound unless cleared by a healthcare provider. Some individuals may notice mild estrogen-like effects such as bloating or breast tenderness. This doesn’t mean it raises estrogen levels directly, but sensitive individuals may be more responsive to downstream effects of receptor activation. As with anything that boosts energy metabolism, overdoing it can lead to nervous system stimulation—again, similar to the effects of too much caffeine. So it’s important to monitor how you feel and adjust the dose accordingly. Big Picture Benefits To summarize, SLU-PP-332 offers a promising new way to: Support fat loss through enhanced mitochondrial activity and fat oxidation Improve endurance and athletic performance Boost energy and cognitive clarity through mitochondrial efficiency Potentially support individuals with mitochondrial disorders or metabolic sluggishness It’s not a miracle pill, but when used thoughtfully—especially in combination with regular exercise, good sleep, and proper nutrition—it has real potential to enhance how your body functions and performs. With that being said, keep in mind, SLU-PP-332 isn’t typically the first choice for someone who needs to lose 50 pounds or more because it’s not a direct appetite suppressant or a weight loss drug in the traditional sense. While it can enhance fat burning, energy metabolism, and endurance, its effects are more subtle and work best in people who are already active and following a structured diet and exercise routine. If you’re curious about adding this to your protocol, speak with a knowledgeable provider or peptide specialist to make sure it’s a good fit for your personal goals and health status. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today we’re going to talk about thymosin alpa 1, what it is, how it works, and why some doctors are using it to help those with Lyme disease What Is Thymosin Alpha 1? Let’s start with the basics. Now we’ve talked about thymosin alpha 1 before in the context of immune health, but as a quick refresher, Thymosin alpha 1, or Tα1, is a peptide — a small chain of amino acids — that occurs naturally in the body. It was first isolated from the thymus gland, which is an important immune organ responsible for developing and regulating T cells, especially during childhood. T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a central role in the immune system by identifying and destroying infected or abnormal cells and coordinating immune responses. Over time, our thymus shrinks and our immune response tends to slow down — which may partly explain why chronic infections or immune dysregulation become more common with age. Thymosin alpha 1 acts like an immune system coach — it doesn’t directly kill pathogens, but it enhances the immune system’s ability to detect and fight infections. In fact, it’s made a big impact around the world. Since its discovery in the 1970s, it’s been used in over 35 countries to help treat conditions like hepatitis B and C, certain cancers, and even sepsis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers explored its potential to calm immune overreactions and improve patient outcomes. It’s also popular in veterinary medicine for helping dogs with chronic infections. Plus, some doctors are now investigating its role in boosting vaccine effectiveness and supporting people with autoimmune diseases or age-related immune decline — making thymosin alpha 1 a real immune multitasker. Thymosin Alpha 1 and Lyme Disease So why are doctors using thymosin alpha 1 in Lyme disease? Well, for many people, Lyme can become a long, drawn-out illness. And while antibiotics are usually the first-line treatment, some patients don’t recover fully — instead, they develop lingering symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, or neurological issues. This condition is known as Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, or PTLDS — and we’ll dive deeper into that in just a minute. In Lyme patients, Thymosin alpha 1 is being used off-label to: Rebalance the immune system Enhance the activity of T cells and natural killer cells Calm overactive inflammation Reduce the intensity and frequency of flare-ups or immune crashes Doctors report that patients using thymosin alpha 1 often feel more resilient — with improved energy, mental clarity, and fewer immune complications — especially in cases involving co-infections like Babesia, Bartonella, or Epstein-Barr virus. What Is PTLDS? Now let’s dig into what happens after Lyme disease treatment for some patients. Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, or PTLDS, affects roughly 5 to 20 percent of people who have been treated for Lyme disease. Even after completing a full course of antibiotics, they continue to experience significant symptoms that can last for months — or even years. Some of the most common symptoms of PTLDS include: Chronic fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest Brain fog, poor memory, or difficulty concentrating (sometimes called 'Lyme brain') Joint and muscle pain Sleep disturbances Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations (peripheral neuropathy) Depression, anxiety, or mood swings Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells Dizziness or balance issues And often, fluctuating or cyclical symptoms — where you feel better for a while, then suddenly crash These symptoms can be disabling, and they’re often not reflected in standard lab tests, which can make patients feel dismissed or misdiagnosed. Why Does PTLDS Happen? Researchers are still working to understand why PTLDS happens, but here are some of the leading theories: Immune system dysregulation – The infection may trigger a chronic inflammatory state that lingers long after the bacteria are gone. Persistent infection – Some believe the bacteria can go into a low-metabolic or dormant state, evading antibiotics and reactivating later. Tissue damage – Nerve and joint tissues may have been injured and take a long time to heal. Autoimmune activation – The body may start attacking its own tissues after the infection — similar to what happens in rheumatic fever. Undiagnosed co-infections – Other pathogens like Bartonella or Babesia may still be active and complicate recovery. This is where thymosin alpha 1 may offer a new path — not as a cure, but as a modulator that can help restore immune balance and reduce inflammatory damage. Thymosin Alpha 1 Risk Factors and Who Should Avoid It Thymosin alpha 1 is generally considered safe and well tolerated, especially because it mimics a peptide your body already makes. But like all therapies, it’s not for everyone. Possible side effects include: Mild injection site reactions Fatigue, nausea, or headache (usually early in treatment) Not everyone is a good candidate for thymosin alpha 1, so it’s important to know who should be cautious. For starters, if you're pregnant or breastfeeding, it's best to avoid it—there just isn’t enough safety data available yet. People taking immunosuppressant medications, like those who’ve had organ transplants, should also steer clear because thymosin alpha 1 stimulates the immune system and could interfere with those drugs. And if you have an autoimmune condition, it’s a bit of a gray area. While some people tolerate it well with low, carefully monitored doses, others might experience a flare, so it’s definitely something to discuss with a knowledgeable healthcare provider. It’s best to always consult with a healthcare provider experienced in peptide therapies and Lyme disease before starting treatment. The Bottom Line So to sum it all up, thymosin alpha 1 is a promising immune-supporting peptide that's gaining attention in the world of chronic illness—especially for conditions like Lyme disease and PTLDS. It’s not a replacement for antibiotics and it doesn’t directly kill infections, but it may help bring balance to an immune system that's either overreacting or underperforming. It’s also being used to calm inflammation, support healing, and help people feel more resilient as they work through long-term symptoms. If you or a loved one are struggling with lingering symptoms from Lyme disease, chronic fatigue, or an immune system that just won’t seem to bounce back, you’re not alone. Talk to your family physician and ask if they can steer you toward a specialist familiar with peptide therapy and Lyme disease. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Until next time, be well, be patient, and as always, have a happy, healthy week.
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today we’re diving into a topic that’s been everywhere lately: GLP-1 medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide for weight loss. You may know them by names like Wegovy, Ozempic, Mounjaro, or Zepbound. I want to give you a clear, realistic picture of what to expect—because while the media loves to highlight the dramatic before-and-after photos, the real journey can be slower and more nuanced for some. So in this episode, we’re going to talk about the truth—what these medications can do, what they can’t, how long things really take, and what you need to know to set yourself up for success. Not hype, not magic promises—just real, honest insight to help you understand the process. Let’s get into it. How GLP-1 & GIP/GLP-1 Agonists Work So first things first—how do these meds work? Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Basically, they mimic natural hormones in your body that help regulate blood sugar, slow digestion, and—most importantly for weight loss—reduce appetite and improve satiety. That means you feel fuller faster and stay full longer. You're not obsessing over food like before. And that’s powerful. But—and this is a big one— these peptides don't magically erase years of weight gain overnight. What they do is help make weight loss easier by reducing hunger and supporting your metabolism—but they don't do all the work for you. It’s important to remember they're a powerful tool, not a replacement for your efforts. You're still in control of your choices, habits, and long-term success. Why We Titrate the Dose—and What "Therapeutic Dose" Means Now, let’s talk about dosing. When you start Wegovy, you don’t start at the highest dose. It’s gradually increased over several weeks to give your body time to adjust and to help reduce side effects like nausea or stomach upset. The usual schedule looks like this: You’ll start with 0.25 mg once a week for the first month. Then it increases every four weeks—0.5 mg, then 1 mg, then 1.7 mg. By week 17, most people reach the full dose of 2.4 mg once a week—that’s the dose shown in studies to lead to the most consistent weight loss, with many people losing around 15% of their total body weight over about a year. But here’s the thing—not everyone follows this path exactly, and that’s okay. Some people need to slow down or stay longer at a lower dose if they’re having side effects. Others may need to increase sooner if they’re not seeing appetite changes and are tolerating the medication well. And even though 2.4 mg is considered the “therapeutic dose,” not everyone needs to reach it. Some people feel great and lose weight at a lower dose—and if that’s you, that’s your sweet spot. The real goal is to find the lowest effective dose that controls your hunger, helps you lose weight at a steady pace, and keeps side effects to a minimum. This isn’t a one-size-fits-all journey, and pushing through side effects just to hit the max dose isn’t necessary—or safe. Your best dose is the one your body handles well and helps you make progress. *How Much Weight Can You Expect to Lose—and How Fast? Let’s take a look at the clinical studies. In large trials, people on semaglutide lost about 15% of their total body weight over 68 weeks. For tirzepatide, it was even higher—20% or more in some cases. But here’s the thing—those results happened over a year to a year and a half. Not 6 weeks. Not 3 months. It’s a marathon, not a sprint. Also, most of the weight loss doesn't happen during the titration phase. You may see some weight loss early on, especially if your appetite plummets. But the bulk of the weight loss happens once you reach and maintain your therapeutic dose. Why Everyone’s Journey Looks Different I can’t stress this enough—everybody’s journey is different. Some people feel zero hunger from their very first injection. Others don’t notice a big change until week 10 or 12. Some drop 10 pounds in the first month. Others lose two pounds and feel discouraged. All of those experiences are normal. Your age, hormones, medications, stress levels, sleep, and past diet history? They all play a role. And let’s be real—gaining 20, 50, or 100 pounds didn’t happen in a few weeks, right? It likely took months or even years of lifestyle habits, hormonal shifts, emotional eating, or underlying conditions. So we have to give ourselves that same grace and patience when we’re trying to take the weight off—even with medical support. Navigating Side Effects and Setbacks Let’s talk about the side effects. Nausea, constipation, acid reflux, bloating—yeah, these are pretty common as your body adjusts. And sometimes, those symptoms are your body’s way of saying: Hey, slow down. Pushing through intense side effects just to hit a higher dose isn’t the goal. In fact, it’s not safe. You want the lowest effective dose that keeps your appetite under control, the weight coming off gradually, and your side effects minimal or nonexistent. If you need to pause treatment to let your gut settle or even go back down a dose, that’s not failure. That’s smart, safe self-care. We’re in this for the long haul. Trial and Error with Food—and That’s OK One part of this journey that catches people off guard is how sensitive your stomach becomes—especially to certain foods or drinks. Greasy or fried foods, spicy meals, carbonated drinks, alcohol—these can all be triggers for nausea or even vomiting while you're on this medication. And it makes sense when you think about it: the medication slows down how quickly food and drink leave your stomach. So if you’re eating or drinking things that already tend to irritate the stomach lining, the effects can hit harder and last longer. Even if those foods didn’t bother you before starting treatment, they might now. It’s just one of those things your body has to adjust to, and it may take some trial and error to figure out what still works for you. What is Healthy, Sustainable Weight Loss? So what’s a healthy pace of weight loss? In general, 1 to 2 pounds per week is considered safe and sustainable. But on GLP-1s, that might vary. Some weeks you may lose 3 pounds. Some weeks, nothing. And guess what? That’s normal. You’re looking for overall downward trends, not perfection. The goal here is steady, sustainable fat loss—not dropping weight so quickly that you feel miserable, drained, or start losing muscle. Remember, we’re not chasing “skinny”—we’re aiming for strong, lean, energized, and healthy. And I know we’ve talked about this before, but it’s worth repeating: exercise is not optional when you’re on a GLP-1. It’s a must. When you lose weight, you lose both fat and muscle. If you’re not actively working to maintain or build muscle, you risk becoming weaker and slowing down your metabolism in the process. We want to keep the muscle you have—and ideally, build more—so your body stays strong and your results last. What Is a “Non-Responder”? Now let’s touch on something important: what if the medication doesn't seem to work? Let’s talk about what it means to be a “non-responder” on a GLP-1 medication like Wegovy or Zepbound. In clinical terms, a non-responder is someone who has been on their therapeutic dose for at least 3 months and has lost less than 5% of their total body weight—even though they’re taking the medication correctly and making lifestyle changes like adjusting their diet, increasing physical activity, and managing stress or sleep. Let’s break that down with an example: If someone weighs 200 pounds, 5% of their total body weight would be 10 pounds. So if they’ve been on their therapeutic dose for 12 weeks and have only lost, say, 4 or 5 pounds—despite doing everything right—they may be considered a non-responder. But as we mentioned before, everyone’s therapeutic dose may be different. The therapeutic dose isn’t just the maximum dose like 2.4 mg of semaglutide or 15 mg of tirzepatide. It’s the dose at which you personally begin to experience consistent appetite suppression, weight loss, and minimal side effects. For some people, that may happen at 1 mg of semaglutide. Others may not feel much of a difference until they reach the full 2.4 mg. Some may even respond better at 1.7 mg and not tolerate the higher dose at all. That’s why we titrate slowly, monitor your symptoms, and assess both how you feel and how your body is responding. So how do we know if you’ve reached your therapeutic dose? We look at things like: Has your appetite significantly decreased? Are you noticing earlier fullness or fewer cravings? Are you losing weight consistently over time Are side effects tolerable or nonexistent? If the answer is yes, you’re probably at your therapeutic dose. But if the answer is no—if your hunger hasn’t changed much, the scale hasn’t moved, and you’re not noticing any shift in your eating patterns after 3 months on a stable, higher dose—it might be time to re-evaluate. That could mean adjusting the dose, checking for other health issues that might be interfering (like thyroid problems or certain medications), or even considering a different treatment approach. *So what are my final thoughts? Your journey is unique. Not everyone responds the same way, and that’s okay. The key is finding what works for your body, not just what the label says. These medications can absolutely change lives. But they’re not magic. They work with your efforts—not instead of them. You’ll need to be patient, flexible, and kind to yourself along the way. You may need to tweak your dose, change your food choices, or give your body time to adjust. That’s part of the process. And remember—this isn’t just about weight loss. It’s about reclaiming your health, confidence, and en
Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Today, we’re taking a close look at 5-Amino-1MQ—a compound gaining attention for its potential to improve fat loss, metabolic health, and longevity. We’ll break down how it works, the science behind it, and what that could mean for your health. Let’s get started. So, What Is 5-Amino-1MQ? Now, just to clear something up—5-Amino-1MQ isn’t actually a peptide. A lot of people assume it is because it's often talked about alongside peptides like semaglutide or BPC-157, but it's actually a small molecule compound. Its full name is 5-Amino-1-methyl-quino-linium—yeah, a bit of a mouthful—and it's designed to block an enzyme called NNMT. By doing that, it helps keep more NAD⁺ available in your cells, which is a big deal for energy production and metabolic health. It was originally developed in the world of metabolic research. Scientists were exploring ways to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce fat accumulation—especially the dangerous kind, visceral fat. So, while it plays in the same space as peptides when it comes to benefits—like fat loss, energy, and longevity—it’s a totally different kind of compound. Think of it more like a targeted metabolic activator than a signaling peptide. Before we move on, I want to talk about visceral fat for a bit. Visceral fat is the fat that builds up deep inside your abdomen, around your internal organs like your liver, pancreas, and intestines. It’s different from the fat you can pinch under your skin—like on your belly or thighs. That’s called subcutaneous fat. Now, why is visceral fat a problem? Because it’s metabolically active, which means it doesn’t just sit there—it releases hormones and inflammatory chemicals that can mess with your body’s systems. High levels of visceral fat are linked to things like insulin resistance, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and a greater risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and even certain cancers. So even if someone looks slim on the outside, having too much visceral fat on the inside can still be dangerous for their health. *What Is NNMT and Why Do We Want to Block It? Let’s Talk About The Science. NNMT stands for nicotinamide N-methyltransferase. This enzyme tends to be more active in people who are overweight or have metabolic issues. When that happens, it uses up a lot of something called NAD⁺—a compound your cells need to create energy, especially in the mitochondria, which are like the power plants of your cells. So when NNMT levels go up, here’s what tends to happen: You end up with less NAD⁺, your metabolism slows down, your body stores more fat, and your cells just don’t have the same energy or resilience. That’s where 5-Amino-1MQ comes in. It blocks NNMT, helping your cells hold onto more NAD⁺—and that changes everything. The Metabolic Benefits of Blocking NNMT *So what happens when you increase NAD⁺ inside your cells? Well, in studies—especially in animal models—5-Amino-1MQ led to: Fat breakdown and reduced fat accumulation Improved insulin sensitivity A 30% drop in cholesterol levels And get this—mice lost 5% of their body weight in just 11 days, without changes to diet or exercise. And here’s the kicker—no signs of toxicity or behavioral changes. No weird side effects. Just better metabolic function. Muscle Preservation & Longevity Pathways *One of the most promising things about 5-Amino-1MQ goes beyond fat loss—it’s what it could mean for preserving muscle. Blocking NNMT might actually help you keep your muscle while you’re losing fat. That’s a big deal—especially if you’ve ever tried to drop weight and felt like you were losing strength along with it. This is important because most weight loss methods cause you to lose both fat and muscle, which can slow your metabolism and reduce strength. Preserving muscle while burning fat helps you maintain energy, performance, and long-term metabolic health. There’s also some solid evidence it can boost muscle performance and endurance, which tracks when you think about how it raises NAD⁺. And because NAD⁺ is involved in things like cell repair, mitochondrial function, and longevity pathways like sirtuin activation, you’re not just burning fat—you’re potentially supporting healthy aging and helping your body work more efficiently overall. Oral vs Injectable 5-Amino-1MQ: What’s the Difference? People often ask me, “Should I take 5-Amino-1MQ as a pill or go with injections?” Here’s the deal, the injectable version gets into your system faster and starts working a bit quicker. On the other hand, the oral version takes a little longer to kick in, but it’s way more convenient—just take a capsule and you’re good. No needles, no fuss. And honestly? Most people say they feel the same benefits either way—whether it’s fat loss, energy, or mood. So unless you’re looking for super fast absorption, oral works great for most people. Wrapping It Up: Why This Matters To recap—5-Amino-1MQ helps: Boost NAD⁺ levels Shrink visceral fat tissue Improve insulin sensitivity and cholesterol Preserve muscle mass during weight loss Enhance endurance Activate longevity pathways And it does it by blocking an enzyme that works against you—NNMT. This isn’t magic—it’s smart metabolic science. And it might just be the edge you need if you’re hitting a plateau or looking to optimize how your body performs, heals, and ages. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Have a happy, healthy week!
Welcome to The Peptide Podcast. Today we’re going to talk about something that almost everyone on a GLP-1 journey hits eventually, the weight loss plateau. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. It starts like this: you begin a GLP-1 like semaglutide or tirzepatide, and for the first few weeks or months, the weight seems to fall off. You’re eating less, not obsessing over food, and for the first time in a long time, it feels… easy. Then one day, the scale just stops moving. You’re not doing anything different. You’re still taking the meds. Still trying to eat well. Maybe you’re walking more or lifting weights. But suddenly, nothing’s happening—and the frustration kicks in. Sound familiar? Let’s talk about what’s really going on. 1. What Causes the Plateau? First of all, if you’re in this place right now: you didn’t mess up. GLP-1s are incredibly effective at reducing appetite and creating an initial calorie deficit, which is why people lose weight so quickly in the beginning. But your body isn’t just going to let that continue unchecked. It adapts. This is called adaptive thermogenesis—a fancy way of saying your body becomes more efficient. You start burning fewer calories at rest than you did before. Your resting metabolic rate actually drops beyond what you'd expect just from losing weight alone. It’s a survival mechanism. So what worked at the beginning—eating less and moving a bit more—might no longer be enough to keep the scale moving. This is totally normal. 2. Metabolism & Muscle: Why Strength Training Matters Now More Than Ever So now that we know why the plateau happens, let’s talk about things we can do to help us get over it. Something that often gets overlooked but is absolutely critical—especially if you’re on a GLP-1 or in any kind of calorie deficit. Resistance training is not optional. It’s non-negotiable. Here’s why. When you’re losing weight—whether it’s from a medication like semaglutide or just eating in a calorie deficit—your body isn’t just pulling energy from fat. If you’re not careful, it’s also going to break down lean muscle tissue. And the more muscle you lose, the slower your metabolism gets. Why? Because muscle is metabolically active tissue. It burns calories even when you’re doing absolutely nothing. So if you’re not actively sending a signal to your body to keep that muscle, it’ll start to let it go. That’s where resistance training comes in. When you lift weights or do bodyweight exercises—think squats, push-ups, resistance bands, even heavy housework—you’re telling your body: “Hey, I need this muscle. Don’t burn it for fuel.” This is especially important for those on GLP-1s because these meds reduce appetite so significantly that you might not be eating enough protein—or enough calories in general—to maintain muscle without that extra stimulus. So if you’ve hit a plateau or want to prevent one, ask yourself: Am I strength training at least two to three times a week? Am I prioritizing movements that challenge large muscle groups—like legs, glutes, chest, and back? Am I fueling my workouts with enough protein? And let me be really clear, you don’t have to become a gym rat. You don’t have to lift crazy heavy weights. But you do have to move your muscles in a meaningful, consistent way. Protecting your lean mass is one of the best ways to keep your metabolism humming—not just during your weight loss journey, but after it too. Because this isn’t about just losing weight—it’s about building a strong, metabolically healthy body that can maintain that weight loss for life. 3. Mindset Check: The Plateau Is Not a Failure Now, let’s get into the mental side of this journey—because it’s just as important as nutrition, movement, and medication. One of the biggest challenges people face—especially when progress slows—is the mental roller coaster that comes with watching the scale. And I’ll be honest: weighing yourself every single day is not ideal. Here’s why. Your body weight naturally fluctuates. Daily. And those fluctuations have nothing to do with your actual fat loss or long-term progress. Instead, the number on the scale is influenced by things like: Hydration status – If you’re slightly dehydrated, the scale may dip. But if you drank a ton of water the day before or had more salty food, it may go up due to water retention. Glycogen stores – When you eat carbs, your body stores them in your muscles and liver as glycogen, and for every gram of glycogen, your body stores about 3–4 grams of water. So a pasta dinner or even a healthy grain bowl can cause a temporary increase on the scale. Digestive contents – Let’s be real: if you haven’t had a bowel movement (constipation) or just ate a bigger meal, the scale might reflect that. Doesn’t mean you gained fat. Inflammation or illness – If you’re recovering from an illness, injury, or even a hard workout, your body retains extra water as part of the healing process. Again—temporary. But here’s what happens when we don’t understand this, we step on the scale, see a higher number, and panic. We question everything—“Am I doing something wrong? Is the medication not working? Should I eat less?” And that mindset spiral can lead to unnecessary stress, restriction, or even giving up. So what should you do instead? Focus on trends over time, not daily weigh-ins. Weigh yourself once a week at most, ideally at the same time of day, under the same conditions (like first thing in the morning before food or water). Or better yet—track non-scale victories: clothes fitting better, improved energy, reduced cravings, less inflammation, better digestion, even clearer skin. These are all signs your body is healing and progressing. Remember, your worth is not defined by a number, and fat loss is not always linear. There are ups, downs, pauses, and breakthroughs—and all of them are part of the process. 4. Habits: Recheck Your Routine Now, here’s where we get really honest. Because as the months go by, it’s normal for habits to loosen up. Maybe you’re not tracking portions quite as closely. Maybe your steps have dropped. Maybe “just a bite” here and there has crept in more often than you realize. This doesn’t make you bad or lazy—it makes you human. But if progress has stalled, it’s worth revisiting the basics: Are you eating mostly whole, minimally processed foods? Are you staying hydrated and watching added sugars? Are you eating out frequently without paying attention to portions? Are you still moving your body every day? Small shifts can make a big difference. 5. Food Noise: Why It's Sneaking Back One of the most exciting things about GLP-1s is how much they reduce food noise—that constant mental chatter about snacks, cravings, and what’s in the fridge. But for many people, that quiet doesn’t last forever. Over time, especially as your body adapts to the medication or your dose levels off, food noise can return. You might find yourself thinking about food more often or wanting things you weren’t craving before. This doesn’t mean the med has stopped working. It means your biology is adjusting. What helps: Keeping meals protein-forward and fiber-rich Eating at regular times to avoid dips in energy or blood sugar Identifying emotional vs. physical hunger Managing stress and sleep, which both drive cravings This is the time to build real strategies—so you’re not relying on the med alone. 6. Emotional Eating This brings me to my next point. Let’s talk about something that often flies under the radar but can make a huge difference in your weight loss journey—emotional eating. This is when feelings like stress, boredom, anxiety, or sadness trigger you to eat, even if you’re not physically hungry. It’s totally normal, and many people experience this at some point. Now, GLP-1 medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide do a great job at reducing physical hunger by influencing hormones that control appetite. But they don’t always fully address the emotional side of eating. So, even if your stomach feels satisfied, those emotional triggers can still push you toward cravings or eating for comfort. Recognizing emotional eating is the first step. Try to notice when you’re eating because of feelings rather than hunger. Strategies like mindful eating, journaling your emotions, or finding alternative outlets—like walking, meditation, or chatting with a friend—can really help. If emotional eating is a big hurdle, working with a therapist or counselor who specializes in behavioral health can provide tools to manage those feelings without turning to food. Remember, managing emotional eating alongside your GLP-1 treatment can make a huge difference in overcoming plateaus and reaching your goals more sustainably. 7. Set Realistic Expectations: Fat Loss Isn’t Linear Lastly, I want to talk about setting realistic expectations. I can’t stress the following enough. You are not supposed to lose weight every single week forever. Your body needs breaks. Your metabolism needs to reset. And your mind needs time to adapt to this new version of you. Think of your fat loss journey like a staircase—not a slide. There are flat spots before the next drop. And guess what? Some of the most important changes—like maintaining your weight, building strength, or stabilizing your habits—happen during those flat spots. You don’t need to push harder or go more extreme. You just need to keep showing up consistently. My Final Thoughts: Trust the Process The bottom line is trust the process. If you’re on a GLP-1 and the scale has stalled, take a deep breath. This is a normal part of the process. It’s not the end—it’s just a signal to pivot and refocus. We want to build muscle. Prioritize protein. Revisit your habits. Stay active. And most importan
In today’s episode we’ll talk about L-Carnitine. What is L-carnitine, what does it do, and why are more people choosing to inject it instead of taking it as a pill? Let’s break it down. L-carnitine is a compound made from the amino acids lysine and methionine, and its main job is helping your body turn fat into energy by shuttling fatty acids into your cells’ mitochondria. While we naturally make some and get more from foods like red meat and dairy, certain people — like athletes, older adults, or those with metabolic issues — may not make or absorb enough. That’s where supplementation, especially the injectable form, comes in. Why inject L-carnitine instead of taking it by mouth? This is a question I get all the time. Yes, you can take L-carnitine as a pill or powder. But here’s the catch: when you take it orally, your body only absorbs about 15 to 20% of it. That means you'd need to take a whopping 4 to 5 grams daily just to get a therapeutic dose — and that often comes with unpleasant side effects, like bloating, diarrhea, and even that infamous fishy body odor, thanks to a byproduct called trimethylamine. Injectable L-carnitine skips all that. It’s way more bioavailable — so you actually absorb and use what you inject. It’s faster-acting, especially when you give it intramuscularly. And it’s also easier on the gut, since it bypasses digestion and liver metabolism. With the injectable form, you get more targeted results, which is great for things like fat loss, athletic performance, or metabolic health. What are the potential benefits of L-carnitine? Let’s talk about what L-carnitine actually does in your body—because honestly, it’s pretty impressive. First off, it helps you burn fat more efficiently by moving fatty acids into your cells’ mitochondria to be used for energy. It can also boost endurance by delaying fatigue, and it supports faster recovery by reducing soreness and muscle damage after tough workouts. On top of that, it improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to your muscles, which can lead to better pumps and overall performance. It even helps keep fat from building up in organs like your liver and heart, which is great for metabolic health. L-carnitine also plays a role in boosting metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity, especially for those with blood sugar issues. Some studies suggest it can support mental focus and even help with heart function in people with heart conditions. Not bad for a single supplement, right? What about dosing? Injectable L-carnitine doses usually fall between 200 to 1,000 mg per day, though some people aiming for fat loss or performance might go as high as 2,000 mg. Most people split the dose to make injections more comfortable and keep levels steady—like 500 mg in each shoulder, or half in the morning and half before a workout. Timing really does matter, too. It tends to work best first thing in the morning when your body’s ready to burn fat, or about 30 to 60 minutes before training when you need a boost in energy and fat oxidation. Just avoid taking it too late, since it can be pretty stimulating and might mess with your sleep. What are the potential side effects of L-carnitine? Overall, injectable L-carnitine is pretty well tolerated, but like anything, it’s not completely free of side effects. Some people might notice redness or soreness at the injection site, especially if their technique isn’t spot-on. Mild nausea or headaches can pop up too, but they’re usually short-lived and related to the dose. That fishy body odor we talked about earlier? It’s less common with injections than with pills, but it can still happen if your body has trouble breaking down carnitine. Taking it too late in the day might lead to insomnia since it ramps up your energy, and some folks notice an increased appetite—probably because their metabolism is kicking into high gear. And if you’re not staying hydrated or your electrolytes are off, you might get muscle cramps. Who shouldn’t take L-carnitine? L-carnitine can be super helpful for energy and fat metabolism, but it’s not right for everyone. If you have low thyroid function, it might actually make your symptoms worse because it can interfere with how your body uses thyroid hormones. People with a history of seizures should also be cautious, since L-carnitine may increase seizure risk. And while it has some benefits for heart health, there’s some debate about whether it could raise certain byproducts like TMAO that might increase heart disease risk—especially in people who already have heart issues. It can also interact with medications like warfarin, so if you're on a blood thinner, definitely check with your provider. Also, anyone with kidney or liver problems should use it carefully, too, since those organs help process and eliminate it. Oh, and if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or prone to insomnia, it’s best to hold off or talk with your doctor first. Bottom line: L-carnitine can do a lot of good, but it’s always smart to make sure it’s the right fit for your body. That said, it’s not for everyone. Dosing, timing, and safety all matter — so always work with a knowledgeable provider. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Have a happy, healthy week!
Today we’re diving into Pinealon, a bioregulatory peptide with promising effects on brain health, cognition, and aging. We’ll cover what it is, how it works, its benefits, origins, potential side effects, and how to stack it with other peptides like Epitalon. What Are Bioregulator Peptides? Let’s start with the basics. Bioregulator peptides are short chains of amino acids — usually just 2 to 4 — that act as gene switches. Think of them as precision tools your body uses to fine-tune organ and tissue function at the cellular level. These peptides were originally discovered by Russian researchers in the 1970s and 80s as part of their military and space medicine programs. The goal? To help soldiers and cosmonauts stay biologically resilient in extreme conditions. What is Pinealon? Pinealon is a tripeptide made of three amino acids — L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, and L-arginine — and is a synthetic analog of peptides from the pineal gland, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. Research suggests it may help regulate gene expression in neurons and protect the brain from oxidative stress, a major factor in aging and neurodegeneration. How Does Pinealon Work? So, how does Pinealon actually work? Pinealon appears to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with the central nervous system, where it may influence gene expression, support neuronal metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and promote cellular repair — key functions for protecting the aging brain. Potential Benefits of Pinealon So what can Pinealon do for you? Improves cognitive function and mental clarity Helps regulate sleep patterns Reduces oxidative stress in brain cells Supports a calm and balanced nervous system May slow age-related brain degeneration Enhances focus and potentially mood regulation Most of the research has been done in animal models and older humans, but the results so far are promising. Where Are The Potential Side Effects of Pinealon? Now that we’ve covered what Pinealon is and its potential benefits, let’s talk safety. While studies so far show a strong safety profile with minimal side effects at low doses, research is still limited outside of Russia and Eastern Europe. So, if you're considering it, medical guidance is strongly recommended and use only trusted vendors or clinicians when sourcing Pinealon. Potential side effects, while rare, might include: Mild headache Temporary fatigue Sleep disturbances (especially if dosed at the wrong time) This brings me to my next point. When it comes to actually getting your hands on Pinealon, it’s a bit of a challenge. It is available in oral capsule form, but those are pretty hard to find, and there’s not a lot of transparency around who’s making them or how well they’re absorbed. There are also a few online peptide sources that offer Pinealon as an injectable, but again, sourcing is tricky. I’ve personally yet to find a verified, reputable supplier that I’d feel 100% confident recommending. Until there's better regulation or more mainstream availability, it's one of those compounds where you really need to proceed with caution. Peptide Stacks Okay, so we’ve explored what Pinealon does on its own — but what about combining it with other peptides? This is where things get interesting. Peptide stacking is becoming more popular, especially for those looking to optimize cognitive function, longevity, or recovery. So let’s talk about how Pinealon might work in synergy with other peptides. One of the most common stacks involves combining Pinealon with another well-known peptide: Epitalon. Epitalon is also derived from the pineal gland and is known for its anti-aging effects. It helps regulate melatonin secretion, lengthens telomeres, and boosts antioxidant defenses. Together, Pinealon and Epitalon form a neuroendocrine-immune stack that may: Enhance longevity Sharpen cognition Normalize sleep Support mood and stress resilience Other possible stacks: Pinealon + Cerebrolysin – for neuroregeneration Pinealon + Semax – for focus and anxiety Pinealon + Thymalin – for immune and systemic anti-aging The most common Pinealon dosing protocol involves injecting 2mg per day for 10 days, followed by a rest period. This cycle can be repeated 2 to 3 times per year, which means you’re using Pinealon for a total of about 30 days annually. But keep in mind that there’s no universally accepted dosage protocol for Pinealon. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Have a happy, healthy week!
Today we’re diving into how to source peptides safely. We’ll talk about why where you live matters, how to find a reputable provider, and the red flags to watch out for. So if you’ve been curious about peptides but unsure where to start, this podcast is for you. Why Peptides? And Why You Need to Be Cautious So first, what are peptides? In short, they're short chains of amino acids—basically, the building blocks of proteins—that signal your body to perform specific actions. Some stimulate growth hormone, others help with weight loss, repair tissue, or improve cognition. Sounds amazing, right? And they can be. But, only when used safely and under the guidance of a qualified provider. Peptides aren’t regulated the way pharmaceuticals are, so it’s incredibly easy to run into unlicensed sources, impure peptides, or outright scams. Why Where You Live Matters Let’s talk geography for a minute. Depending on where you live—whether that’s in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, or Europe and other parts of the world—the legal status and availability of peptides vary widely. In the U.S., many peptides are still considered “research chemicals,” meaning they can be sold online but not legally for human use unless prescribed by a licensed provider working with a compounding pharmacy regulated by the FDA. In Canada, peptides are more restricted, and access may require going through clinical trials or specific wellness clinics. Interestingly, in parts of Europe, peptides like BPC-157 have been in clinical use since the 1990s, as it was originally developed and researched in Croatia. So what’s the takeaway? The laws in your region affect what’s legal, what’s safe, and what kind of provider you should be working with. That’s why it’s important to find someone who not only understands peptide therapy but also works within your country’s regulatory framework. How to Find a Reputable Peptide Therapy Provider So now you're wondering: Okay, then who DO I trust? Great question. Let’s go over some things you should look for when wanting to start a particular peptide therapy. Credentials Your provider should be a licensed clinician—an MD, DO, PharmD, PA, or NP—with specific training in peptide therapy, functional, or regenerative medicine. Bonus points if they’re certified by organizations like SSRP (Seeds Scientific Research & Performance), the A4M (American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine), or IFM (Institute for Functional Medicine). Provider Works with Licensed Compounding Pharmacies or Peptide Manufacturers Avoid providers who suggest buying your peptides online or mixing them at home. Thorough Evaluation Process Prior to Treatment The first and most critical step in a full medical workup is gathering a comprehensive medical history. This includes a detailed review of your personal health background—such as any chronic conditions, previous illnesses, surgeries, or hospitalizations—as well as your current medications and supplements. Your provider will also explore your family medical history to identify any contraindications to peptide therapy. Laboratory testing may be obtained if clinically indicated depending on the particular peptide therapy and based on your symptoms, medical history, and treatment goals. Another key component of a full medical workup is the functional assessment, which goes beyond lab numbers to evaluate how your body is actually performing day to day. This includes an in-depth discussion of your sleep quality, energy levels, cognitive function, mood, libido, and overall sense of well-being. Your provider may also ask about your ability to recover from exercise, your stress resilience, and whether you're experiencing symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, or low motivation. For those seeking peptide therapy for performance or longevity, this assessment helps establish baseline functioning and goals, so treatment can be tailored not just to correct deficiencies, but to optimize quality of life and daily performance. Follow-up Care and Dosing Guidance Peptides aren’t one-size-fits-all. You need personalized dosing, cycle recommendations, peptide stacking, and monitoring. If you’re not getting that, you’re not being cared for safely. Red Flags “For research only” Let’s get real and talk about some red flags you may come across when doing your research. The internet is full of what I like to call “peptide pirates.” These are websites that sell cheap peptides labeled “for research only.” They might even look legit, but here’s the thing, there’s no regulation, no guarantee of purity or potency, and no support during your peptide therapy journey. Low cost and hidden fees Keep in mind that peptides are often expensive due to several factors. They require complex, specialized manufacturing processes, which include synthesis and purification to ensure quality and purity. Additionally, high-quality peptides are typically produced in small batches by licensed compounding pharmacies or peptide manufacturers, which increases costs. The research and development and regulatory compliance required to ensure their safety and efficacy also contribute to the higher price point. If the prices from online peptide providers/clinics seem unusually low or too good to be true, there's a high likelihood that the products are either compromised, unregulated, or not what they claim to be. And while we’re on the topic of cost, I shouldn’t forget to mention hidden fees. You know, the sneaky little charges that pop up after you’ve been lured in by the words “free consultation.” When you book that initial appointment thinking, “Okay, great. I’ll get expert advice, ask a few questions, and figure out if peptide therapy is right for me.” But then what happens? What if you’ve got more questions after the appointment—maybe you’re dealing with side effects, started a new medication and want to be sure there aren’t any interactions, or your symptoms have shifted and you’re thinking about adjusting your dosage. And just like that, your “free” consultation suddenly comes with a consult price tag. I’ve personally seen clinics charge $50 just to email a follow-up question or do a “dosage review”. And don’t get me started on the “lab interpretation fees.” You either pay for your bloodwork or labs are included, but then they charge you again just to tell you what your results mean. Cold-chain And lastly, let’s not forget that peptides are delicate compounds that require specific storage conditions. Certain peptide providers may not store or ship peptides correctly, affecting their potency and stability. As a general rule, for long-term storage, peptides should be kept frozen in their lyophilized (powder) form to preserve stability. Once reconstituted, most peptides should be stored in the refrigerator and used within the recommended timeframe, typically 2–8 weeks depending on the peptide and diluents used. It’s important to avoid repeatedly freezing and thawing, as this can degrade the peptide structure and reduce its effectiveness. Recap Do your homework. Research providers in your area. Look for peptide clinics or functional or integrative clinics with peptide experience. Ask smart questions. Where do they source peptides? Are the peptides made in a cGMP, FDA-registered facility? What’s their follow-up protocol? How do they store and ship their peptides? Trust your gut—and the science. If something feels off, it probably is. Safe peptide therapy is always grounded in evidence and ethical practice. Your health isn’t something to gamble with. Peptides can be powerful tools—but only from a trusted source and with guidance. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. Have a happy, healthy week!
Today we’re tackling one of the biggest myths in modern nutrition: the idea that we need to restrict our daily sodium intake. For years, we’ve been led to believe that salt is the bad guy—linked to high blood pressure, heart disease, and a shorter lifespan. But that’s just not the case. Today, we’re diving into why salt isn’t the villain it’s made out to be—in fact, it’s essential, especially if you follow a low-carb, ketogenic, or Paleo diet, or if you’re using popular GLP-1 medications like semaglutide. We’ll also spotlight a product that’s getting it right: LMNT, an electrolyte drink mix that skips the sugar and delivers the salt your body actually needs. Stick around—this episode might just change how you think about hydration for good. The Salt Myth Let’s start with where the myth came from. Americans average around 3,400 mg (3.4 grams) of sodium a day, but the FDA is doubling down, pushing us to cut back to under 2,300 mg (2.4 grams). It’s the same old anti-salt message—but is less really always better? They claim this will save hundreds of thousands of lives by reducing heart disease risk. Sounds noble—until you actually look at the data. Turns out, their case is built on: Cherry-picked epidemiology Exaggerated assumptions And some serious logical leaps Let’s start with one of the largest global studies we have: The Intersalt Study, which looked at over 10,000 people across 48 populations. This study showed that there is no correlation between salt intake and blood pressure. In fact, the population with the highest salt intake had lower average blood pressure than the population with the least. Or take the Framingham Offspring Study, which found that people consuming under 2.5 grams of sodium per day actually had higher blood pressure than those consuming more. Still not convinced? A systematic review of the 2020 Cochrane Collaboration found that sodium restriction had virtually no meaningful impact on blood pressure in healthy people—and more consistent negative side effects than benefits. And here’s the kicker: when the FDA says cutting sodium could save “500,000 lives,” that estimate is based not on sodium studies, but on data from hypertension drug trials. They essentially said: “Hey, these blood pressure meds work. So sodium restriction must work too.” That’s not science. Now, does salt affect everyone the same? Of course not. People with chronic kidney disease or extreme hypertension might benefit from some restriction. But for the average person eating real food, staying active, or following a low-carb or GLP-1-supported lifestyle, salt is not the issue. You know what is? Sugar. A whole other podcast discussion we can have at a later date. *Salt and Heart Health If low-sodium diets were actually good for your heart, we’d expect to see that show up clearly in the research, right? But... we don’t. There was a major study published in JAMA back in 2011. Researchers looked at nearly 29,000 people with high risk for heart disease and tracked how much sodium they were consuming. And get this—the lowest risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular death wasn’t in the low-sodium group. It was in the moderate sodium group—those eating between 4 to 6 grams per day. People eating less than that? They actually had a 19% higher risk of dying from cardiovascular causes. And that’s not a fluke. A 2018 review—also in JAMA—found little to no solid evidence that cutting salt intake improves heart failure outcomes either. I also want to touch on blood pressure and salt. When you don’t get enough sodium, your body freaks out a bit. It ramps up hormones like aldosterone and renin to hold onto what little salt you have—but those same hormones also raise your blood pressure. Wild, right? Cutting salt can actually backfire for some people. And furthermore — your bones act as a backup sodium reservoir. So when you're running low, your body pulls sodium from your bones, along with calcium and magnesium, which over time can negatively affect bone health. Then come the symptoms: low energy, headaches, cramps, fatigue, even insomnia. If you're eating clean but feel like garbage, chances are you're not getting enough salt. Now to be clear, I’m not saying go eat or drink an unlimited amount of salt. Too much sodium isn’t great either. But for most people—especially if you’re active or following a low-carb or ketogenic lifestyle—the sweet spot is usually somewhere around 4 to 6 grams per day. That’s just the baseline for feeling and functioning well. *The Real Connection Between Salt and Hydration Let’s talk about hydration. It’s not just about water. You’ve probably heard that you need eight glasses of water a day—but here’s the thing: that’s way too generic. Everyone’s needs are different depending on your body weight, activity level, and environment. A much better starting point would be to try drinking about half your body weight in ounces of water per day—so if you weigh 160 pounds, shoot for around 80 ounces. And if you’re working out, sweating a lot, or living in a hot climate, you’ll need even more to stay properly hydrated. Also what most people miss is that without enough sodium, your body can’t retain that water effectively. Ever felt more dehydrated after chugging a bunch of water? That’s what happens when you flush out electrolytes—especially sodium—without replenishing them. Sodium helps regulate: Fluid balance Muscle contractions Nerve function Blood volume and pressure If you're sweating, fasting, or simply cutting carbs, you're losing more salt than you think. And your body doesn’t store sodium—so it needs to be replenished daily. Why Low-Carb and GLP-1 Users Need More Sodium If you’re on a low-carb, Paleo, or keto diet, or using medications like semaglutide for weight loss, the bottom line is you need more sodium. When you reduce your carb intake, your insulin levels drop—and that’s great for fat loss. But lower insulin also signals your kidneys to excrete more sodium. That’s why people transitioning to low-carb often feel fatigued, get muscle cramps, or experience the dreaded “keto flu.” It’s not carb withdrawal—it’s sodium depletion. And with GLP-1 medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide, there’s an added twist: appetite drops dramatically, which means many people aren’t eating enough food to maintain electrolyte balance. Less food, fewer nutrients—including salt. If you’re using these tools and feeling dizzy, nauseous, or weak, you may not be getting enough sodium. LMNT Now let’s talk solutions. One of the products that’s completely flipped the hydration conversation is LMNT—that’s L-M-N-T. It’s an electrolyte drink mix developed by health experts and athletes who realized that most so-called hydration drinks were full of sugar and low on actual electrolytes. Each LMNT packet contains: 1000 mg of sodium 200 mg of potassium 60 mg of magnesium Potassium teams up with sodium to keep your cells working properly—it helps your nerves fire and your muscles move. Magnesium’s like a multitasker for your body: it helps you make energy, repair DNA, build muscle, and even get better sleep. How Much Salt Do You Actually Need? So, how much sodium is right for you? It varies, but here’s a basic framework: The average low-carb or active adult likely needs 4,000–6,000 mg per day. If you’re sweating a lot or fasting, that number can go even higher. And if you’re on GLP-1 meds, make sure you’re intentionally adding electrolytes to your day. Lastly, let’s talk about something you’ll see in a lot of hydration powders and supplements—like Liquid I.V.—and that’s vitamin B12. Sounds good, right? But here’s the thing: the form they use is usually something called cyanocobalamin. Now, yeah, it’s technically B12, but it’s not the best kind. It’s synthetic, your body actually has to convert it into usable forms—like methylcobalamin—and not everyone does that well, especially if you’ve got liver issues or certain genetic mutations (e.g., MTHFR mutation). Also, Liquid I.V. contains around 536–584 mg of sodium per serving, depending on the flavor, which is about half the amount of sodium found in LMNT. While it still supports hydration, LMNT’s higher sodium content is better suited for those needing more electrolytes, like on low-carb diets or during intense physical activity. So the next time someone tells you to “watch your salt,” consider asking: Why? If you’re eating a whole-food diet, staying active, or managing your weight with GLP-1 meds, salt may be the very thing you're missing. Hydration isn’t just about water—it’s about electrolyte balance. And when you get it right, your energy, cognition, and performance all go up. Thank you for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you enjoyed the show and want to support what we do, head over to our Partners Page. You'll find some amazing brands we trust—and by checking them out, you're helping us keep the podcast going. If you found this helpful, don’t forget to rate and share it with a friend who’s still drinking plain water and wondering why they don’t feel 100%. You can check out LMNT products by clicking the link in the show notes. Have a happy, healthy week!
So, you've heard the rumors—“GLP-1s destroy your muscle!” But… is that actually true? Think again. Today, we’re setting the record straight. If you're serious about real, healthy weight loss—and actually keeping your strength for the long haul—this episode is a must. We’re diving into a long-overdue conversation about GLP-1 medications, metabolism, body composition, and what’s really happening to your muscle mass on these meds. Because weight loss isn’t just about the scale—it’s about how you lose it. Let’s get into it. Quick Basics — What Are GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Medications? Let’s start at ground zero. GLP-1 medications — like semaglutide (Wegovy and Ozempic) — are game-changers for weight loss and diabetes. They work by mimicking gut hormones that regulate appetite, blood sugar, and insulin release. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) slows down how fast your stomach empties, helps your body respond better to insulin, and most importantly — makes you feel fuller, longer. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), also hits GIP receptors — that’s glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide — lending to more blood sugar regulation in some people. What Happens to Your Body During Weight Loss? No matter how you lose weight — whether it’s from keto, bariatric surgery, or GLP-1 meds — your body isn’t just burning fat. It’s normal to lose a mix of fat mass and lean mass, which includes muscle, bone, and organ tissue. But the goal with any good weight loss plan is to maximize fat loss and minimize muscle loss. The Myth: “GLP-1s Make You Lose All Your Muscle” Here’s the truth: GLP-1 medications do NOT inherently destroy your muscle mass. In fact, clinical studies have shown that GLP-1 medications, like semaglutide, have osteoblastic effects, meaning they can stimulate the activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation. This can potentially help improve bone density and support bone health. While the primary role of GLP-1 medications is to aid in weight loss and improve blood sugar control, these osteoblastic effects may offer additional benefits, especially in individuals at risk for osteoporosis or bone loss. If you see muscle loss during GLP-1 therapy, it’s because of rapid overall weight loss and a lack of resistance training and protein — not because the medication is wasting your muscle. It’s the same thing we see in ANY rapid weight loss — if you don’t stimulate your muscles and feed them the right building blocks, your body gets rid of them because it thinks you don’t need them. Muscle is metabolically expensive. Your body is smart — if it thinks you’re not using muscle, it’s going to save energy and dump it. That’s biology — not the medication. Why Protein and Resistance Training Are Non-Negotiable If you’re on a GLP-1, your appetite is lower — which is great for fat loss, but it means you could accidentally under-eat protein if you’re not paying attention. Protein is literally the raw material your body uses to maintain and build muscle. Protein also helps build and repair tissues and is essential for producing enzymes, hormones, and maintaining a healthy immune system. Without enough, your body will start to break down lean tissue to make up the difference. And without resistance training (e.g., bodyweight exercises), your body assumes you don’t need the muscle anymore. Use it or lose it. How to Protect (and Even Build) Muscle on GLP-1s Here’s the simple formula: Prioritize protein: Aim for at least 0.8 to 1 grams per pound of body weight per day. Some need even more during active fat loss. Strength train 2–4 times a week: Focus on compound movements — think squats, deadlifts, presses, pulls, push ups, lunges, planks, and wall sits. Don’t fear the scale: Remember that as you lose fat and build muscle, the number might not drop as fast — but your body composition is improving (e.g., reduced body fat, more defined muscles, improved waist circumference, increased energy and strength, and don’t forget improved cardiovascular health). Think long-term: It’s not just about losing weight — it’s about keeping a strong, healthy, metabolically active body. THIS is what helps maintain weight loss. Making sustainable lifestyle changes can be challenging, but they are the most important choice you can make when it comes to losing weight and improving your metabolism in the long run. The goal isn’t just weight loss — it’s fat loss while preserving and strengthening lean mass. It’s important to remember that GLP-1s are a powerful tool, but they aren’t a magic. You still have to partner with your body — feed it well, move it wisely, and respect the incredible machine it is. Strong, lean, metabolically active — that’s the future we’re building, not just smaller bodies. Thanks again for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If this episode helped you rethink your game plan, do me a favor — share it with someone who’s starting their GLP-1 journey. And as always, have a happy healthy week! Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, please follow or leave a review. And if there’s a topic you’d like to hear more about, feel free to reach out—we’d love to hear from you. As always, have a happy, healthy week! We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.
Today, we’re talking about how nootropics and peptides like Semax (See-max) and Selank (SEH-lank) work together to support cognitive health, improve focus, and reduce mental fatigue. Let’s start with nootropics. These are substances that are designed to support and enhance mental performance. Some work by improving memory, others help with focus, alertness, or reducing brain fog. Nootropics can be: Natural, like L-theanine or Lion’s Mane Nutraceuticals, like Alpha-GPC or CDP-Choline, which support neurotransmitter production Or synthetic, like Modafinil or racetams “RASS-uh-tams”, which are often used off-label to promote wakefulness and focus Most nootropics work by affecting levels of key brain chemicals like dopamine, acetylcholine, or norepinephrine. They don’t “make you smarter,” but they can improve how efficiently your brain is working—especially under stress or fatigue. Now, let’s talk about peptides—specifically Selank and Semax, which are two of the most well-known nootropic peptides. Selank is more about calming and emotional regulation, while Semax leans into cognitive enhancement and brain performance. Think of Selank as the anti-anxiety sidekick and Semax as the mental sharpener. Selank works by boosting GABA activity, which helps calm the nervous system. That’s why it’s often used to reduce stress and anxiety without causing drowsiness or dependence — unlike traditional anti-anxiety meds. Interestingly, it also slightly increases BDNF, the brain growth factor that supports memory and learning. Semax, on the other hand, has a much stronger impact on BDNF. It’s derived from ACTH, but it doesn’t raise cortisol levels. Instead, it enhances BDNF, dopamine, and serotonin activity, making it great for improving focus, mental energy, and even mood. And that’s what makes them such a powerful combo for some people. Selank helps create a calm, clear mental space — kind of like reducing background noise — while Semax boosts the brain’s signal, improving neuroplasticity, motivation, and mental clarity. Together, they offer a full-spectrum brain support: emotional balance and cognitive performance. Whether you're dealing with brain fog, anxiety, or just want to perform at a higher level, these peptides could be worth exploring. Stacking Nootropics with Peptides One of the most popular strategies for cognitive support is to combine or stack peptides with nootropics. For example: Selank pairs well with L-theanine for calming, focused energy. L-theanine, an amino acid found primarily in green tea, promotes relaxation and reduces stress without causing drowsiness by increasing calming neurotransmitters like GABA and serotonin. Lion’s Mane mushroom, a natural nootropic found in both wild and cultivated forms, can be stacked with Semax to naturally support memory, focus, and neurogenesis. Semax can be used with Alpha-GPC to support both short-term concentration and long-term brain health. Alpha-GPC (Alpha-glycerophosphocholine) is a choline-containing nutraceutical, often derived from soy or sunflower lecithin, that acts as a powerful nootropic. It increases levels of acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, focus, and muscle control. Because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently, Alpha-GPC is often used to enhance cognitive function, support brain health and neuroprotection, and improve physical performance by boosting power output and recovery in athletes. Semax can also be used with CDP-Choline for memory support, brain fog, and age-related cognitive decline. It too is a nutraceutical that provides choline, which the brain uses to produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory, learning, and focus. It also delivers cytidine, which converts into uridine—a compound that supports neuron repair and brain cell membrane synthesis. Alright, so one question we get a lot is, “What’s the difference between CDP-Choline and Alpha-GPC?” It’s a good one—because they’re both great choline sources, but they work a little differently. Alpha-GPC delivers choline more directly, which means you’ll feel that boost in focus and mental energy a bit faster. It’s especially handy if you’re doing high-intensity brain work or even something athletic. Lastly, I also want to dive into something a lot of people are curious about, Modafinil and racetams (RASS-uh-tams). Modafinil (Provigil) is a prescription, stimulant medication used to treat sleep disorders (e.g., narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea) and shift work disorder. It’s also used off-label as a focus-enhancing nootropic. It works by promoting wakefulness in the CNS. Researchers don’t know exactly how it works, but it appears to affect areas in the brain that control attention and wakefulness. Racetams (e.g., Piracetam, Aniracetam, or Oxiracetam) are a class of compounds that enhance acetylcholine activity and neuroplasticity, leading to better learning, memory, and focus with subtle, non-stimulant effects. While Modafinil provides a noticeable surge in alertness and productivity, racetams offer a more gradual cognitive boost that can be ideal for sustained mental performance. Just remember, peptides provide foundational support—helping your brain repair and function better long-term. Nootropics can then layer on immediate effects, like sharper focus or improved mood. Thanks for listening to The Peptide Podcast. If you found this episode helpful, please follow or leave a review. And if there’s a topic you’d like to hear more about, feel free to reach out—we’d love to hear from you. As always, have a happy, healthy week! We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.
Bridgette Cannon
i am so happy and excited that you have done this podcast! there's so much misinformation out there. thank you for doing this!
Elizabeth Gorgon
Peptides are quite a powerful tools, the main thing is to understand how to use them and do it correctly. In addition, it is important to choose a really good manufacturer, I found the best option for myself here https://www.peptidepros.net/product-category/peptides/
Elizabeth Gorgon
You are absolutely right, peptides are an amazing tool to help your body achieve its goals. The main thing is to choose a cool manufacturer for yourself so as not to harm yourself. I found an amazing one here https://www.peptidepros.net/product/bpc-157-5mg/