The Social Impact Solutions Podcast

What if 20% of your donors are driving 80% of your revenue—and you're not even looking at them? In this episode of the Social Impact Solutions Podcast, John Mark Vanderpool sits down with Kaitlin Windle, founder of Apt.io, a platform transforming how nonprofits track financial, fundraising, and impact data. Kaitlin brings the rare combo of investment banker precision and nonprofit grit to help you streamline reports, break down silos, and align your whole team around the KPIs that actually matter. You’ll learn: - Why “pace” is the most overlooked but critical fundraising metric - How to ditch expensive busywork and double down on what’s working - What donor segmentation reveals about sustainability (and where you’re wasting time) - The power of monthly board-ready dashboards to drive strategy and confidence - Why small nonprofits should ignore the omnichannel myth If you're a nonprofit leader tired of flying blind and want to drive funding with focus—this episode is your blueprint. 🎧 Plus: Download Apt's free KPI Checklist at apte.io Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Apt and Nonprofit Data Solutions 04:25 The Importance of Data Accessibility in Nonprofits 08:36 Challenges in Nonprofit Data Management 14:33 Breaking Down Silos for Operational Sustainability 20:46 The Role of KPIs in Nonprofit Strategy 26:55 Key Performance Indicators for Fundraising Success 32:47 Leveraging Donor Data for Growth 39:34 Streamlining Efforts for Greater Impact 47:20 Conclusion and Future Insights

In this episode of The Social Impact Solutions Podcast, titled "Making Impact Measurable: How to Track What Really Matters," I explore the vital role of impact measurement in the nonprofit sector. I am joined by Sherry Cheney-Jones, founder and CEO of Sure Impact, who shares her expertise on using data to drive meaningful change. We discuss the importance of defining success indicators and utilizing technology to streamline impact tracking. Sherry emphasizes that impact is not just about numbers served or funds raised, but about quantifiable changes in lives and circumstances. Tune in to learn how nonprofits can leverage data to enhance their mission and secure funding in a competitive landscape.

If you’ve ever struggled with the time-consuming, soul-crushing work of grant writing, you’re not alone—and this episode is for you. On today's episode, Mark Reith shares how Cadenza helps nonprofits reclaim their time, reduce burnout, and dramatically increase funding success by streamlining the grant process through AI. (https://www.getcadenza.ai/) From eliminating monotonous research tasks to grounding AI in your organization's unique data, Mark explains how Cadenza isn't just another chatbot—it’s your grant-writing copilot. We also talk about the future of nonprofit fundraising, the human-in-the-loop principle, and why AI doesn’t replace people—it empowers them. Mark Reith is a California-based entrepreneur with a background in computer engineering, AI, and analytics. He’s the Co-founder and CEO of Cadenza, a platform designed to help nonprofits find, apply for, and win more grant funding using cutting-edge AI tools. Passionate about solving real-world problems through technology, Mark created Cadenza after seeing firsthand how inefficient and frustrating the grant process can be—even for well-resourced teams. Episode Highlights - Why most nonprofit staff burn out doing repetitive grant work—and how AI can help - The core challenges of finding and applying for grants in 2025 - How Cadenza uses your website and documents to customize grant recommendations - “Human-in-the-loop” AI: striking the balance between automation and authenticity - Why AI won't take your job—but it should take the worst parts of it - How scaling impact often requires scaling funding through better grant strategy Time Stamps 00:00 – Motivation Mismatch in Nonprofits 00:43 – Podcast Introduction 01:12 – Meet Mark Reith & Cadenza 02:17 – Mark’s Background 05:47 – Why Grants Are Hard 07:38 – The Scarcity Problem 09:06 – Discovery Challenges 11:20 – Burnout and Repetition 12:21 – Grants Drive Scale 14:00 – Cadenza’s Live Grant Matching 15:28 – How Cadenza Learns About You 17:38 – AI vs Static Platforms 18:46 – Human-in-the-Loop AI 20:32 – Match Scores Explained 23:04 – Grounded AI in Your Data 25:07 – Building Trust with Citations 27:32 – Real-World Use Case 28:32 – Applying with Cadenza 30:45 – Built-In Project Management 33:09 – AI as an Assistant 35:36 – Ethical Use of AI 37:11 – The AI Grant Race 38:52 – Focus on Quality & Speed 39:43 – Learn More About Cadenza

🔗 Connect with Lisa Foster ✅ Take the EQ Quiz and explore leadership resources: lisadfostercoach.com ✅ Read Lisa’s latest articles: • LinkedIn Articles • Forbes Contributor Page (https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbescoachescouncil/people/lisadfoster/) ✅ Want help with culture, silos, or team leadership? Reach out to Lisa directly for a conversation—no pressure, just support. (https://lisadfostercoach.com/) What happens when a mission-driven entrepreneur scales a company to hundreds of employees—and then dedicates her life to helping others do the same? In this episode, we sit down with Lisa Foster, a seasoned social entrepreneur turned leadership coach, who shares her powerful journey from building a global business to empowering purpose-driven teams through emotional intelligence and culture-first leadership. We dive into the unique leadership challenges in the nonprofit space, why mission-blindness can derail even the most passionate teams, and how one-on-one meetings (done right) can transform your organization. Lisa breaks down practical, research-backed strategies for building cohesive, high-performing teams—without burning yourself out or micromanaging. Whether you're a nonprofit leader, social entrepreneur, or people-first CEO, this conversation is packed with actionable insights to help you build a culture worth bragging about. Takeaways - Lisa Foster started her journey as a high school English teacher before becoming a social entrepreneur. - Emotional intelligence is crucial for successful leadership and organizational growth. - Nonprofits often prioritize mission over the well-being of their team members, leading to burnout. - One-on-one meetings are essential for building trust and understanding within teams. - Effective management training should focus on listening and empowering employees to solve their own problems. - Creating a positive team culture can significantly enhance productivity and morale. - Leaders should be aware of their organizational culture and how it impacts employee performance. - Regular feedback and open communication are key to maintaining a healthy work environment. - Empathy and ethics in leadership can lead to better outcomes for organizations. - Continuous learning and adaptation are vital for personal and organizational success. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Lisa Foster's Journey 02:01 The Birth of a Social Enterprise 05:10 The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Leadership 08:03 Common Pitfalls in Nonprofit Leadership 10:53 Individualized Coaching for Nonprofit Leaders 14:06 The Difference Between Coaching and Counseling 17:12 Building Collaborative Teams 19:56 Defining Purpose and Values in Organizations 23:33 Navigating Political Disruption with Core Values 27:13 Breaking Down Silos for Team Empowerment 28:12 The Importance of Organizational Culture 31:31 Mastering One-on-One Meetings 38:14 Empowering Teams Through Problem Solving 45:03 Building a Culture of Trust and Growth 51:38 sportsRecreation-transition-high.wav Keywords social entrepreneurship, leadership development, emotional intelligence, nonprofit management, team culture, coaching, mission-driven organizations, effective communication, problem-solving, organizational growth

In this conversation, Lauren and John Mark Vanderpool discuss the critical aspects of communicating social impact for nonprofits. They explore the challenges faced by organizations in measuring and conveying their impact, the importance of utilizing data effectively, and strategies for engaging stakeholders through various communication channels. The discussion emphasizes the need for nonprofits to go beyond mere output metrics and focus on outcomes and long-term impacts to foster trust and enhance fundraising efforts. In this conversation, Lauren and John Mark Vanderpool discuss the importance of capturing both qualitative and quantitative data for effective impact measurement in nonprofits. They emphasize the need for storytelling to convey the impact of programs, the significance of impact reports as foundational documents, and the challenges organizations face in communicating their impact. The discussion also touches on the role of AI in assisting smaller organizations with data collection and report generation, while stressing the importance of authenticity in storytelling. Takeaways - Communicating social impact is essential for nonprofit success. - Nonprofits often struggle with measuring and communicating their impact. - Trust and transparency are built through effective impact communication. - Younger generations prioritize quantifiable social change. - Impact data can significantly enhance fundraising capabilities. - Outputs are important, but outcomes reflect true impact. - Effective communication strategies include using data and storytelling. - Email campaigns should consistently highlight impact metrics. - Win hearts with stories, win minds with metrics. - Impact reports highlight true change being created. - Tell the truth, avoid fake stories. - Communicate your real impact effectively. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Impact Communication 03:06 Challenges in Communicating Nonprofit Impact 05:58 The Importance of Impact Data 09:00 Understanding Outputs vs. Outcomes 12:13 Effective Communication Strategies 15:08 Utilizing Email Campaigns for Impact 17:54 Highlighting Impact on Fundraising Pages 20:56 Addressing Common Questions on Impact Measurement 33:02 Capturing Internal Data for Impact Measurement 34:26 The Power of Qualitative Stories 39:46 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Data 45:45 The Importance of Impact Reports 54:20 Understanding Impact Reports vs. Annual Reports 01:00:41 Challenges in Communicating Impact Keywords nonprofit, impact communication, fundraising, impact measurement, social impact, donor engagement, nonprofit challenges, impact data, outputs, outcomes, impact measurement, qualitative data, storytelling, nonprofit, impact reports, fundraising, donor engagement, social impact, data collection, communication strategies

Important Links: - Learn how to transform your fundraising with The Responsive Maturity Model (https://virtuous.org/model). - Learn how to transform your organization by reading The Responsive Nonprofit (https://www.amazon.com/Responsive-Nonprofit-Practices-Innovation-Impact/dp/1962988147) - Follow Gabe Cooper on LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/gabecooper) - Learn more about the top nonprofit CRM for growth-minded nonprofits (https://virtuous.org) Summary In this conversation, Gabe Cooper, founder and CEO of Virtuous CRM, discusses the transformative power of generosity in the nonprofit sector. He shares insights on how technology can drive innovation, the importance of breaking down silos within organizations, and the need for nonprofits to adopt agile practices. The discussion emphasizes the significance of donor retention and the metrics that can help nonprofits measure their success effectively. Gabe advocates for a focus on net new generosity and the role of data in creating predictable revenue streams for nonprofits. In this conversation, Gabe and John Mark discuss the evolving landscape of nonprofit organizations, focusing on the importance of metrics, innovation, and the integration of technology such as AI. They explore Martec's law, the necessity of step function changes, and the significance of visionary thinking in achieving organizational goals. The dialogue emphasizes the value of leveraging community engagement and volunteers, as well as the need for responsive fundraising strategies that utilize data effectively. The conversation concludes with insights on building a nonprofit CRM that supports growth and professionalization. Takeaways - Generosity can change the world and is essential for nonprofits. - Nonprofits often struggle with innovation due to distractions. - Breaking down silos is crucial for effective collaboration. - Agile practices can help nonprofits adapt and innovate quickly. - Understanding donor retention is key to nonprofit sustainability. - Metrics should focus on outcomes, not just activities. - Nonprofits need to know their numbers to drive success. - Creating predictable revenue streams is vital for long-term impact. - Engaging with donors in real-time enhances relationships. - The nonprofit sector must embrace technology to remain relevant. - Martec's law highlights the rapid pace of innovation. - Nonprofits must embrace step function changes to adapt. - Visionary thinking is crucial for setting organizational goals. - Preventing whiplash in teams is essential during change. - Leveraging volunteers can significantly enhance impact. - Responsive fundraising requires understanding donor behavior. - Data must be centralized for effective fundraising strategies. - Nonprofits can achieve significant impact with the right tools. - Courage to innovate is key to stacking wins. Chapters 00:00 The Journey to Generosity 04:50 Unlocking Generosity in Nonprofits 07:43 Innovative Practices in Nonprofits 10:54 Breaking Down Silos for Better Impact 13:55 The Importance of Agile Practices 16:58 Hiring for Innovation and Scrappiness 19:51 Understanding Nonprofit Metrics 22:52 The Role of Patient Money in Nonprofits 34:05 Understanding Donor Dynamics 37:59 Setting Objectives and Key Results 41:42 The Importance of Net New Generosity 49:30 Navigating Martec's Law 58:32 Innovating with Purpose 01:04:12 Balancing Stability and Innovation 01:08:40 Organizational Challenges and Solutions 01:12:02 Leveraging Volunteers for Impact 01:15:40 Defining Quick Wins in Nonprofits 01:20:36 The Importance of Data in Fundraising 01:25:41 Building Responsive Fundraising Strategies Keywords nonprofit, generosity, CRM, innovation, fundraising, donor retention, technology, social impact, agile practices, data tracking, nonprofits, AI, innovation, fundraising, data, volunteers, organizational change, responsive fundraising, CRM

Summary In this engaging conversation, John Mark Vanderpool and Nathalie Huynh explore the critical differences between nonprofit marketing and branding. Natalie shares her journey into the nonprofit sector, emphasizing the importance of understanding the core elements of branding, the role of emotion in marketing, and the necessity of practical strategies. They discuss how nonprofits can effectively communicate their mission, the significance of consistency in messaging, and the value of feedback for continuous improvement. The conversation highlights that a strong brand identity not only guides decision-making but also simplifies operations, ultimately leading to greater impact in the nonprofit sector. Takeaways - Nonprofits must invest in branding as much as for-profits do. - Understanding the difference between marketing and branding is crucial. - Core elements of nonprofit branding include mission, values, and theory of change. - Practical marketing strategies are essential for nonprofit success. - Emotional resonance plays a significant role in nonprofit marketing. - The mission of a nonprofit is its product, which must be communicated effectively. - Consistency in messaging helps build a strong brand identity. - Feedback from new hires can provide valuable insights for improving marketing. - Nonprofits should focus on their audience and where they are most active. - A strong brand simplifies decision-making and enhances operational efficiency. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Nonprofit Marketing and Branding 07:54 Core Elements of Nonprofit Branding 12:47 Navigating Nonprofit Marketing Challenges 20:41 Identifying Your Audience 26:02 Evaluating Marketing Effectiveness 34:20 The Importance of Brand Consistency 43:59 Living Your Brand Values Keywords nonprofit marketing, branding, social impact, marketing strategies, nonprofit sector, emotional marketing, mission-driven organizations, effective communication, brand identity, fundraising

Summary In this episode of the Social Impact Solutions podcast, John Mark and Lauren Vanderpool discuss the importance of capturing reliable impact data for nonprofits. They explore the challenges organizations face in measuring their impact, the tools available for data capture, and the significance of using validated assessment tools. The conversation emphasizes the need for nonprofits to understand their outputs and outcomes, especially in competitive funding environments, and provides practical strategies for effective impact measurement. Takeaways - Reliable impact data is critical for nonprofits. - Measuring impact helps determine outputs and outcomes. - Real-time data allows for better decision-making. - Impact measurement is crucial during competitive times. - Using validated assessment tools enhances data reliability. - Manual surveys are less effective than digital tools. - Investing in good data systems saves time and resources. - Understanding what data to capture is essential for nonprofits. - Academic resources can provide valuable validated tools. - Aligning nonprofit strategies improves fundraising efforts. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Impact Measurement Series 02:17 The Importance of Reliable Impact Data 05:11 Navigating Challenges with Impact Measurement 08:14 The Heart Rate Analogy for Impact Measurement 14:30 Choosing the Right Tools for Data Capture 23:29 Determining What Data to Capture 28:49 Conclusion and Future Directions Keywords impact measurement, social impact, nonprofits, data capture, reliable data, fundraising, impact metrics, assessment tools, nonprofit leaders, program evaluation

Summary In this episode of the Social Impact Solutions podcast, Lauren and John Mark discuss the importance of developing measurable goals and objectives for nonprofits. They emphasize the significance of SMART goals, which are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The conversation highlights the need for team involvement in goal setting, the challenges organizations face in creating measurable objectives, and the overall impact of measurement on nonprofit success. The hosts provide practical strategies and frameworks to help organizations effectively measure their impact and communicate it to stakeholders. Takeaways Measurable goals are critical for nonprofits, especially in competitive funding environments. SMART goals provide a clear framework for setting objectives. Team involvement in goal setting fosters ownership and accountability. Creating measurable goals should not be a difficult process. Regularly reviewing goals helps organizations adapt to changing circumstances. Impact measurement is essential for attracting funding and support. Clear communication of goals can engage stakeholders effectively. Frameworks like SMART goals are widely accepted and beneficial. Setting big goals can inspire teams but requires careful planning. Understanding community needs is crucial for effective program design. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Measurable Goals and Objectives 02:46 Understanding SMART Goals 05:54 Building SMART Goals: Framework and Examples 11:54 The Importance of Specificity in Goals 19:32 Challenges in Creating Measurable Goals 22:52 The Impact of Measurement on Nonprofits

Summary In this episode of the Social Impact Solutions podcast, John Mark Vanderpool and Lauren Vanderpool discuss the foundations of impact measurement, focusing on the theory of change and logic models. They emphasize the importance of measuring impact for nonprofits and social enterprises, especially in a competitive funding environment. The conversation covers the significance of having a clear theory of change, the differences between outputs and outcomes, and the challenges organizations face in measuring their impact. The episode aims to provide actionable insights for leaders in the nonprofit sector to enhance their impact measurement practices. Takeaways - Impact measurement is crucial for nonprofits and social enterprises. - A theory of change helps organizations articulate their goals and strategies. - Many nonprofits lack a clear theory of change, presenting an opportunity for improvement. - Outputs measure activities, while outcomes measure the change resulting from those activities. - Funders increasingly require a theory of change and logic model for funding applications. - Secondary data can be valuable for organizations with limited direct feedback from beneficiaries. - Effective communication of impact can enhance donor engagement and trust. - Data-driven decisions are essential for nonprofit leadership and resource allocation. - Logic models provide a visual representation of how an organization plans to achieve its goals. - Understanding the difference between outputs and outcomes is key to effective impact measurement. Chapters 00:00 Understanding the Importance of Impact Measurement 02:31 Challenges in Nonprofit Impact Measurement 05:39 Theory of Change and Logic Models 08:28 Defining Outputs and Outcomes 11:47 Developing Measurable Goals and Objectives 14:42 Capturing Impact Data Consistently 22:36 New Chapter

In this conversation, Lauren Vanderpool and Barbara O'Reilly share their insights on the current challenges facing the nonprofit sector, particularly in light of recent executive orders and funding cuts. Barbara discusses the impact on various organizations, the importance of communication and adaptability, and offers strategies for navigating these turbulent times. O'Reilly emphasizes the need for nonprofits to stay informed, engage with their donors, and collaborate to protect their missions and services. In this conversation, Barbara O'Reilly discusses the resilience of nonprofit organizations during crises, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Takeaways - The nonprofit sector is facing unprecedented challenges due to executive orders and funding cuts. - Cutting federal funding directly impacts services and lives. - Organizations must adapt and innovate in response to funding uncertainties. - Communication with donors is crucial during crises. - Nonprofits should focus on scenario planning and cash flow forecasting. - There are resources available to help nonprofits navigate these challenges. - Funders may need to change their approach to support nonprofits effectively. - Collaboration among nonprofits can strengthen their collective response. - Sticking to facts and data-driven communication is essential. - Engaging donors with transparent updates can foster support and resilience. Nonprofits that communicated effectively during crises fared better. - Smaller organizations may struggle more than larger ones. - Adaptability and financial planning are crucial for survival. - Collaboration among nonprofits can maximize impact. - Organizations should assess which programs to pause or cut. - Data-driven decision-making is essential for nonprofits. Chapters 00:00 Navigating the Nonprofit Landscape 08:47 Adapting Strategies in Crisis 16:07 Resources and Communication for Nonprofits 26:15 Navigating Organizational Resilience During Crises 32:25 The Importance of Adaptability and Financial Planning 38:09 Collaboration Over Competition: A New Nonprofit Mindset 46:16 Encouragement and Resources for Nonprofit Leaders

Nonprofits are facing one of the toughest fundraising climates in years. Funding cuts, economic uncertainty, and shifting donor expectations are making it harder than ever to secure the resources needed to create impact. But here’s the good news—there’s a way forward. 🎧 In this episode, we cover: ✅ Why funders are tightening budgets—and how to stand out ✅ The #1 reason donors give (hint: it’s NOT just storytelling) ✅ How to use impact data to retain donors and win bigger grants ✅ The step-by-step process to measure, market, and maximize your nonprofit’s impact 🎯 If you’re struggling to keep funding flowing, this episode is a must-listen. 🔗 More resources: [https://www.socialimpactsolutions.com] 📩 Follow us on LinkedIn: [https://www.linkedin.com/company/social-impact-solutions/] Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Impact Measurement 03:09 Understanding the Importance of Impact Measurement 06:00 Challenges in Nonprofit Impact Measurement 09:06 Theory of Change and Logic Models 11:50 Defining Outputs and Outcomes 14:51 Developing Measurable Goals and Objectives 17:39 Capturing Impact Data Consistently 34:17 Understanding Impact Measurement Tools 39:54 Strategies for Organizations with Multiple Programs 43:59 Case Study: Nonprofit Impact Measurement Success 47:10 Case Study: Overcoming Funding Challenges 49:46 The Importance of Data in Nonprofit Funding 52:30 Navigating Startup Nonprofit Challenges

Today, we are joined by nonprofit experts Matt Sharp and David Wagner for a deep dive into mastering nonprofit strategy and operations. Matt, with a rich background in higher education and nonprofit leadership, shares insights on building capacity and operational effectiveness. David, from Clear Mission Consulting, brings a unique perspective from his experience in government consulting, focusing on strategic planning and long-term impact. Together, we explore the vital connection between strategy and operations, emphasizing the importance of backend systems to empower nonprofit missions. We also discuss the significance of planning ahead, even during the busy end-of-year period, to enhance donor confidence and mission impact. Tune in to discover actionable strategies to streamline your nonprofit's operations and drive meaningful change.

Important links: www.aspireleadership.com Summary In this episode, Jeff Banning shares his journey from CEO of Trinity Logistics to leading Aspire Leadership, emphasizing the importance of leadership development. He discusses the challenges of scaling a business, the need for a robust leadership program, and the significance of self-awareness and culture in effective leadership. Jeff highlights the principles of curiosity, humility, and empathy as essential traits for influential leaders. The Aspire Leadership program is designed to foster behavior change and accountability among leaders, ultimately driving organizational success and employee engagement. Takeaways - Leadership development is crucial for business growth. - Investing in people leads to long-term success. - Self-awareness is key to effective leadership. - Curiosity, humility, and empathy are essential traits for leaders. - Building a strong organizational culture is vital. - Developing leaders from within is more effective than hiring externally. - A structured leadership program can drive behavior change. - Engaged employees lead to lower turnover rates. - The Aspire Leadership program focuses on practical application and accountability. Chapters 00:00 The Genesis of Leadership Development 02:32 The Evolution of Leadership Principles 05:47 The Need for Mid-Level Leadership 08:44 Building from Within: A Cultural Shift 11:50 A Defining Moment: Choosing People Over Profit 14:48 The Impact of Employee Ownership 17:51 The Commitment to Leadership Training 20:43 The Challenges of Leadership Development 23:40 The Importance of People in Leadership 26:51 Reflecting on Leadership Legacy 29:21 Developing Effective Leadership Programs 35:09 The Importance of Curiosity, Empathy, and Humility 39:54 Behavior Change in Leadership Development 46:08 The ROI of Leadership Training 54:48 Aspire Leadership: A Comprehensive Approach

In this episode of the Social Impact Solutions podcast, hosts John Mark and Lauren Vanderpool discuss the top mistakes nonprofits make when measuring their impact. They emphasize the importance of starting impact measurement early, leveraging technology for data collection, and the necessity of consistent assessment tools. The conversation also highlights the value of both qualitative and quantitative data in understanding program effectiveness and making informed decisions. Ultimately, they stress that measuring impact is crucial for nonprofits to scale their programs and attract funding. Takeaways - Impact measurement is essential for nonprofits of all sizes. - Starting impact measurement early is beneficial for smaller organizations. - Technology can simplify data collection and reporting processes. - Digitizing data management leads to more efficient operations. - Consistent assessment tools are crucial for accurate impact measurement. - Qualitative data provides insights that quantitative data may miss. - Nonprofits should aim for a mixed-methods approach in evaluations. - Real-time data helps organizations pivot during unexpected events. - Funders increasingly require data to justify their support. - Measuring impact is the primary reason why donors give. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Nonprofit Impact Measurement 03:33 Common Pitfalls in Measuring Impact 06:35 The Importance of Digitizing Data 09:24 The Role of Assessment Tools 12:28 Qualitative vs Quantitative Methods 15:23 The Need for Real-Time Data 18:34 Understanding Program Context 21:13 The Value of Consistency in Measurement 24:34 Conclusion and Key Takeaways 44:59