Unbiased Science

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Christopher Labos (again!) to examine cholesterol and the growing phenomenon of cholesterol denialism. The scientists explore the historical development of cholesterol research and how treatment approaches have evolved over time. They address the impact of scientific skepticism on public understanding of cholesterol's role in cardiovascular disease, discussing both dietary interventions and pharmaceutical treatments like statins. Dr. Labos provides insights into current controversies surrounding cholesterol management while emphasizing evidence-based approaches to heart disease prevention. The conversation offers listeners a comprehensive understanding of cholesterol science and the importance of separating legitimate scientific debate from unfounded skepticism in cardiovascular health. (00:00) Intro (05:09) Understanding Cholesterol and Its Importance (07:07) Defining Cholesterol Denialism (08:37) The Spectrum of Cholesterol Denialism (10:27) Historical Context of Cholesterol Research (13:10) Evolution of Cholesterol Understanding (15:10) The Role of Skepticism in Science (19:48) The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Cholesterol Research (20:47) The Evolution of Cholesterol Understanding (25:59) The Rise of Cholesterol Denialism (30:25) The Intersection of Cholesterol and Vaccine Skepticism (34:51) The Future of Cholesterol Management (41:24) Dietary Recommendations and Cholesterol Myths https://montrealgazette.com/author/christopher-labos-special-to-montreal-gazette https://twitter.com/drlabos https://bsky.app/profile/drlabos.bsky.social https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/how-cholesterol-denialism-went-from-reasonable-skepticism-to-pseudoscience/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Jackie Maybin to explore the often overlooked issue of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and its significant impact on women's health. The scientists examine the prevalence of this condition, the persistent societal stigma that prevents open discussion, and the challenges in diagnosis and treatment. They highlight the innovative Missed Vital Sign program, which aims to standardize assessment of menstrual health as a vital clinical indicator. Throughout the conversation, the experts emphasize the critical need for comprehensive data collection, increased awareness, and personalized treatment approaches to address menstrual health disorders. The discussion underscores the importance of advancing research and advocacy in a field that affects a substantial portion of the population but has historically received inadequate attention. (00:00) Intro (03:07) Understanding Problematic Menstrual Bleeding (06:19) The Historical Context of Menstrual Health (09:21) Current Understanding of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (12:21) The Mis Vital Sign Program (18:09) Innovative Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment (21:17) The Importance of Data Collection in Menstrual Health (25:18) Advocating for Women's Health (30:12) Conclusion and Future Directions https://wellcomeleap.org/the-missed-vital-sign/ https://theunbiasedscipod.substack.com/p/bleeding-out-loud-breaking-the-silence ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Kevin Klatt to explore the multifaceted world of nutrition science and dietetics. The scientists examine the essential role of registered dietitians in providing evidence-based nutritional guidance and discuss the impact of the Maha movement on public health discourse. Dr. Klatt offers insights into the controversies surrounding food dyes and the regulatory challenges faced by the FDA in food safety oversight. The conversation extends to discussions about ultra-processed foods, highlighting the complexities of reformulating products without artificial ingredients while maintaining safety and accessibility. Throughout the episode, the experts emphasize the importance of nuanced, individualized dietary recommendations and call for meaningful action in addressing public health nutrition challenges. (00:00) Intro (02:45) Understanding the Role of Registered Dietitians (09:31) The Maha Movement and Its Impact on Nutrition (16:55) Controversies Surrounding Food Dyes (28:33) The Complexity of Food Dyes (33:34) Rethinking Ultra-Processed Foods (44:03) Navigating Dietary Recommendations (54:54) The Role of Dietitians in Nutrition ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Michael Mina to explore the nuanced realities of COVID-19 vaccines and public health communication. The scientists examine the limitations of current vaccines in preventing transmission and how this has affected public trust. Dr. Mina introduces the critical concept of immune amnesia, particularly in relation to measles, explaining its profound implications for understanding immunity. The conversation places current vaccine challenges in historical context while discussing the ongoing pursuit of universal vaccines. Throughout the episode, the experts emphasize the importance of transparent, accurate scientific communication in building and maintaining public trust in vaccination programs. (00:00) Intro (04:34) The Role of COVID-19 Vaccines in Transmission (11:55) Understanding Vaccine Efficacy and Mistrust (18:11) Comparing Vaccines: COVID-19 vs. Measles (18:30) The Future of Vaccines: Universal Protection (23:21) Communication Challenges in Public Health Messaging (25:07) Navigating Scientific Terminology and Public Perception (28:11) Understanding Measles: Historical Context and Public Misconceptions (32:24) The Efficacy of the MMR Vaccine: New Insights (38:11) Immune Amnesia: The Hidden Dangers of Measles (48:18) Conclusion: The Importance of Vaccination and Public Health Awareness https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2025/03/measles-immune-amnesia https://www-webflow.emed.com/team-member/michael-mina https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/c2sense-welcomes-dr-michael-mina-md-phd-chief-scientific-officer-of-emed-digital-healthcare-to-board-of-directors-302156846.html ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Paul Offit to discuss the evolution of COVID-19 from pandemic to endemic status, the challenges of misinformation and public health messaging, and the importance of rebuilding trust in science. The scientists explore the challenges of effective public health communication amid widespread misinformation, examining how trust in scientific institutions has been affected. Dr. Offit shares insights on mRNA vaccine technology and addresses the evidence surrounding SARS-CoV-2's origins, emphasizing the scientific consensus supporting natural emergence rather than laboratory origin. The conversation also tackles the persistent vaccine-autism controversy, with Dr. Offit debunking common myths while providing context on autism research. Throughout the episode, the experts highlight the complex relationship between pharmaceutical development, public health, and the critical importance of evidence-based approaches to combat misinformation. (00:00) Intro (02:22) Understanding the Transition from Pandemic to Endemic (05:18) Misinformation and Public Health Messaging (10:21) Rebuilding Trust in Science (12:29) The Role of mRNA Technology in Vaccines (18:20) Comparing COVID-19 and Influenza (24:18) The Origins of SARS-CoV-2 (26:49) Investigating the Origins of SARS-CoV-2 (32:11) The Autism and Vaccine Controversy (37:25) Pharmaceutical Industry and Vaccine Trust (43:20) Natural Immunity vs. Vaccination (46:12) The Current State of Public Health and Vaccination https://www.paul-offit.com/ https://pauloffit.substack.com/ Dr. Offit's book: Tell Me When It's Over: An Insider's Guide to Deciphering Covid Myths and Navigating Our Post-Pandemic World https://amzn.to/3YSCDwq ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Christopher Labos to examine the controversial topic of seed oils in nutrition. The scientists explore common misconceptions surrounding dietary fats, clarifying the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats and addressing the ongoing omega-3 versus omega-6 debate. They investigate how seed oils became demonized in contemporary diet culture, analyzing claims about their alleged inflammatory properties and health impacts. The conversation extends to broader nutritional misconceptions, food processing methods, and the polarization of dietary choices. Throughout the episode, the experts emphasize evidence-based approaches to nutrition, advocating for moderation and balanced dietary patterns over fear-based elimination of specific ingredients. (00:00) Intro (03:20) The Science of Seed Oils: Myths and Facts (06:24) Understanding Epidemiology and Research in Medicine (09:16) Defining Seed Oils and Their Impact on Health (12:16) The Complexity of Fats: Saturated vs. Unsaturated (15:21) The Omega Debate: Omega-3 vs. Omega-6 (18:06) Demonization of Seed Oils: A Balanced Perspective (21:13) Moderation and the Role of Seed Oils in Diet (26:04) Understanding Nutrition Complexity (29:11) The Role of Processing in Food (31:11) Debunking Myths: Seed Oils and Health (34:15) The Inflammation Debate (39:13) Diet Trends: Carnivore and Beyond (43:21) The Politics of Food Choices https://montrealgazette.com/author/christopher-labos-special-to-montreal-gazette https://twitter.com/drlabos (@DrLabos) https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/how-cholesterol-denialism-went-from-reasonable-skepticism-to-pseudoscience/ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2831265 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28752873/ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2831265 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39475012/ https://www.massgeneral.org/news/article/seed-oils-facts-myths ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore a diverse range of current scientific developments and health topics. The scientists examine recent advancements in Alzheimer's diagnostics, providing insights into emerging tools for early detection. They revisit the ongoing fluoride debate, discussing its public health implications. The conversation covers new research on alcohol's impact on brain health and delves into the nuanced field of autism research. Dr. Steier and Dr. Scheinman also investigate cutting-edge brain-computer interface technologies and fascinating discoveries about human ancestry. Throughout the episode, the experts emphasize the critical importance of scientific literacy and clear communication in translating research into effective health policies. https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/07/health/alzheimer-risk-blood-biomarkers-wellness/index.html https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/09/health/heavy-drinking-alcohol-wellness/index.html https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/stroke-survivor-speaks-experimental-brain-computer-implant-120334355 https://www.npr.org/2025/04/10/g-s1-59452/hhs-rfk-fluoride-drinking-water-epa https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2025/04/11/rfk-autism-study-causes-research/ https://apnews.com/article/denisovan-human-ancestor-taiwan-bea8556942c2d73370e2c2a6406e66f5 https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/01/after-3000-years-we-can-hear-the-voice-of-a-mummified-egyptian-priest (00:00) Intro (02:19) Alzheimer's Diagnostic Advancements (09:19) Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Policy Update (13:17) The Impact of Heavy Drinking on Brain Health (19:18) The Complexity of Autism Research (26:15) Innovations in Brain-Computer Interfaces (33:30) Discoveries in Human Ancestry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Aimee Pugh Bernard to explore the intricate world of autoimmunity. The scientists examine the fundamental nature of autoimmune disorders, explaining how these conditions develop when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. They discuss the challenges in diagnosing these diverse conditions, the critical interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, and focus on specific examples like celiac disease. The conversation addresses common misconceptions surrounding autoimmune conditions and emphasizes evidence-based approaches to management, while clarifying important questions about the relationship between vaccinations and autoimmune diseases. (00:00) Intro (02:35) Understanding Autoimmunity (08:51) Types of Autoimmune Disorders (11:34) Diagnosis and Testing for Autoimmunity (19:21) Causes and Risk Factors of Autoimmunity (24:25) The Role of Genetics and Environment (25:30) Celiac Disease and Its Unique Aspects (27:23) The Dangers of Misinformation in Autoimmunity (33:23) Understanding Autoimmune Disease Management (40:18) Debunking Myths About Autoimmunity (44:19) Vaccination and Autoimmunity: Facts vs. Fiction https://nationalhealthcouncil.org/blog/a-major-health-crisis-the-alarming-rise-of-autoimmune-disease https://theconversation.com/immune-health-is-all-about-balance-an-immunologist-explains-why-both-too-strong-and-too-weak-an-immune-response-can-lead-to-illness-215217 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore the critical issue of healthcare provider burnout with guests Claire Knapp and Dr. Tapas Mukherjee. The scientists discuss the Healing the Healers campaign, examining the widespread distress among healthcare professionals and the complex factors contributing to burnout. They investigate the multifaceted challenges facing medical workers, including administrative burdens, emotional stress, and increasing complexity of patient care. The conversation highlights the alarming rates of professionals leaving the healthcare field and emphasizes the need for systemic changes to support and retain medical workers. Throughout the episode, the experts discuss innovative solutions and advocacy efforts aimed at addressing burnout, providing listeners with a comprehensive understanding of this pressing healthcare challenge. https://havaslynx.com/thought-leadership/healing-the-healers/ (00:00) Intro (04:34) The Healing the Healers Campaign (09:36) Research Insights on Burnout (12:24) Specialty Trends in Burnout (17:36) Defining Burnout in Healthcare (19:24) The Emotional Toll on Healthcare Providers (21:24) The Burden of Medical Knowledge (24:35) The Catch-22 of Patient Care (27:03) The Human Cost of Healthcare (29:31) The Exodus of Healthcare Professionals (33:10) Innovations in Medical Education (34:40) Raising Awareness and Advocacy (37:38) Hope and Healing the Healers (42:44) Community Support and Gratitude ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, hosts Dr. Jess Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman engage with Suhanee Mitragotri, a Harvard undergraduate and co-founder of the Naloxone Education Initiative, to discuss the opioid crisis in the United States. They explore the scale of the crisis, the importance of naloxone in reversing overdoses, and the gaps in education regarding opioids and harm reduction. The conversation emphasizes the need for increased awareness and education, particularly among youth, to combat the ongoing epidemic. Email Suhanee: suhaneemitragotri@college.harvard.edu https://steppingstrong.bwh.harvard.edu/naloxone-administration-program/ https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/how-fda-failures-contributed-opioid-crisis/2020-08 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8154745/ https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/maps/connect2health/focus-on-opioids.html https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/about/understanding-the-opioid-overdose-epidemic.html ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore the complex world of psilocybin, or magic mushrooms. The scientists examine the substance's historical significance and neurobiological mechanisms, while discussing the emerging practice of microdosing and psilocybin's evolving legal status across different jurisdictions. They investigate the potential therapeutic applications of psilocybin for various mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Throughout the conversation, the experts emphasize contextual factors that influence psychedelic experiences and highlight the critical need for continued research to better understand psilocybin's full therapeutic potential. (00:00) Intro (02:25) Understanding Psilocybin: Definition and Classification (03:51) Historical Context of Psilocybin (10:59) Mechanism of Action: How Psilocybin Works in the Brain (14:58) Microdosing: Trends and Effects (17:00) Legal Status and Policy Changes (33:37) Therapeutic Potential and Research Findings https://www.rand.org/news/press/2024/06/27.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0311-8 https://www.cuttersguide.com/pdf/Periodical-Publications/life-by-time-inc-published-may-13-1957.pdf https://tripsitter.com/magic-mushrooms/legal/ https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Psilocybin-2020.pdf https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2018/09/reclassification-recommendations-for-drug-in-magic-mushrooms https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10069558/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0542-y https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2022.2047929 https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S443177 https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.124.002237 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359088 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1767 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00048 https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221092508 https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.16017 https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811231190858 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome neuroscientist Dr. Ben Rein to explore the complex world of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The scientists examine how these medications work in the brain, addressing both the supporting evidence for their effectiveness in treating depression and anxiety as well as ongoing controversies in the field. They discuss potential side effects, discontinuation symptoms, and the importance of individualized approaches to medication. The conversation also addresses common misconceptions about SSRIs, including alleged links to violence and cognitive decline, while emphasizing critical evaluation of scientific research on these medications. Throughout the episode, the experts provide a balanced perspective on SSRIs' role in mental health treatment, offering listeners valuable insights into making informed decisions about these widely prescribed medications. (00:00) Intro (05:30) Understanding the Mechanism of SSRIs (11:07) Controversies Surrounding SSRIs (14:39) Evidence Supporting SSRIs for Depression and Anxiety (18:40) Side Effects and Withdrawal from SSRIs (21:19) The Impact of SSRIs on Mental Health (24:33) Understanding SSRI Withdrawal Symptoms (27:31) Debunking Myths: SSRIs and Violence (31:20) SSRIs and Depression: A Complex Relationship (34:32) SSRIs and Cognitive Decline in Dementia (39:42) The Science Behind SSRIs (42:06) Critical Thinking in Science (44:33) The Role of PhDs vs. MDs in Mental Health https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-025-03851-3 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/30/fact-check-rfk-jrs-statements-during-senate-confirmation-hearing https://autisticadvocacy.org/2025/02/asan-disappointed-by-robert-f-kennedy-jr-s-confirmation-to-lead-hhs/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2000804117 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975858 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30479005/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wps.20701 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-021-01179-z ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman examine several current public health challenges and scientific developments. The scientists explore emerging research on Ozempic's potential role in treating alcohol use disorder, while addressing ongoing infectious disease concerns including tuberculosis and measles outbreaks. They also discuss broader public health issues such as marijuana advertising's impact on youth and progress in bird flu vaccine development. The conversation provides listeners with context and insights into these diverse health challenges while emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and public health interventions. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (09:15) Kansas City Tuberculosis Outbreak (14:31) Texas Measles Outbreak (24:02) Asteroid 2024 YRW: No Cause for Alarm (35:13) Final Thoughts: Bird Flu Vaccine Development Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore the complex relationship between alcohol and public health. The scientists examine alcohol's biological effects, its links to various health risks including cancer, and current policy debates around alcohol labeling and blood alcohol content limits. They discuss the growing awareness of alcohol-related health concerns while addressing the emergence of alcohol-free alternatives. The conversation balances personal experiences with scientific evidence, offering listeners a comprehensive understanding of alcohol's impact on individual and public health, while emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making around alcohol consumption. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (02:15) Personal Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption (03:54) Statistics and Public Health Concerns (06:41) Cancer Risks Associated with Alcohol (12:00) How Alcohol is Absorbed in the Body (17:44) Understanding Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) (19:49) The Impact of Alcohol Legislation (21:15) Alcohol Consumption and Public Health (23:00) Cultural Perspectives on Alcohol (23:41) Alcohol as a Carcinogen (25:51) Alcohol's Effects on the Brain (30:11) Understanding Alcohol Withdrawal (33:27) Navigating Alcohol Consumption in Society (36:32) Final Thoughts: The Rise of Alcohol-Free Alternatives Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Margot Savoy to discuss the changing landscape of vaccine recommendations. The scientists explore risk-based vaccination approaches, focusing particularly on RSV and pneumococcal vaccines, while examining how factors like age and immunosenescence influence vaccine effectiveness. Dr. Savoy provides insights into how pandemic experiences have shaped vaccine strategies and emphasizes the importance of personalized vaccination discussions between healthcare providers and patients. The conversation offers listeners valuable understanding of current vaccine recommendations and their public health implications. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (02:37) Understanding Risk-Based Vaccine Recommendations (06:47) Safety vs. Efficacy in Vaccines (08:56) Dynamic Nature of Vaccine Recommendations (12:50) Types of Vaccine Recommendations (20:11) Impact of Recommendations on Insurance Coverage (22:13) Recent Changes in RSV Recommendations (22:43) Understanding RSV and Its Impact (29:01) Immunosenescence: Aging and Immune Response (34:32) Pneumococcal Disease and Vaccination Recommendations (42:08) Final Thoughts: The Future of Vaccination: Innovations and Conversations Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman examine several pressing scientific and public health topics. The scientists explore recent findings on dementia prevention, the emerging technology of cultivated meat, and concerns surrounding nicotine products, particularly their impact on youth. They also discuss critical public health issues including the tuberculosis outbreak in Kansas and emerging avian flu threats. The conversation provides context for recent headlines while offering listeners insights into these diverse health challenges and their broader implications for public health. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (02:15) Dementia Risk and Prevention (11:14) Cultivated Meat: The Future of Food (16:17) Nicotine Pouches: Risks and Benefits (23:31) The Impact of Nicotine on the Developing Brain (24:47) The Controversy of Menthol Cigarettes (29:27) Understanding the Kansas Tuberculosis Outbreak (35:59) Final Thoughts: Bird Flu and Public Health Concerns Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman are joined by Katharine Lotspeich and Valene Cauhorn from the Millennial Ag Podcast to explore the complex topic of raw milk. The scientists examine the historical context of milk and pasteurization, delving into the scientific principles behind milk safety, public health concerns, and nutritional misconceptions. They discuss the critical role of pasteurization in protecting public health, while also exploring personal experiences and perspectives on raw milk consumption, offering listeners a comprehensive overview of this controversial subject. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro Music (00:20) Introduction to Raw Milk and Its Controversies (03:23) Historical Context of Milk and Pasteurization (06:15) Personal Experiences with Raw Milk (09:14) The Science Behind Pasteurization (12:16) Public Health Perspectives on Milk Safety (15:18) Louis Pasteur and His Impact on Dairy (18:31) Practical Considerations of Pasteurization (24:54) The Truth About Pasteurization (27:18) Understanding the Costs of Food Processing (30:04) The Risks of Raw Milk Consumption (31:37) Navigating Raw Milk Regulations (34:40) Nutritional Myths Surrounding Milk (38:34) The Dangers of Raw Milk and Foodborne Illness (40:36) Avian Influenza and Its Impact on Dairy (45:38) Final Thoughts: The Importance of Pasteurization in Public Health Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Sam Scott to explore diabetes, a condition affecting millions globally. The scientists examine different types of diabetes, current management approaches, and technological innovations in diabetes care. They discuss the crucial role of exercise in diabetes management while addressing the everyday challenges faced by individuals living with the condition, offering listeners valuable insights into both traditional and emerging strategies for diabetes care. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro and Understanding Diabetes: A Global Perspective (10:32) Types of Diabetes: Definitions and Differences (20:14) The Role of Exercise in Diabetes Management (30:09) Technology and Diabetes: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (40:11) Final Thoughts: Innovations in Diabetes Care: Enhanced and Community Support Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman welcome Dr. Kristen Panthagani to explore the complex world of the human microbiome. The scientists discuss the fundamental concepts of gut health, examining the roles of beneficial and harmful bacteria, as well as the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics. They investigate the emerging research on the gut-brain connection and its implications for mental health, while addressing the effectiveness of various interventions including dietary changes and supplements. Throughout the conversation, they emphasize the importance of evidence-based approaches to microbiome health and discuss future directions in this rapidly evolving field of research. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (00:20) Introduction to the Microbiome and Its Importance (03:20) Understanding the Microbiome: Definitions and Types (06:21) Good vs. Bad Bacteria: Simplifications and Realities (09:20) Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Antibiotics: Key Differences (12:22) The Role of Diet in Microbiome Health (15:15) The Microbiome's Connection to Health and Disease (18:20) Advancements in Microbiome Research (21:22) The Fluid Nature of the Microbiome (24:09) At-Home Microbiome Testing: Insights and Critiques (25:06) The Importance of Fiber for Gut Health (25:25) Probiotics: Are They Worth It? (30:49) Antibiotics and Their Impact on the Microbiome (32:41) Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis (38:26) Final Thoughts: The Future of Microbiome Research Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Dr. Jessica Steier and Dr. Sarah Scheinman explore a diverse range of current scientific topics, from seasonal illnesses to cutting-edge biotechnology. The scientists discuss the mechanisms behind winter disease outbreaks, particularly focusing on colds and norovirus. They examine recent developments in xenotransplantation and gene editing technology, while also addressing emerging public health concerns such as HMPV and the relationship between alcohol and cancer. The conversation covers innovative medical approaches including psychedelic therapy, offering listeners a comprehensive overview of various contemporary health and scientific developments. All our sources from this episode are available at: https://www.unbiasedscipod.com/episodes/ (00:00) Intro (02:35) Holiday Chaos and New Beginnings (04:45) Exploring Seasonal Illnesses (09:46) The Rise of Norovirus Outbreaks (15:53) Advancements in Xenotransplantation (19:57) Future of Biotechnology and Research (20:51) Xenotransplantation: A New Frontier (22:38) Understanding HMPV and Public Health Concerns (27:27) Psychedelic Therapy: Controversies and Potential (32:32) Final Thoughts: Alcohol and Cancer: A Call for Awareness Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line. PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional. Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance. The information provided herein do not represent the views of our employers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices