What Bitcoin Did

Dr. Roman Yampolskiy is a computer scientist and AI safety researcher whose work explores the existential risks of artificial intelligence and the limits of human control. In this episode, we dive deep into whether superintelligence can be contained, why AI may already be on an unstoppable trajectory, and what that means for humanity’s future. Roman explains the difference between narrow AI, AGI, and superintelligence, and why building systems smarter than us may be a form of mutually assured destruction. We cover the ethics of open-source models, whether AI could ever be conscious, and how Bitcoin fits into a world dominated by intelligent machines. In this episode: - Why superintelligence may be impossible to control - The existential risk of AI - Whether consciousness can exist in machines - How AI will replace all human labor - Why AI might eventually use Bitcoin as its native money THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Dr. Roman Yampolskiy: https://x.com/romanyam

Antoine Poinsot is a Bitcoin Core contributor and researcher at Chaincode Labs. In this episode, we dive deep into the growing divide between Bitcoin Core and Knots, why mistrust in Core development has reached new levels, and what the v30 policy changes really mean for the future of Bitcoin. Antoine explains the history behind the OP_RETURN controversy, how “spam” and arbitrary data affect the UTXO set, and why multiple implementations like Knots may be both a strength and a serious risk to the network. We also cover Core’s security-disclosure process, how decisions are actually made inside the project, and whether Bitcoin should ossify or continue to evolve. In this episode: - The Core vs Knots debate - Spam, inscriptions, and the limits of filtering policy - UTXO bloat, miner incentives, and decentralisation risks - Why unreviewed Knots code could become a systemic threat - How Core handles policy vs consensus changes THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Antoine Poinsot: https://x.com/darosior

Peter Dunworth is the Director of a multi-family office and is the co-founder of The Bitcoin Adviser. In this episode, we dive into why Bitcoin is the ultimate vehicle for generational wealth, how to actually protect it across jurisdictions, and why collateral, not debt, is the real story of global finance. We get into why Bitcoin could underpin the collateral markets, how hyperbitcoinisation might play out both personally and globally, and why coexistence with fiat may last much longer than many expect. Peter explains how capital protected Bitcoin bonds could revolutionise sovereign debt, why the financialization of Bitcoin by Wall Street may actually be a net positive. In this episode: - Why 1 BTC could soon be generational wealth - The challenges of preserving wealth - Bitcoin as the foundation of collateral markets - The case for Bitcoin bonds - How Wall Street will financialize Bitcoin - Coexistence of Bitcoin and fiat THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Peter Dunworth: https://x.com/PeterBTCAdviser

Checkmate is an on-chain analyst and founder of Checkonchain, Joe Carlasare is a Commercial Litigator and macro commentator & Matthew Pines is the Executive Director at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. They explain why the four-year cycle may finally be dead, how ETFs and institutional flows are reshaping Bitcoin’s volatility, and why 95K has become a critical “Hodler’s Wall.” We get into gold’s resurgence and how central bank accumulation signals a structural shift in global finance, and how fiscal dominance is eroding the Fed’s independence. The roundtable also dives into the politics of debt, the prospect of yield curve control, and the AI-driven capex boom that could both fuel growth and deepen inequality. In this episode: - The end of the four-year cycle - ETFs, flows, and the new volatility profile of Bitcoin - The Federal Reserve & fiscal dominance - AI & the future of productivity THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Checkmate: https://x.com/_Checkmatey_ Joe Carlasare: https://x.com/JoeCarlasare Matthew Pines: https://x.com/matthew_pines

Samson Mow is the CEO of JAN3 and former CSO at Blockstream. In this episode, we get into the growing rift between Bitcoin Core and Knots, why mistrust in Core development is at an all-time high, and what it means for the future of the network. We discuss the battle over spam and data storage on-chain, whether Bitcoin should ossify or adapt, and how governance really works in Bitcoin. Samson breaks down why the UTXO set could become a systemic risk, how mempool fragmentation is reshaping the network, and why multiple implementations of Bitcoin may be both a blessing and a curse. In this episode: - The origins of the Core vs. Knots debate - Spam, filters, and the slippery slope of arbitrary data on Bitcoin - UTXO bloat, miner incentives, and decentralization risks - How nation-state adoption may trigger the suddenly moment for Bitcoin THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Samson Mow: https://x.com/Excellion

Brandon Quittem is a the Author of The Mycelium of Money and VP at Swan. In this episode, we discuss the fourth turning, how history’s generational cycles shape today’s political chaos, and why Bitcoin could be the institution that emerges from the wreckage of a failing system. We explore the death of monoculture, the erosion of trust in institutions, and whether the coming crisis ends in war, civil unrest, or a re-founding of the American republic. Brandon also breaks down how generational archetypes repeat across history, why social cohesion feels impossible in the algorithmic age, and how Bitcoiners can help reshape the world. In this episode: - The Fourth Turning framework and why 2008 was the catalyst - Loss of faith in institutions and the rise of political nihilism - Monoculture, social fragmentation, and the crisis of identity - Why every Fourth Turning ends in war - How Bitcoin could serve as the foundation for the next era THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Brandon Quittem: https://x.com/bquittem

Lawrence Lepard is an Investment Manager and Author of The Big Print. In this episode, he explains why the dollar system is “doomed,” how inflation is as much psychological as monetary, and why the Fed and Treasury are now trapped in a cycle of money printing and yield curve control. We explore why America may already be in a “fourth turning,” how gold’s surge signals a repricing of trust, and why Bitcoin is the ultimate escape hatch in a world of policy failure and political decay. Lepard also explains how U.S. intelligence agencies are using it to study hyperinflation as an existential risk, and why he’s convinced Bitcoin will hit $1 million. In this episode: - The Fed and the trap of yield curve control - The risk of inflation - Gold’s surge, Bitcoin’s inevitability, and the repricing of trust - Why America may be entering a “fourth turning” THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Lawrence Lepard: https://x.com/lawrencelepard The Fed's Third Mandate (TFTC Article): https://www.tftc.io/the-feds-third-mandate-the-looming-credit-crisis-and-bitcoin/

Pete Rizzo breaks down how Bitcoin’s culture and institutions are being reshaped in 2025. From Trump’s executive orders and the creation of a strategic Bitcoin reserve to the rise of treasury companies and institutional adoption, we explore why this cycle feels different — and why that may not be entirely bullish for freedom money. We get into the shifting monocultures of Bitcoin, from grassroots self-custody to Saylor's vision. Rizzo explains why treasury companies must prove they can outperform Bitcoin itself and the risks if hundreds of them collapse in the next bear market. In this episode: - How institutions are changing Bitcoin adoption - Trump, strategic reserves & Bitcoin policy - The cultural shift in Bitcoin - Why treasury companies may struggle to survive - The next phase of Bitcoin culture THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Pete Rizzo: https://x.com/pete_rizzo_

Freddie New unpacks why the next wave of Bitcoin treasury companies could change the game, and why his new venture, B Hodl, is designed to be more than just another balance sheet play. From Lightning Network infrastructure and UK policy battles to raising fresh capital without leverage, Freddie explains how Bitcoin-only businesses can scale sustainably while strengthening the network itself. We dig into why so many treasury companies risk collapse in a bear market, how B Hodl is structured to avoid forced selling, and why the UK urgently needs a strong Bitcoin voice in both finance and politics. Freddie also explores why institutions will eventually be forced to hold Bitcoin, how mNAV multiples shape valuations, and why every treasury company needs to prove it’s building real infrastructure, not just stacking sats. In this episode: - Why B Hodl is more than a Bitcoin treasury company - How Lightning node operations create real Bitcoin-denominated revenue - Why avoiding leverage is key to long-term survival - Why every company will one day hold Bitcoin on their balance sheet THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Freddie New: Freddie New: https://x.com/freddienew

James Lavish unpacks why the Federal Reserve, runaway debt, and global liquidity cycles are setting the stage for Bitcoin’s next explosive move. From stagflation and deficits to institutional rebalancing and treasury companies, James explains why Bitcoin is unlike any asset the Fed can control. We dig into why policymakers are trapped between inflation and recession, how trillions in debt force them to keep the Ponzi going, and why every rate cut is bullish for Bitcoin. James also explores the role of Black Swan events, how institutions dampen volatility while driving adoption, and why neutral, permissionless money is the only escape from today’s broken system. In this episode: - Are we heading for stagflation? - How $324T in global debt guarantees more money printing - The rise of treasury companies and institutional rebalancing - Why global liquidity is the key signal for Bitcoin’s price - What a Fed cornered by inflation means for the future of money THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny James Lavish: https://x.com/jameslavish

Eric Yakes lays out why Bitcoin is on track for $10 million, and how cultural shifts, institutional adoption, and political realities are accelerating the path. From revolutions and mass movements to balance sheets and BlackRock ETFs, Eric explains why Bitcoin is unlike any other asset in financial history. We get into why qualitative forces - belief, culture, and narrative - drive Bitcoin’s price as much as math, how the rise of treasury companies and governments adopting Bitcoin could fundamentally change markets, and why neutral, permissionless money is the escape valve from today’s credit-driven system. Eric also explores what a $10M Bitcoin world might look like: from time preference shifts and new architecture to political legitimacy and global strategic reserves. In this episode: - Why Eric believes Bitcoin can reach $10M within a decade - How revolutions explain Bitcoin’s cultural momentum - The role of ETFs, treasury companies, and government reserves - Why narratives, not fundamentals, move markets - How neutral money could restructure capitalism and society - What a $10M Bitcoin world means for time preference, politics, and the future THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Eric Yakes: https://x.com/ericyakes

John Scott-Railton dives into the dark world of spyware, surveillance, and state power — and what it means for our freedoms in the digital age. From uncovering Pegasus spyware in 2016 to exposing private intelligence firms like Black Cube, John explains how governments, corporations, and authoritarian regimes exploit our phones and data to control narratives and suppress dissent. We discuss how spyware has evolved from phishing texts to zero-click exploits, the chilling stories of journalists and dissidents targeted, and why even democracies are sliding into mass surveillance under the guise of “safety.” John also warns about the next frontier: AI supercharging surveillance, corporate data brokers selling your life by the byte, and if Bitcoin faces the same creeping panopticon risks if incentives aren’t carefully guarded. In this episode: - The rise of mercenary spyware like Pegasus - How the state abuses surveillance tech - The role of corporate surveillance and data brokers - AI’s potential to supercharge surveillance - If Bitcoin could face the same panopticon dynamics THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny John Scott-Railton: https://x.com/jsrailton

Vijay Selvam digs into the first principles of Bitcoin, why it matters, how it works, and what makes it the greatest tool against authoritarian states. From his background on Wall Street during the 2008 financial crisis to writing Principles of Bitcoin, Vijay explains why digital scarcity is a paradigm-shifting invention and why separating money from the state may be one of the most important moments in human history. We explore why narratives like “digital gold” are both useful and limiting, how Bitcoin embodies Enlightenment values of decentralization, and why its real political and philosophical implications go far beyond finance. Vijay also shares why the greatest threats to Bitcoin come from within, and how Bitcoin serves as both a mirror and a peaceful revolution for humanity. In this episode: - The 2008 financial crisis and discovering Bitcoin - Digital scarcity and the core innovation of Bitcoin - Separation of money and state vs. church and state - Narratives: digital gold, freedom money, and beyond - Bitcoin’s political and philosophical ramifications - Why Bitcoin is a mirror that forces self-reflection THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Vijay Selvam: https://x.com/VijaySelvamXO

Rod Roudi gets into the convergence of Bitcoin, AI, energy, and freedom tech — and why grassroots adoption matters just as much as corporate treasury plays. From the rise of Bitcoin meetups and physical hubs like Bitcoin Park to the explosive growth of mining innovation, Rod makes the case that open-source tools and community-driven education are the foundations of Bitcoin’s future. We discuss how Bitcoin Park solo-mined a block against one-in-a-thousand odds, and why home-grown projects like BitAxe and miner-powered heating systems are reshaping the mining landscape. Rod also shares how he uses AI in his own workflows, what the future of education might look like for his kids, and why entrepreneurial grit will matter more than credentials in the age of automation. In this episode: - The rise of grassroots Bitcoin communities and meetups - Solo-mining a block live - Mining decentralisation - The convergence of Bitcoin, AI, and energy THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Rod Roudi: https://x.com/bitkite Imagine IF: https://bitcoinpark.com/imagineif Bitcoin Park: https://bitcoinpark.com/

American HODL & Steven Lubka get into the rise of Bitcoin treasury companies, unpacking how securitisation, jurisdictional arbitrage, and corporate leverage are shaping the next phase of Bitcoin’s financialisation. We discuss whether this new wave of Bitcoin-wrapped equities is a healthy Bitcoin on-ramp or just a speculative bubble, and what happens to these companies in a bear market. Steven breaks down Nakamoto’s strategy, from running higher leverage to building a global network of local vehicles and using M&A to accumulate Bitcoin at scale. We get into the “Paper Bitcoin Summer” thesis, the morality of treasury cos, if they are just another form of shitcoining, or a necessary step to embed Bitcoin into public markets and give millions passive exposure? In this episode: - The playbook for Bitcoin treasury companies - Why size, leverage, and jurisdiction matter for survival - MNAVs, premiums, and the risk in a bear market - The morality of treasury companies THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny American HODL: https://primal.net/hodl Steven Lubka: https://x.com/dzambhalahodl

Willy Woo gets into Bitcoin’s evolving market structure, breaking down how institutional flows, ETFs, and treasury companies are reshaping the bull market. He explains why Bitcoin has never faced a true business cycle downturn, why 2026 could be the first real test, and how liquidity waves set the rhythm for both blow-off tops and brutal bear markets. He unpacks the mechanics of Strategy's debt model versus MetaPlanet’s synthetic leverage, how ETFs are smoothing inflows and dampening volatility, and why premiums to NAV create both opportunity and risk. Willy also zooms out to the thousand-year arc of money, showing why fiat is a short-lived social consensus ledger and Bitcoin is destined to be the next energy-secured system of value. In this episode: - How ETFs are changing Bitcoin’s price dynamics - Premiums to NAV, synthetic leverage, and liquidation risk - Why treasury companies could amplify the next bear market - Liquidity cycles and business downturns - ESG, BlackRock, and the shift in institutional adoption - The transition from gold and fiat to Bitcoin THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/\\\\\\\_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Willy Woo: https://x.com/woonomic

Preston Pysh gives us a masterclass on Bitcoin treasury companies, unpacking the mechanics behind Michael Saylor’s strategy and why it has outperformed Bitcoin since 2020. He explains how preferred stock and convertible debt are being engineered to funnel Bitcoin onto balance sheets, why the unraveling of the fixed-income market is the hidden fuel behind this model, and the risks investors face in treating treasury companies as a proxy for holding Bitcoin. Preston gets into the accounting controversies around MicroStrategy, the looming threat of government nationalisation, and why self-custody Bitcoin is the ultimate safeguard. In this episode: - Why self-custody Bitcoin is important - How preferred stock and convertible debt power treasury growth - The collapse of the 40-year fixed-income bull market - Understanding premiums to NAV and dilution risks - “Ponzi-adjacent” Bitcoin treasuries - Nationalisation and centralisation risks for Bitcoin - Why the STRC issuance may be one of the most brilliant financial products ever designed THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/\\\_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Preston Pysh: https://x.com/prestonpysh or https://primal.net/preston

In this episode, Peter breaks down his five-year legal battle with Craig Wright, how UK libel laws were weaponised against him, and the moment the case finally turned in his favour. We also get into his fight to save Bedford, and why running businesses there changed his political view, how government policy makes entrepreneurship harder, and turning to private solutions because of the failure of the state. In this episode: - Craig Wright’s lawsuits and the UK libel system - The real impact of government policy - The mission to save Bedford THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/\\\_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Peter McCormack: https://x.com/PeterMcCormack

Calle gets into into the future of financial and communication privacy, exploring how tools like Cashu and BitChat could help Bitcoiners survive in an increasingly hostile regulatory environment. He breaks down why privacy is essential for democracy, the lessons from the original Crypto Wars, and how eCash can offer near-perfect transaction privacy. Calle explains the history behind David Chaum’s invention, the trade-offs Bitcoin made for auditability, and why eCash mints could be run by communities for both Lightning payments and private internet services. As well as BitChat as a censorship-resistant messenger and the growing legal risks faced by privacy developers. In this episode: - Why financial privacy is as important as free speech - Lessons from the Crypto Wars 1.0 - How Chaumian eCash works and why it’s unmatched for privacy - Offline payments and tap-to-pay Bitcoin - The risks and pressures facing privacy developers today THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/\\\_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Calle: https://x.com/callebtc or https://primal.net/calle

Lyn Alden and Andy Constan go deep on Bitcoin treasury companies like Strategy, debating whether they’re outright Ponzi schemes or legitimate vehicles for leveraged Bitcoin exposure. We dig into how these companies actually generate returns, why premiums to NAV exist, and the conditions that could cause the model to unravel. Lyn lays out her cautiously bullish case for well-run treasuries, while Andy argues the structure depends on new capital in ways that can’t last forever. In this episode: - What makes a Bitcoin treasury company different from an ETF - Why premiums to NAV exist - How Strategy’s capital structure works - Whether treasury companies can generate income without selling Bitcoin - The “Ponzi-adjacent” problem THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS: IREN RIVER ANCHORWATCH BLOCKWARE LEDN BITKEY Follow: Danny Knowles: https://x.com/\_DannyKnowles or https://primal.net/danny Lyn Alden: https://x.com/LynAldenContact Andy Constan: https://x.com/dampedspring