Three minutes isn't nearly long enough to talk about the rune data type
in Go, but I tried anyway.
Here are some good resources related to character encoding and memory
allocation:
The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively
Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!) by Joel Spolsky (http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html)
Strings, bytes, runes and characters in Go (http://blog.golang.org/strings)
Rune literals in the Go spec (https://golang.org/ref/spec#Rune_literals)
Things I didn't cover:
* Why does byte alias an unsigned integer (uint8), but rune aliases a signed integer (int32)? Turns out if you ask that in the Go Google Group, they get a bit annoyed (https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/golang-nuts/d3_GPK8bwBg).
Edit
At about 2:10, I say, "When it gets more complicated is when you need to represent multi-characters [sic]." I misspoke, and meant to say multibyte characters.