2 Complicated 4 History

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Paul Cooper, a podcaster and author who examines the rise and fall of civilizations throughout history. What led to the ultimate collapse of previously successful civilizations, and are we making any of those same mistakes today? TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 4:01 - The Inception of The Fall of Civilizations Podcast 6:56 - How Do You Define A Civilization? 7:54 - Paul’s Style of Presenting History 13:25 - How Paul Found Himself in Saddam Hussein’s Palace 16:05 - Babylon Reimagined Through History 18:12 - Finding Materials for the Next Episode 21:13 - Choosing What to Include  27:26 - Production Challenges and his Process 28:37 - The Book vs The Podcast 30:34 - How Can We Make History More Engaging 35:54 - How Paul Got Into History 40:20 - Paul’s Favorite Archive Story 45:31 - Why Something Didn’t Make It into the Book 47:29 - The Value of Studying History 57:08 - History is Not Linear 1:02:11 - Favorite Apocalypse  EPISODE LINKS: Paul M.M. Cooper - https://www.paulmmcooper.com Fall of Civilizations: Stories of Greatness and Decline - https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/fall-of-civilizations-stories-of-greatness-and-decline-paul-cooper/7592286?ean=9780715655009 YouTube Channel - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR7yrLMHm11Xv2FOeHtuhern2tYm_Yd0H&feature=shared Byzantine Empire - https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire Babylonia - https://www.britannica.com/place/Babylonia British Library - https://www.bl.uk Mesopotamia – https://www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-region-Asia Assyria - https://www.britannica.com/place/Assyria Inca - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Inca Twitter - @PaulMMCooper Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/r/FallofCivilizations/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Description: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Jim Gray, the great-grandson of Henry Roan who was murdered in the Reign of Terror as depicted in the movie “The Killers of the Flower Moon.” A former Osage chief, Gray offers his unique perspective of Native history, Hollywood portrayals of Indigenous peoples, his personal connection to a painful and understudied time in the history of the United States, and the ultimate triumph of the Osage people. Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Historical Overview and Jim’s Perspective 7:38 - Allotment, Oil and Guadianships 13:29 - Restricted vs Unrestricted Allotments 17:00 - Osage Control, Tribal Governments and Boarding Schools 20:26 - How the Osage Viewed Allotments 22:01 - Henry Roan’s Legacy 33:02 - The Film’s Original Script and an Osage Dinner with Martin Scorsesse  46:11 - The Wedding Scene and Robert DeNiro Speaking Osage 53:11 - Living In Both Worlds…Even Today 57:58 - Jim’s Time as Chief 1:04:21 - Closing Thoughts and The Future of the Osage EPISODE LINKS: Osage Nation - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov Killers of the Flower Moon (Movie)- https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5537002/ Killers of the Flower Moon (Book) - https://www.davidgrann.com/books/#killers-of-the-flower-moon Osage Primary Sources - https://www.archivesfoundation.org/newsletter/this-actually-happened/ Henry Roan - https://nativenewsonline.net/arts-entertainment/margo-gray-writes-a-poignant-letter-to-her-great-grandfather-one-of-the-murder-victims-portrayed-in-killers-of-the-flower-moon The Osage "Reign of Terror" Murder Trials: An Account - https://www.famous-trials.com/osage-home/2378-the-osage-reign-of-terror-murder-trials-an-account Osage Culture - https://www.osageculture.com/culture/multimedia-collections Osage Oil Money - https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523964584/in-the-1920s-a-community-conspired-to-kill-native-americans-for-their-oil-money 1906 Osage Allotment Act - https://www.osagenation-nsn.gov/news-events/news/osage-minerals-council-seeks-federal-legislation-facilitating-return-osage#:~:text=In%201906%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Congress,the%20Interior%20to%20create%20a Native American Boarding Schools - https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/boarding-schools/ Deb Haaland - https://www.doi.gov/secretary-deb-haaland Major Crimes Act - https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/legal-and-ethical-foundations-for-sane-practice/tribal-law/#:~:text=The%20Major%20Crimes%20Act%2C%2018,%2C%20most%20sexual%20offenses%2C%20etc. How the Osage Changed Martin Scorsese’s Mind - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-osage-changed-martin-scorseses-mind-180983094/ Osage Language - https://www.osageculture.com/language Twitter - @JimGrayTweetz PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Michael Cullinane to discuss naming historical eras, the first modern president, influence as power, and third party politics. Has politics changed much in the last 120 years? Or at all? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:28 - What is the Gilded Age and The Progressive Era 7:40 - Theodore Roosevelt, How he defined the Age and What Progressive Meant 11:22 - Theodore Roosevelt Modernizing The Office 23:19 - Theodore Roosevelt Shaping the National Narrative 24:52 - Theodore Roosevelt's Tennis Cabinet 32:37 - Third Parties and the Bull Moose Party 40:30 - What Did TR Think of Wilson? 42:07 - Will a Third Party Ever Arise? 46:49 - We Have Been Here Before & TR’s Legacy 53:15 - Favorite TR's Story and the Historical Sites to Visit! Professor of U.S. History and the Lowman Walton Chair of Theodore Roosevelt Studies at Dickinson State University in North Dakota. Website - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com The Gilded Age and Progressive Era Podcast - https://www.michaelpatrickcullinane.com/podcast Remembering Theodore Roosevelt: Reminiscences of His Contemporaries - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-69296-4 Theodore Roosevelt's Ghost: The History and Memory of an American Icon - https://lsupress.org/9780807166727/ “Gild the Lily” - https://www.merriam-webster.com/word-of-the-day/gild%20the%20lily-2008-04-04 Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/learn/historyculture/theodorerooseveltsr.htm Franklin D. Roosevelt – https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/franklin-d-roosevelt/ William McKinley - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-mckinley/ Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War - https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-theodore-roosevelt-rough-riders/introduction Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin/On-the-Origin-of-Species TR’s Tennis Cabinet - https://www.loc.gov/item/2013650863/ Bull Moose Party - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bull-Moose-Party William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Woodrow Wilson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/ Eugene V. Debs - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-V-Debs History of the Teddy Bear - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/history-teddy-bear-once-seen-dangerous-influence-young-children-180983234/ TR Birthplace in Manhattan - https://www.nps.gov/thrb/index.htm TR Island near D.C. - https://www.nps.gov/this/index.htm Sagamore Hill, Home of TR - https://www.nps.gov/sahi/index.htm TR Presidential Library (2026) - https://www.trlibrary.com Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University - https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

EPISODE DESCRIPTION: Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by George Washington’s Mount Vernon’s Dr. Douglas Bradburn to discuss the events that culminated in the Constitutional Convention and the ratification of the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation created a weak and loose connection among the states. Rather than amending them, the founders threw them out and imagined a new, stronger federal government. Do we understand the document in the same way today as its composers did in the eighteenth century? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:25 - The Articles of Confederation Explained 7:22 - What is The Critical Period 10:41 - The Origins of the US as a Confederation 12:16 - The American Revolution vs the Dutch Revolt 13:32 - The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation 19:28 - The Impact of the Northwest Ordinance 24:16 - How we Amended The Articles of Confederation 27:10 - How did we get to the Constitutional Convention 36:35 - What Happened at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 39:47 - The Executive Explained 51:57 - How They Changed the Constitution 55:17 - What is Nullification 1:04:38 - An Imperfect Solution to Governing EPISODE LINKS: George Washington’s Mount Vernon - https://www.mountvernon.org Articles of Confederation - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/articles-of-confederation Continental Congress – https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/continental-congress#:~:text=The%20Continental%20Congress%20was%20the,years%20of%20the%20American%20Revolution. Richard Henry Lee’s Resolution – https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/lee-resolution Declaration of Independence - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/ The “Critical Period” - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5655/#:~:text=The%20%22Critical%20Period%22%20of%20American,or%20the%20worst%20of%20times. A Revolutionary Wave: Dutch and American Patriots in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World - https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wd94067 The Northwest Ordinance - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/northwest-ordinance#:~:text=The%20Northwest%20Ordinance%20chartered%20a,rights%20guaranteed%20in%20the%20territory. The Potomac Company - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-potomac-company/ The Virginia Plan - https://www.senate.gov/civics/common/generic/Virginia_Plan_item.htm#:~:text=Introduced%20to%20the%20Constitutional%20Convention,of%20Representatives)%20with%20proportional%20representation. The Return of George Washington by Edward Larson - https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-return-of-george-washington-edward-j-larson?variant=32207581020194 The Whiskey Rebellion - https://www.britannica.com/event/Whiskey-Rebellion Representation Debate in the Constitutional Convention - https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/senate-and-constitution/equal-state-representation.htm#:~:text=During%20the%20summer%20of%201787,in%20the%20House%20of%20Representatives. Bill of Rights - https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/bill-of-rights/what-does-it-say#:~:text=The%20Bill%20of%20Rights%20is,speech%2C%20press%2C%20and%20religion. Nullification of Federal Laws - https://www.britannica.com/topic/nullification-crisis Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - https://www.britannica.com/event/Virginia-and-Kentucky-Resolutions SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Lorri Glover, an expert on a little-known woman entrepreneur of the eighteenth century. She had “schemes,” negotiated with men, made a fortune, and still fulfilled the era’s ideal of a mother and a woman. Why don’t we know more about her? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro 1:22 - Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney 3:25 - Eliza's Upbringing and Sense of Self 5:56 - Absentee Landholders 6:57 - How Lorri Found Eliza and the Primary Sources She Used 11:42 - The Importance of Digital Humanities 14:17 - Eliza Developing Schemes 19:17 - The Dangers of Sugar Production And Eliza's View on Slavery 24:52 - Taking Over the Plantations 28:47 - Was Eliza a Typical Woman 32:52 - Indigo and Eliza’s Entrepreneurial Spirit 40:09 - Eliza's Marriage and Loss 45:18 - Eliza's Connection to London and Becoming a Patriot 48:22 - A Model of the Plantar Patriarch 52:01 - Favorite Eliza Story 54:36 - Eliza as a Religious Woman 57:55 - Who is Daniel Park 1:05:22 - Exploring Eliza’s Legacy: Historical Sites in South Carolina EPISODE LINKS: Lorri Glover, PhD - https://www.slu.edu/arts-and-sciences/history/faculty/glover-lorri.php Eliza Lucas Pinckney: An Independent Woman in the Age of Revolution - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300236118/eliza-lucas-pinckney/ Eliza Lucas Pinckney, Letters & Memoranda, 1740-1762 - https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/becomingamer/peoples/text5/elizapinckney.pdf Antigua - https://www.britannica.com/summary/Antigua-and-Barbuda George Washington's Barbados Diary, 1751-52 - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5139/ All Our Relations: Blood Ties and Emotional Bonds Among the Early South Carolina Gentry - https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/89/1/207/689079 The Letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739-1762 - https://uscpress.com/The-Letterbook-of-Eliza-Lucas-Pinckney-1739-1762 The Papers of Eliza Lucas Pinckney and Harriott Pinckney Horry - https://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/PinckneyHorry/ The Papers of the Revolutionary Era Pinckney Statesmen - https://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/PNKY.html “Conservation Complete for the Eliza Lucas Pinckney Gown” – https://www.charlestonmuseum.org/news-events/conservation-complete-for-the-eliza-lucas-pinckney-gown/ The Charleston Museum - https://www.charlestonmuseum.org Stono Rebellion - https://www.britannica.com/topic/insurrection-politics The Great Awakening - https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Awakening Indigo in South Carolina - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/indigo-making-comeback-south-carolina-180980987/ Charles Pinckney - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Pinckney Daniel Parke - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/parke-daniel-1669-1710/ John Custis IV gravestone - https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/30234605/john-custis Hampton Plantation - https://south-carolina-plantations.com/charleston/hampton.html Rainbow Row, Charleston, S.C. - https://charleston.com/charleston-insider/lowcountry-lifestyles/the-captivating-history-of-rainbow-row Thomas Pinckney Home - https://charleston.com/charleston-insider/diary-of-a-charleston-tour-guide/114-broad-street-colonel-thomas-pinckney-house PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by Dr. Diego Javier Luis to discuss the first Asians in the Americas as part of Pacific World history. Free and unfree migration, six months of treacherous travel, and cultural uprooting defines the Asian experience in the Spanish Americas. Who were these emigrants, and what happened when they arrived in their new world? Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia TRANSCRIPT: coming soon  OUTLINE: 1:13 - Brief Description of the Book 2:43 - The Terminology and the Word “Chino” 9:29 - A Primary Source Nightmare 15:11 - Contextualizing the Time 18:10 - How Did People End Up on These Ships? Free and Forced Migration 26:28 - Why Isn’t This History More Emphasized? 30:31 - Cultural versus Assigned Identity – Racializing “Asians” 37:45 - The Structures within Spanish Colonial Society 44:36 - Chino Emancipation and Similarities to the Atlantic Slave Trade 48:57 - What You Need to Know about the Spanish Inquisition 53:51 - Catarina de San Juan EPISODE LINKS: Diego Javier Luis - https://as.tufts.edu/history/people/faculty/diego-luis The First Asians in the Americas: A Transpacific History - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674271784 Inquisition - https://www.britannica.com/topic/inquisition Manila Galleons - https://www.britannica.com/technology/Manila-galleon Atlantic World - https://history.illinois.edu/atlantic-world Ethnolinguistics - https://www.britannica.com/science/ethnolinguistics History of Pampagna - https://www.tagaloglang.com/history-of-pampanga Caste And Class Structure In Colonial Spanish America - https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/caste-and-class-structure-colonial-spanish-america Catarina de San Juan - https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/one-womans-journey-from-south-asia-to-mexico-and-from-slave-to-spiritual-icon/ The Conversation - https://theconversation.com/profiles/diego-javier-luis-1475619 Aeon magazine - https://aeon.co/users/diego-javier-luis Smithsonian Folklife - https://folklife.si.edu/magazine/asian-history-oregon-no-no-boy-1603 New Podcast – TBD!  PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH SOCIAL: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/2c4h_Podcast - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

George Washington remains a presence in many sites across the United States, reflecting not only the past but who we are today. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and archaeologist Philip Levy to examine the history, memory, and myths that surround the nation’s first founding father. Relevant Links: The Permanent Resident: Excavations and Explorations of George Washington’s Life by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5491/ George Washington’s Mount Vernon – https://www.mountvernon.org Ferry Farm - https://kenmore.org Mason Locke Weems - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mason-Locke-Weems Cherry Tree Myth - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/cherry-tree-myth/ Benson Lossing - https://www.library.illinois.edu/rbx/2015/02/20/benson-lossing-artist-historian-author/ George Washington Birthplace - https://www.nps.gov/gewa/index.htm History and Memory - https://commonplace.online/article/historians-and-memory/#:~:text=owned%2C%20history%20interpreted.-,Memory%20is%20passed%20down%20through%20generations%3B%20history%20is%20revised.,contexts%20in%20all%20their%20complexity. Wig Curlers - https://livesandlegaciesblog.org/2017/09/22/how-many-curlers-did-a-harried-hairdresser-need-lets-do-the-math/ Betty Washington Lewis - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/11535hpr-a6fe6bc9be77d33/ Mary Ball Washington - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/mary-ball-washington/ Yard Birds: The Lives and Times of America’s Urban Chickens by Philip Levy - https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5315/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the eighteenth century, native Americans were involved in a global trade network with Britain, France, and Spain on the North American continent. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historical interpreter Beau Robbins to discuss power structures, trade relations, and the economy in colonial America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: www.BeauRobbins.com http://www.thefounderslive.com History of Florida - https://dos.fl.gov/florida-facts/florida-history/ Westward expansion - https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-westward-expansion/# Seven Years War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War Yamasee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Yamasee-War Cherokee War - https://www.britannica.com/event/Cherokee-wars-and-treaties Seminole Wars - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seminole-Wars Red Cloud’s War - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Red-Clouds-War Alexander McGillivray - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-McGillivray 1790 Treaty of New York - https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/treaty-of-new-york-1790/ Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815 by Kathryn Braund - https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska-paperback/9780803218567/ Okfuskee: A Creek Indian Town in Colonial America by Joshua Piker - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674022539 The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier, 1716-1815 by Amos J. Wright - https://ugapress.org/book/9781603060141/the-mcgillivray-and-mcintosh-traders/ McGillivray of the Creeks by John Walton Caughey - https://uscpress.com/McGillivray-of-the-Creeks Lachlan McGillivray, Indian Trader: The Shaping of the Southern Colonial Frontier by Edward J. Cashin - https://ugapress.org/book/9780820340937/lachlan-mcgillivray-indian-trader/ James Monroe’s Highland - https://highland.org Hanover County - https://www.hanoverhistorical.org/history.html Hanover Tavern - https://www.roadtorevolution.com/hanover-tavern/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In the American Civil War, the North and the South battled to create their own versions of a free nation. But who were the individuals in uniform, fighting and dying for their side? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome historian and author Kevin M. Levin as he explains why it has long been believed that black soldiers fought for the South, and why that story is nothing more than a myth. Kevin M. Levin Substack, “Civil War Memory” - https://kevinmlevin.substack.com Kevin M. Levin Website – https://cwmemory.com Searching for Black Confederates: The Civil War’s Most Persistent Myth - https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653266/searching-for-black-confederates/ The Army of Northern Virginia - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/army-of-northern-virginia/ Battle of Gettysburg - https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg Alexander Stephens - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669447/ Library of Congress Digital Collections - https://www.loc.gov/collections/ “Roots” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075572/ “Gone with the Wind” - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031381/ David McCullough - https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/David-McCullough/938 Historiography - https://www.britannica.com/topic/historiography Jefferson Davis - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jefferson-Davis Robert E. Lee - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-E-Lee Dr. Marcus P. Nevius podcast episode - https://open.spotify.com/episode/32PsszLeDLsT7DDCRRC5Er?si=010f470ca3bd46da Robert Gould Shaw - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Gould-Shaw 54th Massachusetts - https://www.nps.gov/articles/54th-massachusetts-regiment.htm To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. But what happened afterward? And how did Lincoln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, play a crucial role? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Steven Walters to discuss his popular podcast 1865 and post-Civil War America. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Steven Walters – https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2389157/bio/ 1865 - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/1865/id1467256065 Abraham Lincoln - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/abraham-lincoln/ John Wilkes Booth – https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wilkes-Booth Edwin Booth - https://npg.si.edu/blog/edwin-booth-accomplished-actor-and-brother-john-wilkes  Lincoln assassination - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Co-conspirators - https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13 Edwin M. Stanton - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edwin-M-Stanton Petersen House - https://www.nps.gov/foth/the-petersen-house.htm Andrew Johnson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-johnson/ 13th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/13th-amendment 14th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/14th-amendment 15th amendment - https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/15th-amendment Reconstruction - https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconstruction-United-States-history Freedmen’s Bureau - https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/FreedmensBureau.htm#:~:text=On%20March%203%2C%201865%2C%20Congress,including%20newly%20freed%20African%20Americans. Mary Surratt - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Surratt The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson - https://www.loc.gov/collections/century-of-lawmaking/articles-and-essays/century-presentations/impeachment/ John Mercer Langston - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/langston-john-mercer-1829-1897/ Airship Podcast Productions - Airship.fm History Daily Podcast - https://www.historydaily.com/ Twitter: @StevenMWalters Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/1865podcast Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Future doctors learn their craft through practice on deceased persons. But what if there aren’t enough bodies to go around? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus welcome Chris Flook to explore the phenomenon of graverobbing in Indianapolis at the turn of the twentieth century for a spooky Halloween episode. Everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Chris Flook - https://www.bsu.edu/academics/collegesanddepartments/media/about-us/faculty-staff/flookchristopher Indianapolis Graverobbing: A Syndicate of Death: https://www.chrisflook.com/text/ Graverobbing Historical Marker - https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=210940 Rufus Cantrell - https://historicindianapolis.com/rufus-cantrell-intruder-in-the-dust/ The Knick - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2937900/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_6_nm_2_q_the%2520knick The Doctors Riot of 1788 - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gory-new-york-city-riot-shaped-american-medicine-180951766/ Dr. Goethe Link - https://dlib.indiana.edu/reference/cshm/ohrc078.html Produced by Primary Source Media (primarysourcemedia.com) To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Is it the government’s job to legislate the social behavior of its citizens? In the Progressive Era, many elites believed that it was, and they created institutions to “fix” noncompliance. Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac Loftus are joined by Dr. Erin Bush to discuss child delinquency and social control at the turn of the twentieth century. Everything 2c4h here. Check out our premium channel with other incredible shows here Produced by Primary Source Media To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

When George Washington was asked to describe himself, one of the first words he used was farmer. Farming was central to Washington’s identity, and enslaved people were central to Washington's farms. Isaac Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins welcome Dr. Bruce Ragsdale to discuss one of the most important, and underexplored, aspects of the life of our first president. Relevant Links: Washington at the Plow: The Founding Farmer and the Question of Slavery by Dr. Bruce Ragsdale - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674246386 Eighteenth-Century Farming - https://www.mountvernon.org/the-estate-gardens/farm/18th-century-farming/ George Washington, the Farmer - https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/farming/ Thomas Jefferson, the Farmer - https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/a-day-in-the-life-of-jefferson/attending-to-my-farm/ Tobacco in Colonial Virginia - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/tobacco-in-colonial-virginia/ George Washington’s Farm Reports - https://crowd-media.loc.gov/cm-uploads/resources/GW_Farm_Reports_Essay_Miller_Mitchell.pdf George Washington and Slavery - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/washington-george-and-slavery/ George Washington’s Last Will and Testament - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0404-0001 Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry by Philip D. Morgan - https://uncpress.org/book/9780807847176/slave-counterpoint/  George Washington to James Anderson, 13 December 1799 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0403-0001 Premium listening at Into History Produced by Primary Source Media To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The name Benedict Arnold has become synonymous with the word traitor. But what role did his wife, Peggy Shippen Arnold, play in the plot to deliver West Point to the British army? Isaac Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins welcome Dr. Charlene Boyer Lewis, who asserts that Peggy deserves a more central role in the infamous spy story. Relevant Links: "America: The Motion Picture" - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6733874/ The Brady Bunch episode where Bobby has to play Benedict Arnold - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0531088/ Joseph Reed - https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/joseph-reed/ Edward Shippen IV - https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shippen-family-philadelphia John Andre - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Andre Joseph Stansbury - https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/stansbury-joseph "The Americans" television show - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2149175/ Fort Clinton (West Point) -  https://www.battlefields.org/visit/heritage-sites/fort-clinton HMS Vulture - https://snr.org.uk/the-case-of-h-m-s-vulture/ Dr. Charlene Boyer-Lewis’ book on Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte - https://shop.mdhistory.org/elizabeth-patterson-bonaparte-an-american-aristocr.html TURN on AMC - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2543328/ Portrayal of John Andre actor - https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0270625/ Where to find Dr. Charlene Boyer Lewis - https://www.kzoo.edu/academic/faculty/profile/clewis/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Gilded Age. You may know it as an era in American history, but beyond that, it remains a mystery. Professor Greg Jackson, host of the podcast History That Doesn’t Suck, explains to Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus why the Gilded Age is actually a fascinating, relevant, and worthwhile area of study, as well as why Theodore Roosevelt was, “the most American American to ever America.” Check out everything 2c4h at 2c4hpod.com Check out our premium content at intohistory.com/2c4h Relevant Links: History That Doesn’t Suck - https://www.htdspodcast.com Night at the Museum - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0477347/ Airship - https://airship.fm Teddy Roosevelt - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/theodore-roosevelt/ J. P. Morgan - https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-P-Morgan Patrick Henry - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry Transcontinental railroad - https://www.loc.gov/collections/railroad-maps-1828-to-1900/articles-and-essays/history-of-railroads-and-maps/the-transcontinental-railroad/ Sears homes - http://www.searsarchives.com/homes/index.htm Gilded Age - https://www.britannica.com/event/Gilded-Age John Quincy Adams - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-quincy-adams/ Andrew Jackson - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/andrew-jackson/ Progressive Era - https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States/The-Progressive-era East India Company - https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/East-India-Company Ellis Island - https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ Andrew Carnegie - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrew-Carnegie William Howard Taft - https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-howard-taft/ Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 18 August 1803, “I infer that the less we say about constitutional difficulties respecting Louisiana the better.” - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-05-02-0343 Instagram - @historythatdoesntsuck Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/historythatdoesntsuck Twitter - @HTDSpod To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Most of us studied the American Revolution in grade school. But what did other nations think about the event? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Bertrand Van Ruymbeke to discuss how the American Revolution influenced the French people, the monarchy, and the future of the French nation Check out our ad free and bonus content over at: https://intohistory.com/2c4h For everything else 2 Complicated 4 History check out: 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: America 2026 - https://www.america2026.eu/  Benjamin Franklin to Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, 22 September 1769 - https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-16-02-0117 Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique - https://dictionnaire-journaux.gazettes18e.fr/journal/0004-affaires-de-langleterre-et-de-lamerique Letters From a Pennsylvania Farmer - https://history.delaware.gov/john-dickinson-plantation/dickinsonletters/pennsylvania-farmer-letters/#:~:text=In%20a%20series%20of%20fourteen,living%20in%20the%20American%20Colonies Denis Diderot - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Denis-Diderot Jean-Jacques Rousseau – https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Rousseau Mapping the Republic of Letters - https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/novemberdecember/feature/mapping-the-republic-letters Elizabeth Willing Powel - https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/elizabeth-willing-powel/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

How did a woman's designation of legal personhood change when she got married in the eighteenth century? And what rights did she lose? Isaac S. Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins welcome historian and scholar Dr. Karin Wulf to discuss women, men, and marriage in the British North American colonies and the early United States. For everything else 2 Complicated 4 History check out 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Dr. Karin Wulf - https://karinwulf.com/ Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia - https://www.pennpress.org/9780812219173/not-all-wives/ The Geography of Slavery in Virginia - http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/gos/ Virginia Freedom Suits - https://data.virginia.gov/Education/Freedom-Suits/9vfm-ate3/data and https://enduringconnections.salisbury.edu/virginia_freedom_suits_library_of_virginia/records Manumission - https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manumission Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic by Dr. Rosemarie Zagarri - https://www.pennpress.org/9780812220735/revolutionary-backlash/ Smithsonian articles by Dr. Wulf - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/author/karin-wulf/ Brown University - https://earlymodernworld.brown.edu/people/karin-wulf Instagram - @vernaculargenealogy and @karin.wulf  Mastodon - kawulf@historians.social Twitter - @kawulf To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

What roles did public and private power take in the creation of the British Empire? Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus welcome Dr. Philip J. Stern to discuss four centuries of corporate power fueling British colonialism and attempt to answer the deceptively simple question, “What is a corporation?” Everything 2 Complicated 4 History at 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Empire, Incorporated: The Corporations That Built British Colonialism - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674988125 The English East India Company at the Height of Mughal Expansion: A Soldier’s Diary of the 1689 Siege of Bombay, with Related Documents - https://cmrs.trinity.duke.edu/books/english-east-india-company-height-mughal-expansion-soldiers-diary-1689-siege-bombay-related The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-company-state-9780195393736?cc=us⟨=en& British East India Company - https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/East-India-Company Frederic William Maitland - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederic-William-Maitland The Virginia Company - https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/virginia-company-of-london/ Newgate Prison - https://www.historic-uk.com/DestinationsUK/Newgate-Prison/ Royal Niger Company - https://www.britannica.com/topic/Royal-Niger-Company Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan - https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/hobbess-leviathan Philip J. Stern at Duke University - https://scholars.duke.edu/person/philip.stern To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Historians have called Alexander Hamilton an abolitionist, and he was portrayed as opposed to slavery in the famous broadway musical. However, when writer Jessie Serfilippi dug into the sources, she discovered a different story. What had been hiding in plain sight all along? For everything for 2 Complicated 4 History check out 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: “AS ODIOUS AND IMMORAL A THING”: Alexander Hamilton’s Hidden History as an Enslaver by Jessie Serfilippi: https://parks.ny.gov/documents/historic-sites/SchuylerMansionAlexanderHamiltonsHiddenHistoryasanEnslaver.pdf Alexander Hamilton, Enslaver? New Research Says Yes: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/arts/alexander-hamilton-enslaver-research.html Serfilippi upended ‘Hero Hamilton’ narrative so those he enslaved ‘could take their place in history’: https://altamontenterprise.com/04202022/serfilippi-upended-hero-hamilton-narrative-so-those-he-enslaved-could-take-their-place New Research Suggests Alexander Hamilton Was a Slave Owner: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/new-research-alexander-hamilton-slave-owner-180976260/ Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site: https://parks.ny.gov/historic-sites/33/details.aspx Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site Blog: http://schuylermansion.blogspot.com/p/home-page_5.html The New York Manumission Society: https://www.nyhistory.org/web/africanfreeschool/history/manumission-society.html Alexander Hamilton Papers at the Library of Congress: https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMferDsc05.xq?_id=loc.mss.eadmss.ms003014&_start=1&_jump=magby240XD.ms003014.mss24612.0766 Jessie on Twitter: @Utterly_Jessie Schuyler Mansion on Twitter: @SchuylerMansion On Instagram: schuylermansion To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Ever heard a story of someone being hit on the head at a bar and ending up on a British naval vessel? Dr. Denver Brunsman studies the process in between! He joins Isaac S. Loftus and Dr. Lynn Price Robbins to discuss impressment gangs and privateers—in other words, legal pirates in the eighteenth century. It’s another world on the water. For everything 2 Complicated 4 History check out 2c4hpod.com Relevant Links: Dr. Denver Brunsman, The Evil Necessity: British Naval Impressment in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World – https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/3575/ Privateers – https://www.britannica.com/story/pirates-privateers-corsairs-buccaneers-whats-the-difference Pirates – https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/golden-age-piracy Press Gangs – https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/yourcountry/overview/pressgangs-/ British Navigation Acts – https://www.britannica.com/event/Navigation-Acts Captain Phillips – https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1535109/ Royal Ships – https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/rated-navy-ships-17th-19th-centuries HMS Savage – https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/h-m-s-savage/ Pax Britannica – https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Pax%20Britannica#:~:text=%3A%20British%20peace,to%20which%20Britain%27s%20power%20extended Pirates vs. Press Gangs: The Battle for the Atlantic by Denver Brunsman – https://www.redalyc.org/journal/2210/221065057004/html/ Denver Brunsman Talk: Pirates, Privateers, and Press Gangs in the Early Modern Atlantic (November 2015) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8-JLbUb8dg To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices