The Unfolding Thought Podcast

Science needs weirdos. Are we filtering them out? In this episode of The Unfolding Thought Podcast, Eric talks with experimental psychologist Adam Mastroianni, author of Experimental History, about why discovery is so difficult and why making research more predictable may make breakthroughs less likely. His forthcoming book, The Strangest Idea in the World, asks why humanity took so long to discover things that now seem obvious. Adam challenges the idea that we found the easy answers first and only the hard problems remain. He argues that our minds often hide what we don't understand. We mistake knowing what will happen for knowing why it happens. The illusion of explanatory depth helps explain why a satisfying story can stop us from asking a better question. That problem extends into institutions. Adam describes how academic career paths and funding decisions can favor familiar ideas and standardized researchers. Demanding proof that a project will succeed before funding it may exclude the very work capable of surprising us. He explains why science is a "strong-link problem": a few extraordinary discoveries can matter far more than improving the average project. Eric and Adam discuss productive weirdness, intellectual conformity, and the difference between genuine curiosity and simply wanting to be right. The conversation also touches on the illusion of moral decline, why conversations don't end when people want them to, and whether AI can overcome bottlenecks that begin with not knowing which questions to ask. Topics Discussed and Questions Answered * Why do seemingly obvious discoveries take so long? * Do we discover ideas in order from easy to hard? * What is the illusion of explanatory depth? * Why can familiarity feel like understanding? * How do academic incentives discourage unconventional research? * What makes science a strong-link problem? * How can we distinguish productive weirdness from crankery? * Can AI solve problems we haven't learned to ask about? * What is the illusion of moral decline? * What kind of person would Adam fund at "Science House"? About Adam Mastroianni Adam Mastroianni is an experimental psychologist and the writer behind Experimental History. He earned his PhD in psychology at Harvard and left academia to pursue independent research and writing. His forthcoming book, The Strangest Idea in the World [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/772441/the-strangest-idea-in-the-world-by-adam-mastroianni/], is scheduled for March 23, 2027. Episode Links * Experimental History: https://www.experimental-history.com/ * The Strangest Idea in the World: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/772441/the-strangest-idea-in-the-world-by-adam-mastroianni/ * The illusion of moral decline: https://www.experimental-history.com/p/the-illusion-of-moral-decline * Science is a strong-link problem: https://www.experimental-history.com/p/science-is-a-strong-link-problem For more episodes: https://unfoldingthought.com/ Questions or guest ideas: [email protected]

Sami Awad begins with an unexpected reason to be happy: his neighborhood in Bethlehem has running water for the first time in almost a month. In this episode of The Unfolding Thought Podcast, Eric talks with Sami, a Palestinian Christian and nonviolent activist, about the conflict between Israel and Palestine and life since the October 7, 2023 attacks. Speaking from his home in the West Bank, Sami describes a reality that extends beyond the war in Gaza. He recalls where he was when the attacks began and why he immediately called his family in Gaza, fearing what would follow. He describes restrictions on movement, access to water and land, and his fear that his own family could be forced from its home. Sami traces his family's displacement in 1948, the hope he felt during the Oslo peace process, and why he believes that hope collapsed. He offers his perspective on Israeli policy, Palestinian leadership, Christian Zionism, and the international pressure he believes a peaceful future would require. Despite everything he describes, Sami says October 7 and its aftermath have made him more committed to nonviolence. For him, that means resisting injustice without dehumanizing the people responsible. He discusses visiting Auschwitz, addressing historical trauma with Palestinians and Israelis, and facing criticism for acknowledging the other community's suffering. The conversation closes with The Sacred Awakening: Reclaiming Christ Consciousness. Sami explores what Jesus' teachings ask of people living amid violence and why seeking inner peace cannot mean looking away from the suffering around you. Topics Discussed and Questions Answered * What is life in Bethlehem and the West Bank like since October 7? * What did Sami fear for his family in Gaza when the attacks began? * How do restrictions on water, land, and movement affect daily life? * How did his family's displacement in 1948 shape his outlook? * Why does Sami believe the Oslo peace process failed? * How does he see Christian Zionism influencing the conflict? * What would need to change for Palestinians and Israelis to live in peace? * Why has Sami become more committed to nonviolence since October 7? * Can acknowledging the other side's trauma be seen as betrayal? * What connects Jesus' teachings, inner peace, and resistance to injustice? About Sami Awad Sami Awad is a Palestinian Christian activist, author, and co-director of Nonviolence International [https://www.nonviolenceinternational.net/team]. Based in Bethlehem, he founded Holy Land Trust and works on nonviolent action, trauma resilience, and leadership development. He is the author of The Sacred Awakening: Reclaiming Christ Consciousness [https://www.publishu.com/books/the-sacred-awakening]. Episode Links * Sami Awad's website: https://sami-awad.com/ * The Sacred Awakening: https://www.publishu.com/books/the-sacred-awakening * Sami at Nonviolence International: https://www.nonviolenceinternational.net/team * Sami on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sami.b.awad/ For more episodes: https://unfoldingthought.com/ Questions or guest ideas: [email protected]

In this episode of The Unfolding Thought Podcast, Eric talks with Ryan Hogan about a hiring market that artificial intelligence was supposed to improve. Instead, employers can receive hundreds or thousands of automatically submitted applications. Ryan says Talent Harbor's clients may arrive with 500 to 2,000 applicants while only 1% to 2% appear worth a conversation. AI screens applications created and submitted by other AI systems, increasing volume while making qualified people harder to find. Ryan argues that recruiting is not simply posting a job and selecting the best résumé that arrives. It is a sales process built around finding capable people, assessing their experience and fit, and persuading passive candidates to consider an opportunity. The same logic applies to job seekers. Clicking "Easy Apply" hundreds of times may feel productive, but relationships and a clear explanation of one's distinctive value remain harder to automate. The conversation then examines claims that AI will replace entire employees. Ryan describes AI as an exoskeleton that makes experienced people more productive. That creates another problem: If companies automate the work through which beginners once developed judgment, what will an entry-level job become, and where will the next generation of experienced leaders come from? Eric and Ryan also discuss investor-subsidized AI pricing, why some technology promises were actually pitches to investors, and how administrative roles are moving toward higher-judgment chief-of-staff work. Later, Ryan introduces KURD, a whipped cottage-cheese condiment that drew retailer, distributor, and investor interest before a commercial product existed. Topics Discussed and Questions Answered * Why is AI making recruiting harder for some employers? * How do automated applications bury qualified candidates? * Why does Ryan consider recruiting a sales process? * Why are the strongest candidates often not actively applying? * How should job seekers compete with thousands of applications? * Is AI replacing workers or making experienced workers more capable? * What happens when AI eliminates traditional entry-level work? * Why might today's inexpensive AI services become much more costly? * How do contingency recruiting fees affect incentives? * What can entrepreneurs learn from KURD's validation before launch? About Ryan Hogan Ryan Hogan is a lifelong entrepreneur, Navy Reserve officer, and co-founder of Talent Harbor. He previously founded Run For Your Lives and co-founded Hunt A Killer, which grew from a live murder-mystery event into a subscription company generating more than $52 million in revenue. Ryan also hosts Confessions of an Implementer and is helping launch KURD, a prelaunch whipped cottage-cheese condiment. Across those businesses, his work centers on entrepreneurship, recruiting, relationships, and finding better ways to test and build ideas. Links * Talent Harbor: https://talentharbor.com/ * Ryan Hogan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanehogan/ * Ryan's first podcast appearance: https://unfoldingthought.com/36-ryan-hogan-the-recruiting-industry-is-broken/ For more episodes: https://unfoldingthought.com/ Questions or guest ideas: [email protected]

Mike Michalowicz has spent nearly two decades developing simple systems for complicated business problems. In this episode of The Unfolding Thought Podcast, Eric talks with Mike about when simplicity helps, when it removes something essential, and what a constraint can reveal. Eric looks across Mike's books. The Toilet Paper Entrepreneur places responsibility on the founder who must keep everything moving. Clockwork and All In ask that founder to build a business and team that can continue without the founder. Responsibility does not disappear. It changes from carrying every task to designing conditions in which other people can move the work forward. The conversation then turns to artificial intelligence. Mike uses a photograph of Picasso with a camera to think about AI as a creative tool. But Joan Fontcuberta added the camera in 1995 to André Villers's 1962 portrait. The manipulated photograph raises another question about AI: What happens when the same tool that helps us create also makes evidence harder to trust? Mike describes what he is seeing in professional services and manufacturing, why replacing one task does not mean an entire profession disappears, and why AI adoption may happen quietly through tools people already use. He also explains why he chooses an optimistic story about a future nobody can predict. Topics Discussed and Questions Answered * When does profound simplicity remove something essential? * Why does Profit First reveal problems rather than fix them? * What does Mike mean when he calls a simple idea the first rung of a ladder? * How did Mike's thinking change from The Toilet Paper Entrepreneur to Clockwork and All In? * What pattern connects the constraints across Mike's books? * How can environmental design change financial behavior? * What does the altered photograph of Picasso reveal about AI and trust? * How is AI changing professional services and manufacturing? * Will early adopters pull away, or will AI adoption happen quietly through familiar tools? * Why does Mike choose optimism about an uncertain future? About Mike Michalowicz Mike Michalowicz is an entrepreneur, author, and creator of Profit First. His books include The Toilet Paper Entrepreneur, The Pumpkin Plan, Profit First, Surge, Clockwork, Fix This Next, Get Different, My Money Bunnies, All In, and The Money Habit. By age 35, he had built and sold two multimillion-dollar companies. He now runs two companies and is a partner in two dozen more, using them as laboratories for the systems he teaches. Links * Mike Michalowicz's website: https://mikemichalowicz.com/ * Explore all of Mike's books: https://mikemichalowicz.com/books/ * Becoming Self Made: https://relayfi.com/becoming-self-made-podcast/ * The Museu Picasso on the altered photograph: https://museupicassobcn.cat/en/whats-on/news/picasso-behind-and-front-camera For more episodes: https://unfoldingthought.com/ Questions or guest ideas: [email protected]

Most self-help advice does not fail because the advice is wrong. It fails at the point where knowing must become doing. Clinical psychologist Dr. Jeremy Stevenson and co-author Spencer Greenberg analyzed 106 self-help books and 23 therapies, extracted nearly 500 specific techniques, and discovered that they could be organized into 12 broad psychological strategies. They call them The 12 Levers. In this episode of The Unfolding Thought Podcast, Eric talks with Jeremy about how cognitive restructuring changed Jeremy's own life and eventually led him into clinical psychology. Jeremy explains why the most useful part of self-help is not inspiration, theory, or storytelling. It is a specific, repeatable action a person can actually control. Eric and Jeremy use anxiety as a test case. Depending on what is causing it, progress might begin with analyzing the problem, approaching feared situations, reframing thoughts, changing the body, or redirecting attention. The goal is not to find one technique that works for everything. It is to understand the problem well enough to choose an appropriate lever. Jeremy also describes his favorite lever: doing more "glad-you-did-it" activities. Unlike immediate gratification, these are actions that may require effort but leave your life better afterward. That leads to the central problem of the conversation: Why does knowing what to do so rarely mean that we actually do it? Topics Discussed and Questions Answered * Why does good advice so often fail to change behavior? * Can nearly 500 self-help techniques be reduced to 12 strategies? * What makes a psychological technique specific, repeatable, and controllable? * How did cognitive restructuring change Jeremy Stevenson's life? * How should someone choose the right lever for a particular problem? * What can ABC Analysis reveal about anxiety? * How do gradual exposure, cognitive restructuring, breathing, and attention training differ? * What is behavioral activation? * What are "glad-you-did-it" activities? * How can mood monitoring reveal which activities improve well-being? * Why does breaking an action into smaller steps help overcome resistance? * When might a problem have medical, environmental, or structural causes rather than primarily psychological ones? * Where is the scientific evidence strong, and where is it still incomplete? About Dr. Jeremy Stevenson Dr. Jeremy Stevenson is a clinical psychologist, researcher, and co-author of The 12 Levers: The Complete Psychological Toolkit for Improving Your Life. He earned his PhD from Flinders University, where his dissertation examined self-compassion and social anxiety. He has treated hundreds of clients across thousands of clinical hours and has published research in academic journals. Links * The 12 Levers: https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/spencer-greenberg-phd/the-12-levers/9780306837463/ * Official book website: https://12leversbook.com/ * Jeremy Stevenson's website: https://drjeremystevenson.com/ For more episodes: https://unfoldingthought.com/ Questions or guest ideas: [email protected]