Quantum Foam

Here is the sixtieth episode of Quantum Foam, Warp Drives. We want to be able to travel faster-than-light. We will likely not leave our solar system until we get faster-than-light propulsion. How do we warp space and time? What type of machinery would be included in this? We want to design spacecraft that can one day be built with the material science available to us. In 1980, H. David Froning Jr. conceived of a new radical form of propulsion called the quantum ramjet. There is the creation of a photon deflection field. It is probably made up of X-rays and other rays overlapping 1 another. It's for neutralizing mass, screening away time dilation or shifts and other relativistic effects. This allows super speed travel up to and beyond the speed of light. Special attention is given to the Casimir effect. Negative pressure pulls on everything, positive pressure pushes on everything. The spacecraft is said to be separated and in its own block of energy. In order to have a bias that can have its directions defined explicitly it has to be an FTL system. We may be able to fabricate this technology with silicon using anti-matter. I want to see the creation of a warp drive during this century. This idea was popularized with Star Trek. There are many planes in the sky at any given point in time. The plane is often flown in autopilot, which is technically an intelligent system that is able to keep an airplane in the sky. Landing and taking off are done by humans, and then a computer-controlled system is used to steadily fly the airplane in between destinations. We are wanting to look at Warp Drive technology in terms of how we can build a new type of system that can warp space-time and travel in that capacity. A Warp Drive or a drive enabling space warp is a fictional superluminal, faster-than-the-speed-of-light propulsion system in many science fiction works. This is also a subject of ongoing real-life physics research. We went over the Alcubierre-Froning Warp Drive in the first half of the episode. It's a theoretical solution of the field equations of General Relativity. In contrast to hyperspace, spacecraft at warp velocity would continue to interact with objects in normal space. We are talking about a spaceship that would have a warp drive or a warp emitter system that creates a shield and creates a disturbance or warping of space-time by means of conditioned pulsed electromagnetic radiation. It creates a bubble that encompasses the ship. This is another 1 of those instances where we want to create science out of science fiction. The Alcubierre metric creates a region of compressed space- time in front of the spacecraft and expanded space-time behind it forming a warp bubble. The spacecraft resides within this bubble moving with the local space-time without experiencing relativistic time dilation or violating causality. Because of FTL communication, it is now possible to make the warp bubble in front and back. You need to get from 1 end of the spacecraft instantly to make sure that everything is communicated at the correct space-time, at the correct point, and at the correct time. We need to create a system that is able to warp. The drive could theoretically manipulate virtual particle pairs, or create localized energy gradients via quantum entanglement. There is now serious consideration for a Warp Drive.

Here is the fifty-ninth episode of Quantum Foam, Artificial Intelligence. This is the general usage of the concept. But, there is now something called superintelligence that is more descriptive of the type of programming. The order directs the assistant to the president for science and technology to propose a federal definition of superintelligence and SI. We are writing and paving the way as we go in the development of software technologies that is more like precognitive A. I. Supposedly, the Turing Test was passed using a large language model. It was a long time in coming. The results are still questionable, but there are several instances where it has been said to have been done. Artificial Intelligence is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of research in engineering, mathematics, and computer science that develops and studies methods and software that enable machines to perceive their environment and use learning and intelligence to take actions that maximizes their chances of achieving defined goals. I'm on the list of people you call when stuff goes down and we need to know what's going on. Give me a call. Give Warren Buffet a call. He is pretty cool. We have had some conversations. That's how you do that. Big companies are trying to create Artificial General Intelligence, which is supposed to be able to match the abilities of humans. Artificial Superintelligence would be another step further advanced. This would include abilities that are better and smarter than humans. In 2017, we now have the transformer architecture. Is Artificial General Intelligence possible? A. I. is the ability of a digital computer or a computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. This may include the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Some programs have attained the level of human experts and professionals in executing specific tasks so that Artificial Intelligence is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, voice or hand-writing recognition, and chat bots. Psychologists generally characterize human intelligence, not by just 1 trait, but by the combination of many diverse abilities. To reason is to draw inferences appropriate to the situation. Inferences are classified as either deductive or inductive. Deductive reasoning is common in mathematics and logic where elaborate structures of irrefutable theorems are built up from a small set of basic axioms and rules. There has been considerable success in programming computers to draw inferences. True reasoning requires more than just drawing inferences. It involves drawing inferences relevant to the solution of the particular problem. Does the conversation decohere and start giving you random garbage? Can you trust the results? What degree of error can we attribute to the result of a given inquiry? This will still likely be a problem for Artificial General Intelligence and perhaps also Artificial Superintelligence. In perception, the environment is scanned by means of various sensory organs and the scene is decomposed into separate objects in various spatial relationships. The object may appear different depending on the angle of view. Artificial perception is sufficiently advanced to enable optical sensors to identify individuals, and for autonomous cars to drive at moderate speeds on the open road. Tesla uses this type of technology in their land cars.

Here is the fifty-eighth episode of Quantum Foam, Thermodynamics. This is the branch of physics that deals with heat, work, temperature, their relation to energy entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the 4 laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics applies to many topics in physics and engineering, especially physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering, as well as other complex fields such as meteorology. Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854. The initial application of thermodynamics to mechanical heat engines was quickly extended to the study of chemical compounds and chemical reactions. Statistical Thermodynamics or Statistical Mechanics concerns itself with statistical predictions of the collective motion of particles from their microscopic behavior. I am giving this information up for the top minds to regurgitate so we can quickly move this subject into the future and build spaceships that can go to Mars. How do we advance propulsion to the next level? What are they cooking up in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory? I am just breaching upon the subject of thermodynamics. I think that at the end of the decimal I am going to go into warp drives. Stuff like propulsion is advanced and we need to know things like calculus, differential equations, mechanics, quantum mechanics, and electromagnetism. I am just getting this out of the way. We are getting a little bit ahead of ourselves. Thermodynamics is the science of the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. It deals with the transfer of energy from 1 place to another and from 1 form to another. Heat is a form of energy corresponding to a definite amount of mechanical work. Heat was first recognized as a form of energy in about 1798 when count Rumford noticed that limitless amounts of heat could be generated in the boring of cannon barrels. The amount of heat generated is proportional to the work done turning a blunt boring tool. The entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to 0 as the temperature approaches absolute 0. This allows an absolute scale for entropy to be established that, from a statistical point of view, determines the degree of randomness or disorder in a system. A systems condition at any given time is called its thermodynamic state. A system is not in equilibrium as it adjusts to an abrupt change in its environment. Many of the results of thermodynamics are derived from the properties of reversible processes. We are interested in calculating work and energy. If a coasting car comes to a hill it will roll some distance up the hill before coming to a temporary stop. At that moment its kinetic energy of motion has been converted into its potential energy of position, which is equal to the work required to lift the car the same vertical distance. After coming to a stop, the car will begin rolling back down the hill until it completely recovers its kinetic energy of motion at the bottom. In the absence of friction, such systems are said to be conservative, because at any given moment to the total amount of energy, kinetic plus potential, remains equal to the initial work done to set the system in motion.

Here is the fifty-seventh episode of Quantum Foam, Differential Equations. We are going over this subject because it goes hand and hand with the idea of the last episode on mechanics. The subjects included in this decimal of the show are put together loosely. In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates 1 or more known function and their derivatives. The functions generally represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and a differential equation defines the relationship between the 2. The study of differential equations consists mainly of the study of their solutions, the set of functions that satisfy each equation, and the properties of their solutions. Jacob Bernoulli proposed the Bernoulli Differential Equation in 1695. Lagrangian mechanics is an alternate formulation of classical mechanics founded on the D'Alembert Principle. In this mechanics, there is a kinetic and potential energy of the system. In 1822, Fourier published his work on heat flow, the Analytic Theory Of Heat, basing his reasoning on Newton's law of cooling. There was a heat equation for conductive diffusion of heat. This idea is now part of academic curriculums. In classical mechanics, the motion of a body is described by its position and velocity as the time value varies. Newton's laws allow these ideas to be expressed dynamically, given the position, the velocity of an object, and all the various forces acting upon the body. An equation of motion can be solved explicitly. A differential equation is an equation with a function and 1 or more of its derivatives. There are many tricks to solving these equations, if they can be solved at all. A common equation is 1 with a function and a derivative of that function. Differential equations can describe how populations can change, how heat moves, how springs vibrate, how radioactive material decays, and much more. The differential equation says it well but is hard to use. It can be solved using a special method called separation of variables. In physics, simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement. Over the years, wise people have worked out special methods to solve some types of differential equations. There are tell-tale signs that give away what kind of differential equation is present in our physics. We wouldn't use a rocket to go to the grocery store, and we can't walk to Mars. Ordinary Differential Equations have a single independent variable. Partial Differential Equations have 2 or more independent variables. The order is the highest derivative. The degree is the exponent of the highest derivative. Be careful not to confuse order with degree. When it is a d squared, it is an order 2 second derivative. An equation is linear when the variable and its derivative has no exponent or other function put on it. The first order linear differential equation has a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives. This is a good start on describing the fundamentals of what can be included in the study of Differential Equations.

Here is the fifty-sixth episode of Quantum Foam, Mechanics. This is an idea that describes how something works. There is a lot of physics that describes mechanics. This subject is built on top of the ability to do differential equations. Calculus is used on either side of the equation and it is balanced out. We are interested in Differential Equations, Mechanics, and Computation. This idea provides a conceptual introduction to the theory of Ordinary Differential Equations. This covers differential equations and their solutions, second-order ODE and the calculus of variations, Newtonian Mechanics, Numerical Methods, Linear Algebra and analysis, and the magic of iteration. Iterative interpolation is a mathematical method that involves repeatedly refining an approximation of a function or data set by applying interpolation techniques on progressively smaller intervals or domains. This approach helps improve the accuracy of the approximation with each iteration. There are conservation laws. This states that the total energy, momentum, and angular momentum remain constant in an isolated system. There are force laws that describe different pushes and pulls. There is analytical mechanics like Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. We use the type of physics that we need for each specific problem. For the most part, we have computers that are fast enough to do our math. There are a few areas where our linear computers are unable to calculate the results. There are different places online where this subject can be taught. Space, time, mass, force, momentum, torque, and angular momentum are introduced in classical mechanics. This helped to solve 1 of the most famous physics problems, the motion of the planets. We have vectors, kinematics, Newton's laws, circular motion, drag forces, constraints, continuous systems, momentum and impulse, continuous mass transfer, kinetic energy and work, potential energy and energy conservation, collision theory, rotational motion, angular momentum, rotations and translation, and rolling. Classical mechanics works best for macroscopic objects such as things you can see with the naked eye moving at speeds much slower than the speed of light. There is circular motion, position and velocity, uniform circular motion, circular motion and acceleration, Newton's second law and how that applies to circular motion, angular position and acceleration, pulleys and constraints, resistive forces, 2 blocks and 2 pulleys, conservation of momentum, center of mass and motion of the center of mass, the center of mass of 3 objects, center of mass of a unified rod, relative velocity and recoil, continuous mass transfer, kinetic energy and work in 1D, kinetic energy and work in 2D and 3D, conservative and non-conservative forces, potential energy, conservation of energy, collision theory, motion of a ridged body, moment of inertia, angular momentum of a point particle, torque and angular impulse, gyroscopes, dynamics and vibrations, interference from data and models, electronic and mechanical properties of materials, classical mechanics, dynamics, wave-propagation, electromechanical dynamics, non-linear dynamics, chaos, introduction to oscillations and waves, applied quantum and statistical physics, introduction to statistical physics, mechanical behavior of materials, thermodynamics, kinetics, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, statistical physics, Nano mechanics of materials, and biomaterials. That is a tentative list on what could be included in mechanics. Machines are designed by us and they are mechanical contraptions. We will use computational ideas to formulate the principles of mechanics precisely. This is where we need differential equations.